介词?
(一)知识概要?
介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬。?
介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他
about大约在……时间?aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远?aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及?
talkaboutyou
above高出某一平面?
abovesealevel
across横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet
after在……之后?
aftersupper
跟……后面?
oneafteranother
追赶
runafteryou
against背靠逆风?
againstthewall,againstthewind
反对?
beagainstyou
among三者以上的中间?
amongthetrees
at在某时刻?
atten
在小地点?
attheschoolgate
表示速度?
athighspeed
向着,对着?
atme
before在……之前?
beforelunch
位于……之前?
sitbeforeme
behind位于……之后?
behindthetree
below低于……水平?
belowzero
不合格?
belowthestandard
by到……时刻,在……时刻之前
?byfiveoclock
紧挨着?
sitebysite
乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?
wasmadebyus
during在……期间duringtheholidays
for延续多长时间?
forfiveyears
向……去?
leaveforShanghai为了,对于
begoodforyou
from从某时到……某时?frommorningtillnight来自何方?
fromNewYork
由某原料制成bemadefrom
来自何处?
whereareyoufrom
in在年、月、周较长时间内?inaweek在里面?
intheroom
用某种语言?inEnglish穿着
inred
into进入……里面?
walkinto
除分?
divideinto
变动?
turnintowater
near接近某时?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark
of用某种原料制成?
bemadeof
属于……性质?
amapofU.S.A
on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?
onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于?abookonPhysics
over渡过一整段时间?workovernight在上方
overthedesk
超过,高于?overfivepairs
past超过某一时刻?
tenpastfive
经过某地?
walkpastthepark
since从某时以来?
since1980
原因?
Sinceyouwereill
through经过某一时期?throughhislife通过、穿过某地?
throughtheforest
till?until直到某时为止?tillfiveoclock
to差多少时间?
fivetoten
问,到,去往?
toShanghai
面对面?
facetoface
给予giveabooktome
under在……下面?
underthedesk
少于?
underten
在……管制之下undertherule
with用某种工具?withapen带着,具有
withme
without没有?
withoutair
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?
[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?
[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。
[误]Dontsleepatdaytime??
[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?
[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?
[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?
[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?
[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?
[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??
[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??
[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?
[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?
[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?
[析]在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?
[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?
[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?
[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYearsDay?
[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?
[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?
[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。?
[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?
[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.
[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。?
[误]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[析]On加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)?
[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.
[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.
[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终,终于"之意。?
[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?
[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?
[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?
[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态
[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?
[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?
[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。?
[误]Threedaysafterhedied.?
[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?
[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?
[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后。?
[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?
[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?
[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?
[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?
[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?
[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.?
[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?
[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?
[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?
[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.?
[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?
[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?
[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?
[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailorsshop(裁缝店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在书店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)
[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??
[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??
[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。?
[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。
[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光?"在……的路上"应用ononesway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。
[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?
[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor。?
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?
[析]getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?
[误]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.
[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.
[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?
[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?
[析]over还有一意为"跨越,横跨"。?
[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?
[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?
[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。
[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?
[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?
[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?
[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思:①横过,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?
[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?
[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?
[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?
[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??
[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??
[析]beside是"在……旁边",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。?
[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??
[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?
[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?
[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?
[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。?bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicycle?
byship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabus?
byplane=onaplane
byair空运
byland陆运?
bysea海运
onfootonhorseback?
byphonebyletterbyradio?
byairmailbyhand?
[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?
[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?
[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?
[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?
[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?
[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。?
[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?
[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。?
[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?
[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?
[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。?
[误]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?
[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?
[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?
[误]Hewasgoodforskating.?
[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?
[析]begoodat为"擅长某事",而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。?
[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[析]这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?
[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?
[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?
[误]Heisagreewithme.?
[正]Heagreeswithme.?
[误]Heagainstsme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?
[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?
[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?
[析]hearfrom即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??
[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??
[析]作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点,如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?
[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??
[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??
[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)?
[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?
[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?
[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?
[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?
[析]becauseof后接名词,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?
(三)例题解析?
1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?
-Notatall.?
A?inB?onC?atD?for?
[答案]D.?
[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?
2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??
A?byB?inC?withD?from
[答案]B.?
[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.
A?after,of,inB?at,of,inC?after,in,onD?at,of,on?
[答案]D.?
[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。?
4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?
A?atB?inC?onD?to
[答案]C.?
[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?
5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?
A?offB?nearC?onD?between
[答案]C.?
6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?
A?toB?inC?withD?about
[答案]C.?
[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。?
7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?
-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?
A?inB?atC?onD?for
[答案]C.?
8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??
A? toB? atC? withD? for
[答案]D.?
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool
9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??
A? forB? atC? inD? after
[答案]C.?
[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?
10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??
A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989
C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?
[答案]B.?
[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。?
11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp?
A? withoutB? underC? forD? with
[答案]A.?
[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily?
而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp??
12? Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses??
A? byB? throughC? onD? in
答案]B.?
[析]through为穿过……。?
13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??
A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to
[答案]C.?
[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??
A? onB? inC? fromD? at
[答案]A.?
[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。?
15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??
A? inB? onC? atD? with
?[答案]A.?
[析]inline为排队。?
16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??
AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof?
[答案]A.?
[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合?
17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork??
A? inB? onC? aboutD? with
[答案]D.?[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。?
18? JohnhitJack___face??
A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis
[答案]B.?
[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?
19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978??A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?
[答案]D.?[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??
A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for
[答案]B.?
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。
21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??
A? underB? forC? withoutD? from
[答案]C.?
22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___her?
A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for
[答案]B.?
[析]shoutat为"冲某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"?
23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?
A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of
[答案]A.?[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。?
24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??
A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between
[答案]B.?[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。?
25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949?
A? withB? onC? sinceD? in
[答案]D.?
[析]在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。?
26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??
A? inB? afterC? onD? at
[答案]B.?
[析]这句话应译为:几天之后Mr? Black到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。?
27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??
-Yes,hehas??
A? fromB? withC? onD? in?
[答案]C.?[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。?
28? Youmaydepend___him? Heis___honestman
A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the
[答案]C.?
[析]dependon为"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不发音。?
29? ___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??
A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For
[答案]B.?[析]Toonesjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"?
30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?
A? forB? atC? upD? after
[答案]C.?
[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。?
31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in
[答案]B.?
[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree?
而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。?
32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
?A.inB.byC.onD.at
[答案]B.?
[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
?[答案]D.?[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。
?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
?[答案]C.?[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。
?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
?[答案]C.?[析]attheageof在几岁时。
?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.
?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
?[答案]C.
?[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37?Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.
?A.onB.inC.atD.of
?[答案]A.
?[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
?A.toB.onC.inD.about
?[答案]C.?[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。
?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.?
A.inB.onC.forD.with?[答案]D.
?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
?A.inB.withC.forD.on?[答案]A.
中考英语二轮复习讲练介词
有关介词的考点:
(一)in+时间段。“…之后”用于将来时对提问howsoon
1.Hewillfinishhishomeworkinanhour.He’llcomebackaweek.
A.fromB.atC.afterD.in
2.MrBrownhasgonetooCanada.Hewillbebacktwoweeks.
A.forB.afterC.inD.at
(二)介词on表时间时,表示具体某天或某天的上午、下午、晚上。
例:onaSundayday;Onawarmmorning;OnTeachers’Day;OnSeptember1st。
1.IwasbornApril20,1985thenorthChina.
A.in,in,ofB.on,in,ofC.in,on,ofD.on,on,in
2.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveParisthemorningofJuly9.
A.at,inB.in,onC.in,inD.at,in
(三)since+时间点,for+时间段或since+过去时的句子。
注意sincefor是现在完成时标志,对其提问用howlong。
1.Whatbadweatherwehave?Ithasrainedthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.onB.inC.sinceD.at
2.HowlonghaveyoubeenhereinSydney?lastWednesday,Itwodaysbeforeyou.A.since,arrivedB.on,havebeenC.since,wentD.on,havearrived
3.Howlonghaveyouthebook?Fortwoweeks.
A.haveB.hadC.buyD.borrow
4.IhavetheArmy(军队)since1990.A.joinedB.beeninC.joinedin
(四)not…until直到…才(主句只能够动词用终止性动词)
until单独用时主语用持续性动词。例:Hedidn’tgotobeduntil11o’clocklastnight.
Theboywaitedforhismotheruntilshecameback.
1.LastnightIwatchedthefootballmatchanddidn’tgotobed12o’clock.
A.whenB.untilC.asD.while
(五)usedtodo过去常常做beusedtodoing习惯于做…
人+usesthfordoing=人+use+sthtodo
→被动态:物+beusedfordoing=物+beusedtodo.
1.Whatisawritingbrush,doyounow?It’susedwritinganddrawing.
A.withB.toC.forD.by
Beusedby+人被某人用:
1.Englishiswidelyusedtravelersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.
A.toB.forC.asD.by
(六)across在物体表面穿过。through指在物体内部穿过
1.You’dbettergotheforest.It’sthenearestway.
A.crossB.acrossC.throughD.driver
2.Youmustbecarefulwhenyougotheroad.
(七)but,except,besides区别:
①but除了,前面经常有nothing,hardly等表示否定的词;
②except不包括其后部分;
③besides除了包括其后部分。
1.Where’sLily?Weareallhereher.A.besidesB.aboutC.exceptD.with
2.MaryknowGermanFrenchandEnglish.A.besidesB.andC..exceptD.of
基础知识:
(一)表示时间的介词:at,in.on,since,for,during,by,before,after,until,
1.at表示具体的时间点;atsixo’clockAtfive
常用词组:atthistimeofday在每天的这个时候;atnoon,atnight,attheageof,atleast至少,atpresent目前,atschool上学,attheendof①在…未②在…尽头
2.in用于年、月、季节(较长时间)in2004,inSeptember,inspring,inthemoring。
常用词组:inEnglish,infact事实上,infrontof,inthefrontof,inhospital住院,inpublic当众,inclass在课堂上,ingoodhealth身体好。
3.on表示具体某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上。
4.since,for,by,during,until
注意:bytheendof+过去的时间表到…未为止,一般用于过去完成时。
Theyhadlearned3000wordsbytheendoflastterm.
(二)表示地点的介词:
1.表示方位的介词:in,on,to,in内部,on相邻,to不相邻。
BeijingisinthenorthofChina.RussiaisonthenorthofChina.
JapanistotheeastChina.
2.表示上下方位的介词:over正上方,under正下方,above,below,on
Theskyisoverourheadsandthelandisunderourfeet.
Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.
Helookedoutofthewindowandfoundsomechildrenplayingbelowthebuilding.
3.by,beside在…旁边,between…and在…中间,among在…之间。
LiLeiisstandingbythewindow.
4.靠近:near在…附近,nextto紧挨。
Thereisarailwaystationnearourschool.
Ioftenhearthegirlnexttothesingdoor.
5.byinonwith表示方式、手段或工具
bybike=onabikebycar=inacarbybus=onabus
介词词组:
inbed卧床,intime及时,ontime按时,bybus,onfoot,inEnglish,athome,atnight,atnoon,inthehospital,inhospital,withasmile面带笑容,inahurry,atfirst,bytheway,atlast,onone’swayto,inthesun,atonce,inthetree在树上,onthetree,not…atall,atthefootof,atdinner,atthetable,attable,atwork,
atschool,atthebeginning,bytrain,inthisway,attheageof,introuble,infact,intheend最后,inspace,innotime立刻,inorder按顺序,inashortwhile不久,
outofbreath上气不接下气,onduty值日,ontheleft,inpublic公众,toone’ssurprise
动词介词构成的词组:
arrivein(at),dowellin=begoodat,hearfromsb收到…信,hearofsth听说,
hear…with,agreewithsb,handin,payfor,prefersthtosth,regard…as把…看作,thanksto多亏,由于,tryon,thinkof想出,thinkabout,laughat,learnfrom,
leavefor,putup,sendfor派人去请,catchupwithsb,gotoschool,gotobed,
takecareof,lookforwardtodoing期待,comeupwith找到,提出,sayhelloto,
takeoff,turnon(off),listento,lookafter,looklike,fillwith,beginwith,
dealwith,belongto,dieof,diefrom,dependon,believein信任。
练习
1.Weshoulddosomethingtostoptheforestcuttingdown.
A.fromB.inC.byD.with
2.---Whatisthisdressmade?---Silk.It’smadeHangzhou.
A.of,inB.from,ofC.in,ofD.from,in
3.Youdon’tneedtolookeverynewwordinyourdictionary.
A.forB.atC.afterD.up
4.TheengineerwillreturnfromMacaoafewdays.
A.sinceB.inC.onD.after
5.It’simportantustolearnEnglishwell.
A.forB.ofC.toD.in
6.Meimeiisbetterthanmesinging.
A.onB.toC.atD.for
7.---Whatkindofteadoyoulike?---I’dlikeChineseteanothinginit.
A.withB.inC.onD.for
8.MissGaoisstandingallherstudents.A.betweenB.amongC.middle
9.Don’treadbed.It’sbadyoureyes.A.on,ofB.on,toC.in,for
10.---Howisitgoing?---Thankstheweather,thecropsgrowwell.
A.toB.forC.alot
11.Therearetwobottlesonthetable.Oneisfullbeerwhiletheotherisfilledwater.
A.of,ofB.with,withC.of,withD.with,of
12.JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschooltheyearof2000.
A.sinceB.inC.onD.by
13.IwasbornJuly2,andbirthdayiscomingsoon.
A.forB.atC.inD.on
14.TaiwanisapartofChina.It’sthesoutheastofourcountry.
A.toB.onC.inD.at
15.Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo?A.throughB.across
16.TheboysgreensportsshirtsarethefansofGuo’anTeam.
A.withB.inC.atD.from
17.It’sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.
A.for,ofB.of,ofC.to,forD.of,to
18.Itisclearthatfishcan’tlivewater.
A.withB.withoutC.inD.under
19.Shesentherfriendapostcardabirthdaypresent.
A.onB.asC.forD.of
20.Hehasgotachairtosit,butnobodytotalk.
A.on,toB./,withC.on,/D./,to
21.We’redoingmuchbetterEnglishourteacher’shelp.
A.in,atB.at,inC.in,withD.with,with
学生们有一个生动有趣的课堂,离不开老师辛苦准备的教案,大家应该开始写教案课件了。认真做好教案课件的工作计划,才能完成制定的工作目标!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“2015中考英语复习介词和数词考点跟踪”,但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。
第23讲 介词和数词
介 词
1.__C__theexam,wellsaygoodbyetoourdearteachers,classmatesaswellasourbeautifulschool.(2014,安徽)
A.In B.For C.AfterD.Through
2.Welcometoourhotel!Ihopeyoullhaveagoodtime__B__yourstayhere.(2012,安徽)
A.afterB.duringC.withD.since
3.Themantriedseveraltimestostartthecar,andhesucceeded__B__.(2012,安徽)
A.inthepastB.intheend
C.atfirstD.atonce
4.Ihearourteacherwillbeback__B__threeweekstime.(2011,安徽)
A.atB.inC.forD.after
5.—Look!Therearesomanypeopleinthepark.
—Nobodylikestostayathome__B__Sundaymorning.(2011,芜湖)
A.inB.onC.atD.to
6.—Whattimedoyouexpectmeback,Mum?
—Say,__C__halfanhour.(2010,安徽)
A.atB.beforeC.inD.for
7.Icouldntgetthroughthedoorbecausetherewasabigbox__D__.(2010,安徽)
A.bythewayB.ontheway
C.outofthewayD.intheway
近五年来,安徽中考试题对介词考查的频率较高,主要是介词的基本用法和介词的辨析。
学习重点应放在以下三点:
1.表时间,地点,方式等介词的用法;
2.介词短语及介词与其他词的搭配使用;
3.同义或近义介词辨析。
高频考向一 表时间的介词
①at,in,on
表示时间点用at。如:atsixoclock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。如:inMay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。如:onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。
②since,after
由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段为过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。如:
Theyhavelivedheresince1978.自从1978年,他们就住在这儿。
Afterfivedaystheboycameback.五天后这个男孩回来了。
③in,after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。对此提问用Howsoon。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。如:
Hewillbebackintwomonths.他将在两个月后回来。
Hereturnedafteramonth.他一个月后回来了。
④for,since
for可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久”,后面接时间段。since意为“自从……起”,多与完成时连用,后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。且两者作介词所描述的动作都是持续性动作,since引导从句时,主句的动作是持续性的。如:
Hehaslivedherefor2weeks.他在这儿住了两个星期了。
Hehaslivedheresince2weeksago.他两周前就住这儿了。
Itsfiveyearssinceheleftschool.他毕业五年了。
Myfriend,Susan,wasborn______September12th,1999.(2014,孝感)
A.inB.atC.onD.for
解析:在具体的某一天应用介词on。
答案:__C__
—Howlonghaveyoulivedinthenewflat?
—______2010.(2013,扬州)
A.InB.AfterC.SinceD.Before
解析:表示“自从……起”应用介词since,后常接时间点或从句。
答案:__C__
______heexam,wellsaygoodbyetoourdearteachers,classmatesaswellasourbeautifulschool.(2014,安徽)
A.InB.ForC.AfterD.Through
解析:由后半句“我们将和亲爱的老师、同学以及漂亮的学校说再见”可推断应是考试后。
答案:__C__
Mostofmyclassmateswereborn______June,1998.(2014,阜康)
A.inB.onC.atD.of
解析:月份前面应用介词in。
答案:__A__
高频考向二 表示地点和位置的介词
①at,in,on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。如:
HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.昨天他到达的上海。
Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.天黑前,他们到达了一个小村子。
Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.这个老师在墙上贴了一张画。
②over,above,on
over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。如:
Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座桥。
Weflewabovetheclouds.我们在云层上飞行。
Theyputsomeflowersontheteachersdesk.他们放了一些花在老师桌子上。
③in,on,to
从下图可以看出in表示“在某一范围之内,在……中”;on表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,即“毗邻;接壤”;to则表示两个个体之间有一段距离。如:
JapanliestotheeastofChinaintheeastofAsia.ItfacesthePacificontheeast.日本在亚洲东部(范围内),中国东面(不接壤),东临太平洋(接壤)。
④infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。如:
Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.这栋大楼前有一些高树。
Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面。
⑤across,through
across表示从物体表面通过,与on有关。
through表示通过一个空间,与in有关。如:
Theboyranacrossthestreet.这个男孩跑过了街。
Theywalkedthroughtheforest.他们穿过了森林。
⑥below,under
below“在……下”,不一定在正下方。
under“在……正下方”。如:
Thereisadogunderthedesk.书桌下有一只小狗。
Writeyournamebelowtheline.在横线下方写下你的名字。
⑦between,among
between指两者之间。
among指三者或三者以上的人或事物之间。如:
Thereisamapbetweenthedoorandthewindow.门和窗户之间有一张地图。
Heissittingamongthestudents.他坐在学生当中。
ItsreportedthatPresidentXiJinpingarrived______Moscow______March22ndtopayathreedayvisittoRussia.(2013,滨州)
A.at;onB.in;onC.at;inD.in;in
解析:句意:arriveat后接小地点,arrivein后接大地点;具体的某一天用介词on。
答案:__B__
Mr.Greensofficeis______he26thfloor.Youcantaketheliftthere.(2014,重庆)
A.atB.inC.onD.for
解析:“在几楼”应用介词on。
答案:__C__
—DidyougotoKenliduringthePeachBlossomFestival(桃花节)?
—Yes.Theflowerswerebeautiful.Beeswereflying________hem.(2013,东营)
A.inB.amongC.betweenD.through
解析:由语境可知句意为“是的,那些花很漂亮。蜜蜂在它们中间飞来飞去”。
答案:__B__
高频考向三 表示方式的介词by,with,in,on
by表示“以……方式、方法或手段”;with表示“用……工具”;in表示“用……方式、语言、语调或颜色”等;on则一般指用网络,电脑,电视,电话等。如:
HestudiesEnglishbyreadingaloudeveryday.他通过每天大声朗读学英语。
Howamazing!Theboycanwritewithhistwohandsatthesametime.真神奇!这个男孩能同时用左右手写字。
CanyouspellitinEnglish?你会用英语把它拼出来吗?
______allhispocketmoney,DanboughtapresentforhismotheronMothersDay.(2014,衢州)
A.WithB.ForC.ByD.In
解析:句意为“丹用他的所有零花钱在母亲节的时候给他的母亲买了一件礼物”,只有with可以表达“用……工具”。
答案:__A__
WhenIgotintotheroom,Suewastalking______hephone.
A.withB.onC.toD.in
解析:用电话在交谈,介词应用on。
答案:__B__
高频考向四 介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
1.动词+介词
arrivein/at到达
askfor请求
dowellin在……方面做得好
giveup放弃
prefer…to…宁愿选择……,更喜欢……
regard…as…把……看做……
thanksto幸亏,由于
thinkabout考虑
laughat嘲笑
learnfrom向……学习
leavefor出发去某地
talkto与……谈话
goinfor从事,致力于
hearabout听说
lookat(有意识地)看
speakto对……说
sendfor派人去叫,叫人去拿
shoutat大声叫喊,吼叫
worryabout为……担心
thinkof考虑,关心
2.介词+名词
intime及时
ontime准时
infrontof在……前面
athome在家
inEnglish用英语
atnight在晚上
withasmile带着微笑
withoutbreakfast没吃早餐
atfirst首先
atlast最后
ononeswayto在某人去……的路上
atonce立刻,马上
atthesametime同时
byhand用手,手工,亲手
introuble处于困境
infact事实上
onduty值日
outofwork失业
outofbreath上气不接下气
ontheleft/right在左/右边
toonessurprise令某人吃惊的是
3.介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配
bebornin…出生于……
begoodat…擅长……
bemadeof…由……制成
beangrywithsb.跟某人生气
beangryatsth.为某事生气
bepleasedwithsb.对某人感到满意
besatisfiedwithsth.对某事感到满意
besurprisedat对……感到惊奇(诧异)
beusedto…习惯于……
betiredof…讨厌……,厌倦……
beinterestedin对……感兴趣
beproudof…以……自豪(骄傲)
befullof…充满……
befilledwith充满……
take(catch)holdof抓住
besureof…确信……
takepartin参加
breakinto(in)闯入
takecareof照顾,关心,保管
bebusywith…忙于……
bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求
catchupwith跟上,赶上
havenothingtodowith…与……无关
gotoschool去上学
keepoutof不让进入
gotobed(sleep)去睡觉
lookforwardto盼望,期待
sayhelloto向……问好
Theteachershopeallofuscanhand______ourhomework______imeeveryday.(2013,黄石)
A.up;inB.out;onC.on;inD.in;on
解析:考查固定短语handin意为“上交”;intime“及时”,ontime“准时”。
答案:__D__
—Whatsyourteacherlike?
—Sheisalwaysstrict______us.(2013,广安)
A.inB.withC.to
解析:bestrictwith为固定搭配,意为“对……严格要求”。
答案:__B__
Atlast,hecameup______agoodideatosolvetheproblem.(2014,贺州)
A.inB.forC.withD.at
解析:comeupwith为固定搭配,意为“想出”。
答案:__C__
一、单项选择。
1.—Howwillyougothere?
—__C__foot.(2014,宁夏)
A.WithB.ByC.OnD.In
2.MothersDayis__A__thesecondSundayinMayintheUnitedStates.(2014,长沙)
A.onB.inC.atD.of
3.—Excuseme,Mr.Li,whereistheFishingIsland?
—Letmeshowyouonthemap.Its__A__theeastofChina.(2014,北京)
A.inB.onC.toD.of
4.Itskind______you__A__helpmewithmyEnglish.(2014,安顺)
A.of;toB.for;toC.of;forD.to;to
5.Aconversation__C__awisepersonisworthtenyearsstudyofbooks.(2014,河南)
A.forB.likeC.withD.to
6.__D__thedevelopmentofeconomy,myhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.(2014,毕节)
A.InB.OnC.ByD.With
7.Weshouldremembertospendsometime__D__yourlovedones,becausetheyrenotgoingtobearoundforever.(2014,黔南)
A.fromB.withC.inD.on
8.Momalwaystellsmethatnothingcanbelearned__D__hardwork.(2014,平凉)
A.withB.byC.forD.without
9.—Whenwereyouborn?
—Iwasborn__C__acoldwintermorningin1994.(2014,南充)
A.inB.atC.onD.of
10.Someworkersinthatfactoryhavetowork__A__night.(2014,嘉兴)
A.atB.forC.withD.among
11.UncleTomlives______afarm__C__thecountry.(2014,益阳)
A.in;atB.near;onC.on;inD.at;near
12.Thesweetsmelloftheflowersinthegardencomesin__C__theopenwindow,makingusfeelinagoodmood(心情).(2014,哈尔滨)
A.onB.withC.throughD.in
13.—Howlonghaveyoustayedinthishotel?
—Notlong,just__B__thisMonday.(2014,绵阳)
A.fromB.sinceC.forD.on
14.Isometimeshelpmymumwiththehousework__C__Saturdays.(2014,北京)
A.atB.inC.onD.to
15.—Whatwouldyoulike______yourafternoontea?
—Justacupofcoffee__C__somesugarandmilk.(2014,呼和浩特)
A.of;withB.of;without
C.for;withD.for;without
数 词
1.About______oftheearth__B__coveredwithwater,butwehavelessandlessavailablefreshwater.(2014,泰州)
A.threefourth;isB.threefourths;is
C.threefourth;areD.threefourths;are
2.—Wewillhavea__A__holidaynextmonth,letshaveatriptoMountEmei.
—Thatsgreat.(2014,遂宁)
A.threedayB.threedays
C.threedaysD.threedays
3.—IhearyourpenpalisvisitingWuhanagain.Isitthe__B__timeforhim?(2014,孝感)
—Yes,andhewillcomeforathirdtimenextspring.
A.first B.secondC.third D.fourth
4.ThesinkingaccidentinKoreahappened______April16,2014and__C__peoplelosttheirlives.(2014,梅州)
A.in;hundredsB.on;manyhundreds
C.on;hundredsofD.at;manyhundredsof
近五年来,安徽中考的单项选择没有涉及对数词的考查,但数词是语法中的一个重点。考生还是很有必要掌握这一知识点的。特别要注意以下四点:
1.基数词和序数词的用法;
2.日期、时间、年龄、编号等的用法;
3.分数的表达;
4.hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法。
高频考向一 基数词
1.基数词的构成
①1~12独立成词。one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.
②13~19的基数词以teen结尾。要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼写。
③表示整“十”的基数词:20~90的基数词都以ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,ninety的正确写法。
④21~99的写法是:十位数加个位数,中间用连字符号“”连接。如:26twentysix;57fiftyseven
⑤101~999的构成是:百位数与十位数之间用and连接。如:123onehundredandtwentythree
⑥hundred,thousand,million,billion等词在表示确定数目的时候,直接前面加基数词;表示不确定数目时,要在它们后面加s,其后还要加of。如:
threehundredstudents三百名学生
thousandsofstudents成千上万的学生
2.基数词的用法
①表示数量的多少。
②表示年份。1988读作nineteeneightyeight
③表示时刻。7:00读作sevenoclock
8:30读作halfpasteight/eightthirty
3:05读作fivepastthree/threefive
5:48读作twelvetosix/fivefortyeight
④表示顺序。单数名词+基数词,名词的第一个字母通常要大写。如:
ClassTwo,Room12,No.3MiddleSchool
注:“单数名词+基数词”可转换成“the+序数词+单数名词”,此时名词的第一个字母不大写。如:LessonThree=thethirdlesson
⑤“数词+单数名词”相当于合成形容词作定语(如:athreeyearoldgirl)。合成形容词中的名词一定是单数。合成形容词不能作表语,后面必须跟上所修饰的名词。
⑥与表示时间、距离、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”,表示事物的形状、年代及距离等。如:tenyearsold,3600meterslong
⑦“几十”的基数词复数形式可用来表示某人约几十岁或年代。如:
Inhissixties,herodeabikeroundtheworld.
Thelightwasinventedinthe1870s.
⑧与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加—定数量。如:
anotherthreehours,twomorecakes
—Excuseme,sir.HeresapackageforLinTao.Whichroomdoeshelivein?
—______.
A.308RoomB.Room308
C.TheRoom308D.The308Room
解析:“几号房间”应用“Room+房间号”表示。
答案:__B__
Lindasmotherlooksyoung,butactuallysheisinher______.(2013,恩施)
A.sixtiesB.sixtieth
C.sixtyyearsoldD.sixty
解析:表示某人约几十岁的时候,应用基数词的复数形式。
答案:__A__
高频考向二 序数词
1.序数词的构成
①序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh等。
②以y结尾的整十的数字,先将y改为i,再加eth。如:fifty→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。
③21以上的非整十的数字,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他的位数仍用基数词。如:
twentyone→twentyfirst,thirtytwo→thirtysecond,twohundredandninetyeight→twohundredandninetyeighth等。
④少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。如:
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth
注:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)
2.序数词的用法
①表示顺序。序数词表顺序时,其前须用定冠词the,后接单数名词。
如:Imthefirstonetoarrivehere.
注:如序数词前出现人称代词,则不加the。定语从句中先行词之前有序数词时,则关系代词只能用that。
如:Todayismythirtiethbirthday.
②用于最高级前。
如:Johnisthesecondtallestboyinourclass.
③分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子为1,分母用单数,分子大于1,分母用复数。
如:onefifth,threefifths
—些习惯用法:1/4也可表示为aquarter,3/4也可表示为threequarters,1/2也可表示为ahalf
④带分数的词组作句子的主语时,谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如:
Twofifthsoftheappleiseaten.这个苹果被吃了五分之二。
Twofifthsoftheapplesarered.五分之二的苹果是红的。
⑤表示数量上再增加“一”,用:a(an)+序数词+单数名词。如:Shehadasecondchild.她有了第二个孩子。
PleaseturntoPage______andreadthe______story.(2014,兰州)
A.Ten;twoB.Ten;second
C.Tenth;secondD.Tenth;two
解析:Page+基数词,表示第几页,且基数词首字母要大写;the+序数词+story,表示第几个故事。
答案:__B__
Itistheboys______birthdaytoday.Heisfiveyearsoldnow.(2013,成都)
A.fifteenB.fifthC.thefifth
解析:表达某人的第几个生日应用序数词,且前面不能用定冠词。
答案:__B__
高频考向三 数词中的难点
①hundred,thousand,million,billion的运用。在构成具体的数字时,用单数形式。如:twohundredstudents,表达不具体的多数时用其复数。如:thousandsofstudents(成千上万的学生)。
②与another,more连用时,表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。如:anotherthreehours或threemorehours。
③“一两天”可表达为:adayortwo或oneortwodays
有关“半”的表达:threeyearsandahalf或threeandahalfyears三年半;halfanhour半小时;onehourandahalf/oneandahalfhours一个半小时。
______fanswouldliketogotoBraziltowatchtheWorldCup.(2014,龙东)
A.MillionofB.Millionsof
C.Millions
解析:millionsof为固定搭配,意为“数百万的”。
答案:__B__
一、单项选择。
1.OnJune2ndthisyear,__A__peoplecelebratedtheDragonBoatFestivalneartheSonghuaRiver.Toourjoy,therewaslittlerubbishleft.(2014,哈尔滨)
A.thousandsofB.thousand
C.twothousandsD.thousands
2.—Whichmonthoftheyeardoyoulike?
—July,the__B__month,becausesummervacationbeginsinthismonth.(2014,成都)
A.secondB.seventhC.ninth
3.—Whichisthebiggestnumberofthefour?
—__B__.(2014,黔西南)
A.OnethirdB.Twothirds
C.AhalfD.Aquarter
4.—Wehavesixtystudentsinourclass.__B__ofthemareboys.Howmanygirlsarethere,doyouknow?
—Therearetwentygirls.(2014,襄阳)
A.OnethirdB.Twothirds
C.OnequarterD.Ahalf
5.About__B__ofthestudentslikekeepingdiariesinEnglishinourclass.(2014,安顺)
A.twofifthB.twofifths
C.secondfiveD.twofive
6.—Howlongisthebridge?
—Its__C__.(2013,兰州)
A.300meterlongB.300meterslong
C.300meterslongD.300meterslong
7.Todayistheboys__C__birthday.Heis12yearsold.(2014,南充)
A.twelveB.twelveth
C.twelfthD.thetwelfth
8.DavidBeckhamhas______children.BrooklynBeckhamishis__C__son.(2014,宜宾)
A.third;firstB.three;one
C.three;firstD.third;one
二、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
9.Decemberisthe__twelfth__(十二)monthofayear.(2013,日照)
10.Octoberisthe__tenth__monthinayear.(2013,淄博)
11.Thereare__thirty__daysinAprilaswellasinJuneandinSeptember.(2013,杭州)
12.Jimsparentswillcelebratetheir__forty__(四十)yearsofmarriagethisSundays.(2013,扬州)
13.ItssaidthegameAngryBirdshasbeendownloaded__millions__(百万)oftimes.(2013,连云港)
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