语法复习三:名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
1、连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which。有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2、连接副词:when,where,why,how。有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3、连接词:that,whether,if,asif。that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
(二)主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2、用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn’tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3、that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
(三)表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
(四)宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2、介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether。
e.g.I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework..
I’minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解,就要用whether。
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether。
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
(五)同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
练习:名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:
1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.
3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.
5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.
7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.
8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.
9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?
10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.
2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.
3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.
4.____________weneedismoretime.
5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.
6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.
7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.
8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?
9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?
10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.
三、选择填空:
1.Doyousee_____Imean?
A.thatB./C.howD.what
2.Tellme_____isonyourmind.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why
3.Wemuststickto_____wehaveagreedon.
A.whatB.thatC./D.how
4.Letmesee_____.
A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whether-Icanrepairtheradio
C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio
5.Keepinmind_____.
A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay
C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid
6.Couldyouadviseme_____?
A.whichbookshouldIreadfirstB.whatbookshouldIreadfirst
C.thatbook1shouldreadfirstD.whichbookIshouldreadfirst
7.Hewascriticizedfor_____.
A.hehaddoneitB.whathehaddoneC.whathadhedoneD.thathehaddoneit
8.Wouldyoukindlytellme_____?
A.howcanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
B.howIcangettotheBeijingRailwayStation
C.wherecanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
D.whethercanIgettotheBeijingRailwayStation
9.Mrs.Smithwasverymuchimpressedby_____.
A.whathadsheseeninChinaB.thatshehadseeninChina
C.whatshehadseeninChinaD.whichhadsheseeninChina
10.Wetookitforgranted___
A.thattheywerenotcomingB.thatweretheynotcoming
C.theywerecomingnotD.weretheynotcoining
11.Ireallydontknow_____
A.IshoulddonextB.whatshouldIdonext
C.whatIshoulddonextD.howIshoulddonext
12.Imafraid_____.
A.thelittlegirlwillhavetobeoperatedon
B.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetooperateon
C.thelittlegirlwillhavetooperateon
D.thatwillthelittlegirlhavetobeoperatedon
13.Shewalkedupto_____.
A.wheredidIstandB.whereIstood
C.IstoodthereD.whereIstoodthere
14.Canyoutellme_____?
A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanisD.whom.isthatgentleman
15.Wellgiveyou_____.
A.thatdoyouneedB.whatdoyouneed
C.whateveryouneedD.whetherdoyouneed
16.Theywantustoknow_____tohelpus.
A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey
17.Wemustput_____intopractice.
A.whatwehavelearnedB.thatwehavelearned
C.thathavewelearnedD.whathavewelearned
18.Didshesayanythingabout_____?
A.thattheworkwastobedoneB.howwastheworktobedone
C.thatwastheworktobedoneD.howtheworkwastobedone
19.Hewasneversatisfiedwith_____.
A.whatshehadachievedB.hadwhatsheachieved
C.shehadachievedD.thatsheachieved
20.Thesephotographswillshowyou_____.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike
21.Peterinsisted_____hepaythebill.
A.onthatB.whatC.thatD.onwhich
22.Theyurged_____thelibraryopenduringthevacation.
A.whenB.whereC.whyD.that
23.Wewishwecouldhavelearned_____whenwewereathighschool.
A.whatyoudidB.thatyouhaddone
C.thatwhatyoudidD.whatdidyoudo
24.1willdescribetoyou_____Isawwhenthere.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD./
25.From_____Ishouldsayheisagoodworker.
A.what1knowofhimB.thatIdoknowofhim
C.whatdoIknowofhimD.thatdoIknowofhim
26.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto__wantstohaveit.
A.whomeverB.anyoneC.whoeverD.someone
27._____theywillcomeherehasntbeendecidedyet.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhenD.Where
28._____wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
A.WhoB.ThethingC.WhateverD.Where
29.Itisstillaquestion_____weshallhaveoursportsmeet.
A.ifB.thatC.whatD.when
30.Imgoinganyway._____shewillgoisuptohertodecide.
A.IfornotB.WhetherornotC.IfD.That
31.Itisstrange_____shehaveleftwithoutsayingaword.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
32.Itisveryclear_____ourpolicyisacorrectone.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.where
33._____MrZhangsaidisquiteright.
A.ThatB.WhenC.WhatD.Whether
34.Ithasbeendecided_____hewillbesentthere.
A.ifB.whetherC.whyD.that
35.Itdoesntmatter_____hescomebackornot.
A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when
36.Itsagreatpity_____wewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.
A.whenB.thatC.whyD.where
37.Ithappened_____Iwasnttherethatday.
A.whenB.whyC.whereD.that
38._____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Thethings
39._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoftthelights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
40._____the2000OlympicGameswontbeheldinBeijingisknowntoall.
A.WhetherB.IfC.WheneverD.That
41._____failstoseethiswillmakeabigmistake.
A.ThatB.WhoeverC.WhetherD.Whetherornot
42.__weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.
A.WhatB.WhetherC.ThatD.Whatever
43.Hasitbeenannounced_____?
A.whenaretheplanestotakeoffB.thataretheplanestotakeoff
C.wherearetheplanestotakeoffD.whentheplanesaretotakeoff
44.Thatis_____weallsupporthisidea.
A.whatB.whyC.whereD.when
45.That’s_____weshoulddo.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
46._____istroublingmeis_____Idon’tunderstand_____hesaid
A.What;that;whatB.What;what;what
C.That;that;whatD.Why;that;which
47.Thingswerenot_____theyseemedtobe.
A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what
48.That’s_____Iwanttosay.
A.allwhatB.whatC.allwhichD.whatthat
49.That’s_____.
A.whereourdifferenceslieB.ourdifferencesliethere
C.wheredoourdifferenceslieD.thatwhereourdifferenceslie
50.Thatis_____.
A.wherelivedhethereB.wheredidhelive
C.wherehelivedD.thatwherehelived
51.Thequestionsis_____.
A.whetherisitworthdoingB.thatifitisworthdoing
C.whetheritisworthdoingD.ifitisworthdoing
52.Waterwillcontinuetobe_____itistodaynextinimportancetooxygen.
A.howB.whichC.whatD.as
53.Thats_____.
A.howdidIbecomeateacherB.howIbecameateacher
C.howateacherIbecameD.thatIbecameateacher
54.Theyarejust_____.
A.thatwhatshallIhaveB.whatshallIhave
C.thatIshallhavewhatD.whatIshallhave
55.Itlooked____.
A.asifitwasgoingtorainB.thatasifitwasgoingtorain
C.asifwasitgoingtorainD.asifthatitwasgoingtorain
56.Thats_____.
A.howshediditB.thathowdidshedoit.
C.howdidshedoitD.whatshedidit
57.Thatis_____wedecidedtoputthediscussionoff.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.why
58.That’s_____IlivedwhenIwastenyearsold.
A.whereB.atwhichC.therewhereD.when
59.Mysuggestionis_____weshouldsendafewcomradestohelpthem.
A.ifB.thatC.whenthatD.thatwhere
60.Theidea_____allpeopleareselfishiswrong.
A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
61.Weheardthenews_____ourteamhadwon.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.why
62.Thefact_____hehadn’tsaidanythingsurprisedusall.
A.whyB.ifC.thatD.whether
63.Ihavenoidea_____shewillbeback.
A.thatB.whereC.thatwhenD.when
64.Wemustkeepinmindthefact_____Chinaisstilladevelopingcountry.
A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when
65.Theyhavenoideaatall_____.
A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego
C.wherehashegoneD.whichplacehehasgone
参考答案
语法复习三:名词性从句
一、1、表语从句;2、同位语从句;3、不是;4、主语从句;5、同位语从句;6、不是;7、表语从句;8、宾语从句;9、不是;10、宾语从句
二、1.which;2.why;3.how;4.What;5.that;6.when,where;7.who(m);8.what;9.where;10.whether
三、1~5DBABD6~10DBBCA11~15CABCC16~20BADAB21~25CDAAA
26~30CCCDB31~35ABCDB36~40BDACD41~45BCDBB46~50ADBAC
51~55CCBDA56~60ADABB61~65ACDBA
俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。教师要准备好教案,这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《高考英语备考名词性从句》,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。
2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)名词性从句
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。[ks5u.com]
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
4.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknowI’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.
A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how
解析:答案为C。考查宾语从句连词用法,由结构sb.beuptosth.可知,应选what作介词to的宾语。
5.Wecannotfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.
A.thatB.asC.whyD.when
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
6.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiredoiswalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what。
语法讲解:名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which.有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
2.连接副词:when,where,why,how.有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。
3.连接词:that,whether,if,asif.that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略;if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分。
注意:连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
二、主语从句
1.主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g.Whowillgoisnotimportant.
2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末。
e.g.Itdoesn‘tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.
3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略。
e.g.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.
三、表语从句
1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后。
e.g.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.
2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g.Myideais(that)wecangetmorecomradestohelpinthework.
四、宾语从句
1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g.Ihope(that)everythingisallright.
2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether.
e.g.Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework……
Iminterestedinwhatyouvesaid.
3.whether与if都可以引导宾语从句,常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
(1)宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether.
e.g.Iwonderifitdoesntrain.
(2)用if会引起误解,就要用whether.
e.g.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解)
(3)宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换。
e.g.Idontknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idontknowwhether/ifthereportistrueornot.
(4)介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if.但引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
Theydontknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
五、同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词(如:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise等)之后,说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
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