实战:
1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallI______theshopkeeperifIcantryiton?
A.ask
B.answer
C.speak
D.tell
2.Tickets,please.MayI______yourticketplease,madam?
A.show
B.watch
C.find
D.see
3.Itsnotgoodto______whenyouarewaitingforabus.
A.standinline
B.getonwell
C.jumpthequeue
D.waitforyourturn
4.Itshardtocountthemonkeys,theyrerunningandjumping__________.
A.attimes
B.allthetime
C.moreorless
D.rightaway
5.Imsorry,weve_______theshoesinyoursize.
A.paidfor
B.puton
C.soldout
D.putaway
6.Weihuaspenwas________,sosheneededanewone.
A.broken
B.long
C.cheap
D.here
7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshop_______home.
A.oftheway
B.bytheway
C.anotherwayof
D.onyourway
8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery________.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime!
A.kind
B.lonely
C.strict
D.polite
9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller_____.
A.space
B.place
C.room
D.universe
10.Ilikethesweater,butit________toomuch.
A.uses
B.takes
C.costs
D.spends
11.FatherChristmaslandsontopof_______houseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place.
A.each
B.all
C.either
D.both
12.Theiceisverythin.Its_______dangerous_____walkonit.
A.so,that
B.as,as
C.from,to
D.too,to
13.Onedayhismotherwasill.She______adoctor.
A.sentfor
B.sentaway
C.sentup
D.fellbehind
14.He_______theradioandlistenedtothemusic.
A.opened
B.turnedon
C.turnedoff
D.closed
15.Thedoctor_______MrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"Theresnothingmuchwrongwithyou."
A.watched
B.operated
C.lookedover
D.lookedafter
我们步步深入,开始接触到整个句子的heart--动词了。掌握了动词,你学起英语来就会感到驾轻就熟了。告诉你,一定要记牢动词的现在分词,过去式,过去分词,如果在这些小地方丢分,那才讨厌呢。比如:catch的过去式和过去分词(caught,caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下决心,好好记一记吧。下面呢,我们就各个击破。先讲系动词。
系动词:大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外,还有become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,所以用的时候,可要小心为是呀!如:Itsmellsdelicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious是形容词,不是副词。
情态动词:首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题,这里我们重点讲一下。
must的意思是"应当,必须",侧重于说话者的主观看法,没有时态变化,其否定式是mustnt,在"MustI(we)...."的疑问句中,须注意的是其否定回答常用neednt。如:MustIgo?(我一定要走吗?) No,youneednt.(不,不必。)
need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词,因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时,need后跟名词,动名词,或不定式。如:Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情态动词时,后跟动词原形。如:Youneedntcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙,明天就不必来了。)
实意动词:实意动词可谓家族兴旺,人员众多。我们跑(run),我们跳(jump),我们笑(laugh),这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。
stop:这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋,到底什么时候加todo,什么时候加
doing呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面两个句子。
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.
Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.
第一句的意思是"当老师进来时,他们停下来开始读书"。而第二句的意思是"老师进来时,他们停止了说话"。所以stoptodosth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stopdoing表示"中断正在做的某事"。现在明白了吗?
forget,remember,regret这三个词用法基本相同,只要记住+doing表示"事情已经做过",+todo表示"事情还未做"就可以了。forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做) forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)如:Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作) Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)
感官动词:see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示动作的完整性,真实性+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性。如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,好学的你准备好了吗?
练习:
1.WangLin_______somehelp.Canyouhelphim?
A.needs
B.want
C.needto
D.ask
2.Allofusenjoy_______footballverymuch.
A.play
B.playing
C.played
D.toplay
3.----Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.
----Oh,Iforgot___.
A.turningitoff
B.turnitoff
C.toturnitoff
D.havingturneditoff
4.Iregret___thewindow.
A.todo
B.tobedoing
C.tohavedone
D.havingbroken
5.Hisgrandparentssawher___upfromchildhood.
A.grow
B.grew
C.wasgrowing
D.togrow
6.---WhatsthisinEnglish?
---Sorry,Icant_____itinEnglish.
A.tell
B.say
C.speak
D.talk
7.---_____Ifinishmyhomworktoday?
---No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Need
8.InSpring,thedays______longerandlonger,thetrees_______green.
A.get,turn
B.gets,turns
C.got,turned
D.havegot,haveturned
9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,you________stop.
A.can
B.must
C.wont
D.neednt
10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,I________tomydeskmate.
A.stoppedtotalk
B.stoppedtalking
C.stoptotalk
D.stoptalking
实战:
1.---Whosecalculatorisit?
---Its______.
A.shes
B.hers
C.her
D.she
2._______December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.for
3.TheScienceMuseumislocated________thecentreofthetown.
A.with
B.near
C.beside
D.in
4.Doyouthinkmathsis________importantthanEnglish?
A.very
B.as
C.more
D.quite
5.Thecaptainhasa_______daughter.
A.five-years-old
B.fiveyearsold
C.fiveyearold
D.five-year-old
6.Twofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.
A.somethingstrange
B.anythingstrange
C.strangesomething
D.strangeanything
7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwas______ours.
A.sotallas
B.sotalleras
C.astallas
D.astalleras
8.Whos______womanoverthere?
A./
B.the
C.a
D.an
9.A:_______havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears.
A.Howmanytimes
B.How
C.Whattime
D.Howlong
10._______thatpairofnew________expensive?
A.Is,shoe
B.Are,shoe
C.Is,shoes
D.Are,shoes
11.Dickjumpedintoalargehole________hesawthebear.
A.while
B.assoonas
C.until
D.if
12._______coldweatheritisattheSouthPole!
A.What
B.Whatan
C.How
D.Whata
13.Idontknow________lastnight.
A.whytheydidntgotothemovies
B.whentheydidntgotothemovies
C.whydidnttheygotothemovies
D.whendidnttheygotothemovies
14.Therearentmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_______ifyouwantto.
A.few
B.afew
C.alittle
D.little
15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked________.
A.happy
B.sadly
C.upset
D.lovely
不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密,本不该拆开来讲,可是篇幅有限,只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单,告诉我是什么?对!是to+动词原形。当然啦,to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢?Listentomecarefully.
不定式省to有四种情况:
使役动词let,have,make等后接不定式。如:Lethimgo!让他走!
wouldrather,hadbetter后。如:Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。
Why.../whynot...后。如:WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省to。如:Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。
注意:这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to哟!如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.变成被动句:Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.
不定式的特殊用法:
It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,但如果动词不定式太长,显得头重脚轻的,那么我们就可用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。
如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)
不定式还可以充当句子的宾语,但有些动词,如find,think,believe等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。
如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我发现很难入睡。
还有一点:动词不定式,还可用在how,when,where,what,which等疑问代词或副词之后,与其共同作宾语。如:Idontknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to:too...to表达"太...一致于不能..."。
enough...to表达"足以..."。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。
Theboxistooheavyformetolift.这个箱子太沉了,我提不动。
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说,他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三,应用自如。你记住了吗?
好吧,再试一把趁热打铁!
练习:
1.Tellhim___thewindow.
A.toclosenot
B.nottoclose
C.tonotclose
D.notclose
2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learn
B.tolearn
C.learned
D.learning
3.Youdbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.
A.say
B.speak
C.tell
D.talk
4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnot
B.eatingnot
C.nottoeat
D.noteating
5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----Whynot___byboatforachange?
A.totrygoing
B.tryingtogo
C.totryandgo
D.trygoing
6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?
A.topickthemup
B.topickupthem
C.pickitup
D.pickupit
7.Sheisveryill,lets_______adoctoratonce.
A.towakeup
B.sendfor
C.topayfor
D.payfor
8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobe
B.to
C.be
D.being
9.Itscoldhere.Youdbetter______yourcoat.
A.nottakeout
B.nottotakedown
C.nottakeoff
D.nottotakeaway
10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.
A.drinking
B.drank
C.todrink
D.drink
实战:
1.Youdbetter_______readinthesun.
A.notto
B.not
C.dont
D.to
2.Youarentanewdriver,areyou?_______.
A.No,Iam
B.Yes,Imnot
C.No,youare
D.Yes,Iam
3.MustIstayherenow?_________.
A.No,youmustnt
B.No,youneednt
C.Yes,youcan
D.Yes,youmay
4.Thereis_______"s"intheword"bus".
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
5.Neithereofus______adoctor.
A.is
B.isnt
C.are
D.arent
6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls_________race?
A.400metre
B.400-metre
C.400metres
D.400-metres
7.Itstoonoisyhere,Icant_______.
A.gotosleep
B.falltosleep
C.sleeping
D.gettosleep
8.Thestoryhappened________theeveningofOctober20,1995.
A.at
B.on
C.in
D.to
9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?________.Hehasgonetothehospital.
A.Ithinkso
B.Certainly,youcan
C.Imafraidnot
D.Imnotsure
10.Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissHu.________.
A.Fine,thankyou.
B.Allright.
C.Itsverykindofyou.
D.Itdoesntmatter.
11.Canyoutellmewhere________?
A.isthepostoffice
B.thepostofficeis
C.doesthepostoffice
D.thepostofficedoes
12.InEngland,thefirstnameis_______name,butinChina,thefirstnameis______name.
A.family,given
B.given,family
C.family,family
D.given,given
13.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday.
A.he
B.him
C.his
D.her
14.Kateis________girl.
A.aeighteen-year-old
B.aeighteen-years-old
C.aneighteen-years-old
D.aneighteen-year-old
15.Ourcityisgetting________.
A.beautifulandbeautiful
B.beautifulerandbeautifuler
C.moreandmorebeautiful
D.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler
别看介词是一种虚词,它在句中的作用却非常重要。它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,
不能单独使用。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如:ononeswayhome,help...with,sendfor,beinterestedin...,belatefor,beangrywith,begoodat等。当然这需要你好好记忆了。
常用介词解析及用法比较:
at,on和in:这三个介词在试卷中的出现频率极高。对于它们的的分辨只要记住一句话就可以了。at表示点,on表示线,in表示面。什么意思呢?也就是说它们表达的范围逐渐增大。atsixoclock,atnoon,attheageofsixteen等用at表示时刻或时间的点以及年龄。on具体到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上:onSaturday,onJuly1st,onmybirthday,onthemorningofJuly16th,onaspringafternoon。in表达的范围更大一些。与世纪、年代、季节、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等连用。如:intheseventhcentury,in1950s,in2000,inthemorning等。
for,since:for表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在,常与完成时连用。牢牢记住哟。
after,in:这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是:after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。
by,with,in:by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。
for和of:试比较:ItsimpossibleformetowatchTVafterelevenoclock.Itskindofyoutohelpme.
两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。
好,又到了趁热打铁的时间了,来检测一下你的学习成效如何?
练习:
1.Canyoutellthestory______Russian?
A.with
B.in
C.on
D.by
2.Herearesomebirthdaycards______ourteachers,______ourbestwishes.
A.of,with
B.for,with
C.of,in
D.for,in
3.Thevisitors_______Japanarrived_____BeijingstationlastTuesdaymorning.
A.from,at
B.of,to
C.from,to
D.of,on
4.Hesbadlyhurt,wemustsend_____adoctoratonce.
A.to
B.up
C.on
D.for
5.Doyouusuallycometoschool______footor_____-bike?
A.by...by
B.on...on
C.on...by
D.by...on
6.--whenwasJimborn?
--______July,18,1978.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
7.WeiFangboughtanewpenatashop_____herwayhome.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.to
8.Donttellanybodyaboutit.Keepitasecret_______youandme.
A.among
B.between
C.in
D.with
9.Theteacherwillbeback______anhour.
A.in
B.after
C.of
D.at
10.--HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?
--Ivebeenhere_____1989.
A.in
B.since
C.on
D.for
实战:
1.______maninbrownis_____friendofmyfatheres.
A.The..the
B.The...a
C.A...a
D.A...the
2.Hereisaletter______you.Its______youraunt.
A.to...for
B.for...to
C.from...to
D.for...from
3.Thetwinsare____interestedinChinesefood.
A.all
B.both
C.neither
D.each
4.Itis______hotinNanjinginsummer.
A.toomuch
B.muchtoo
C.muchmore
D.somuch
5.Thatstoodear.Haveyougot_______?
A.cheapersomething
B.everythingcheaper
C.cheaperanything
D.anythingcheaper
6.--CanIgoouttoplayfootballnow?
--No,you_______.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.
A.wont
B.cant
C.neednt
D.dont
7.Theboydidntgotobed_______hewasaskedto.
A.while
B.since
C.until
D.assoonas
8.LessonTwois______thanLessonOne.
A.muchdifficult
B.muchmoredifficult
C.themostdifficult
D.littledifficult
9.Youdbetter_______hereanylonger.
A.dontstay
B.nottostay
C.tonotstay
D.notstay
10.It_______himhalfanhourtorideabiketogethere.
A.spent
B.used
C.took
D.paid
11.MrsReaddoesntknow______forherdaughter.
A.whatwillshebuy
B.whichwillshebuy
C.tobuywhat
D.whatshewillbuy
12.Thesechildernhaveneverseensnow,_______they?
A.do
B.dont
C.havent
D.have
13.Why_______shoppingatonce?
A.dontgo
B.notgoto
C.didintgo
D.notgo
14.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.
A.isbeingknown
B.wasknown
C.hasknown
D.isknown
15.Myfriendhasworkedinthathospital_________.
A.sinceitopened
B.foritopened
C.sinceitopens
D.sinceitisopen
好了,现在我们在攻克词类的最后一个堡垒——连词。连词更好对付了,我们只讲几个常考的词组就可以了。
连词常考到的有以下几个词组:
both...and:表示"两者都...".注意:当both...and连接主语时,后面动词一般要用复数。如:Both
LilyandLucyareright.
notonly...butalso:"不仅...而且..."。注意:后面动词采用就近原则,与butalso后的词保持一致。
如:Notonlymyparentsbutalsomybrotherlikesthecat.
either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如:EitheryouorIamwrong.
neither...nor:"既不...也不..."是"either...or"的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的
词保持一致。如:Neitheryounorheisright.
or的用法:意思为"否则"。如:Imustworkhard,orIllfailintheexam.(我必须好好学习,否则
我会考不及格了。)
Soeasy,notdifficultatall!OK!Letscometoour趁热打铁。
练习:
1._________John_______Iarepolicemen.
A.Neither...nor
B.Either...or
C.Both...and
D.Notonly...butalso
2.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.
A.very...that
B.quite...but
C.so...as
D.so...that
3.Hedidntgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.
A.till
B.before
C.after
D.until
4.Ididntbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.
A.until
B.because
C.if
D.before
5.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.
A.or
B.and
C.but
D.down
6.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.
A.until
B.and
C.so
D.or
7.Illreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.
A.as
B.so
C.just
D.but
8.Goalongtheroad,_______youllfindthemarketattheendofit.
A.when
B.and
C.or
D.though
9.Youllbelate______youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.
A.if
B.when
C.before
D.until
10.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.
A.or
B.and
C.so
D.but
实践:
1.MrLinoftencomestotheparktodomorningexercieseatthistimeof______day.
A.the
B.a
C.不填
D.an
2.Thisis_______business,notmine.
A.MrYangandMrZhangs
B.MrYangandMrZhang
C.MrYangsandMrZhang
D.MrYangsandMrZhangs
3.Ihavegot______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?
A.averygood
B.any
C.apieceof
D.twopieces
4.She_______athickcoattoday,thoughitisntverycold.
A.iswearing
B.puton
C.dressed
D.isdressing
5.Thatwomanisverytired,soshe________.
A.stoppedtowork
B.stoppedhavingagoodrest
C.stoppedtohavearest
D.stoppedtoworking
6.--Hello,whoareyou________?
--Mymother.
A.waiting
B.waitingfor
C.finding
D.looking
7.MyunclewenttoMoscowtodosomebusinessthreemonths______?
A.before
B.later
C.ago
D.after
8.Edisonwasclevererthan_______studentsinhisclass,buthisteacherdidintknowthis.
A.allthe
B.other
C.another
D.theothers
9.IdontknowwhereJackisnow.________-inthecinema.
A.Maybehe
B.Maybehe
C.Hemightbe
D.Hemaybe
10.Itwas______dark_____wecouldntseeanythingclearly.
A.very,that
B.too,to
C.so,as
D.so,that
11.Therearetwodictionariesonhisdesk,but______ofthemisusefultome.
A.all
B.neither
C.both
D.either
12._______Isawhimdrivingacaracrossthestreet.
A.Rightnow
B.Justamoment
C.Rightaway
D.Justnow
13.Shewillbebackbyairfromshanghai________.
A.inaweek
B.afteraweek
C.aweeklater
D.untilaweek
14.Youmaypayattentiontoyourwriting______nobodycanunderstandwhatyouwanttowrite.
A.but
B.and
C.or
D.that
15.Thetestis______easierand_____interestingthanthatone.
A.more,much
B.much,more
C.more,more
D.much,much
提起时态,当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式,表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想,初中我们学过的时态有几个?初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:
一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes,everyday连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。
现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:Werestudyingnow.我们现在正在学习。
一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:Weoftenwenttodancelastsummer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的lastsummer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。
过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment,whenhecamein等连用。如:Whenheknockedatthedoor,hismotherwascooking.
一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如nextyear,tomorrow等连用。注意:在Willyou....?问句中,回答必须是Yes,Iwill.或No,Iwont而不能用Yes,Ishall.No,Ishant.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:TheytoldmethattheywouldgotoworkinGuangdong.
现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet等副词修饰。如:HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice,once,ever,never等时间状语。如:Iveneverseenthatfilm.
过去完成时:我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when,before,after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。
八个时态可能得让你好好对付一阵子,但细细学来,也并不困难。不信吗?试试趁热打铁你就知道了。
练习:
1.Thezoo_______inthenorthofthecity.
A.lies
B.builds
C.seems
D.lying
2.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_______he______out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
3.--Itmustbeonchannel2.Trythat.
--I______that.ButIstillcantgetanything.
A.havetried
B.tried
C.try
D.willdo
4.Theyusually________TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
5.Hehas_______forabouttwelveyears.
A.boughtthehouse
B.lefthere
C.livedhere
D.gonehere
6.Thetwooldman________eachothersince1970.
A.didntseen
B.dontsee
C.haventsee
D.wontsee
7.LucyandLilycanspeakgoodChinese,becausethey______Chinaforsixyears.
A.havebeenin
B.havebeento
C.havecometo
D.havegoneto
8.--Ourcountry______alotsofar.
--Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven________.
A.haschanged,well
B.changed,good
C.haschanged,better
D.changed,better
9.--IsawAnn_______agreendressatthemeeting.
--Ithinkshelooksbetter_______red.
A.dressed,in
B.puton,wear
C.wearing,in
D.wear,puton
10.--Ididntcometoschoolbecausemymotherwasillyesterday.
--Iamsorry______that.
A.hearing
B.hear
C.hears
D.tohear
实践:
1.Therewillbe______interestingfilmtomorrowevening.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.some
2.--Whatsthatoverthere?
--Its______bag.
A.I
B.me
C.my
D.mine
3.ThestudentsofClassOne______ontheplayground.
A.amplaying
B.isplaying
C.areplaying
D.wasplaying
4.Youdbetter_______latenexttime!
A.notbe
B.nottobe
C.wontbe
D.dontbe
5.Healwaysgetsupearly,_______he?
A.is
B.isnthe
C.does
D.doesnt
6.______tallthebuildingis!
A.Howa
B.How
C.What
D.Whata
7.LessonSevenis________oneinthisbook.
A.important
B.moreimportant
C.mostimportant
D.themostimportant
8.Iwillcallyouassoonasshe________back.
A.comes
B.come
C.came
D.willcome
9.Heputonhiscoat______wentout.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
10.--______Igettherebeforesixoclock?
--No,youneednt.
A.Can
B.May
C.Must
D.Shall
11.Theirbabywasborn______April2,1997.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.by
12.Herfatherisbusy_______thetruck.
A.mend
B.mends
C.mended
D.mending
13.We________thefloorwhensheleft.
A.sweep
B.swept
C.weresweeping
D.aresweeping
14.Hewants________someapplesandoranges.
A.tobuy
B.buys
C.bought
D.buy
15.Doyouunderstand______?
A.whatdidhesay
B.hesaidwhat
C.whatdoeshesay
D.whathesaid
时态的运用比较复杂,好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好,对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时,一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析,你会发现一切"aseasyasABC"。
一般过去式和现在完成时:
一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去,陈述一个事实,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如:lastnight,in1999,threedaysago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:Wehaveseenthatfilm.我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。Wesawthefilmlastnight.昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。
注意:有些时间状语,如thismorning,tonight,thismonth等,既可用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内,而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如:IhavereadthisbookthisApril.(说话时仍然为四月。)IreadthisbookthisApril.(说话时四月份已过。)
一般过去式和过去完成时的比较:
一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时,常用此时态。
如:Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforenineoclock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上,一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如:Whenhegothome,hisdaughterhadalreadygonetobed.当他到家的时候,他的女儿早已去睡觉了。
在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如:Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadfinishedhishomework.他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说:Hecalledonmesoonafterhefinishedhishomework.
哇塞,我们终于学完了所有时态,摩拳擦掌,试试趁热打铁!
练习:
1.ZhaoLan____already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was...studying
B.will...study
C.has...studied
D.arestudying
2.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.
A.watch
B.willwatch
C.arewatching
D.watches
3.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill______togothere.
A.wentto,wanted
B.goesto,wants
C.hasgone,wants
D.hasbeento,wants
4.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_______moreabouthim.
A.knows
B.know
C.willknow
D.isgoingtoknow
5.--WhatareyougoingtogiveourteacherforTeachersDay?
--Imnotsure.MaybeI_____himsomeflowers.
A.havegiven
B.willgive
C.gave
D.give
6.--Tom______out.
--Oh,ishe?Whattime_____he_____out?
A.is,did,go
B.went,is,going
C.hasgone,did,go
D.isgoing,does,go
7.Itsnineoclocknow,they______anEnglishclass.
A.have
B.arehaving
C.having
D.willhave
8.--"WhereisLiLei?"
--"He_______hissportsshoesintheroom.He______footballwithhisfriends."
A.isputtingon,isplaying
B.putson,willplay
C.isputtingon,willplay
D.puton,played
9.MissSmithwithherparents______Chinasince_________.
A.havebeenin,twoyearsago
B.hasgoneto,twoyears
C.havebeento,twoyears
D.hasbeenin,twoyearsago
10.WhenIknockedatthedoor,mymother_______.
A.iscooking
B.cooked
C.wascooking
D.cooks
状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号。
状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。
时间状语从句:是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivethere.
原因状语从句:because,since,as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since。如:Idontlikethatcoat,becausethecolorlooksterrible.由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。如:Heisnothere,because/forhismotherisill.
目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由inorderthat,sothat,等词引导。如:Youmustraiseyourvoicesothat/inorderthateverybodycanhearyouclearly.
结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that或such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型,首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。如:TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.
让步状语从句:是由though,although引导的状语从句。though,although和but不能同时使用。
Althoughitrained,theyhadagoodtime.
练习:
1.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_________him.
A.knows
B.know
C.willknow
D.isgoingtoknow
2.Wellgooutforawalkassoonasit________.
A.stopsraining
B.raining
C.stoptorain
D.rain
3.Thefilmwas_____interesting_____everyonewantedtoseeitagain.
A.too,to
B.so,that
C.not,until
D.very,that
4.Wedontunderstandthepassage______thereisfewwordsinit.
A.and
B.if
C.though
D.because
5.Youaresuretopasstheexam_______youstudyhard.
A.if
B.though
C.that
D.when
6.Ifyou_____freetomorrow,wewontgoforapicnic.
A.arent
B.wontbe
C.werent
D.dont
7.WhatwasJimdoing_______theteachercamein?
A.while
B.and
C.when
D.but
8.Youmuststop______thepolicemansay:"stop!"
A.that
B.if
C.then
D.until
9.--TheboyfailedtopasstheEnglishexamination.
--______hedidntworkhard.
A.If
B.Because
C.When
D.So
10.Illgoforawalkwithyouifit______tomorrow?
A.wontrain
B.doesntrain
C.willrain
D.rain
实践:
1.Igetup______halfpastsixeveryday.
A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
2.IheardRobin________anEnglishsonglastnight.
A.sang
B.tosing
C.sing
D.sung
3.Isthere_______intodaysnewspaper?
A.importantsomething
B.somethingimportant
C.importantanything
D.anythingimportant
4._____fineweatheritis!
A.Whata
B.Whatan
C.How
D.What
5."Whereareyourbikes?"
"________isundertree,and_______besidethewall."
A.Mine,her
B.Me,his
C.Mine,his
D.His,her
6.______studentslistenedtothereport.
A.Fourhundred
B.Fourhundredof
C.Fourhundredsof
D.Fourhundreds
7.Footballwasoncea______game,butnowmoreandmoregirlsenjoyplayingit.
A.boys
B.boys
C.boyss
D.girls
8.Dontmove,_______Iwillkillyou!
A.and
B.or
C.so
D.but
9.Thereis_________inkinmypen.Willyoupleasegiveme_______drops?
A.afew,alittle
B.few,little
C.little,afew
D.little,alittle
10.Theycouldhardlybelieveit,_______?
A.couldntthey
B.couldthey
C.cantthey
D.canthey
11."MayIsmokehere?""No,you_______."
A.cant
B.neednt
C.mustnt
D.maynot
12.Hisfather________forsixyears.
A.hasdied
B.hasbeendead
C.hasdead
D.hasbeendeath
13.Thereis________umbrellaintheroom._______umbrellaisinthecorner.
A.the,the
B.a,The
C.an,The
D.an,A
14.Itwas______theChristmasEvethatIfirstsawhim.
A.at
B.in
C.on
D.by
15.Shehasanpencilinonehand,apenin________.
A.others
B.another
C.theother
D.theothers
中考在一天天的接近,现在大家肯定非常紧张。面对这一大堆问题,该如何充分利用这几天有限的时间来达到复习的最佳效果呢?不要着急,不要着急,稳下心来,Doitstepbystep,中考就会志在必得。
考前主要思路:目前中考英语的趋向是向考察语言实际应用的方向转化,对语法的考察则趋向于基本、基础的知识考察。同时将对语法的考察与语言情景向结合。所以:记住该记的关键、废话少说!考什么记什么。时间宝贵呀!一谈到考前复习,很多人便想到抓"考点"、"要点"。实际上,最关键的是抓住"知识点",找出"重点"和"难点",才能举一反三,触类旁通。
忠告:
音标部分:在平时学习时所掌握的知识的基础上,复习一遍音标规则,复习过程中结合自己所学单词进行验证,可加深印象和理解程度。同时总结容易混淆的音标及不符合音标规则的特殊读音词。
介词的用法一直是考试的重点,原因是在英语里,介词往往能起到汉语里动词的作用,而且很多时候用法的区分很细致。复习时认真总结一下,还是有用的。
因汉语里没有冠词一说,冠词的用法一直是个难点。a,an用法还好区分些,只要知道其后面所跟的词的发音就可轻易判断。the则难一些,但只要知道用the则必特指,大多数题也就迎刃而解了。当然还有不用冠词的时候。
句中单复数的对应关系,其中包括名词、代词的单复数形式,并不是很难理解,考试时细心一些就可以了。肯定句、疑问句的相互变换时,更要特别注意到这一点。
动词词组的含义、用法,要是没有掌握得很好,则针对每一词组的不同用法记忆一组例句,到时候套用可保万无一失。
初二、初三的英语中有了时态、句中词序的变化,复习时多加对比,考时跟着感觉走。
初中英语的阅读理解部分,并不涉及词语的隐讳含义或双关等。因此只要阅读速度不是很慢,平时所积累的词汇量够用就行。万一你的速度赶不上去,考试可先读题,后读文章,读时抓住与问题相关的内容点就行。
练习:
1."Wouldyoumindlendingmeyourradio?"
"______".
A.Yes,hereyouare.
B.Certainlynot.Hereyouare.
C.No,myradioisbad
D.No,thanks.
2.Ifyoudontknowhowtoreadaword,youdbetter______inadictionary.
A.lookupit
B.tolookupit
C.lookitup
D.tolookitup
3.There_____alotofriceinthebag.
A.are
B.has
C.have
D.is
4.Theradioistoonoisy,wouldyouplease_______alittle?
A.turnitdown
B.turniton
C.stopitfrom
D.pickitup
5.Beijingwill_______beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes.
A.cover
B.coverwith
C.becovered
D.becoveredwith
6.Johnknows_______acomputer.
A.howtouse
B.howuse
C.howuses
D.whatuse
7.TheEnglishfor10,440is________.
A.tenthousand,fourhundredsandforty
B.tenthousand,fourhundredandforty
C.tenthousand,fourhundredforty
D.tenthousandandfour,forty
8.Isaw_______playinginthestreetatthattime.
A.them
B.they
C.their
D.theirs
9.Thereis_________intheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.
A.somethingdifficult
B.difficultsomething
C.nothingdifficult
D.difficultnothing
10.______allthestudentsinhisclass,XiaoMingwrites_______.
A.Of,mostcarefully
B.In,themostcareful
C.Of,verycarefully
D.In,muchmorecarefully
实践:
1.Ihavefourfriends.BothTomandPeter________fromtheUSA,
butneitherTomnorPeter________westernfood.
A.is,likes
B.are,likes
C.is,like
D.are,like
2.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Itis_______kilometreslong.
A.sixthousandssixhundredandseventy
B.sixthousandandsixhundredseventy
C.sixthousandssixhundredsseventy
D.sixthousandsixhundredandseventy
3.________myauntcomestostaywithusfor_______inourhometown.
A.Sometime,sometimes
B.Sometimes,sometime
C.Sometime,sometimes
D.Sometime,sometime
4.UncleWangwantedmetowaterthetrees.________.
A.Sodidus
B.Sowedid
C.SowasI
D.SoIdid
5.Nobodycangointothecinema_______aticket.
A.with
B.except
C.and
D.without
6.________isthemostpopularfootballplayerinyourcountry?
A.Whodoyouthink
B.Doyouthinkwho
C.Doyouthinkwhom
D.Whomdoyouthink
7._______hardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.
A.Towork
B.Work
C.Ifyouwork
D.Working
8.Thedresscost________moneythatshecouldntaffordtobuyit.
A.toomuch
B.somuch
C.somany
D.quitemuch
9.A:Youareverybeautifulinthenewskirt.
B:_______.
A.Itstoogood
B.Imsorrytohearthat
C.Thatsgreat
D.Itsquitegood
10.Suchathingwillnotbefoundeverywhere.Thatmeans________.
A.suchathingisnowheretobefound
B.suchathingcanbefoundsomewhere,butnoteverywhere
C.youcanneverfindsuchathing
D.suchathingcannotbefoundinanyplaces
11._____isclearthatlearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.
A.This
B.What
C.It
D.That
12.Hesaid________hewasateacher________hetaughtEnglish.
A.whether,that
B.that,thatand
C.,andthat
D.whether,butthat
13.Weshouldopenourmouth_____learnEnglishwell.
A.fororderto
B.inorderto
C.inorderthat
D.inorderfor
14.Itsagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.
A.tolaughat
B.tolaughingat
C.tobelaughedat
D.tohavelaughedat
15.Theboys______basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.
A.play
B.played
C.toplay
D.playing
Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”,其形式为“Therebe+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:
1.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.(紧挨着be动词的主语是adesk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)
2.Therearenttwochairsandadeskintheroom.(否定句)
3.Isthereanythingwrongwithyourears?(Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.)
4.Therewasntameetingyesterday,wasthere?(反意疑问句)
除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:
Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver.河里有几个孩子在游泳。
Therebe结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况:
通过上表可知:各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错,首要的问题是弄清楚Therebe与have所表示的意义。Therebe句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如,要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)Therewillhaveaclassmeetingtomorrow.(×)(2)Thereisgoingto/willbeaclassmeetingtomorrow.(√)有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如:ClassThreehaveamapofChinaonthewall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)ThereisamapofChinaonthewallinClassThree.(“地图”存在于三班)由此看来,Therewillhave是错误的。
复习Therebe句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:
1.Therebe句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。例如:
(1)Thereis_____onthefloor.
(2)Thereare_____onthefloor.
选项:A.catB.waterC.boxesD.football解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。
2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,some,few,afew,many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millionsof,no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,alittle,much等词的修饰。例如:
(1)Therewere_____studentsinourschool.
A.hundredsB.eighthundredC.eighthundredsof
(2)Thereis_____water.Youneedntgetsomemore.
A.fewB.littleC.much
解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。
3.注意不定代词的用法。
(1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Thereisnothinginthefridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如:Thereissomethinginterestingintodaysnewspaper.
4.Therebe句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。
如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:Thereisnobodyintheroom,isthere?
但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如:Thereissomethingunusualintheroom,isntthere?
5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。
有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如:(1)Thereis_____food.Youneedntbuyany.(2)Thereis_____food.Youhavetobuysome.(A.anyB.someC.no)从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C。
Therebe句型命题趋向有两个方面:一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。
下面是一些英语中考试题原题:
1.Thereare_____daysinaweek.
A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven
2.Therearefew_____inthefridge.Letsgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.
A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs
3.Look!Therearesome_____onthefloor.
A.childB.waterC.boxesD.girl
4.Thereweretwo_____peopleatyesterdaysmeeting.
A.hundredsB.hundredsofC.hundred
5.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasnt_____news.
A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few
6.—Oh,thereisntenough_____forusinthelift.
—Itdoesntmatter,letswaitforthenext.
A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room
7.There_____anEnglishEveningnextTuesday.
A.wasB.willbeC.willhaveD.aregoingtobe
8.There_____afootballgameinourschool.
A.hasB.willhaveC.willbe
9.Thereisgoingto_____areport_____Chinesehistoryinourschoolthisevening.
A.have;onB.be;onC.have;forD.be;of
10.Thereis_____foodhere.Wellhavetobuysome.
A.anyB.someC.no
11.Thereis_____inthebag.Itsempty.
A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.somebody
12.Thereis_____knockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.
A.nobodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.everybody
13.—Isthere_____wrongwithme,doctor?
—Imafraidso.Yourheartisbeatingabittooslow.
A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing
14.Thereis_____interestingonthischannel.Tryothers.
A.nothing
B.none
C.anything
D.no
15.Thereis_____interestinginthefilm,so_____isinterestedinit.
A.something;nobodyB.nothing;somebody
C.anything;anybodyD.nothing;nobody
16.Thereis_____intodaysnewspaper.
A.nothingnewB.anythingnew
C.newanythingD.newsomething
17.Thereis_____intodaysnewspaper.
A.newanythingB.newsomething
C.anythingnewD.somethingnew
18.Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,_____?
A.bethereB.isthere
C.willthereD.wontthere
19.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.(改为反意疑问句)
Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,__________?
20.Thereissomethingunusualontheisland.(改为反意疑问句)
Thereissomethingunusualontheisland,__________?
Key:
●Therebe句型与中考试题
1—5DACCC
6—10DBCBC
11—15ABBAD
16—18ADD19.isthere20.isntthere
A.熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.
一般过去时:was/were+p.p.
一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.
现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.
现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.
过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.
含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:
①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.
A.speak
B.isspeaking
C.speaks
D.isspoken
(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.
A.weretold
B.istelling
C.wastold
D.tells
(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.
A.must
B.mustbe
C.has
D.have
(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)
B.明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;
2.强调动作的承受者。例如:
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
Thetree____________bythatboy.
(填wasbroken)
C.熟练转换
1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;
②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。
2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)
(填mustbethrownaway)
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)
Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)
D.注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:
1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:
①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)
→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.
②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.
(填wasgivento)
2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:
①Thisdictionarymustnt______fromthelibrary.
A.takeaway
B.takenaway
C.aretakenaway
D.betakenaway
[D]
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)
Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).
(填betakengoodcareof)
3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动语态)
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.
(填wasseento)
4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.
A.bebuilding
B.build
C.bebuilt
D.built
[C]
5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:
Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)
→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?
E.注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:
1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:
Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)
2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较:
Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)
IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)
F.牢记(相关)句型
初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:
1.becoveredwith被……覆盖
2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)
bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)
bemadein由(某地)制造
bemadeby被(某人)制造
3.beusedfor被用来……
beusedas被当作(作为)……来使用
beusedtodosth.被用来做某事
4.Itissaidthat...据说……
Itishopedthat...希望……
Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:
①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?
—Yes.ItsShanghai.
A.madeof;madeby
B.madeof;madein
C.madefor;madeby
D.madefor;madein
[B]
②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.
A.forkeeping
B.askeeping
C.keep
D.tokeeping
[A]
③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.
(填Itissaid;anotherbridge;built)
单项选择
I. 选出划线部分读音相异的词
1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily
2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front
3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter
4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north
5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood
6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.either
II.选择填空
7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3.
A.ofB.onC.inD.at
8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening.
A.doB.didC.doesD.doing
9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.
A.canB.mustC.mayD.need
10.---Imsorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.
---______.
A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.ThatsallrightD.Itdoesntmatter
11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown.
A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas
12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan.
A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost
13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago.
A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for
14.Please____theradio.Itstooloud.
A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup
15.Mr.Blackcouldntbuy___manythings.
A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves
16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer?
A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto
17.Youdbetter___lateforthemeeting.
A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not
18.Brucestudies___Dick.
A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas
19.Myparents___teachersofmaths.
A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth
20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please?
----___.Hesgonetothepostoffice.
A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.ImafraidnotD.Imnotsure
21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butits____onweekends(周末).
A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close
22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___.
A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis
23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?
--Onceamonth.
A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime
24.Whosgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway?
A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look
25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___?
A.isthereB.arentthereC.arethereD.isntthere
26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?
---_______.
A.Notatall.B.No,IwouldntC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit
27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic?
A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing
28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___.
A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton
29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland.
A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving
30.Thisjacket___cotton.
A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein
31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit.
A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to
完型填空
AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)when
they(2)eachmorning.Atnineoclock,themanager(经理)hadtodrawaredline(线)(3)
thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).When
therewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽搁)by
fog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"The
same".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythis
morning"insteadof(代替)"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirty
peoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.
1.A.numbers B.times C.namesD.excuses
2.A.arrivedB.left C.gotup D.met
3.A.on B.beside C.aboveD.under
4.A.out B.lateC.away D.sorry
5.A.rainB.fog C.snowD.traffic
6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote
7.A.elseB.onlyC.or D.here
8.A.last B.first C.oldD.young
9.A.withB.of C.or D.but
10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.Thesame
Passage1
WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"Itsasmalltown!"hethought.
Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.He
hasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思维)aremansthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughamans
eyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknew
nobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?
No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown.
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