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Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.Ⅰ.Learningobjectives教学目标SkillFocus
▲Narratepastevents
▲LearnPastPerfecttense
▲Writeandtalkaboutajokeinthepast
▲Learntoclassifywordsintonouns,verbsandadjectives
Language
Focus
功
能
句
式
Narratepastevents(P76)
BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower.
BythetimeIgottothecinema,themoviehadalreadybegun.WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathome.
词
汇
1.重点词汇
rush,lock,empty,describe,farmer,marry
2.认读词汇
gotten,oversleep,ring,fool,costume,embarassed,announce,Mars,convince,authority,relative,broke,exhausted,reveal,AprilFool’sDay,panic,girlfriend,embarrassing,hoax,fled,spaghetti,thrill,ending,OrsonWells
3.词组
gooff,runoff,ontime,givesb.aride,breakdown,showup,setoff,getmarried,apieceof
语
法
PastPerfecttense:
BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.
Strategy
Focus
1.Sequencing
2.Classifying
CultureFocus
Punctuality.
LearnaboutAprilFool’sDay.Ⅱ.Teachingmaterialsanalyzingandrearranging教材分析和重组1.教材分析
本单元以“Baddays”为话题,共设计了三个部分的内容:
SectionA
该部分有4个模块:第一模块以讨论有关“morning”的两个问题(1a)引入单元话题,通过听力练习(1b)和对话练习(1c)让学生掌握一个过去完成时的句型;第二模块继续就第一模块的听力材料进行内容和时态练习(2a-2b)以及口语训练(2c);第三模块以一个“hurriedmorning”的故事展开训练,训练形式为阅读排序(3a)和回答问题(3b)以及口语练习(3c)。
SectionB
该部分有4个模块:第一模块是词汇的学习(1a)与运用(1b);第二模块围绕“AprilFool’sDay”继续对过去完成时进行听力(2a-2b)和口语训练(2c);第三模块继续围绕三个“stories”展开阅读(3a)和写作(3b-3c)训练;第四模块就“tellafunnystory”展开小组活动,进行口语训练(4)。
Selfcheck
该部分有3个模块:第一模块以填空形式对所学词汇进行自我测试(1);第二模块就“Ming’sDay”进行写作练习(2);第三个模块以“circle”的形式判断词汇类型(3)。
2.教材重组和课时分配
Period1(SectionA:1a,1b,1c,2a,2b,2c)
Newfunctionpresenting
Period2(SectionA:3a,3b,3c;SectionB:1a,1b,2a,2b,2c)Practice
Period3(SectionB:3a,3b,3c,4)
Readingandwriting
Period4(Selfcheck:1,2,3)
IntegratingskillsIII.Teachingplansforeachperiod
StepIRevisionandLead-in
AsktwoormoreSstoshowtheirwork.
T:Inthelastunit,youwereaskedtowriteapassageabouthowtoprotecttheenvironmentusingPresentPerfecttense,suchashavedone/havebeen...since/for...Nowwho’dliketodisplayyourprojecttotheclass?
Asampleversion:
Asweallknow,theenvironmentisveryimportanttous.Westudentsshoulddoourbesttokeeptheworldclean.Ihaveneverspatsincetwoyearsago.Ioftenpickupsomerubbishontheground.AndIhavealwaysputrubbishinaplasticbagsinceoneyearago.Ihavecollectedthingslikebottles,plasticlunchboxesfor6months.Ihavealsotriedtorecyclesomethings,butitisreallyahardjob.Anyway,IthinkIhavemadesomecontributionstotheprotectionofourenvironment.
T:Youhavedoneagoodjob.ThereisaChinesesaying:一日之际在于晨。InEnglish,thereisasimilarsaying:Yourmorningthoughtsmaydetermineyourconductfortheday.Thesesayingstellusabouttheimportanceofmorning.Thatistosay,awell-organizedmorningwillbefollowedbyagoodday.Andifyougetuplateoroversleep,youmayhaveabadday.Don’tyouagree?
Ss:Iagree.Butit’sreallydifficulttogetupearly.
T:Whattimedoyouusuallygetupinthemorning?
S1:Iusuallygetupatsix.
T:That’sveryearly.Whendidyougetupthismorning?
S1:Igotupathalfpastsix.
T:Oh!Whathappened?
S1:Mybothergotintheshower.
T:OK.Bythetimeyougotup,yourbrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower,right?
Writethissentenceontheblackboard.
Bythetimeyougotup,yourbrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower.
T:Whatelsehappened?
S1:Mymothercookedinthekitchen.
T:OK.Bythetimeyougotup,yourmotherhadalreadycookedinthekitchen.
Writethissentenceontheblackboard.
Bythetimeyougotup,yourmotherhadalreadycookedinthekitchen.
T:Whatdidyoufindwhenyougotupthismorning,S2?
S2:Myfatherhadlefthome.
T:Sobythetimeyougotup,yourfatherhadalreadylefthome.
Writethesentenceontheblackboard.
Bythetimeyougotup,yourfatherhadalreadylefthome.
T:Lookatthethreesentencesontheblackboard.Theycontainthestructurewearegoingtolearntoday—PastPerfecttensestructure.Nowwillyougivesomesentencesbyusingthisstructure?
S:BythetimeIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.
BythetimeIgottothebusstation,thebushadalreadyleft.
WhenIfinallyarrivedthere,shehadalreadygone.
...
T:Good.Youreallydidagreatjob.Next,you’lllistentoTinatellingherstoryinthemorning.Butbeforethat,let’slookatthepicturesonpage76.Whatcanyouseeinthepictures?
S1:Icanseeagirlgettingup.Ithinkshegetsuplaterthanusualbecauseshelooksworried.
T:Verygood.Whatelsecanyousee?
S2:Someoneistakingashowerinthebathroom,soshehastowait.
T:Whatelse?
S3:Bythetimeshegottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.
T:Verygood.Iamverygladthatyouusedthestructurewejustlearnt.Thankyouforyourwonderfulwork.StepIIListening
Listentothetapeandfinish1b.
T:Nowlet’slistentothetapeandseewhathappenedtoTina.Iwillplayittwice.Forthefirsttime,trytogetageneralideaofherstory.Andforthesecondtime,completethesentences.
PlaythetapeandgivetheSs2minutestofinishthetask.Thenchecktheanswers.StepIIIPairwork(1c:P76)
T:WeheardTinatellingusherstorythismorning.Asweknow,differentpeoplemayhavedifferentmornings.Thenwhataboutyours?PretendyouareTinainthepicture.Lookatthepicturesaboveandtellyourpartnerswhathappenedtoyouthismorning.First,who’dliketoreadtheexampleinthebox?
AsktwoSstoreadtheexamplein1conpage76first.
T:Nowworkinpairs.Tellyourpartnerwhathappenedtoyouthismorning.
Movearoundtheclassroomandchecktheirwork.Offerlanguagehelpifneeded.
Afterafewminutes.
T:Nowwho’dliketoshareyourstorieswithus?
Sampledialogue1:
S1:Whathappenedthismorning?
S2:Ioverslept.AndbythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadyfinishedhisbreakfast.
Sampledialogue2:
S3:Whathappenedtoyouthismorning?
S4:Well,Igotuplate.BythetimeIfinishedmybreakfast,mymotherhadlefthome.StepIVListening(2a,2b,2c:P77)
T:From1band1cweknowthatTinaoversleptandshecouldnottakeashowerontime.Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower.Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenafterthat?
S1:Ithinkshewillhavebreakfastlate.
T:Ithinksotoo.Whataboutyou?
S2:Ithinkshewillmissthebus.
T:That’sreallyterrible.Andwhat’syouridea?
S3:Ithinkshewillbelateforschoolandherteacherwillbeangry.
...
T:Welldone.Asweknow,Tina’sgettinguplatebroughtheralotoftrouble.We’dbettergetupearly,sothatwecangettoschoolontime.Nowlet’slistentoanothermaterialaboutTinaandseewhathappenedlater.Beforewedothis,let’slookatthepicturesonpage77first.Whatcanyouseeinthepictures?
S1:IcanseeTinaislookingforherkeys.
S2:Icanseesheisrushingtoschool.Ithinkshewillbelate.
S3.Bythetimeshegottoschool,classhadalreadybegun.
T:NowlistenandfindoutwhathappenedtoTina.Forthefirsttime,justlistenandgetageneralidea.
Playtherecordingforthefirsttime.
T:Listenagainandnumberthepicturesinthecorrectorder.
Playtherecordingforthesecondtime.
T:Lisa,what’syourorder?
...
Checktheanswers.
T:You’lllistentotheconversationagain.Thistimefillintheblanksin2bwiththecorrectverbforms.
Playtherecordingagain.AftertheSsfilltheblanks,checktheanswers.
T:Afterlistening,weknowthattheteacherhadalreadystartedteachingbythetimeTinawalkedintoclass.Nowmakeupanendingforthestoryandshareitwiththeclass.TellwhathappenedtoTinawhensheenteredtheclassroom.
Sampleendings:
1.WhenTinawalkedintoclass,theclasshadalreadybegun.TheteacherlookedatTinaandaskedwhyshewaslate.Herfaceturnedredandtoldtheteacherthatshegotuplateandmissedthebusandshehadtowalktoschool.Theteachertoldhertogetupearlierandnevertobelateagain.
2.WhenTinarushedintoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching.TheteacherlookedatTinaandaskedwhyshegottoschoollate.Shetoldherteacherthatthetrafficwasheavyandittookheralongtimetogettoschool.Theteacherlookedatherandsaid,“Ibelieveyouareagoodandhoneststudent.”Tina’sfaceturnedredandsherealizedshewaswrongandtoldthetruthtoherteacher.
StepVGrammarFocus(P77)
T:LookattheGrammarFocusboxonpage77.Nowwho’dliketoreadthesentencestotheclass?
Askastudenttoreadthesentencesinthebox.
T:Welldone.Nowweknowthatwhenwetalkaboutthingsthathappenedbeforepastevents,weoftenusePastPerfecttense.Well,doyouknowthedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttense?
ShowthefollowingtotheSs.
(1)ShehastaughtEnglishfor6years.
(2)“WhereisSusan”“ShehasgonetoAmerica”.
表示过去某时发生的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。(1)ShesaidshehadtaughtEnglishfor6years.
(2)BythetimeIgottoLondon,she
hadgonetoAmerica.
表示过去某时之前发生的动作。Pointoutthedifferencesbetweenthesentencesabove.
T:Fromtheaboveexamples,wecanseethedifferencesbetweenPresentPerfecttenseandPastPerfecttens.Sowecanreachthefollowingconclusion:
ShowthefollowingtotheSs.
现在完成时:主语+have/hasdone
过去完成时:主语+haddone
T:Nowreadthefollowingexamplesaloud.AndobservehowPastPerfecttenseisusedinthem.AndthentranslatethemintoChinese.
ShowthefollowingtotheSsandaskthemtoreadaloud.
1.Bythetimeshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome.
2.BythetimeIwokeup,myfatherhadalreadybeenintothebathroom.
3.Whenshegottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.
4.Whenthedoctorarrived,thepatienthaddied.
T:Who’dliketotranslatethemintoChinese?Volunteer?
S:1.她到学校以后才意识到把背包落在家里了。
2.我早上醒来的时候爸爸就已经在浴室洗澡了。
3.当她赶到车站的时候,车已经走了。
4.当医生赶到的时候,病人已经死了。
T:Goodtranslations.Nowlookatthefollowingsentencesonthescreen.CanyouputthemintoEnglish?
Showthefollowingsentencesonthescreen.
1.到那时,他已经交了一些朋友。
2.到那时她已完成了那项任务。
3.在我见到她以前,她认识我哥哥已经两年了。
4.我到火车站时,火车已经开了。
Sampleanswers:
1.Bythattime,hehadalreadymadesomefriends.
2.Bythattime,shehadalreadyfinishedthejob.
3.ShehadknownmybrotherfortwoyearsbeforeImether.
4.WhenIgottotherailwaystation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.
StepVIHomework
Unit10
BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft.
一、学习目标(LanguageGoal)
1.Learntonarratepastevents.学会描述过去所发生的事情。
2.LearntoexpresssomethingwithPastPerfectTense.学习使用过去完成时态。
3.Strengthentheconsciousnessofdoingthingsregularly.做事加强连续性,有条不紊。
二、重点词组(Keyphrases)
1.bythetime到…时候为止
2.getoutside到外边
3.gettoschool到学校
4.getup起床
5.getintotheshower去洗澡
6.gethome到家
7.startdoing/todosth.开始做某事
8.belatefor迟到
9.gooff(闹钟)闹响
10.wakeup醒来
11.comeout出来,出现
12.runoff迅速离开,跑掉
13.ontime准时
14.intime及时
15.comeby(走)过来
16.givesb.aride让某人搭车
17.breakdown损坏,坏掉
18.showup出席,露面
19.stayup熬夜
20.acostumeparty一个化装舞会
21.sth.happentosb.某事发生在某人身上
22.so…that…如此…以至于
23.setoff出发,开始
24.AprilFoolsDay愚人节
25.getmarried结婚
26.marrysb.与某人结婚
27.both…and…二者…都…
28.getdressed穿好衣服
29.onthefirstday在第一天
三、[交际用语]
1.Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom.
2.Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone
3.Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching.
4.Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome
5.Haveyoueveroverslept?
6.Haveyoueverbeenlateforschool?
四、[重点难点释义](LanguagePoints)
1.getto意为“到达”。例如:
Whendidyougettherelastnight?
你昨晚什么时候到那儿的?
Igethomeat7:00everyday.
我每天7:00到家。
WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.
我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。
辨析:get,arrive与reach
这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”,但是用法不同。
(1)get和arrive都是不及物动词,其后只能跟表示地点的副词,若是跟名词则须再加介词,即getto+地点名词,arrivein/at+地点名词(in之后跟表示大地方的词,at之后跟表示小地方的词)。若是只说“到达”,而不指出到达哪里,则只能用arrive。例如:
Howdidyouget/arrivethere?
你怎么到那儿的?
Igotto/arrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.
我前天到的北京。
Whendoyouoftengetto/arriveatschool?
你经常什么时候到校?
Whenwillyouarrive?
你什么时候到?
(2)reach为及物动词,其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如:
IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.
我前天到的北京。
Wereachedhereonfoot.
我们步行到这儿的。
2.关于get的词组小结
在本单元出现大量关于get的词组,要注意背诵:
gettoschool到学校
getintotheshower去洗澡
getoutside到外边
gethome到家
getup起床
getmarried结婚
getdressed穿好衣服
gettoclass到班级
getbored变得无聊
gettired变得疲劳
3.Iveneverbeenlateforschool,butyesterdayIcameveryclose.
我上学从未迟到过,但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。
(1)Ive是Ihave的缩写,havebeenlate是现在完成时态,现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能继续下去,而且对现在产生了一定的影响,其构成是have/has+动词过去分词。例如:
Ihavebeenheresince1999.
自1999年以来我就在这儿。
WehavelivedinJinanfor20years.
我们已经在济南住了20年了。
Shehasntworkedfor2years.
她已2年不工作了。
(2)belatefor意为“……迟到”,for为介词,所以其后须跟名词。例如:
Dontbelateforthemeeting.
开会别迟到了。
Jimwaslateforschoolagain.
吉姆上学又迟到了。
Tomhasbeenlateforclassestwice.
汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。
(3)close在此为副词“接近地,靠近地”。此外cameveryclose意为“到时与迟到很接近”。
4.Myalarmclockdidntgooff,…闹钟没有大响……
gooff意为“爆发,大响”。例如:
Althoughthealarmclockwentoff,hedidntwakeup.虽然闹钟大响,但是他还是没有醒来。
与go有关的词组还有:
(1)goinfor“参加”(竞赛、考试);(作为嗜好、工作)“爱好”。例如:
Shegoesinforbird-watching.她爱好赏鸟。
(2)goon“进行,继续”。例如:
Pleasegoon.请继续。
(3)goondoingsth.或goonwithsth.“继续做……”。例如:
Hewentonworkingwithouthavingarest.
他一直工作,没停下来休息过。
(4)goover“调查,视察;越过”。例如:
Youmustgooveryourlessonsbeforetheexam.
考试前你必须复习。
5.…andIhadtowaitforhimtocomeout.……我不得不等他出来。
(1)haveto意为“必须,不得不”。例如:
Doyouhavetotakethetest?
你必须考试吗?
TomhastopracticespeakingChineseeveryday.
汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。
辨析:haveto与must
这两个词都可以表示“必须”。haveto更加强调客观原因,而must则强调主观原因;含有haveto的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do,does或did,而must本身是情态动词,进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如:
Itisraining,wehavetostayathome.
天在下雨,我们不得不待在家里。
Wemustworkhard.
我们必须努力工作。
Lucydoesnthavetostand.
露茜不必站着。
Youmustntplayinthestreet.
你不能在街道上玩。
(2)wait是不及物动词“等待,等候”的意思。可以用于词组waitforsb.“等某人”,waittodosth.“等着做某事”,waitforsb.todosth.“等某人做某事”。例如:
Whoareyouwaitingfor?
你在等谁?
Theycantwaittoopenthepresents.
他们迫不及待地打开礼物。
Youcanwaitforhimtohelpyou.
你可以等着他帮你。
6.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.
不幸的是,我到那儿的时候,公交车已经走了。
unfortunately是副词“不幸地”,是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如:lucky(幸运的)-unlucky(不幸的),use(用)-useful(有用的),forget(忘记)-forgetful(健忘的),un作前缀表示“not”的含义,即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如:fit(合适的)-unfit(不合适的),fair(公平的)-unfair(不公平的),known(闻名的)-unknown(不闻名的)等。
7.Luckily,myfriendTonyandhisDadcamebyinhisDadscarandtheygavemearide.
幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。
(1)comeby意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”。例如:
Pleaseletthecarcomeby.
请让车过去。
Goodjobsarenoteasytocomeby.
好工作不容易找到。
与come有关的其他词组:
1comeout出来;开花;出版例如:
Themoonhascomeout.
月亮出来了。
Itstoocoldfortheflowerstocomeout.
天太冷了,花不开了。
2comeabout发生,产生例如:
Tellmehowtheaccidentcameabout.
告诉我事情是怎么发生的。
3comeacross“(偶然)发现……,遇见……”。例如:
Icameacrosshisnameonthelist.
我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。
4comeafter继……之后,接……而来例如:
SundaycomesafterSaturday.
星期天在星期六之后。
5comeback回来例如:
Whendidhecomeback?
他什么时候回来的?
6cometooneself苏醒,醒过来例如:
Atlast,hecametohimself.
最后他醒了。
7comefrom来自例如:
JuliacomesfromAustralia.
朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。
(2)givesb.aride意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。getaride意为“搭便车”。例如:
Canyougivemearide,Jack?
杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?
Iwanttogetaride.
我想搭个便车。
8.Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.我恰好到教室。
makeit意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,准时到达。例如:
-Haveyougotthejob?
-你得到那份工作了吗?
-Yes,Imadeit.
-是的,我成功了。
9.Haveyoueverforgottentobringyourhomeworktoschool?
你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗?
(1)辨析:forgettodo与forgetdoing
forgettodo指的是“忘了去做……”,即该事还未做;而forgetdoing则指“忘了做了……”,即该事已经做完。例如:
Dontforgettoturnofflightswhenyougoout.
出去时别忘了关灯。
Sorry,Iforgottobringthebooksagain.
对不起,我又忘了带书来了。
Lucyforgotlockingthedoor.
露茜忘了已锁了门了。
TomforgotturningoffTV.
汤姆忘了关了电视了。
(2)辨析:bring,take
bring意为“把……拿来,取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地;take意为“把……拿走,取走”,即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如:
PleasebringmyEnglishbookhere.
请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。
Youcanttakethesemagazineshome.
你不能把这些杂志拿回家。
10.WhathappenedtoDavidonAprilFoolsDay?
愚人节那天,大卫出什么事了吗?
(1)happentosb.意为“某人怎么了,发生在某人身上”。例如:
Whathappenedtoyou?
你怎么了?
WhathappenedtoJim?
吉姆出什么事了?
(2)英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点:
1表示“在……节”用介词on;
2表示节日的每个词的首字母大写;
3用day来表示“节”,且无冠词;
4一般用复数名词的所有格,如:TeachersDay教师节,ChildrensDay儿童节,WomensDay妇女节等;但也有用单数名词所有格的,如:MothersDay母亲节,FathersDay父亲节等。例如:
DoyouoftengotoparksonChildrensDay?
你们儿童节经常去公园吗?
WhatdoyouusuallydoonNewYearsDay?
新年你们通常干什么?
DoyourfriendsplayjokesonyouonAprilFoolsDay?
你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗?
11.Welleswassoconvincingthathundredsofpeoplebelievedthestory,andpanicsetoffacrossthewholecountry.
Welles是如此地让人信任,以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事,进而激起了全国性的恐慌。
(1)So…that…句型中,so后面应加一个形容词或副词,意为“如此……以至于……”
e.g.Thisbookissointerestingthateveryoneinourclasswantstoreadit.
这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。(so+形容词)
HeransofastthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim.
他跑得那么快,以致于我跟不上他。(so+副词)
So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句,但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。
e.g.Itwassodarkthathecouldntseethefacesofhiscompanions.
天太黑了,他不能看见同伴的脸。
(2)sothat主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may,should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号,意为“以便,使能够”。
e.g.Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveintime
他们早早地出发以便按时到达。
Letstakethefrontseatssothatwemayseemoreclearly.
我们坐在前排吧,以便可以看得更清楚。
(3)setoff意为“出发,开始;引爆;衬托”。例如:
Theyllsetoffonajourneyaroundtheworld.
他们将要出发环球旅行。
Useblueeye-shadowtosetoffyourgreeneyes.
用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。
与set有关的其他词组:
1setaboutsth.“开始,着手”。例如:
Imustsetaboutmypacking.
我必须开始收拾行装了。
2setsb.againstsb.“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如:
Setyourselfagainsther.
跟她竞争。
3setin开始例如:
Therainyseasonhassetin.
雨季已开始了。
4“setout”出发,启程“setsth.out”展示,陈列例如:
Theysetoutatdawn.
他们在拂晓出发。
Hesetsouthisideasclearlyinhisessay.
他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。
5setup“建立,设立”。例如:
Thememorialwillbesetup.
纪念碑要建成了。
12.…becausethespaghettifarmersinItalyhadstoppedgrowingspaghetti.
……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。
辨析:stopdoing与stoptodo
stopdoing指的是“停止做”,即不做了;而stoptodo则是指“停下来去做”,即停下来的目的是去做,也就是开始做。例如:
Stoptalking,letsbeginourclass.
不要讲话了,我们开始上课。
Youaretoofatandyoumuststopeatingtoomuch.
你太胖了,你不能吃那么多了。
Pleasestoptolistentome
请停下来听我说。
Themotherstoppedtolookafterherbaby.
那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。
13.Shewasthrilled,becauseshereallywantedtogetmarried.
她震惊了,因为她的确想结婚。
(1)thrill为动词“震颤,使激动”,多用于被动语态bethrilled,表示“很感动,受到震颤的”。例如:
Wewerethrilledwithjoy.
我们高兴极了。
Shewasthrilledatthegoodnews.
她听到那个好消息很兴奋。
(2)want在此为动词“想,想要”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式todo。例如:
Doyouwantanice-cream?
你想要个冰激凌吗?
Iwantsomebreadandmilk.
我想要些面包和牛奶。
TomwantstolearntoplayChinesechess.
汤姆想学下中国象棋。
DoesLucywantstolearntodance?
露茜想学跳舞吗?
(3)marry为动词“嫁,娶,结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marrysb.。
另外,词组getmarried意为“结婚”,但这是一个非延续性动词,即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。bemarried也可以用来表示“结婚”,它是一个延续性词组,可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如:
JohnisgoingtomarryJane
约翰要和简结婚了。
Henrydidntmarryuntilhewasoverfifty.
亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。
Whenareyougoingtogetmarried?
你准备什么时候结婚?
Wehavebeenmarriedfortenyears.
我们已经结婚十年了。
Hisunclewillgetmarriednextmonth.
他叔叔下个月结婚。
五、语法知识
1.PastperfectTense过去完成时
构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化)
过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。
e.g.Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.
我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
句中的supper既是过去某一时间,而hadfinished这一动作就是在supper之前完成的。如果只说Ihadfinishedmyhomework.听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见,过去完成时是个相对的时态,它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。
e.g.BytheendofthatyearHenryhadcollectedmorethanonethousandforeignstamps.
到那年年底,亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。(过去时间是theendofthatyear)
e.g.Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.
当我们到那里时,足球比赛已经开始了。(过去时间是when从句)
动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似,一般情况下在动词词尾加-ed,特殊动词须特殊记忆,如:have—had—had,get—got—gotten,begin—began—begun,leave—left—left,go—went—gone等。例如:
Shehadlearnt2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.
到上个月末,她已经学了2000个英语单词了。
IhadntlearntJapanesebeforeIwenttoJapan.
我去日本之前没学过日语。
注意:过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。
2.when和bythetime引导的时间状语从句
bythetime到……时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间为止,这一时间段。when当……时候,指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。
e.g.Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom.
到她起床的时候,她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。
Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone
到她走到外面的时候,公共汽车已经走了。
Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome
当她到学校的时候,她意识到她把书包放在家里了。
(在这句话中,过去的时间点为“到校”的时候,“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。)
3.Howtonarratepastevents.如何描述过去的事件
描述过去的事件,首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去,因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语(如在双引号“”之内),则根据当时的情况来决定。
表示过去的时态有:
(1)一般过去时:结构:动词的过去式
(2)过去进行时:结构:was/were+现在分词
(3)过去完成时:结构:had+过去分词
(4)过去将来时:结构:would+动词原形
请看例文1:
ItwasSunday.Iwenttoapooltofish.Ithoughttheremustbesomefishformetocatch.Iheldmyfishingpole,waitingpatiently.Suddenlyabigfishwascaught.Iwasgladandputitintomylittlebasket.Beforelongmysistercamewithoutawordsheputbackthefishintothewater.Iwasastonished.Ireallythoughtshebecamemad.Sheorderedmetoputdownthefishingpoleandledmetoaplacenotfaraway.Therestoodasign,reading“Nofishing”.IrealizedthatIwasmakingamistake
(注意观察文中时态的应用)
Teachinggoals:
1.描述与陌生人聊天就注意的事项,学习该聊些什么,如何将话题展开。
2.通过学习与陌生人聊天来达到了解关心别人并增进友谊。
Importantanddifficultpoints:
Tagquestions(附加问句)
Structure:
It’saniceday,isn’tit?Yes,itis.Ireallylovehotweather.
You’reJenny’sfriend,aren’tyou.Yes,Iam.
TheNo.15busstopshere,doesn’tit?Yes,itdoes.
Functions:Makesmalltalk
Period1Teachingofnewlesson
Step1Assignthetask
InthisunitSslearntomakesmalltalk.OntheBb,drawapictureofaboyandagirlwaitingforbus.IncludealargesignthatsaysBusStop.Drawaspeedbubbleovereachperson’shead.
Step2Warmup
SBPage76,1a.
1.Pointoutthefourscenes.HelpSsunderstandthatinallthepicturestwopeoplewhodon’tknoweachother(strangers)arestartingaconversation.
2.AskSstocirclethepictureswheretheywouldtalkwithpeopletheydon’tknow.ThenhaveSswritetheirownlists.
SBPage76,1b.
1.Pointoutthefourpictures.Thenreadtheinstructions.
2.Say,Youwillhearthreeconversations.Theygowiththreeofthepictures.
3.Playtherecording.HaveSswritethenumberofeachconversationintheboxnexttothecorrectpicture.
4.Checktheanswers.
SBPage76,1c.
1.AskSstolookatthepicturesinactivity1a.Thenpointoutthesampleconversationinactivity1c.Asktwostudentstoreadittotheclass.
2.Say,Nowworkwithyourpartner.Makeyourownconversationsaboutthepeopleinactivity1a.Usetheexpressioninthebox.
3.Askseveralpairstosayoneormoretheirconversationstotheclass.
Step3Pre-task
SBPage77,2a.
1.Readtheinstructionsandpointoutthesampleanswer.
2.Playtherecording.
3.Checktheanswers.
SBPage77,2b.
1.Readtheinstructionsandpointtotheletteredlistofsentences.
2.Askdifferentstudentstoreadthelinesoftheconversationtotheclass.
3.Playtherecording.AskSswritetheletterofeachlineofconversationinthecorrectplace.
4.Checktheanswers.
SBPage77,2c.
1.Readtheinstructionsfortheactivity.
2.Pointtotheconversationsinactivity2b.Askapairofstudentstoreadtheconversationstotheclass.Thenaskallstudentstopracticetheconversationinpairs.
3.Pointoutthequestionsinthebox.
4.ThenhaveSsworkinpairs.
5.Askseveralpairstocometothefrontoftheroomandsaytheirconversationstotheclass.
Step4GrammarFocus
1.Reviewthegrammarbox.Askstudentstoreadthequestionsandanswers.
2.AskSstogiveotherexamplesofsmalltalkthatusetagquestions.HelpSsfindthecorrectYesorNoshortanswertogowitheachquestion.
ExercisedesigningforPeriod1汉译英
1.天看起来要下雨了,是吗?是的,但是我忘带雨伞。
2.今天真的很热,是吧?是的,我希望下一场雨。
3.你认为到中午雨会停吗?我想会吧。
4.火车总是晚点,是吧?我想有时是的。
教学后记:
Period2Teachingofnewlesson
Step1Pre-task
SBPage78,3a.
1.Readthedirections.Pointtotheblanksintheconversations.
2.AskSstothinkofanswersthatwouldbecorrectinblank1forexample,I’mgoingtothebeachorIalwaysgotothebeachonhotdays.
3.AskSstofinishwritingsentencesintheblanksontheirown.
4.Asksomepairsofstudentstoreadtheircompletedconversationstotheclass.
SBPage78,3b.
1.Pointouttheconversationin3aandaskSstoreadittotheclass
2.Askanotherstudenttoreadthelistofpossibleconversationalsituations.
3.Askpairstopracticetheconversationin3atogether.
4.Iftheclassneedshelpgettingstartedhavethewholeclassmakeaconversationtogether.
5.Nextaskpairsofstudentstomaketheirownconversation.
6.Asksomepairstosaytheirconversationsfortheclass.
Step2While-task
SBPage78,Part4.
1.Readtheinstructions.
2.AskSstoidentifythepeopleinthepictures.
3.Askotherstudentstogivesampletopicsofconversation.Topicsshouldbesuitableforeachperson.
4.AskSstoworkingroupsandroleplaytheconversations.
5.Askafewstudentstosharethesampleconversationswiththerestoftheclass.
教学后记:
Period3Teachingofnewlesson
Step1Assigntask
Teachthenewwords.
SBPage79,1a.
1.Focusattentiononthefourpictures.
2.Pointtothepicturesonebyoneandaskastudenttoreadthequestionundereachpicturetotheclass.
3.AskSstocheckthequestionsthattheythinkaregoodsmalltalkquestions.
4.Checktheanswers.
SBPage79,1b.
1.ReadtheinstructionstotheclassandansweranyquestionsSsmayhave.
2.Thenpointoutthesampleconversationinactivity1b.Asktwostudentstoreadittotheclass.
3.Say,Nowworkwithyourpartner.Makeyourownconversationsaboutthepeopleactivity1a.
4.Askseveralpairstosayoneormoreoftheirconversationstotheclass.
SBPage79,2a.
1.Pointoutthechartwiththelistofthethreeconversations.Thenreadtheinstructions.
2.Say,Youwillhearthreeconversations.Thepeopleineachconversationareinadifferentplace.
3.Pointtotheanswerspaceandsay,Writeyouranswerinthesespaces.Pointoutthesampleanswer.
4.Playtherecording.
5.Checktheanswers.
SBPage79,2b.
1.Readtheinstructions.
2.Pointoutthesampleanswer.Askastudenttoreadthesamplequestionandanswertotheclass.
3.Playtherecording.Say,Nowwritetheletterinthecorrectblankinthefirstcolumn.
4.Checktheanswers.
SBPage79,2c.
1.Readtheinstructions.Say,Nowyoucanhaveyourownsmalltalkconversationswithyourpartner.
2.PointoutthelistofopenersandaskSstoreadtheseopenerstotheclass.
3.ThenaskSstoworkinpairs.HaveSsmaketheirownsmalltalkconversationusingtheopenersonthelist.
4.Suggestthattheywritedownthelinesoftheirconversationandpracticesayingthemtoeachotherseveraltimes.
5.Askseveralpairstosaytheircompletedconversationsfortheclass.
Step2While-task
SBPage80,3a.
1.Callattentiontothethreenotes.Readthethreenotestotheclassorhavedifferentdoit.
2.Asktheclasstoreadtheletterstothemselves.DiscussanyquestionsSsmayhave.
3.Readtheinstructionstotheclass.Say,Eachofthenoteswaswrittenforadifferentsituation.Matcheachnotewithoneofthesituation.
4.AskSstofinishontheirown.
5.Checktheanswers.
SBPage80,3b.
1.Readandexplaintheinstructions.
2.Say,Nowreadthelettertoyourselfandfillintheblanks.Youcanusewordsfromthisunitoranyotherwordsyouknow.
3.AskSstoreadtheirletterstotheirpartner.Askthepartnertocheckthattheanswersarecorrect.
4.Asksomestudentstoreadtheirletterstotheclass.
SBPage80,3c.
1.AskSstomakealistofideasbeforetheywritetheirletters.
2.Discusstheseideas.
3.AskSstowriteacompletethankyounote.
4.Correctasmanyofthelettersasyoucaninclass.Invitesomestudentstoreadtheirletterstotheclass.
SBPage80,Part4
1.Readtheinstructionstotheclass.
2.Pointoutthehandwrittennotesinthepicture.Askastudenttoreadthenotestotheclass.
3.AskSstosuggestopeningquestionsthepersonstandinginlinemightuseandalsopossibleresponsestheboymightgive.
4.Askstudentstoworkinpairsandhandoutcardsforeachpairtowriteon.
5.Askseveralpairstosaytheirconversationfortheclass.
ExercisedesigningforPeriod3词组翻译
1.相处融洽2.帮助我复习数学课程
3.举行他90岁的生日聚会4.等了十分钟
5.浏览6.过街
7.走路去上学8.在电梯里教学后记:
Period4Teachingofnewlesson
Step1SelfCheck
SBPage81,Part1.
1.AskSstofillintheblanksontheirown.
2.Checktheanswers.
3.AskSstomaketheirownsentenceswiththewords,preferablysentencesthataremeaningfor.
4.Writeanumberofstudents’answerforeachwordontheBb.
Step2SBPage81,Part2
1.Readtheinstructions.Ssmustreadcarefullytotrytomaketheiranswersfitthecontext.
2.AskSstoidentifythepeopleinthepictures.
3.Sscompletethetask
4.Askafewstudentstosharesampleconversationswiththerestoftheclass.
Step3SBPage81,Part3.
1.Readtheinstructions.
2.AskSstoidentifythelocationsinthepictures.
3.Sscompletethetask.
4.Askafewstudentstosharesampleconversationswiththerestoftheclass.
Step4Reviewthisunit.ExercisedesigningforPeriod4单项选择
()1.—Doyouthinkitwillstoprainingnoon?
—Well,itisreallyhardtosay.
A.inB.byC.onD.for
()2.—Thisisgreatweather,isn’tit?
—Itsureis.Butit’salittlehotme.
A.toB.onC.withD.for
()3.Afteryoufinishyourhomework,youcangoonlineforawhile,butyouarenotallowedcomputergames.
A.doing,playingB.todo,playing
C.doing,toplayD.todo,toplay
()4.ThisistheplaceIspentmychildhood.
A.thereB.whereC.thatD.which
()5.Theboxisheaveforuscarryupstairs.
A.very,toB.so,toC.too,toD.very,notto
()6.Ifyougorightnow,youlate.
A.won’t,willB.don’t,willbe
C.won’t,areD.don’t,are
()7.Whycomealittleearlier?Wehavehadalotofdeliciousfoodprepared.
A.don’tB.don’tyouC.nottoD.aren’tyou
()8.funitistoswimintheseaonsuchahotday.
A.whataB.whatC.HowmuchD.Howa
教学后记:
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