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高考英语主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)

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主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句)

状语从句

1.when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别;

2.名词词组theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句;

3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型;

4.till和until的用法;

5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引导让步状语从句的用法;

6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别;

7.条件状语从句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引导词的用法;

8.“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”引导从句的用法;

9.incase引导的状语从句;

10.where引导的状语从句;

11.once引导的状语从句。

12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

名词从句

1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别;

2.名词从句的语序和时态;

3.it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况;

4.宾语从句的否定转移;

5.whether和if的用法区别;

6.what在名词性从句中的使用;

7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用;

8.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别;

9.连接词that的省略;

定语从句

1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别;

2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别;

3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别;

4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查;

5.such…as与such…that的区别;thesame…as与thesame…that的区别;

6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查;

7.theway作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略;

8.含有插入语的定语从句;

9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

I.句子的种类

复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。

按用途分

种类

类型

例句

陈述句

肯定句

Weloveourmotherland.我们热爱祖国。

否定句

Theydon’tgotoworkonSundays.他们星期日不上班。

疑问句

一般疑问句

Areyouaworker?你是个工人吗?

Haven’tyouseenthefilm?你没看过这部电影吗?

特殊疑问句

Whoistheman?这人是谁?

WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么时间看电视?

Whataretheydoingnow?他们现在正在干什么?

选择疑问句

Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水还是要咖啡?哪种都行。

DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.

他学日语还是学法语?他学法语。

反意疑问句

Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren’tthey?他们要去机场,是吗?

Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你没做完作业,是吗?

祈使句

肯定句

Besuretogetthereateight.务必八点钟到那儿。

否定句

Don’tworry.I’llhelpyouout.别担心,我会帮助你的。

感叹句

what+名词

Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!

这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!

Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气呀!

how+形容词或副词

Howbraveheis!他多么勇敢呀!

Howhardtheyareworking!他们工作多努力呀!

how+句子

Howtimeflies!时间过得多么快呀!

How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+n

Howniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!多好的孩子啊!

按结构分

种类

类型

例句

简单句

主+谓

Theydisappeared.他们消失了。

主+谓+宾

Helikesswimming.他喜欢游泳。

Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮助。

主+谓+间宾+直接宾

Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。

Theysentusatelegram.他们给我们拍了电报。

主+谓+宾+宾补

TheynamedtheboyJack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克。

Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto’clock.

我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。

主+系+表

Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大学生。

Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成为一名飞行员。

并列句

并列关系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but,

Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.

要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。

NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.

汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。

Notcouldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.

不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。

转折关系but,while(而,尽管)

nevertheless(然而;不过)

Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.

约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。

选择关系or,otherwiseorelse,either…or

Wemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.

我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。

EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.

或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。

因果关系for,so,thus,therefore,andso

Wehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.

我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨。

Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.

他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。

复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。

从句有:

名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句)

状语从句

定语从句

(详细请看以下内容)

II.状语从句

状语从句是每年高考必考的内容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。

1.时间状语从句

由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等

重点内容如下:

①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句

▲as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。

ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)

Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时)

▲when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。

Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)

Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)

Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后发生)

▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换。

Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.

Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.

Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”)

②before状语从句的重点句型

▲……之后……才:ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep.

▲不多久……就:Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.

▲不等……就:BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.

▲刚……就:Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.

▲先……再:Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.

③since引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。

▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不在生病了)

▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了,他一直未来看我。

▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.

自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了)

▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我们附近以来,我对他很了解。

▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)

▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=Itsthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.

我入伍已三年了。

④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首时主句要倒装。

2.原因状语从句

由下列连词引导:as(由于),because(因为),since(既然),now(that)(既然),consideringthat(顾及到),seeingthat(由于)。

IdoitbecauseIlikeit.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与so连用)

Hecouldn’thaveseenme,becauseIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我,因为当时我不在那儿。

Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.

由于好些人都没到会,我们决定延期开会

Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision.

既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧

Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty.

由于病了,她没来参加晚会。

Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.

考虑到他们才刚刚学做,他们干得算很不错的了。

重点内容如下:

①because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词only,just以及否定词not连用。但不可以与so连用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。Hedidn’tdosuchathingbecausehewasafraidofhiswife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。

Cf:Hedidn’tdosuchathing,becausehewasafraidofhiswife.因为怕妻子,他没有做这样的事。

because引导的从句可以被强调:

ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL

②as语气较弱,since语气也较弱,但比as正式一些,所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实,多用于口语中,所以不应该强调。常置于句首。

Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere.

Sinceyouaregoing,I’llgo,too.

③for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它引导的是并列句,不是原因状语从句。

Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember.

3.地点状语从句

由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。

Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.

Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.

WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。

You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.

哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句)

4.结果状语从句

由下列连词引导:that,so…that,sothat(从句中不带情态动词),such…that,withtheresultthat等。

注意以下几种结构:

①so+adj/adv+that…

②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…

③so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…

④somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that…

注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。

Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthat/aseveryonewantstoseeit/(it)

Hedidn’tplanhistimewellsothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.

他没把时间计划好,结果没按时完成这项工作。

Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.

我们走得匆忙,把门都忘了锁了。

Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.

这村子太小,所以这地图上没有。

Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch

=Jennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch

Jenny是如此聪明的女孩,以至老师们都非常喜欢她。

IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.

我摔了许多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块

Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.

他朋友很少,所以经常感到孤独。

IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent.

我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起

5.目的状语从句

由下列连词引导:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用。(sothat也可用来引导结果状语从句,但从句中不带情态动词)

Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.

我们坐前排吧,这样我们看得更清楚些。

Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.

早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。

Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.

他把名字写下省得忘了。(该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形,或省略should)

Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.

最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。

注意:sothat引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。

6.条件状语从句

分为真实条件句和非真实条件句(用在虚拟语气中)。

表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果),unless(除非),incase(万一),so/aslongas(只要),as/sofaras(就……而言),onconditionthat(条件是……)suppose(假设)supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中)

等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。

As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.

只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法。

Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一你有什么困难,请给我们一个信儿。

Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow.

如果你明早6点钟走,你最好现在就上床。

We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.

只要你能保持整洁,我们可以让你使用这个房间。

As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.据我所知,他是一个DNA专家。

He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow/ifthesalaryisnottoolow.

他会接受这项工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。

Suppose/Supposingwecan’tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo?

假设我们弄不到足够的食物,那我们怎么办?

7.让步状语从句

由下列连词引导:although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+疑问词等。

Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes.

我们就是失败十次也不泄气。

Itwasanexcitinggame,though/althoughnogoalswerescored.

那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进。

Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.不管你信不信,这是真的。

However(=Nomatterhow)expensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.无论它有多贵,我也要买下它。

Don’tletthemin,whoever(=nomatterwho)theyare.不管他们是谁,别让他们进来。

NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.无论我说什么或怎么说,他总认为是我错。

注意以下几点:

①although,though引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。

Herefuseshelpalthoughhehasmanyfriendswhowanttoofferallkindsofhelp.

②as引导让步状语从句时,必须用前置结构,通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首,放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。

Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(注意在child前不要用冠词)

MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.

Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.

8.方式状语从句

由下列连词引导:as,asif,asthough,theway等。

Doitthewayyouweretold.

注意以下几点:

①as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加强语势。

Ididitjustasyoutoldme.

②asif和asthough引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气。

③连词while和whereas可表示对比。

Whereasheisratherlazy,sheisquiteenergetic.

9.比较状语从句

由下列连词引导:as…as,notas…as,notso…as,than等(详情请参见形容词和副词)。

10.注意状语从句中的省略现象

①连接词+过去分词

Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.

②连词+现在分词

Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.

③连词+形容词/其他

常见的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。

④比较状语从句中的省略句。如:Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthan(hehadbeen)expected.

III.名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类:

①that(不充当从句的任何成分,无词义。只起连接作用,因此往往可以省略。)

whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分,均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。)

asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)

②what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which

③when,where,how,why

Whocleanedtheblackboardisnotknownyet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。

Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话

Thathe’llcometoseeusisreallygreat.他来看我们真是太好啦。

Idon’tknowwhyheisabsent.我不知道为什么他不在。

Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。

1.主语从句

①由从属连词引导的主语从句:

Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.

那个国家是否应该建立核电站……

Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直线传播

②由连接代词引导的主语从句:

Whatweneedismoretime.我们所需要的是……

Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.无论你选哪本书……

Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.无论谁来……

③由连接副词引导的主语从句:

Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飞机什么时候起飞……

Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到过哪儿……

Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……

④关于形式主语it

▲It+be+形容词+that-从句

Itisnecessarythat…有必要……

Itisimportantthat…重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明显……

Itislikelythat….很可能

▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句

Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……

Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……

(注意该句型的变式:Itisknowntoallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.=Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.)

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……

▲It+be+名词+that-从句

Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识

Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……

Itisafactthat…事实是……

可应用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等。

▲It+不及物动词+that-分句

Itappearsthat…似乎……

Ithappensthat…碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……

Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.

2.表语从句

可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等等。

Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.

……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病

Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛

That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我们的问题所在

Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人……

注意:

①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词,连接代词和连接副词引导以外,还可以由as,asif,asthough引导

Thingswerenotastheyseemed.

Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。

②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构:Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because)

It(This,That)isbecause…

Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。

Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.

3.同位语从句

同位语从句一般由that,whether等连词引导,常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名词的后面,说明该名词的具体内容。

Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陆月球…….

Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么时候回来

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也许病了

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意

4.宾语从句

宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,介词的宾语,某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。

①及物动词后的宾语从句:

Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要帮助的人……

Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请

②介词后的宾语从句:

IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。

Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老师对他所说的话很满意。

③某些形容词后的宾语从句:

IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.

……通过努力工作,你将取得更大的进步

Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他没有告别就走了

④非谓语动词后的宾语从句:

 Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing

OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.

⑤关于形式宾语it

Wemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.

我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。

Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。

5.名词性从句重难点

①在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如:

▲Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?

A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput

C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput

▲Youcantimagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

②动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用whether或if皆可,而不用that。

Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?

Idontdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.

HedoubtwhetherIknowit.

③否定转移问题。

▲将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移

IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。

Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。

Wedontexpecthewillcometonight,willhe?

注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。

▲将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移

Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。

Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

④主谓一致问题。

Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.

WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.

⑤语气问题

▲在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+动词原形”的结构 Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们应该立刻出发。

▲在Itis+过去分词+that的主语从句中decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。

Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.

▲在表语从句或同位语从句中

Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

▲在Itis(was)+形容词+that从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)动词原形,表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential,important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,等 Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)

A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster

⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义:

▲Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.

(what为“所……的事”,相当于“thethingthat…;allthat…;everythingthat…”)

▲After________seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed.(MET93) A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which

(what相当于“thetimethat”,表示“……时间”)

▲Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?

(what表示“……的人”,相当于“thepersonthat…”)

▲WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.

(what表示“……的地方”,相当于“theplacethat…”)

▲Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago

(what表示“……的数目”,相当于“theamount/numberthat…”)

⑦不可省略的连词:

▲介词后的连词不可省略

BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.

下楼之前,我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。

▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略

Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被选上了,我们很高兴。

Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。

▲宾语从句有多个that引导时,从第二个及其后面的that不能省略

Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.

⑧比较:whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代:

▲whether引导主语从句在句首

Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.她是否来与我无关。

▲引导表语从句

Hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。

▲引导同位语从句

Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.回答我你是否来的问题。

▲whether从句作介词宾语

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。

▲与ornot连在一起

Idon’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoJapan.我不知道他是否去日本。

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。例如:

Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.谁去,这不重要。

Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。

IV.定语从句

(一)基本概念

1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。

关系词的分类和基本用法

表一

分类

指代

引导词

关系代词

who,whom,that,as

事物

which,that,as

人或物(表所属关系)

Whose

关系副词

地点

Where

时间

When

原因

Why

表二

关系代词

指代

例句

解释

who

ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.

在定从中作主语

whom

Thatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.

在定从中作宾语,可省略

whose

Heisthefatherwhosesonstudiesverywellinourclass.

在定从中作定语

that

Imnotthefoolthatyouthoughtmetobe.

在定从中作表语

as

Heissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.

在定从中作宾语

that

事物

Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.

在定从中作宾语

which

Adictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords

在定从中作主语

whose

Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth

在定从中作定语

as

Itissuchabigstoneasnobodycanlift.

在定从中作宾语

整句内容

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.

在定从中作主语

表三

关系副词

指代

例句

解释

when

时间

Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?

在定从中作状语

where

地点

Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.

在定从中作状语

why

原因

Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.

在定从中作状语

(二)定语从句的注意点

本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。

1.that与which,who,whom的用法区别

情况

用法说明

例句

只用that的情况

①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时

②先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时

③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

④先行词既指人又指物时

⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时

⑥句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时

①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.

②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.

③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.

④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.

⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.

⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?

只用which,who,whom的情况

①在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人

②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。

③先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。

①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.

②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.

③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.

只用that,inwhich或不用关系词的情况

theway做先行词时

①Mary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.

②Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.

③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.

A.thewayB.inthewaythat

C.inthewayD.thewaywhich

2.as、which和that的区别

从句

区别

例句

限制性

定语从句中

名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.

非限制性

定语从句中

as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。

Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.

Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.

Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.

thesame...as和

thesame...that

thesame...as指同类事物

thesame...that指原物

That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同类工具,不是同一把)

That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。

3.where、when与why引导的定语从句

关系副词

用法

例句

where

关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。

We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which

when

关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。

Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.

A.a;thatB.a;when

C.the;thatD.the;when

why

关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。

Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因吗?

4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:

原则

内容

例句

原则一

根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定

Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.

A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich

[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,根据句意用fromwhich表示“所来的那个方向”,故答案选[D]

原则二

根据先行词而定

Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.

A.thelargerB.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich

[解析]thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings,which在定语从句中指代building,作介词of的宾语,故答案为[D]。

5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象

定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。

现象

例句

在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有:Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨别的方法是:去掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍然完整。

①---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?

---Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

[解析]work是不及物动词,先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语,Youknow在句中作插入语,所以答案选[C]。

②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis

[解析]这里Ithink是插入语,which引导非限制性定语从句,故选[A]。

在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语

Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。
乍一看,that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面,似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想,”不对啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来that引导的定语从句被inthesky这个地点状语分隔开来,修饰中心词stars。

在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语

DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamond

necklace?
你还记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?
whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。tenyearsago实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。

先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后

AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.

6.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别

类别

区别

例句

定语从句

并列句

定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。

①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.

②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.

从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;

②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them。

定语从句

状语从句

定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。

Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.

这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为theplace)

Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.

我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)

定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。

Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)

Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.

=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.

当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)

When,where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。

Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.

这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)

Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。(状语从句)

定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。

Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。

(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)

Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.

它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。

(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)

定语从句

同位语从句

定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。

Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.

她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)

此句中的同位语从句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam

可以改写成表语从句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.

Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.

他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)

Thenewsthathetoldus是定语从句,此句不能改写为:Thenewsisthathetoldus.

定语从句

强调句

强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。

①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.

②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.

从结构上看:

①小题是强调句,故填that。

②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知thefactory前差个介词in,故填where。

此外还要注意下列两点:

▲定语从句与习惯句型

用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①Itisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai.

②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife.

解析:这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that从句。故①填that,其意为:这是她第一次在上海。②小题thetime是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填when。

▲定语从句与简单句

用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。

①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,_____didnthelp.

②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork._____didnthelp.

解析:含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which,前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时,注意标点符号的运用。

1.______isknowntousallisthatShenzhouVIIhaslaunchedforthefirstspacewalksuccessfully.

A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As

2.BarackObamadeliveredaspeechto500localyouthsduringhisvisittoChina,manyof_______werefrom

FudanUniversityandTongjiUniversity.

A.themB.whomC.whichD.those

3.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses.

A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that

4.—Joinusinthepartytonight,wouldyou?

—Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t,______I______thecontentofsomereportswithmyboss.

A.for;havediscussedB.because;willbediscussing

C.before;discussedD.when;willhavediscussed

5.—I’mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm.

—Congratulations!________you’rethere,canyoukeepmee-mailed?

A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If

6.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectsonthedailylivesofpeopleintheUnitedStates________HenryFord________.

A.as;wasB.than;wasC.than;didD.as;did

7.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofwiththeireyesonandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks.

A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing

8.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan’tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld.

A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what

9.Facedwithchallenges,youshouldbelieveyourcourageis__________makesadifference.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whatever

10.—Doyouhaveanyideaofrugby?

—Abosolutely.Itisasport______playersholdtheballandrunwithit.

A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where

11.Whatwasit_________causedthemodemnationstochangetheirmind_________theyshouldhelptopreservetheRoma’shistory?

A./;whyB.that;thatC.that;/D.what;that

12.WewenttotheLincolnMemorialyesterday,,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when

13.Itwastheveryplace_________thesoldiersfoughtoversixtyyearsago.?

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there

14.Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.

A.theyhadgottothebusstopB.theygottothebusstop

C.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygottothebusstop

15.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced______tractorsin1998astheyearbefore.

A.asmanytwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyas

16.YoucanflytoUKthismorning_____youdon’tmindchangingplanesinHongKong.

A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras

17.It’sthesameinChina---manypeople,_____somearenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondiets

ortakingweight-losspills,______areoftendangerous.

A.whose;whichB.ofwhich;whoC.ofwhom;whichD.who;that

18.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?

A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which

19.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround?

A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which

20._____occurredtomethatthemurderhappened____arainyday.

A.What;inB.What;onC.It;inD.It;on

21.Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters,______treatinghimwell,______makeshimsad.

A.noneofthem;whichB.andnoneofwhom;that

C.noneofwhom;whichD.andnoneofthem;that

22.Manyexpertsholdtheview____teachers’developmentis_____thekeytobettereducationlies.

A.which;whereB.which;whatC.that;whereD.that;which

23.WasitinDisneyland,______manycartooncharacterscanbeseen,______thefilmwasset?

A.that;whereB.that;whenC.inwhich;whereD.where;that

24.theworldeconomyisindifficulty,wecansee,thepeopleofChinaarefullofhope.

A.As;/B.Because;whichC.Though;asD.With;/

25.Thereason______beinglateforthemeetingwas______hislittlesonfellillthismorning.

A.for,thatB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.why,because

26._______shehadtimetorealizewhatwashappening,shewashitonthehead.

A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.Until

27.Whatimpressesmemostis______heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsasincereandcharmingsmile.

A.whatB.whichC.thatwhereD.thatwhenever

28.______IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.

A.BythetimeB.UntilC.AfterD.Unless

29Inthepastfewyears,“MyHeartWillGoOn”wasapopularsongamongyoungpeople,__________wereoftenheardsingingitatparties.

A.whoB.whichC.theyD.that

30.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.高.

A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what高.考.资.源.网

31.Facedwithtroubleordifficulty,apersontakeshelpthatisavailable.

A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however

32.____youhaveexpressedyourdetermination,youshouldactimmediately.

A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.InorderthatD.Until

33.You’dbettergivethetaskto_______youthinkcanfinishitaheadoftime.

A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.nomatterwho

34.—It’salongtime__________Isawyoulast.

—Yes,andwhatapityitisthatitwillbeanotheryear_______weseeeachotheragain.

A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before

35.Japanesescientistssaid“Ourdreamistocreate(clone)amammoth(猛犸),itisabigdream.”

A.sinceB.becauseC.thoughD.however

36.Thediseaseoutbreakhadinfected65peoplebylastMonday,19havedied.

A.withwhichB.ofwhomC.forwhomD.inwhich

37._________asmallnumberofAustraliansarebittenbyspiderseachyear,mostrecoverwithoutanymedicaltreatment.

A.WhileB.UnlessC.WhenD.Because

38.—WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty?

—No._____invited,Ican’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.

A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.When

39.annoyedhimmostwasthathehadreceivednoapology.

A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.Which

40.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer?

—No,_______we’relucky.Thenewspapersaysit’llbeveryhotanyway.

A.unlessB.ifC.thoughD.as

41.—WhenshallJanetreturntowork?

—_________shehastotallyrecovered.

A.IfB.SinceC.WhenD.Until

42.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes________hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake.

A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.as

43.IdontsayIamagainsttheirplan.Butthetroubleis___theydodoesntagreewithwhattheysay.高.考.资.源.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.ifwhatD.whatif

44.Itwasshortlyafterthatseriousaccidenthappened______allthepeopleinvolvedwerecaughtandquestioned.

A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when

45.Lucywashavingaholidaywithherfriendinanationalpark____shewasbittenonthefootbyasnake.

A.whileB.sinceC.onceD.when

46.____you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.

A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When

47.Thegameisnotverydifficultyouunderstandtheroles.

A.untilB.thoughC.onceD.unless

48.Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet.

A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how

49.Honestyisakindofqualityandthat’sittakestocommunicatewithotherssuccessfully.

A.whatB.whyC.howD.which

50.Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper.

A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what

1-5BBABB6-10CBCBD11-15BBCDC16-20BCDDD21-25ACDCA26-30BDBAA31-35AAACC36-40BACCA41-45CABBD46-50ACDAB

扩展阅读

名词性从句


知识扫描
复合句中具有名词性质并且可以做主语、表语、同位语或宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
高考热点
1)怎样判断名词性从句的类别;
2)连词that和what的用法与选择
3)if与whether的区别
4)同位语从句与定语从句的区别
5)名词性从句必须采用的陈述语序
6)it可充当形式主语和形式宾语
7)疑问词+-ever的连词和不加-ever的连词在语义上的用法和差别
核心解读一
1、在名词性从句中,从句都用陈述语序。
2、引导名词性从句的词叫引导词。引导词可以分为以下几类:
1)从属连词that(用于表示肯定的含义),whether,if(表示疑问),这三个词只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分,除宾语从句外(that可省),这些词均不可省略。
2)连接代词有who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。这些词在从句中既起连接作用,又充当从句中的成分,如主语、宾语、表语、补语,且不可省略。
3)连接副词有when,where,why,how,wherever,however等。它们既起连词作用,本身又做从句中的状语。
3、名词性从句中的时态一致问题
1)在宾语从句中,当主句是一般现在时、将来时或现在完成时,起从句的谓语根据需要用适当的时态。当主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的某个时态,但若宾语从句表示客观真理,格言,谚语等,从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
Haveyoutoldhimthatwhenwearetoleave?
TeachertoldusthatChinaliesinthewestofJapan.
Althoughshewaslistening,shedidn’thearwhathewassayingbecausetherewassomuchnoise.
2)在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,应注意主语从句中的谓语动词的时态一致性及动作发生的先后关系。
4、语气
在名词性从句中,谓语动词根据需要可以用虚拟语气。起从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
核心解读二:主语从句
1.Whether与if
Whether可以引导主语从句置于句首,而if不放在句首。
特别提醒:
1)if可引导条件状语从句,而Whether不可,若宾语从句为否定句,则用if。
Idon’tcareifhewon’tcome.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgo.
2)类似下面的句子也用that.
Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome.
Itwasneverdoubtfulthathewouldhelpus.
3)下面情况下多用whether。
(1)在表语从句或同位语从句中。
(2)宾语从句置于主句前(即前置以示强调)
(3)宾语从句做介宾(含discuss的宾语)
(4)后面紧跟ornot或动词不定式
(5)引导让步状语从句
(6)引导宾语从句可能产生歧义时
例1
Hedoesn’tknow_____tostayornot.
A.whetherB.ifC.eitherD.ifhewill
[Key]A
[点拨]后面有动词不定式和ornot。
例2
Idon’tthinkthequestionof_____theyareoldoryoungisimportant.
A.whichB.whetherC.howD.why
[Key]B
[点拨]宾语从句做介宾
2.That与what
在名词性从句中,thatb不充当句子成分,仅起连接作用,也无意义,而what可充当主语、宾语、表语等,起含义为“……的事(东西)”。
Hasitbeendecidedthattheartistwillattendthemeeting?
WhatthechildrenlooksforwardtomostwastheNewYear’scoming?
例3
_____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturedifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
[Key]Bthat
[点拨]不做成分,但引导的是主语从句,所以不能省略。
例4
_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
[Key]A
[点拨]what在句子中做主语。
3.主语从句可用形式主语it代替,置于句首,而将真整的主语即主语从句放在后面。但what,whatever和whoever引导的主语从句不用it代替。
Itiscertainthatshewillbelate.
例5
Itisprettywellunderstand_____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[Key]C
[点拨]It为形式主语,what引导的句子做真正的主语。
例6
Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
[Key]C
[点拨]It为形式主语,而真正的主语是有that引导的从句。
特别提醒:
1)主语从句的that在口语或非正式文体中如果不在句首可以省略,但that从句位于句首时决不能省略。
It’sapity(that)youareleaving.
Itiscertain(that)shewilldowellintheEnglishexam.
2)主语从句除了that外,还可以用where,whether,when,why等词引导。
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheywillcomeornot.
Ithasnotbeenyetdecidedwhowillspeakatthemeeting.
4.who与whoever
whoever意思为“凡……者”相当于anyonewho+定语从句。它既可作主句的主语,又可作从句的主语,强调人。而who引导主语从句,只在从句中作主语,强调事。
Whoeverismoreorlessadvancedcanpassthetext.
Iwillgivethisdictionarytowhoeverwinthegames.
例7
_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.whoeverD.Whom
[Key]C
[点拨]whoever=anyonewho
例8
Tomhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
[Key]C
[点拨]whoever引导的句子做介宾而nomatterwho不引导名词性从句,只引导让步状语从句。
例9
Itwasamatterof_____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
[Key]A
[点拨]省略
5.主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况.
(1)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(Right)
ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(Wrong)
(2)Ithappens…,itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(Right)
Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(Wrong)
(3)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(Right)
(4)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。
例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(Right)
Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(Wrong)
核心解读三宾语从句
宾语从句多做及物动词的、介词的宾语。
1.语序用陈述语序
例10
Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitDwhoitis
[点拨]作动词see的宾语从句要用陈述语序,当无法区别男女时,用it作主语。
特别提示:
1)特殊疑问词做主语时,次序不再变化。
Pleasetelluswhowillgiveusatalkthisweekend!
2)宾语从句的标点符号由主语来决定。
Don’tyouthinkthatthelightintheroomistoodark?
2)在宾语从句中不能用一般现在时表示将来,也不能用一般过去时表将来。
3)在doubt的否定句中,doubt后的宾语从句用that,在doubt的肯定句中用Whether或if均可。
Wedon’tdoubtthathewillsucceedintheresearchwork.
Idoubtif/whetheritistrue.
Wedon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.
例11
Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft
[Key]B
[点拨]本句子是过去时间,soon的出现就是表示过去将来。干扰项答案A以一般现在实施表示将来时,是适用于条件状语从句,故不正确!
3.连接词的选用关键要理解、弄清楚各自的含义和在句子中做的成分。
例12
Iremember_____thisusedtobeaquietvillage.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
[Key]A
[点拨]本题考查宾语从句的连词。how和where在从句中分别作地点和方式状语,在此不合题意,而此句是一个完整句子即主系表结构,故排除what。本句欲表示的意思是:“我记得那个时候这里曾经是一个安静的村庄”
例13
Iwoulddo_____Icandotohelpthem.
A.thatB.whateverC.whichD.whichever
[Key]B
[点拨]Icando句中的及物动词do没有宾语,句子不完整,缺句子成分,whatever在句中可以作do的宾语。
4.That在宾语从句中不可省略的情况。
1)当that引导的宾语从句中的状语紧靠that时,或者说that从句中含有主从复合句时。
I’msurethatifyou’velostit,youmastpayforit.
2)当宾语从句被it替代时
Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowiththedecision.
3)当由两个that引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时,第二个that不可省。
Tomtoldtheleader(that)Jonehadworkerveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.
4)有插入语或其它成分把宾语从句和主句分开时。
Hethinks,I’mafraid,thatheisalwaysright.
5)当that引导的宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。
Theysaidthatrubbingthegirl’slegmighthelp.
6)从句的主语是that时。
Shesaysthatthatisarealgoldring.
5.It可充当形式宾语,代替真正的宾语从句,此时谓语动词除带宾语从句外,还带宾补。
Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantjob.
核心解读四表语从句
1.当reason和cause引导的从句做主语时,其表语从句多用that引导,而不用because引导。
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthelastbus.
2.because引导表语从句时,一般在句型“it(that,this)isbecause…”中说明原因;而在“it(that,this)iswhy…”中说明结果。
Theteacherwasveryangry.Thatwasbecausehewasverylate.
Hewasverylate.Thatwaswhytheteacherwasangry.
3.asif/asthough也可引导表语从句。
Itlooksasif/asthoughitweregoingtorain.
4.除that和wh-词外,as也可引导表语从句。
Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.
核心解读五同位语从句
1.同位语从句语序为陈述语序,多放在下列词的后面,如:idea,fact,news,hope,wish,promise,doubt,suggestion,truth,question,problem,belief,probability….对其名词起进一步说明作用,是名词的具体内容。
例14
Ihavenoidea_____fartheairportisfromhere.
A.whatB.howC.it’sD.that
[Key]B
例15
There’safeelinginme_____we’llneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
[Key]A
[点拨]that引导的同位语从句修饰feeling
2.That引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
That引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略,而that在定语从句中可做主语、宾语和表语。作宾语时可省略。
Thenewsthathepassedtheexamwasagreatsurprise.(同位语从句)
Thenews(that)hetoldmewasagreatsurprise.(宾语从句)
核心解读六名词性从句中的几类问题特别提示
1、当疑问词做主语或主语的定语时的语序不变。
Allofusaskedherwhatwasthematter/wrong/thetroublewithherface.(做主语)
Tomaskedmewhosepenwasred.(whose做主语的定语)
2、宾语从句中的插入语常见形式
1)特殊疑问词+doyouthink(believe,suppose,say…)
Whodoyouthinkisthebeststudentinourclass?
Whodoyouthinkcananswerthequestion?
Whatdoyousupposehappentoher?
Whattimedoyouthinktomwillcomehere?
2)插入语还有youthink/expect等
Giveittowhoeveryouthinkcandotheworkwell.
3、连接词的对称
Ittooktheteacherafewdaystorememberwhowaswhointheclass.
4、That可以作except,in,besides,but的宾语,不可充当其它介词的宾语,inthat意为“在于(因为)”butthat意为“要不是(只是)”exceptthat意为“除了”
Thesuitfittedhimwellexceptthatthecolorisalittlebrighter.
其它介词后面需要用that从句作宾语,必须用it作形式宾语。
YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwayshelpthem.
5、宾语从句中的否定转移
主语是第一人称I/we。
1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
 IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。
 Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
 Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)如果think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等动词前有副词或表示强调的do,does,did或同其它词构成并列谓语,或不以现在时出现,或用在插入语中,这时候不用否定转移。
Ireallyexpectshedidn’tsaythattohim.
我希望她不对他说那件事。
Ithinkandhopethathewon’tbedeceivedbytheman.
我认为他希望他不会被那个人欺骗。
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine,consider,expect,guess,reckon等此类动词后,在简略回答中,用so替代前面肯定的宾语从句;若替代一个否定的宾语从句,用not或not…so替代前文整个句子。
---Ibelievewe’vemetsomewherebefore.(我认为我们从前在哪里见过)
---no,Idon’tthinkso.(没有,我想我们以前没有见过)
----doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?(你认为这周末会下雨吗?)
----Ibelievenot.(我认为不会)
4)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
 Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.
 看来他们不知道往哪去。
 Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.
 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
5)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
 Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman. 
 我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)
 Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrange
charactersonthestreet.
 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
 (anyone作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
6)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
 Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.
(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. 
(否定状语manyweeks) 
她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
6、宾语从句还可以用在某些形容词的后面,如:sure,glad,certain,sorry,afraid,worried,anxious,aware,confident,convinced,proud,surprised,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content…
Iamsurethathewillcomeheretomorrow.
Theteacherwaspleasedthathisstudentshadpassedtheexam.
特别提示:
besure/certain…表示“确信或肯定……”后边从句的连词用that,但benotsure/certain后边从句的连词用if或whether。
Areyoucertainthatyou’llgetthereotime?
I’mnotsureif/whetherhisworkhasbeenfinished?
7、有些句子连词较多,应分清各自的功能
Itiswellknownthatwhat,whenandhowapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.(that为itiswellknownthat这一结构的连词,what,whenandhow为主语从句的连词)
Tomwassoontoldwhywhathaddonewasnotnecessary.
(why是宾语从句的连词,而what是why从句中的连词)
常见错误分析
1.误:Thequestionisiftheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
正:Thequestioniswhethertheycanworkoutthedifficultmathproblem.
[点拨]:引导主语从句、表语从句时,常用whether不用if。又如:
WhetherTomgoeswithusmakesnodifference.
Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousillness.
2.误:Thathesaidsurprisedallofus.
正:Whathesaidsurprisedallofus.
[点拨]:what引导主语从句并在主语从句中作said的宾语。当that引导主语从句时,不作句子成份,只起连接作用。
3.误:Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.
正:Ibelievewhateverhesays.
[点拨]:whatever在这里引导宾语从句,nomatterwhat只能引导状语从句。
4.误:Heaskedhowmuchshouldhepaythedoctor.
正:Heaskedhowmuchheshouldpaythedoctor.
[点拨]:一般来说,宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序。
5.误:Wholeavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
正:Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldlockthedoor.
[点拨]:who可以引导主语从句,但往往具有疑问的意义;而whoever则没有疑问的意义,相当于anyonewho。
6.误:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhomeversharesthesameinterest.
正:Hewantstobecomeafriendofwhoeversharesthesameinterest.
[点拨]:whoever引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语,故不能用whomever。
7.误:Italldependsoniftheywillsupportus.
正:Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
[点拨]:theywillsupportus在句中作dependson的宾语,故用whether,而不用if引导。
8.误:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisbecausehismotherwasill.
正:Thereasonwhyhedidn’tcomeisthathismotherwasill.
[点拨]:Thereasonwhy…is…句型中,应用that引导表语从句,表示“……的原因是……”。不能用because引导。
9.误:Wedidn’tknowifornotshewasreadytostartwork.
正:Wedidn’tknowwhetherornotshewasreadytostartwork.
[点拨]:whether引导宾语从句时可以和ornot连用,而if则不能。
10.误:HeisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
正:ThatheisfamousasanEnglishteacheriswellknown.
[点拨]:that引导主语从句时不能省略。
11.误:Thatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
正:Whatreallyinterestedthechildrenwashowtousethecomputer.
[点拨]:what引导主语从句在从句中作主语,而that引导主语从句时,不作句子成分,也没有任何含义。
12.误:Themanaskedhissonwherehefoundhisglasses.
正:Themanaskedhissonwherehehadfoundhisglasses.
[点拨]:宾语从句中动词find的动作是在主句动词ask之前发生的,因此要用过去完成时来表达。
13.误:Allwhattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Allthattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
正:Whattheyneedisenoughtimetopreparefortheexamination.
[点拨]:allwhat一般不连用。Allthat…结构中,that(不能用Which)引导定语从句,修饰先行词all。what引导主语从句。

经典真题回放
1.___youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.(87)
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This
2.Theyhavenoideaatall____.(87)
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego
C.whichplacehehasgoneD.wherehehasgone
3.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(88)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
4.Upongraduationheaskedtobesentto_____.(88)
A.whereheismostneededB.whereheneeded
C.whereheismostlyneededD.whereishemostlyneeded
5.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.(89)
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
6.Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?(90)
A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput
C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput
7.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.(91)
A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike
8.____theGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknown.(92)
A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That
9.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggrey.(92)
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
10._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.(92)
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
11._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.(93)
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
12.Heasked____fortheviolin.(93)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch
C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
13.—Doyouremember_____hecame?
—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.(94)
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
14.____isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(95)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
15.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____sharesherinterests.(95)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
16._____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.(96)
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
17._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.(96)
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
18.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.(97)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
19.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.(98)
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
20.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.(98)
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
21.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?(99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
22._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(99)
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
23.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.(00)
A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever
24.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(00)
A.That;whatB.What;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
25.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(01)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
26.____isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.(01)
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whether
27.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemoneyexactly_____hewants.(2002上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that
28.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.(2003上海)
A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
29.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
—Oh,that’s____.(2003北京春季)
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
30.Wecannotfigureout_____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
31.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____Ivebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.(04湖南)
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
32.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.(04天津)
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
33.Parentsaretaughttounderstand____importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04广东)
A.thatB.howC.suchD.so
34.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Icantunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.(04)
A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how
35.AfterYangLiWeisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(04上海)
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
36.Astorygoes____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.(04上海)
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
37.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.(04上海春季)
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
38.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
39.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05北京)
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
40.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary_____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(05浙江)
A.whoB.thatC.asD.which
41.Thewayhediditwasdifferent_____wewereusedto.(05江西)
A.inwhichB.inwhatC.fromwhatD.fromwhich
42.Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize___sillymistakesIhadmade.(05湖南)
A.whatB.thatC.howD.which
43.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_____hewasamanofaction.(06湖南)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
44.Wehaventsettledthequestionof_____itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.(06江苏)
A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that
45.Makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.(06辽宁)
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
46.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.(06全国I)
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
47.Pleaseremindme_____hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.(06全国I)
A.whereB.whenC.howD.what
48.---Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
---Theyalwaysletmedo_____IthinkIshould.(06全国III)
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
49.Enginesaretomachines_____heartsaretoanimals.(06山东)
A.asB.thatC.whatD.which
50.Ijustwonder_____thatmakeshimsoexcited.(06山东)
A.whyitdoesB.whathedoesC.howitisD.whatitis
51.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris_____itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.(06上海)
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
52.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.(06上海)
A.whatB.whichC.whyD.while
53.---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
---ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_____wegotlostonarainynight.(06四川)
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
54.Thereismuchchance_____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.(06天津)
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
55.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentformtheclasshehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.(06重庆)
A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because
56.Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder____.(06上海春季)
A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycost
C.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost
57.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_____sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(06上海春季)
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
58.---Couldyoudomeafavor?
---Itdependson____itis.
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
59.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
60..Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
[答案]
1--5BACAB6--10CACBC11--15ADADC
16--20ABBAA21--25ADDBC26--30AAAAC31--35CABAB36--40DCBAB41--45CABCA46--50DBDCD51--55CABAB56--60CBCCB

高考英语名词性从句专项复习


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,作为教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,有效的提高课堂的教学效率。怎么才能让教案写的更加全面呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“高考英语名词性从句专项复习”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!

英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]
专题11名词性从句

一、概念
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的呼应等
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.
Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.
2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
从属连词:that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(作主、宾、表、补)
连接副词:
when,where,how,why,however,wherever(状)
主语从句的用法
一、主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可
以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在
句末,句首则用形式主语it。
1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.
=Itistruethattheearthisround
2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.
=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.
注意:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句)
WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.
(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)
Whoeverleavestheroomlastshouldclosethedoor.
Whateverwedomustbeintheinterestsofthepeople.
3.常见的it作形式主语的结构
1)Itisafactthathewonthematch.
2)ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.
3)Itisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.
4)Itseemedthathewouldcomehere
基本句型结构常用词语
Itis+名词+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/
goodnews/…that…

Itis+形容词+that从句Itisnecessary/strange/important/
possible/likely/…that…这类主语从
句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形

Itis+过去分词+that从句Itissaid/reported/decided/known/
…that…

It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemed/happened/doesn’t
matter/hasturnedout/…that

二、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.
Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.
ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.
宾语从句的用法
句子结构:
主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句
1.Webelieve(that)heishonest.
2.Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?
3.Idon’trememberwhenwearrived
4.Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.
5.weshouldthinkofhowwecandomoreforothers
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后,宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
Idon’tbelievehewillgo.
Wedon’texpectheiscoming.
Idon’tthinkhecandoit,canhe?
You/Theydon’tthinkhecandoit,dothey?
在接复合宾语的句子中,为了保持句子平衡,用it作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾,常接复合宾语的动词有:make,find,see,hear,feel,think...
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.
Ithinkitapitytowastethefood
表语从句的用法
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。
That’swhatweshoulddo.
That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.
ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.
1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句:
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.
Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain
2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.
ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.
3.在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:
Thetroubleis(that)heisill
注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.
同位语从句的用法
在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,doubt,questiondreamadvice,proofdecision等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.
1.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.
2.Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.
3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.
名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.
同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开:
ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilled
thekingwithanarrow.
Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon
九大热点问题
1..同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1).Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.
2).Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.
3).Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.
4).Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical
同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步
说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、
限定前面的名词(相当于一个定语)。
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch
isencouraging.(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.
(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.(that不充当任何成分)
2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.
(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。)
Choosethebestanswer
2.语序问题(名词性从句用陈述语序)
3.whetherif的区别
I.Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouwillgotothelecturestomorrow.
II.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.
III.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.
IV.Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft?
V.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.
VI.Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostay.
A.引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后
B.引导宾语从句,位于介词后
C.引导主语从句,放句首
D.引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句
E.可与ornot直接连用
4.Whatthat的区别(在名词性从句中)
I.Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.
II.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.
III.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.
IV.Thisiswhatmakesusinterested.
V.ThereasonwasthatTodhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.

所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略
What缺什么;所……的
东西、事情否
that不缺无意义宾语从句中能省略

5..that引导名词性从句的省略情况
1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
2)宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:
(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;Ithink,hesaid,thatTomwillcome.
(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时(或带两个以上宾语从句),that不能省;
(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉(很少在介词后引导宾从,只在except,but,beside,in后才用。介词后一般用what,whether连接,不用which,if连接)如:
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
6.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
7.Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。
Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。
8.“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如:
Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
9疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
w考点解析
名词性从句中引导词that与what的使用场合。
that引导名从时,无意义不当句子成分,只是引导词;而what引导名从时,在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分,what表“什么…”=allthat或sth.that
1.Themountainisnolonger____itusedtobe.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
2.Thereismuchchance____Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
3.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.
A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which
4.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething___youmightgetinthefuture.[2007安徽卷]
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
Tips:定语从句引导词中,有that没有what。
名词性从句中引导词whether与if的用法区别。
If在名从中可以用在:
1.引导及物动词或形容词后的宾语从句
2.当与ornot分开使用时Hewonderedif/whetherwewillattendthemeetingornot.
Whether所有名从都可以
1_____theflighttoNewYorkwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.
A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what
“(should)+do”
在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有:
(1)Itisnecessary,(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...
(2)Itissuggested,(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that...
(3)一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建议(suggest,advise,propose)、四要求(demand,desire,require,request)。
(4)主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等表“建议、请求、要求、决定”等意思的词时,表语从句,同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscussthequestion.
1.Iadvisedthathe_____tothehospitalatonce,butheinsistedthathe_____quitewellthen.
A.besent;wasfeelingB.wassent;sent
C.besent;feelD.shouldbesent;shouldfeel
名词性从句的语序只能是陈述句语序,宾语从句的时态应该与主句的谓语动词的时态保持一致。
Eg.Theyareteachersanddon’trealize______tostartandrunacompany.
A.whattakesitB.whattheytakeC.whattakesthemD.whatittakes
whoever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever和however可以引导名从和让步状从;nomatterwho/which/what/when/where/how只能引导让步主语从句。
⑦—Haveanicetrip!—Thanks.I’lltelephoneyoufrom_____Igettobytomorrowevening.
A.whereverB.everyplaceC.wheneverD.nomatterwhere
that的用法
1.that引导从句小结
1.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.
 A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
2.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
 A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
3.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased____hewasamanofaction.
 A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
4.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay_______matters.
 A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this
5.Hisplanwassuchagoodone_________weallagreedtoacceptit.
 A.soB.whatC.thatD.as
6____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What/becauseB.What/thatC.That/whatD.That/because
2.that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略,但当有两个和两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第二个从句以下的that不可省略。
如:Shesaid(that)shehadleftschoolandthatherparentswouldfindherajob.
3.介词后的宾语从句常用what,whether引导,不用that,which引导。但在介词besides,except,in,but后可用that引导宾语从句。
Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat____Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.
A.asB.whichC.whatD.that
4.定语从句与同位语从句中that的区别,主要看that在从句中有没有语法作用。
定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,有时可以与which互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词如:fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面,解释名词的含义或内容,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
例如:ThefootballstarHenryexpressedthehopethathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008. 同位语从句,从句就是hope的内容;
ThehopethefootballstarHenryexpressedisthathewouldcometovisitChinaagainin2008.定语从句,从句修饰hope,是“表达的”愿望。
1.…Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
…ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,____wegotlostonarainynight.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
2.Istillrememberthebignamesinthestories____mymothertoldmewhenIwasyoung.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.where

五年高考
A组全国高考题组
1.Imadeapromisetomyself______thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
名词性从句—同位语从句
C
that引导同位语从句,在从句中不做句子成分,补充说明同位语promise的内容。
2.34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever
连词用法。
C
介词for后面加的是宾语从句,且从句中find缺少宾语,所以用whatever,选C项
3.Scientistsstudy____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
B
本题考查名词性从句。
句意为:科学家研究人类大脑是如何工作以制造出电脑的。根据句意,故答案选B。
4.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.that
D
考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。
it作形式主语,真正的主语为thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。且that在句中无意义,并不充当任何成分。
5.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthemeetingwouldbepostponed.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
名词性从句-同位语从句
B
句意为:会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来。空格后的句子是解释说明名词thenotice,作同位语从句,在从句中不做任何成分,所以用that引导。
6.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but
hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
B
首先把插入语generallyspeaking删掉,选择B.本题考查名词性从句,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
考查名词性从句。
7.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.which
C.thatD.what
D
此处it是形式主语,what引导的是主语从句,作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意:总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。
考查主语从句的连接词。
8.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
A.howB.whether
C.whatD.why
B
此处it是形式主语,后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语,whether...or…意为:是…还是…都行。句意:在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。
考查主语从句的连接词。
9.Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
本句考查连词的辨析
C
首先本句考查的关键短语是promisesbsth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会,不定式做chance的定语,然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyonewho,这样句子就很清晰了,所以划分句子成分非常关键,以前考察whoever都是做状语,而本题考查的是作promise的宾语,挺新颖的。
B组2008-全国高考题组
1.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
B
考察名词性从句中的主语从句。
句意:这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知答案为A,此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。
2.Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.
A.whatB.ifC.howD.that
D
考查名词性从句中的同位语从句。
句意为:证据表明,所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构,从句中不错成分,故用关联词that。
3.Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishesanything.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why
D
考查表语从句。
句义:我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家,那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whichis..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。
4.Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
C
考察宾语从句和主语从句。
村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what。
5.Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A.thatB.howC.whenD.why
A
考查主语从句。
句意:这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。
6.Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.
A.thatB.howC.whoD.what
D
考查名词性从句。
句意为:他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。本题考查动词短语makeout引起的的宾语从句,该空在宾语从句中作express的宾语,表示事物,故选择D项。That在宾语从句中不作句子成分;how作方式状语;who作主语,指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
7.—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?
—OK,youwant.
A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever
C
本题考查引导词。
句意:“这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的?”“好啊,按你的意思吧!”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。
8.Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
B
本题考查主语从句的引导词。
根据句意:尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”,还原主语从句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect。故选择what,形容词“什么样的”,起修饰作用。
9.-Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?
-Noproblem.
A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what
B
考查同位语从句。
——你能到机场接我吗?——没问题。答案B。
10.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request___theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
A
考查宾语从句。
我们应当考虑下学生们的要求:学校图书馆能多提供些关于科普方面的书。考查同位语从句。从句句子结构完整,因此用that引导。答案A。
11.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
A
考查宾语从句。
句中的from缺少宾语,what既引导了宾语从句,又充当了speak的宾语。
12.isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.
A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
B
考查主语从句。
分析题干结构“isknowntousall”是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。如果选it,需去掉all后的is;如果选as;需去掉isthat。
三年模拟
A组全国模拟题组
1.(浙江省部分重点中学高三第二学期3月联考试题,13)Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper.
A.what;whatB.that;that
C.what;thatD.that;had
2.(浙江省苍南县树人中学高三第一次月考试题,29)Wasitinthegarden______weusedtoworkin______thefamousactorsandactresseshadapicnic?
A.that;whereB.which;thatC.where;thatD.which;where
3.(浙江省慈溪中学高三10月月考,18)Anadvertisementisusefulin_______itletscustomersknowofthekindsofgoodsintheshops.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether
4.(浙江省岱山县大衢中学高三12月月考,7)Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavenotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,________theyhavetheinterest.
A.whereverB.wheneverC.evenifD.asif
5.(浙江省东阳市南马高中高三下学期入学考试,11)______issurprisingisthattherearesomanyChineserestaurantsinToronto.
A.ItB.ThatC.SuchD.What
6.(浙江省奉化市第二中学高三上学期第三次月考,17)Ican’tunderstandishewantstochangehismind.
A.That,whatB.That,whyC.What,whatD.What,why
7.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考教学质量检测,12)
—NexttimeyouareinNewYork,camandvisitus,willyou?
—I’dliketoseeyouconvenient.
A.whateverB.whereverC.howeverD.whenever
8.(浙江省六校联盟高三第一次联考,9)ThenationalspiritslikebraveheartsshowedinthefilmTheFlowersofWarare______deeplymovedtheaudience.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who
9.(浙江省宁波市高三上学期期末试题,3)
—Haveyoufinishedthebook?
—NO.Ivereadupto_______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which
10.(浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考适应性考试(3月),15)
--What’syouridea?[
--Myopinionis_________happens,weshouldnotstopthereform.
A.when;whatB.that;whenC.that;whateverD.when;what
11.(浙江省瑞安中学高三上学期期末试题,10)
----Whendidthecoupledie?
----ItwasonMay12_______theearthquakehitWenchuanCounty.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
12.(浙江省余姚中学高三第一次质检,7)
—DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?
—No,that’s_____theyaremistaken.
A.whereB.whenC.inwhichD.what
B组2010-全国模拟题组
1.(杭师大附中2010学年高三年级第三次月考,6)Arewardof$1,000willbegiventocanprovideanycluestothecasewhichhasbeeninvestigatedbythepolicefornearlyhalfayear.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.who
2.(浙江省杭州市高三第一次高考科目教学质量检测,8)Iwishtherewasmoreinformationaboutcaloriesinrestaurants.Itwouldmakeiteasierformetoknowtoeat.
A.howB.whatC.whenD.where
3.(浙江省杭州市长河高中高三第二次模拟考试,15)Actually,workshardcanbetheywanttobe,whetheritisapilot,anengineeroramanager.
A.anyone;whoeverB.nomatterwho;whoever
C.whoever;nomatterwhatD.whoever;whatever
4.(浙江省金华市艾青中学高三模拟考试2,11)OurnewscienceteachercomesfromeitherNewYorkorWashington.ButIcan’tremember_______.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
5.(浙江省金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校高三联考,13)
--I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
--Well,maybe_____isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyouread______counts.
A.this;itB.that;whichC.there;oneD.it;that
6.(浙江省嵊州二中高三12月月考,18)
—Mum,whydoyoukeepstaringatme?HaveIdoneanythingwrong?
—Youlookstupid!Thewayyouaredressedis________annoysmemost.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
7.(菱湖中学学年第一学期高三英语期中考试,30)Theyaskedtheteacher_____________.
A.whenwilltheyhavetheexamB.whenwewouldhavetheexam
C.whentheywouldhavetheexamD.whenwouldtheyhavetheexam
8.(浙江省瑞安中学高三暑期总结性测试,18)
—I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.
—Well,maybeisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it
9.(浙江省海盐县元济高级中学高三第一次摸底考试,29)______hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.
A.HoweverB.WheneverC.WhereverD.Whatever
10.(浙江省杭州高级中学高三上学期第一次月考14)Todayimpressionistpaintingsareacceptedasthebeginningof______wecall“modernart”.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how

高考英语名词性从句语法复习


一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考英语名词性从句语法复习》,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

高中英语语法之名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词:that(无任何词意)whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,whichever,whomever
连接副词:when,where,how,why,howmany,howmuch,howoften
不可省略的连词:
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
比较:whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"ornot"
Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。
Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.
二.主语从句
1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It+be+名词+that从句(2)It+be+形容词+that从句(3)It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句(4)It+不及物动词+that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…
2、第一部分:常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制。
(1)Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
(2)Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
(3)Whowillbeourmonitorhasntbeendecidedyet.
(4)Whomwemuststudyforisaquestionofgreatimportance.
(5)Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.
(6)Whateveryoudidisright.
(7)Whothewatchbelongstowaslostisunknown.
(8)Whatweneedistime.
(9)Whatweneedaregooddoctors.
小结:(1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分:为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末
(1)Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
(2)Itistruethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.
(3)Itisverylikelythattheywillholdameeting.
(4)Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.
(5)Itisimportantthatweallshouldattendthemeeting.
(6)Itisstrangethatthemanshouldhavestucktohissillyideas.
(7)Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.
(8)Itisstillamysterywhatcausedtheaccident.
(9)Itissaidthathehasgonetoshanghai.(=Heissaidtohavegonetoshanghai)
(10)ItisknowntoallthatthegunpowderwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.
(11)Itissuggestedthattheworkshouldbedonewithgreatcare.
(12)Itseemsthathehasseenthefilm.(=Heseemstohaveseenthefilm)
(13)Ithappenedthatthetwocheatswerethere.(=Thetwocheatshappenedtobethere)
小结:(1)以that引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导.Itis+形容词/名词/某些动词ed+that从句.(2)在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气(should+do/should+havedone)例句4,5,6,11.
3、主语从句的用法
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
2.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
(2)itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)it+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
(4)itis+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…
3.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid,(reported)…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.
(3)Ithappens…,Itoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?
4.What与that在引导主语从句时的区别
What引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.
三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。
Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ornot”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他来还是不来。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheveryday.(从句用一般现在时)
hestudiedEnglishlastterm.(从句用一般过去时)
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.(从句用一般将来时)
hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.(从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。
Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。
6.时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
7.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词:连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear他告诉我他明年上大学.
Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词:连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词:连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
8.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.
Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.
Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.
开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
9.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
10.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我确信我会通过考试.
IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
11.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。)⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
12.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
1.当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;2.当宾语从句较长时;3.当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;4.当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;5.当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;6.当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;7.当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;8.当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;9.当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;10.在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
13.宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能说成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
14.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
四、表语从句
1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。例如:
Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’sjustwhatIwant.这正是我想要的。
Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。
Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.
whether可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
2、简介
定义:A表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么[1]样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Theproblemispuzzling.这问题令人困惑
主语连系动词形容词作表语
Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.
主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
B连接表语从句的连接词有:that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how.
Hehasbecomeateacher.他已经成为一名教师。
Hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago.他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
Shehasremainedthereforanhour.她曾在那里停留了一个小时。
ShehasremainedwhereIstoodyesterdayforanhour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。
Hissuggestionisgood.他的建议是好的。
Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。
Thequestionisconfusing.这个问题令人困惑.
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.问题是,他什么时候可以到达酒店。
whowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。
whyhecriedyesterday.昨天他为什么哭。
howIcanpersuadehertojoinusintheparty.我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。
whethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.是否敌人正向我们行进.
注意:
A表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.
Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外)。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether
引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether
False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
Dthat在表语从句中不可以省掉。
3、基本用法
表语从句只能置于主句之后,而主句的动词只能是联系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句,例如:Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)//ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)//WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)//ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)//Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意:“Thatiswhy...”是常用句型,意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结,又如:Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮,这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来进行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。
下面是两个与“Thatiswhy...”形式相似的结构,它们与“Thatiswhy...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚:
(1)“Thatiswhy...”与“Thatisthereasonwhy...”同义,只不过从语法结构上讲,“Thatisthereasonwhy...”中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的thereason去掉则与“Thatiswhy...”结构一样,例如:Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“Thatisbecause...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“Thatisbecause...”与“Thatiswhy...”之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...”指原因或理由,“Thatiswhy...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果,第二句话说明原因)
Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明结果)
五、同位语从句
1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么时候回来。
ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
2、简介
同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)如:
lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如:
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
六、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:Thatsheisstillaliveisherluck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
Itsapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a.It+be+形容词+that-从句
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明显……
b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句
Itisbelievedthat… 人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 众所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已决定……
c.It+be+名词+that-从句
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常识Itisasurprisethat… 令人惊奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事实是……
d.It+不及物动词+that-从句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
七、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语:Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:Inonesownhomeonecandowhatonelikes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语:MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:Imnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo. 
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob. 还没决定谁做这项工作。
Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if,whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同,例如:
主语:Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语:Shesdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语:Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…ornot构成,例如:
Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:
例8Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
2、在whether……ornot的固定搭配中。如:
例9Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
3、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ireallydon’tknow.这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
九、否定转移
1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
IdontthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。
Idontbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
Ihopeyouwerentill.我想你没有生病吧。
2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。
Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3)有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
Idontrememberhavingeverseensuchaman. 
我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)
Itsnotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatmansyoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty. (否定状语manyweeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
十、高考热点透视
1.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET1995)
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:ThatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguageisafact.
2.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3.Heasked____foraviolin.(MET1992)
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A.however和D.whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
6.______leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(MET1988)
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于anypersonwho或Thepersonwho,意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非连词,不能引导从句,况wholeavestheroomlast意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A.Anyone或B.Theperson,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.(Shanghai1995)
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
8.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
----Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C,D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9.Istillremember______thisusedtobeaquietvillage.(NMET1993)
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C,D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。usedtobe表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?(2001春季招生)
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
11.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.
A.whileB.thatCwhenD.as(2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact,news,promise,possibility,information,doubt,message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12.—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem.—Yes,itcouldbe.
—Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.(北京2002春季)
A、ifB、howC、whatD、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。
十一、专项考点练习
1.________thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.
A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsays
答案A:句型Itissaidthat+主语从句。类似的还有Itisbelievedthat……etc
2._____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.
A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
答案A:观察此从句中缺少主语,而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
3.ItworriedMaryalot_____shewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.
A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how
4.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike_____itusedtobe.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
5.____isnopossibility______Bobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whether
6.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehaddonethedaybefore.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.where
7.Theoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowpretty_____uptobeduringthepastfewyears.
A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrow
C.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown
8.HaveyouseenMarylately?Mybosswantstoknow_______.
A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalong
C.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong
9.____surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.
A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what
10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.
A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whichever
11._____helpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theperson
12.Eat_____youlikeandleavetheothersfor_____comesinlate.
A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoever
13.____shecouldn’tunderstandwas_____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that
14.Itwas____hesaid___disappointedme.
A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what
15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers_______tothefront.
A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgo
16.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin______,but_______.
A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegive
C.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive
17.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_______.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoff
18.Goandgetyourcoat.Its____youleftit.
A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere
19.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.
A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho
20.Youcan’timagine______whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
Keys:1---5AAAAA6---10CDABA11----15CCAAC16---20BAACB
名词性从句练习(一)
1.Hissuccesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idontknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromB.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefromD.whatcityshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.ThereasonwhyIdidntgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgot
5.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
6.Henrykilledthedog.Illaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdoneso
7.HaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalongB.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalongD.whatishegettingalong
8.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitis
10.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhat
11.Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.
A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbee
12.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcosts
13.Maryis________someonemightrecognizeher.
A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.Owingtoafewminuteslate
C.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate
15.Theycametotheconclusion________byacomputer.
A.thatnotallthingscanbedoneB.becauseofnotallthingsbedone
C.beingnotallthingscanbedoneD.becausenotallthingscanbedone
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.that
17.Idontdoubt________hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasit
19.Outputisnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhich
20.Mary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshesnowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:Yes.Becauseshesalwayssaved________.
A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which
22.Wegavehim________helpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.this
23.Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthat
24.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplaceB.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobeginD.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
25.Doyouhappentoknow________
A.whatsizeshoeshewearsB.howbigshoeshewears
C.whatisthesizeofhisshoesD.whatnumbershoesarehis
26.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobservedB.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved
27.Wheredoyouthink________
A.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.hesgoneD.washe
28.Doyouknow________
A.howmanypopulationsthereareintheworldB.howmuchpopulationthereisintheworld
C.howmanythepopulationoftheworldisD.whatthepopulationoftheworldis
29.Wouldyougoandsee________outsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeen
30.Thesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
A.WhodoyouthinkheisB.Doyouthinkwhoheis
C.WhomdoyouthinkheisD.Doyouthinkwhoheis
32.Hedidntknowwhichroom________.
A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein
33.Thelittleboyate________hismothergavehim.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhat
34.Thecityisnolonger________.
A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobe
35.Myparentsused________theyhadtogetanewcarforme.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhat
36.______wegoswimmingeveryday_____usalotofgood.
A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
A.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
A.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where
39.Oneofthemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat
40.Ihavenoidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatheris
42.Isthis________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
A.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhich
43.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
44.Weallknowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwherever
45.Theydiscussed_______theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothershelp.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether
46.Sheasked________.
A.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupB.whatwasIdoingwhensherangmeup
C.whensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingD.whendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering-Youcantake_______youlike.
A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.that
48.Hesaidthathewasfondof________.
A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautiful
49.Heinsistedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,send
50.Doyouknow________heexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
51.Itsuncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
52.Theywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor
53.________istodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard
54.________theboydidnttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
55.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego
56.____wecantgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what
57.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
58.Youcantimagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
59.____wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
62._______wellfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrowsmeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
64._______hewontgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
68.Threedayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
69.Theproblemis________willgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who
70.Itlooks_______itweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like
71.Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
72.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
73.Wethought_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what
74.Thefact_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how
75.WhatImconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was
76.Canyoutellme__________A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
78.Itiswellknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.how
79.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
80.Jackwassoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhat
81.Weshouldthinkcarefullyabout________Mr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.X
82.Canyoupointout________tworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whether
83.Youwilleasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.
A.whatthoseB.thatofthoseC.thatallofD.whichofthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesntmatter.
A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.When
85.IaskedherinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasanactress.
A.who…thatB.who…XC.what…XD.how…that
86.Shetookitforgranted________Idbebackhomeanhourago.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
87.Wethinkitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousingproblem.
A.forB.thatC.whenD.how
88.Nowthereisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
A.whetherB.ifC.XD.that
89.AtthattimeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
A.ifB.howC.whichD.thathow
90.LastSundayhepromised________today,buthehasntappearedyet.A.thathewouldcomeB.thathewillcomeC.hewillcometoseemeD.whetherhewouldcome
91.LastSundayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
A.ifB.thatC.thatifD.whether
92.Doyouhaveanyidea________
A.whenMissSmithwillarriveB.whenwillMissSmitharrive
C.howwillMissSmitharriveD.whyhasntMissSmitharrived
93.Ihavealmostforgotten________.
A.howMr.TaylorslikeB.whatMr.Taylorsfaceislike
C.whatMr.TaylorsfaceisD.whichMr.Taylorsfaceislike
94.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
A.howyouget…thatyougiveB.whichyougotwhatyougive
C.whatyouget…whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget…whatdoyougive
95.Doyouknow________
A.whatisthisusedforB.whatthisisusedforC.whichthisisusedD.thatthisisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
A.That…thatshespokeJapanesesowellB.What…howcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
C.What…thatshespokeJapanesesowellD.That…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
A.ThatinterestsMaryreallyB.WhichreallyinterestsMary.
C.WhatreallyinterestsMaryD.WhatreallyinterestMary
98.Weweregreatlyamusedby________.
A.whatyouhavetoldusB.whichyouhadtoldusC.whatyoutoldusD.thatyoutoldus
99.Thesecomputersaredifferentfrom________.
A.thatweexpectedB.whatweexpectedC.whichwehaveexpectedD.whatweexpect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpected
C.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected
答案:
1-5.CDCDB6-10.BABCD11-15.ADCCA16-20.DABCA21-25.BBDDA26-30.BCDCC31-35.ABCDC36-40.DABBC41-45.CCDDD46-50.ACBAA51-55.CCCAD56-60.ACBBA61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD
名词性从句练习(二)
1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.A.whateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If
2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____
A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3.Energyis____makesthingwork..A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that
4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5.Thisis___theshenzhouVSpaceshiplanded.A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when
6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone
7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatientsfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat
8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.
A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleaveC./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave
9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.
A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether
10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.
A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if
11.Is_____hesaidreallytrueA.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether
12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesntmatter.
A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where
13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for
14.____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.
A.WhetherB.ThisC.whoD.If
15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If
16.____youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoD.How
17.____alltheinventionshaveincommonis____theyhavesucceeded.
A.What;whatB.That;thatC.what;thatD.That;what
18.____appearedtomethatheenjoyedthefoodverymuch.A.WhatB.ItC.AllthatD.That
19.Itiswidely______thatsmokingcancausecancer.A.believedB.thinkC.sayD.hoped
20.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where
21.____healwaysservesthepeopleverywellisknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Who
22.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.
A.WhoeverB.NomaterwhoC.WhomeverD.Who
23.Is____truethatthefamousscientistwillgiveusalecturenextweekAthatBitChisDhe
24.Ithasnotbeendecided___theywillleaveforNewYork.A.whenBwhyCthatDwhat
25.Obviously___wedomorningexerciseseveryday__usgood.
A.thatdoB.if;doCwhat;doesD.that;dose
26Itissaid________wasall___hesaid.
Athat;that;thatBwhat;what;whatCthat;which;whatDthat;that;which
27___getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
A.WhoBWhomC.ThosewhoD.Whoever
28___movedusmostwas___helikedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;thatB.What;thatCWhat;whatD.That;what
29.___youdiditisnotknowntoall.A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.Which
30.___youdoshouldbewelldone.AHowB.ThatC.WhateverDWhy
31.ThereasonIplantogois___shewillbedisappointedifIdont.
A.becauseB.thatC.thankstoD.what
32.Whattimedoyouthink__
A.willTomcomebackB.TomwillcomebackC.isTomcomingbackD.canTomgethere
33.Theteachersaidthatlight___fasterthansound.
A.HastraveledB.traveledC.hadtraveledD.travels
34..___isstillaquestion___willwin.A.It;thatB.It;whoC.That;whoD.This;that
35.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.that
36.Insomecountries,___arecalled"publicschools"arenotownedbythestate.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
37.Thinking___youknow___infactyoudontisaterriblemistake.
A.that;thatB.what;whatC.that;whatD.whatthat
38.Whetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjust___worriesthepublic.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what
39.Whydontyoubring___tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit
A.thatB.whatC.thatD.it
40.___DavidsayssoundsrighttoHelen.Thatswhyshehasmadeuphermindtoleavewithhim___happens.
A.whatever;whateverB.Nomatterwhat;whatever
C.Nomatterwhat;NomatterwhatD.Whatever;however
41.Thatis___Iwasbornandgrewup.A.ThereB.inwhichC.whereD.theplace
42.___shewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Because
43.___wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Whether
44.---Haveyoufoundyourbookyet---No,Imnotsure___Icouldhaveleftit.
A.whetherB.whereC.whenD.why
45.Thedoctorcouldntanswerthequestion___thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what
46.Ifirmlybelieve___hesaidatthemeetingwasright.
A.thatB.whichC.thatwhatD.whatthat
47.---Whatwereyoutryingtoprovetothepolice---___Iwaslastnight.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhereD.What
48.Ithink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,__helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
49.Atthemeeting,wediscussed___weshouldemploymoreworkers.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD./
50.After___seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that
51.___hasagoodeducationcanapplyforthejob.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Whoever
52.___ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.
A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What
53.___worriesmeis___weregoingtopayforallthis.
A.It;thatB.That;howC.What;howD.As;that
54.___issaidthatpaperwasinventedinChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ItD.That
55.Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat___.
A.IthoughtIwasrightB.IthoughtitwasrightC.IthoughtwasrightD.Iwasthoughtrighty
56.Themanagerhasdecidedtoput___hethinkisenergetic,clever,andhasgoodsenseofduty
inthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.
A.thosewhoB.anyoneC.whomeverD.whoever
57.ScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberia
and___moretan10,000yearsago.
A.thisisAlaskaB.AlaskaisnowAlaskaC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaska
58.Pleasetellme___youwouldliketohaveyourcoffee---blackorwhite
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.how
59.Mymotherasked___withme.
A.whatwasthewrongB.whatthematterwasC.whatmatterwasD.whatwasthematter
60.Someofthescientistsheldthepoint___thebooksaidwasright.
A.whatwhatB.whatwhatC.thatthatD.thatwhat
答案:
1-5ABABC6-10AABAC11-15BBCAB16-20BCBAA21-25BABAD26-30ADBCC31-35BBDBC36-40DCDDA41-45CBBBC46-50CCCBC51-55BDCCC56-60DDDDD

高考英语备考定语从句


2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)定语从句

一、考点聚焦
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
关系副词:when,where,why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,从句都用as引导。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuch
lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame…that…引导定语从句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上:as从句可置句首,也可在另处。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地点=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that/who不是引导词。
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks
inthematch.(句中one为先行词)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
解析:答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
解析:答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
解析:答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
4.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
解析:答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立句子应是mystudentsactedintheplay。所以应选inwhich,其余介词不妥。
5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
解析:答案为A。本题考地点状语从句,用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句,排除C,本题易被误认为考定语从句,意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers,也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句,但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语,不缺主语、宾语,故不可用。
6.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
解析:答案为A。本题考定语从句,关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立句子应是:Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days,故选ofwhich。

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