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2011届中考英语数词语法复习

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数词
?(一)知识概要
?数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。所以数词主要有两种:基数词,用于计数,如:one,two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,台:first?second…其构成法如下:?
阿拉伯数字基数词序数词简写序数词
1onefirst1st
2twosecond2nd
3threethird3rd
4fourfourth4th
5fivefifth5th
6sixsixth6th
7sevenseventh7th
8eighteighth8th
9nineninth9th
10tententh10th
11eleveneleventh11th
12twelvetwelfth12th
13thirteenthirteenth13th
14fourteenfourteenth14th
15fifteenfifteenth15th
16sixteensixteenth16th
17seventeenseventeenth17th
18eighteeneighteenth18yh
19nineteennineteenth19th
20twentytwentieth20th
21twenty-onetwenty-first21st
30thirtythirtieth30th
40fortyfortieth40th
50fiftyfiftieth50th
60sixtysixtieth60th
70seventyseventieth70th
80eightyeightieth80th
90ninetyninetieth90th
100a(one)hundredhundredth100th
104onehundredandfourhundredandfourth104th
1000a(one)thounsandthounsandth1000th
10000tenthounsandtenthounsandth10000th
1000000onemillionmillionth1000000th
基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法,但都有特殊例外的几个字,所以除了要学会一般构成法之外,还要特别记熟一些例外。因它们在考试中出现的频率很高。
?1?基数词构成结构
?21~99的两位数字,在10位和个位之间加连字符构成,如89-eighty-nine.?101~999的三位数字,由hundred加and再加二位数或未位数字,如:101-onehundredandone,223-twohundredandtwenty-three.?四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下:
?1001-onethousandandone?5386-fivethousand,threehundredandeighty-six?要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。①前面有别的基数词时,即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时,其本身都不要加s,如:threehundredstudents。②若表示成百,成千或数百,数千时,前面不能有基数词,但其本身要用复数形式,然后+of+名词复数。如:thousandsandthousandsof。(成千上万)
?2?序数词的构成法
?序数词除first,second,third以外,其余一般在词尾加th构成,除一般略有差异的各别数词外,很容易掌握。其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词,其前面各位数字均不改变,都用基数词。
?3?其他数字表示法
?小数的小数点读作point,零读作o[?u]或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。?分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用onehalf,14用aquarter.13读作onethird而23读作twothirds。?百分数(%),读作percent(percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。?表示日期有两种说法和四种写法,如:2月1号英语表达法为:thefirstofFebruary而美语为February(the)first,但其书写上可有四种写法① February1②February1st③1stFebruary④1/2。?倍数的讲法有所不同。两倍用twice,而三倍以上用序数词加times,如:HehasthreetimesasmanybooksasIhave.
?(二)正误辨析
?[误]1107shouldbereadasathousandahundredasseven.
?[正]1107shouldbereadasonethousandonehundredandseven.
?[析]在读数字时,如:and前只有百或千时,用onehundred/onethousand还是ahundred/athousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时,则只能用one不要用a。如果没有and时,如:1100也只能读作onethousandonehundred或elevenhundred.
?[误]Idroveabouthalfmile.
?[正]Idroveabouthalfamile.
?[析]半小时为halfanhour,半天为halfaday,半镑为halfapound,尽量避免用halfayear,halfamonth,要用sixmonths,twoweeks或fifteendays要注意的是Halfoftheworkisdone?Halfofthebooksaresold.当Half作名词时,其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法,如:Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。
?[误]60studentsareplayingontheground.
?[正]Sixtystudentsareplayingontheground.
?[析]在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字,如数字过大则应放于句中,用阿拉伯数字。如:Thereare166studentsplayingontheground.
?[误]Hebecamefamousaroundfiftyyearsold.
?[正]Hebecamefamousinhisfifties.
?[析]inhisfifties50多岁时,而inthefiflies在50年代。
?[误]Thereareabouttwothousandsworkersinourfactory.
?[正]Thereareabouttwothousandworkersinourfactory?
?[析]几千,几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打),score(20年)等。
?[误]Inthemorningtherearehundredofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.
?[正]Inthemorningtherearehundredsofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.
?[析]当表达数百,数千时,要用hundredsof和thousandsof这一结构。
?[误]Theclassbeginsateighta.m.
?[正]Theclassbeginsat8a.m.
?[析]与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字,如:43%,67?,No.2…
?[误]Two?fifthofthebooksaresoldout.
?[正]Two?fifthsofthebooksaresoldout.
?[析]分数表示法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,但分子大于1时,分母要在序数词后?加s。
?[误]TomwasbornonJulyeighteen.
?[正]TomwasbornonJulyeighteenth.
?[析]月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。?美语July18读作Julyeighteenth?英语July18th读作Julytheeighteenth
?[误]Illgotoschoolat7∶30a.m.inthemorning.
?[正]Illgotoschoolat7∶30a.m/at7∶30inthemorning.
?[析]a.m即表达在早上之意,不要再用inthemorning.
?[误]Thefilmwillbeginatthreequarterspastone.
?[正]Thefilmwillbeginatonequartertotwo.
?[析]大于30分钟时不要使用past,而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。
?[误]Threetimethreeisnine.
?[正]Threetimesthreeisnine.
?[析]times此处作为"乘"讲一定要加s。?英语中乘除法表达式如下:
算法种类例句
加法一般Fiveandsixiseleven.
正式Fiveplussixis(equals)eleven.
减法一般Eighttakeawayfourleaves(is)four.
FourfromEightleaves(is)four.
正式Eightminusfourequals(is)four.
乘法一般Threefoursaretwelve3×4=12
正式Threetimesfourequals(is)twelve.
一般Twointofouristwo.
正式Fourdividedbytwoequalstwo.
(三)例题解析
?1?-Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool,Mike?
?-Thereareover___studentsinourschool.
?A.twothousandsB.twothousandsof
C.twothousandD.twothousandof
?[答案]C.
?[析]有基数词在前面时thousand,hundred等词不能加s,也不能加of结构,只有在thousandsof时才可以使用。
?2?Johnliveson___floor.Hedoesntusealifttogoupanddown.
?A.nineB.theninthC.ninthD.aninth
?[答案]B.
?[析]序数词前加定冠词,nine与ninth的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。
?3?WuDongwonthegirls___raceintheschoolsportsmeetinglastweek.
?A.100metresB.100?metresC.100metreD.100?metre
?[答案]D.
?[析]数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中,名词都不要加s,如:Ihavetowriteatwo?thousand?wordreport.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前,不能放于名词后,作后置定语,或用在be动词后作表语。
?4?Thereare___studentsinourschool.
?A.fourhundredtwentyB.fourhundredandtwenty?
C.fourhundredstwentyD.fourhundredsandtwenty
?[答案]B.
?5?-Howmanydaysarethereinayear?
?-Thereare___.
?A.threehundredsandsixty?five
B.threehundredssixty?five
?C.threehundredandsixty?five
D.threehundredsixtyfive
?[答案]C.
?6?Wehavelearnedabout___Englishwords.
?A.ninehundredsB.ninehundred
C.ninehundredofD.ninehundredsof
?[答案]B.
?7?Autumnis___seasonoftheyear.
?A.thirdB.thethreeC.thirdsD.thethird
?[答案]D.
?8?Theyarelearning___now.
?A.LessonEightB.theeightlesson
C.LessonEiththD.Eighthlesson
?[答案]A.
?[析]第几课,第几个门……,在英语中有两种说法,①LessonTwo,GateTwo但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。②thesecondlesson,thesecondgate首字母不要大写,并要注意有些缩写的读法。如:
?p.8-第8页(pageeight)
?$8.50-8.5美元(fivedollarsandfifty)
?电话号码66164532-(six,six,one,six,fourfive,three,two)
?9?Theboywassohungrythatheate___.
?A.threebowlsofricesB.threebowlofrice
?C.threebowlofricesD.threebowlsofrice
?[答案]D.
?[析]rice是不可数物质名词,而bowl是可数名词。
?10?Thereare___monthsinayear.
?A.twelveB.twelfC.twelvethD.twelfth
?[答案]A.

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2011届中考英语介词语法复习


介词?
(一)知识概要?
介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬。?
介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他
about大约在……时间?aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远?aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及?
talkaboutyou
above高出某一平面?
abovesealevel
across横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet
after在……之后?
aftersupper
跟……后面?
oneafteranother
追赶
runafteryou
against背靠逆风?
againstthewall,againstthewind
反对?
beagainstyou
among三者以上的中间?
amongthetrees
at在某时刻?
atten
在小地点?
attheschoolgate
表示速度?
athighspeed
向着,对着?
atme
before在……之前?
beforelunch
位于……之前?
sitbeforeme
behind位于……之后?
behindthetree
below低于……水平?
belowzero
不合格?
belowthestandard
by到……时刻,在……时刻之前
?byfiveoclock
紧挨着?
sitebysite
乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?
wasmadebyus
during在……期间duringtheholidays
for延续多长时间?
forfiveyears
向……去?
leaveforShanghai为了,对于
begoodforyou
from从某时到……某时?frommorningtillnight来自何方?
fromNewYork
由某原料制成bemadefrom
来自何处?
whereareyoufrom
in在年、月、周较长时间内?inaweek在里面?
intheroom
用某种语言?inEnglish穿着
inred
into进入……里面?
walkinto
除分?
divideinto
变动?
turnintowater
near接近某时?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark
of用某种原料制成?
bemadeof
属于……性质?
amapofU.S.A
on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?
onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于?abookonPhysics
over渡过一整段时间?workovernight在上方
overthedesk
超过,高于?overfivepairs
past超过某一时刻?
tenpastfive
经过某地?
walkpastthepark
since从某时以来?
since1980
原因?
Sinceyouwereill
through经过某一时期?throughhislife通过、穿过某地?
throughtheforest
till?until直到某时为止?tillfiveoclock
to差多少时间?
fivetoten
问,到,去往?
toShanghai
面对面?
facetoface
给予giveabooktome
under在……下面?
underthedesk
少于?
underten
在……管制之下undertherule
with用某种工具?withapen带着,具有
withme
without没有?
withoutair
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?
[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?
[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。
[误]Dontsleepatdaytime??
[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?
[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?
[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?
[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?
[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?
[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??
[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??
[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?
[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?
[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?
[析]在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?
[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?
[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?
[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYearsDay?
[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?
[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?
[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。?
[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?
[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.
[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。?
[误]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[析]On加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)?
[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.
[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.
[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终,终于"之意。?
[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?
[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?
[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?
[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态
[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?
[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?
[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。?
[误]Threedaysafterhedied.?
[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?
[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?
[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后。?
[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?
[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?
[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?
[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?
[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?
[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.?
[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?
[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?
[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?
[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.?
[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?
[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?
[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?
[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailorsshop(裁缝店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在书店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)
[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??
[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??
[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。?
[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。
[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光?"在……的路上"应用ononesway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。
[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?
[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor。?
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?
[析]getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?
[误]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.
[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.
[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?
[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?
[析]over还有一意为"跨越,横跨"。?
[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?
[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?
[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。
[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?
[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?
[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?
[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思:①横过,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?
[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?
[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?
[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?
[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??
[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??
[析]beside是"在……旁边",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。?
[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??
[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?
[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?
[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?
[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。?bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicycle?
byship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabus?
byplane=onaplane
byair空运
byland陆运?
bysea海运
onfootonhorseback?
byphonebyletterbyradio?
byairmailbyhand?
[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?
[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?
[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?
[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?
[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?
[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。?
[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?
[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。?
[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?
[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?
[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。?
[误]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?
[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?
[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?
[误]Hewasgoodforskating.?
[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?
[析]begoodat为"擅长某事",而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。?
[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[析]这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?
[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?
[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?
[误]Heisagreewithme.?
[正]Heagreeswithme.?
[误]Heagainstsme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?
[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?
[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?
[析]hearfrom即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??
[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??
[析]作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点,如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?
[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??
[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??
[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)?
[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?
[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?
[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?
[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?
[析]becauseof后接名词,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?
(三)例题解析?
1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?
-Notatall.?
A?inB?onC?atD?for?
[答案]D.?
[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?
2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??
A?byB?inC?withD?from
[答案]B.?
[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.
A?after,of,inB?at,of,inC?after,in,onD?at,of,on?
[答案]D.?
[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。?
4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?
A?atB?inC?onD?to
[答案]C.?
[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?
5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?
A?offB?nearC?onD?between
[答案]C.?
6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?
A?toB?inC?withD?about
[答案]C.?
[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。?
7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?
-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?
A?inB?atC?onD?for
[答案]C.?
8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??
A? toB? atC? withD? for
[答案]D.?
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool
9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??
A? forB? atC? inD? after
[答案]C.?
[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?
10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??
A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989
C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?
[答案]B.?
[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。?
11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp?
A? withoutB? underC? forD? with
[答案]A.?
[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 
而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp??
12? Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses??
A? byB? throughC? onD? in
答案]B.?
[析]through为穿过……。?
13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??
A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to
[答案]C.?
[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??
A? onB? inC? fromD? at
[答案]A.?
[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。?
15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??
A? inB? onC? atD? with
?[答案]A.?
[析]inline为排队。?
16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??
AbytheendofBattheendofCtotheendofDtilltheendof?
[答案]A.?
[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合?
17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork??
A? inB? onC? aboutD? with
[答案]D.?[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。?
18? JohnhitJack___face??
A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis
[答案]B.?
[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?
19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978??A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?
[答案]D.?[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??
A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for
[答案]B.?
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。
21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??
A? underB? forC? withoutD? from
[答案]C.?
22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___her?
A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for
[答案]B.?
[析]shoutat为"冲某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"?
23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?
A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of
[答案]A.?[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。?
24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??
A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between
[答案]B.?[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。?
25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949?
A? withB? onC? sinceD? in
[答案]D.?
[析]在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。?
26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??
A? inB? afterC? onD? at
[答案]B.?
[析]这句话应译为:几天之后Mr? Black到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。?
27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??
-Yes,hehas??
A? fromB? withC? onD? in?
[答案]C.?[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。?
28? Youmaydepend___him? Heis___honestman
A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the
[答案]C.?
[析]dependon为"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不发音。?
29? ___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??
A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For
[答案]B.?[析]Toonesjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"?
30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?
A? forB? atC? upD? after
[答案]C.?
[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。?
31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in
[答案]B.?
[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree? 
而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。?
32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
?A.inB.byC.onD.at
[答案]B.?
[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
?[答案]D.?[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。
?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
?[答案]C.?[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。
?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
?[答案]C.?[析]attheageof在几岁时。
?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.
?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
?[答案]C.
?[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37?Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.
?A.onB.inC.atD.of
?[答案]A.
?[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
?A.toB.onC.inD.about
?[答案]C.?[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。
?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.?
A.inB.onC.forD.with?[答案]D.
?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
?A.inB.withC.forD.on?[答案]A.

2011届中考英语冠词语法复习


二、冠词?
(一)知识概要
冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。
(二)正误辨析
[误]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.
[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.
[析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:Thereisa“n”intheword.是错句,应为:Thereisan“n”intheword.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音,所以应该用anhour。例如:
Ineedanhourtofinishthework.
Itisausefuldictionary.
ItisaEuropeancountry.
Iboughtausedcar.
[误]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy…。
[误]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry,Iminhurry.”
[正]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry.Iminahurry.”
[析]不定冠词的主要用法如下:?
1.用来表示一类人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.
2.指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.
3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
4.相当于“one”的概念,如:Ijustboughtanewdictionary.
5.其主要的难点是用在固定词组中:
如:haveawalk/arest/alook
又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙
makeaface作鬼脸
dosomebodyafavour帮某人忙
anumberof=many
又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)
haveacold(感冒)
haveaheadache(头痛)
haveabreak=havearest
[误]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.
[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.
[析]在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。?
[误]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.
[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.
[析]虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。?
[误]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.
[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.
[析]世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.
[误]Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[析]在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.
[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.
[析]在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二,而其意在于再学一个,再来一个时,应用a,本句的意思应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。
[误]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[正]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[析]在河流名称前应加定冠词,如:theYellowRiver(黄河)。
[误]Look,thereareAlp.
[误]Look,therearetheAlp.
[正]Look,therearetheAlps.
[析]具体的某一座山不加定冠词,如:MountainTai.但在山名称前加定冠词后,其山名要加s,来表示山脉。theAlps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.
[误]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[正]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[析]报刊名称前应加定冠词。?
[误]Richarenotalwayshappy.
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.
[析]在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人,而在姓的前面加定冠词,姓后加s表示某一家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.
[误]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[析]物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。?
[误]Thesunrisesineast.
[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.
[析]在方向、方位前应用定冠词,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture
[误]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone
[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone
[析]在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词,?
如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡
thePanamaCanal巴拿马运河
theSuezCanal苏伊士运河
[误]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper
[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper
[析]泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。?
[误]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.
[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.
[析]一年四季前不用定冠词,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.
[误]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.
[正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.
[析]有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词,如:gotoschool上学,leaveschool(辍学),afterschool(放学),但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词,如例句中其父母来校不是上学,而是看望孩子,则要加定冠词。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去医院看望他的母亲。
[误]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.
[正]Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.
[析]在惯用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。
[误]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.
[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.
[析]这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处,也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(击),hold(握),pull(拉)…动词后应加人,再加介词on,by,in,with…之后要加定冠词,再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their,等词。
[误]Hewaspaidbyhour.
[正]Hewaspaidbythehour.
[析]by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为:他的工资是按小时计算的。
[误]IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkbycar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.
[析]by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具,而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如:bycar(坐小汽车)bytaxi(坐出租车)bybike(骑自行车)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飞机)bysea(乘船)
[误]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.
[正]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.
[析]在乐器前要加定冠词,而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词,如:Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他们空闲时爱打桥牌)
[误]Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.
[正]Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.
[析]英语中虽有一些名词与goto连用时不加定冠词,以表示该名词的内涵,如:gotoschool(上学),gotobed(睡觉)等,但去看电影则例外,要用gotothecinema.这也是语言的一个特点。
[误]Iliveat105theLakestreet.
[正]Iliveat105LakeStreet.
[析]街道名称前不用冠词。?
[误]NextsummerholidayIwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.
[正]NextsummerholidayIwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.
[析]country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式,作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如:Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.
[误]Thepicturelooksbetteratthedistance.
[正]Thepicturelooksbetteratadistance.
[析]atadistance意为“离开一定距离”。而inthedistance为“远方,远处”。这样常用的词组有:
asarule(照例)
inahurry(匆忙)
inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)
inthesun(在阳光下)
intherain(雨中)
inthesameway(同样)
intheshade(在阴凉处)
inthedaytime(白天)
intheend(最终)
ontheotherhand(换句话说)
onthecontrary(相反)
[误]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.
[正]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.
[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,如:?
bitbybit(逐渐)
dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)
dayandnight(日日夜夜)
facetoface(面对面)
fromAtoZ(自始至终)
fromtimetotime(再三)
handinhand(手拉手)
shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩)
(三)例题解析
1MrLiis___oldworker.
AaBanCsomeD/
[答案]B.
[析]an用于元音音素开始的单词前。
2Englishis___usefullanguagein___world.
Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the
[答案]B.
[析]因useful的第一个音素是[j],它是辅音音素。
3What___interestingbookitis?
AaBanCtheD/
[答案]B.
[析]这是感叹句,因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
4Hewillbebackin___hour.
A/BtheCaDan?
[答案]D.
[析]因hour的首字母h不发音。
5Thereis___mapintheclassroom.___mapisonthewall.
Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A
[答案]C.
[析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词,而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。
6Lookat___picture!Theres___houseinit.
Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,a
?[答案]D.
[析]虽然是第一次提到,但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画,所以应选择D。
7Thereis___orangeinthebottle.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。
8Beijingis___capitalofourcountry.
AtheBanC/Da
?[答案]A.
[析]capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。
9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youllget___“A”inthetest.
AanB/CtheDa
?[答案]A.
[析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。
10Heusuallygoestoschoolon___foot.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]onfoot意为走路上学,是习惯用法。

2011届中考英语动词语法复习


动词

?(一)知识概要

?动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多,但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。①时态:初中范围主要有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,将来时与过去将来时六种时态。②语态:主动语态与被动语态。③助动词和情态动词。④非谓语动词,也就是不定式,动名词及现在分词的用法。?时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。

?1?一般现在时:主要有以下三方面,①用来表示状态,特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物质有三态。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthesun??②表?示习惯性和经常发生的动作,如:Ioftengotobedat9∶30?③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作,如:AssoonasIgetthereIlltelephoneyou.

?2?一般过去时:① 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,如:Iwasilllastweek?②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.

?3?一般将来时:用于表示将要发生的动作,其构成方式①用will(shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生,或经常、将要发生的动作或状态,如:SchoolwillbeginonSepember1st?②用begoingto+动词原形,用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如:?Im?goingtoswimthisafternoon?③be+现在分词,也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来,如:?Im?coming。这些动词只限于:go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

?4?现在进行时:用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow?要注意的是表示状态,情感的某些词没有现在进行时,这些动词有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect…

?5?过去将来时:用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如:Hetoldmehewouldcometomyparty?

?6?现在完成时与过去完成时:现在完成时的两个用处是:① 用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在,如:IvestudiedEnglishfortwoyears?②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在,如:Ihaventhadmybreakfast.soImhungrynow?现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:Ihaventseenmyoldteacherforalongtime?我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:YesterdayIsawmyoldteacher.Ihadntseenhimforalongtime.因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbegun?如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbeenonforfiveminutes??语态:英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子中的主语是动作的执行者,如:Ibrokethewindow?而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语,如:Thewindowwasbrokenbyme?被动语态主要用于,动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出来,如:TheNewbuildingwasbuiltlastweek?关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态Isawhimcomein.?被动语态Hewasseentocomein.?助动词和情态动词:助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can,could,may,might,will,would,must(haveto),shall,should。?最后要谈论的是非谓语动词,非谓语动词分为不定式,和动词的ing形式,(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:Toseeistobelieve.(百闻不如一见)Hewanttoseeafilm?还可以作补足语,如:Hewantsmetoleave.也可以作状语,如:IcomeheretolearnEnglish.?动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeswimmingverymuch.而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如:Thegirldrivingacarishersister.(定语)Didyounoticehishandshaking?(宾语补足语)

Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(状语)

(二)正误辨析

?[误]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.

?[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.

?[析]考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:

?lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物动词)

?lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物动词)

?lie(说谎)lied,lied,lying

?[误]Pleaseriseyourhand.

?[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.

?[析]rise是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物动词。

?[误]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdontlikeswimmingthisafternoon.

?[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.

?[析]like作为"喜欢"讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。?但要注意的是like与would连用时则一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme??再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词"像"讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。

?[误]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice?

?[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?

?[析]hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listento的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同,look重于"看"的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。

?[误]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?

?[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently?

?[析]英语中see与watch各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。

?[误]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.

?[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.

?[析]hang有两个含义,①"挂",它的过去时与过去分词是hung,hung;②"绞刑",这时它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词则为hanged,hanged。

?[误]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook?

?[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?

?[析]"借"在英文中有三个词,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词,而keep是延续性动词。如HowlongcanIkeepit?

?[误]Wehavewonyourclass.

?[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.

?[析]win是及物动词,其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语,应是人、队、班级等等,如:Wewonthegame.

?[误]Ileftmykey.

?[正]Iforgotmykey.

?[正]Ileftmykeyathome.

?[析]leave是"丢下",其后一定要接地点状语,而forget其后不要接地点状语。

?[误]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.

?[正]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.

?[析]bring为"带来"如:Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take为"带走",fetch为"去某处取什么回来",如:Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus??要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组,如:?takeaway拿走takeback收回takedown取下?takeoff脱下take…out拿出takeplace发生?takeholdof拿住takepartin参加takeaseat坐下?takeonesplace替代takealook看看takeonesturn轮流?takeamessage捎信takecareof照看takeiteasy别着急?takeonestime慢慢来takeonestemperature测量体温

?[误]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.

?[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.

?[析]reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词,如:Ireachedthehotelat8∶30?但作"伸手去拿",则要用reachforsomething。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive(in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和getto.要注意的是与get有关的词组有:?getback回来getin收割getinto进入getoff下车?geton上车getout出去getup起床getto到达?getreadyfor=bereadyfor?getonwellwith与人相处融洽?get加比较级为变得如何,例如:?getcolderandcolder.

?[误]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.

?[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.

?[析]英文中的"花费"有4个spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend与pay所在句中的主语应为人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.而cost与take的主语则是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.

?[误]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.

?[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.

?[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.

?[析]要注意open是动词也是形容词,而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。?

[误]Pleasewaitaminute.Imhavingonmyclothes.

?[正]Pleasewaitaminute.Imputtingonmyclothes.

?[析]英语中的穿衣服要分状态,是什么样的穿着打扮,还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用进行时态,它多用一般时态,如:Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear则多用进行时来表示状态,如:Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示动作的词中puton是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldntdressthemselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词,如:Heisdressedinwhite.

?[误]Mycomputercantbegin.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?

?[正]Mycomputercantstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?

?[析]begin与start均可指"开始",而且常常可以互换,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.但是在两种情况下不宜用begin而要用start,①当作机器开动、发动讲,如:Mycarcantstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作为"旅途开始"讲,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.

?[误]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.

?[正]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.

?[析]find是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是found,found,而found又是另外一词"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词是foundedfounded,如:ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.

?[误]Please.LetsspeakinEnglish.

?[正]Please.LetsspeakEnglish.

?[正]Please.LetstalkinEnglish.

?[误]CanyouspeakitEnglish?

?[正]CanyousayitinEnglish?

?[析]英文中"说"有4个常用词say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk,如:Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词,其他情况是不及物动词。say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用双宾语,如:Tellusastory.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如:Tellthetruth.

?[误]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese?

?[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese?

?[析]tell…from为固定词组,即分辨两者的不同。

?[误]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot?

?[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot?

?[析]excuseme用于未打扰对方前,以提醒对方注意的用语,而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。

?[误]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus?

?[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus?

?[析]carefor后接不定式时,要省略for,或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea.carefor作"照顾"讲时与lookafter相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有:

?askfor请求callfor接人,请人carefor关心?

goinfor从事answerfor负责lookfor寻找

?waitfor等待sendfor请人payfor付款?

searchfor寻找leavefor去某地preparefor准备?

thanksomebodyforsomething为某事向某人道谢。

?[误]Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igottoit.

?[正]Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.

?[析]understand这一词没有进行时态,如同感观动词love、hate…Igotit是美语,即Iunderstoodit。要记住get作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词,如:Illgettotheschoolat8a.m.?初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下:?belongto属于cometo苏醒pointto(at)指着?getto到达referto谈到stickto坚持?leadto导致turnto翻到lookforwardto期望?agreeto同意

?[误]Themeathasgonebadly.

?[正]Themeathasgonebad.

?[析]英语中go,get,become,turn作为转变时,其后接形容词,这时这些动词应被看作系动词。

?[误]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.

?[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.

?[析]如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时,则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实,所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。

?[误]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIllbeback.

?[正]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.

?[析]在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来,如:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.

?[误]Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.

?[正]Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.

?[析]在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时,依然要用一般现在时表示将来,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyoullcomehereornot.

?[误]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?

?[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?

?[析]在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时,如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday?

?[误]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididntgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenitbefore.

?[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.IdidntgowiththembecauseIhadseenitbefore.

?[析]现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点,它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时;如动作截止到过去,用过去完成时。例如:IvelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到现在为止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(动作截止到上大学那时,即截止于过去)

?[误]Imfeelingwellnow.

?[正]Ifeelwellnow.

?[析]瞬间动词有些无进行时态,它们是:?表示思维状态的词:believe,feel,forget,imagine,know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want?表示感情的动词:care,like,dolike,love,mind,hate,fear?表示状态的词:belong,own?感观动词:feel,hear,see,smell,taste

?[误]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork?

?[正]Whendidyoudothiswork?

?[析]when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。

?[误]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.

?[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.

?[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人现在不在这里。havebeento是到过某地,现在此人在说话现场。

?[误]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.

?[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.

?[析]截止性动词有完成时态,但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如:WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.?但要讲WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes这样的用法还有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天买的这本书。?Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.这本书我已买了两天了。

?Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。

?Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。

?Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父亲是5年前去世的。

?Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父亲已去世5年了。

?[误]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?

?[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons?

?[析]有些动词不易用完成时态,它们是understand,think,believe,know(知道)

?[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.

?[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.

?[析]在讲述过去的历史事件时,总要用过去时而不要用完成时,而且happen,breakout,takeplace作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。

?[误]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.

?[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.

?[析]在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中,某一突然事件发生,这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时),而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时),如:Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.

?[误]Pleasebuyabookforme.

?[正]Pleasebuymeabook.

?[正]Pleasebuyabooktome.

?[析]在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,如:Buymeabook中me是间接宾语,而abook是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置,其后应加to,如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.

?[误]Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.

?[正]Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.

?[析]在主动语态中,有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语,如:Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果变为被动语态时,则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语,如:Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如变为被动语态时,则没有变化。如:Hewasseencomingintothebookstore.

?[误]Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell?

?[正]Hownicethebookis!Doesitsellwell?

?[析]有些动词可以表示一种动作,但也可以用来表示某种性质,表示动作时可用被动语态,在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如:

?Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。

?Thiscardriveseasily.这车容易驾驶。

?Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服好洗。

?在作上述表达时,不要用被动语态。而要讲:

?Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(这种书卖完了)

?Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.这时要用被动语态,因为它描述的是具体动作。

?[误]MustIdoitnow??

No.youmustnt.

?[正]MustIdoitnow??No,youneednt.

?[析]need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词,其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时,如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用neednt,即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.

?[误]Isthisbookyours?

?Yes,Its.

?[正]Isthisbookyours??

Yes,Itis.

?[析]在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式,而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式,如:No.Itisnt.

?[误]Illhavemybikerepairtomorrow.

?[正]Illhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.

?[析]have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为:让某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearnhowtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmight??have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事,则用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.

?[误]Illgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.

?[正]Illgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.

?[析]have与get的用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。相同之处,如:havesomethingdone,也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething但不同之处在于havesomebodydosomething在用get时则要用getsomebodytodosomething。

?[误]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaventtostudyafullday?

?[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdonthavetostudyafullday.

?[析]haveto不得不,而donthaveto为其否定式。

?[误]IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hemustntbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.

?[正]IsTomintheclassroom?No.HecantbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.

?[析]must加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测,而表示否定的推测则要用cant。

?[误]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoreadwithoutglasses.

?[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.

?[析]can(could)多用于表达客观的事实,主观能力,而beableto则多用于表达主观的意愿。

?[误]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Sheshouldbeasleep.

?[正]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Shemustbeasleep?

?[析]should用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该",如:Youshoulddoyourhomeworkrightaway.而must加动词原形表示一种推测。

?[误]Doyouliketogowithus?

?[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus?

?[析]Doyoulike…问的是习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?而wouldyoulike是一次性的邀请。

?[误]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.

?[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.

?[析]usedto共有三种用法,①表示过去的习惯,如:Iusedtolivewithmyparents.?②表示?过去的习惯延续到现在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被动语态,如: ?Oilis?usedtocook?

?[误]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.

?[正]Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.

?[析]不定式作主语时,应视为单数主语,特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时,如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth.

?[误]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.

?[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.

?[析]某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语,它们是:asksomebodytodosomething要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告诉某人做某事还有prepare准备,decide决定,happento碰巧,seem似乎。

?[误]hetoldmetodriveacar.

?[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.

?[析]要学会疑问词加不定式的用法,特别要注意的是what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的,因how是疑问副词,不能作及物动词的宾语,而what是疑问代词,可做do的宾语,所以whattodo后不要加it。

?[误]Iamverygladmeetingyou.

?[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.

?[析]许多形容词后加不定式,这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度,如:glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,careful,surprised。

?[误]Imtoogladforseeingyou.

?[正]Imtoogladtoseeyou.

?[析]这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为:我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为:见到你太高兴了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth?应译为:她很诚实,不会不讲实话。

?[误]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.

?[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.

?[析]这是too…to的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。

?[误]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.

?[正]Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.

?[析]在句中表示某动作的目的时,要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。

?[误]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.

?[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.

?[析]当不定式作后置定语时,将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则其后面的介词不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.这样的用法还有:Iwanttofindaroomtolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.

?[误]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.

?[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.

?[析]beaboutto是表达较近的即将发生的动作,可用来表示将来时,或按计划、安排的事。

?[误]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.

?[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.

?[析]在不定式作宾语时,下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。①句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者,如:Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者,如:Couldyoufindmeajobtodo?③在形容词之后的不定式,如:Englishisdifficulttolearn.

?[误]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idlove.

?[正]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idloveto.

?[析]在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留,如:?Ihadto(不得不作)Imgoingto(打算作)Iusedto(过去习惯作)?Idloveto(喜欢作)Ihopeto(希望作某事)Illbegladto(高兴作)

?[误]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme?

?[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme?

?[析]在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,notice。

?[误]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.

?[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.

?[析]在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。

?[误]Please?Letmychildtotryitagain.

?[正]Please?Letmychildtryitagain.

?[析]在make,have,let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

?[误]Whynottodoitagain?

?[正]Whynotdoitagain?

?[析]Whynot,youdbetter后接不带to的不定式,如:Youdbettergo.但要注意的是它的否定式是Youdbetternotgo.

?[误]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelptocry.

?[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelpcrying.

?[析]canthelp+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。

?[误]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.

?[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.

?[析]现在分词作定语有正在的含义,如:fallingleave正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallenleaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。

?[误]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice?

?[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice?

?[析]感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语,表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作,而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。

?[误]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.

?[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.

?[正]Iwanttogoshopping.

?[析]shop作买东西讲时,要用goshopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有:?goboating划船gosailing航海goskating滑冰?goshooting射击godancing去跳舞gofishing钓鱼?goswimming去游泳……不要用错,也不要改为其他式,因为这是习惯用法。

?[误]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.

?[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.thestudentsstoppedtalking.

?[析]stoptodosomething是停下来去做某事,而stopdoingsomething则是停止做某事。

?[误]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.

?[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.

?[析]remember后接不定式是记着去做某事,即该动作并没有完成。而remember后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。

?[误]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.

?[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.

?[析]在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy,千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时,其后接动名词表示习惯性动作,接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作,而wouldyoulike后面则一定要用不定式。

?[误]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.

?[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoplayfootball.

?[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。

?[误]Hesbusytopreparehislessons.

?[正]Hesbusypreparinghislessons.

?[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。

?(三)例题解析

?1?MrZhangaskedme___thewordsagain.

?A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading

[答案]C.[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。

?2?You___playontheroad.Itsdangerous.

?A.mustntB.mayC.canD.must

?[答案]A.?[析]must用于否定句表示禁止做某事。

?3?MrBrown___inBeijingsince1993.

?A.workB.worksC.workedD.hasworked

?[答案]D.

?[析]句中有since引导的时间状语,因此句中要用完成时态。

?4?I___aletterwhenmymothercamein.

?A.writeB.amwritingC.waswritingD.willwrite

?[答案]C.

?[析]当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作,而写信是一个长动作,所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态,表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。

?5?Itsnotanimportantparty,youneednt___.

?A.payforitB.wearitoutC.tryitoutD.dressupforit

?[答案]D.?[析]payfor-为某物,某人付款,wearout-穿坏,磨破,tryout-选拔,挑选,而dressup-梳妆打扮。

?6?CanI___abikefromhim?

?A.lendB.returnC.giveD.borrow

?[答案]D.

?[析]borrowsomethingfrom…为向某人某处借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介词应用to。

?7?-MustIstayathome?

?-No,you___.

?A.mustntB.needntC.maynotD.cannot?[答案]B.

?[析]neednt为"没有必要必须做某事",而mustnt为"禁止做",cannot为"不能做"。根据题意是:你不一定待在家里。

?8?-Howlonghaveyou___here?

?-Abouttwomonths.

?A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived?[答案]A.

?[析]havebeenhere是个状态,可以与后面的长时间状语连接,而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。

?9?Stamps___bypeopleforsendingletters.

?A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused?[答案]D.

?[析]这里是被动语态,意为邮票被人们用来发信。

?10?TheradiosaysTianjinwillbe___tomorrow.

?A.rainsB.rainC.rainedD.rainy

?[答案]D.?[析]rainy为形容词作表语。

?11?Ifyoudontknowthisword,___inthedictionary.

?A.lookforitB.lookatitC.lookafteritD.lookitup

?[答案]D.?[析]lookup查字典,与look有关的词组有:

lookabout四周环视

lookafter照顾

lookaround周围,四处看

lookat看

lookback回顾

lookfor寻找

lookforwardto期待

lookout当心

looklike看上去像

12?Myfathertoldme___playonthestreet.

?A.notB.tonotC.nottoD.didnot

?[答案]C.?[析]不定式的否定式是nottodosomething.

13?Thereisgoingto___anEnglishpartythisevening.

?A.beB.hasC.haveD.is

?[答案]A.

?[析]这里是therebe无生命的"有"加助动词的句型,即therewillbe,而没有therehave的句型。

?14?There___nobusstopherelastyear.

?A.isB.wasC.areD.were?[答案]B.

?[析]lastyear为去年,所以用过去时。而therebe句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.

?15?Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifit___tomorrow.

?A.isntrainB.rainsC.wontrainD.doesntrain

?[答案]D.?[析]在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。

?16?Bikesmustnt___everywhere.

?A.beputB.beputtedC.putD.putting?[答案]A.

?[析]这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下:?

putaway放好

putoff推迟

uton穿上

putout扑灭

putdown放下

17?NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimei___Harbin.

?A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto

?[答案]B.?[析]hasbeento是去过某处。

?18?Itscoldtodayyoudbetter___morecoats.

?A.putonC.toputonD.totakeoff

?[答案]A.

?[析]dbetter其后加不带to的不定式,而puton为"穿上"。

?19?Henry___abirthdaycardforSamyesterday.

?A.hasboughtB.buysC.boughtD.willbuy?[答案]C.

?[析]因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语,所以应用过去时态。?

20?WhenIgottothefactory,theworkers___aboutthefilim.

?A.aretalkingB.talkedC.weretalkingD.havetalked

?[答案]C.

?[析]状语从句中所用的动词为过去时,则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作,所以要用过去进行时。

21?Nohurry,please___yourtime.

?A.takeB.bringC.carryD.catch

?[答案]A?[析]takeonestime慢慢来别着急。?

22?Ienjoy___thelightmusic.

?A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.hearingD.tohear

?[答案]B.

?[析]enjoy与finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。?

23?Please___assoonasyougetthere.

?A.ringmeupB.ringupmeC.wakemeupD.wakeupme

?[答案]A.

?[析]ringup打电话,而wakeup唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时,一定要放在动词与介词之间。?

24?WhenI___,Iwanttobeateacher.

?A.growsupB.growupC.shallgrowD.grewup

?[答案]B.

?[析]growup长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来,即使主句也用的是一般现在时,但它含有将来之意。

?25?Icalledhimandhe___tohaveatalkwithme.

?A.stopB.stopsC.stopedD.stopped

?[答案]D.

?[析]这是由and连接的两个并列句,所以时态应保持一致。?26?-Wouldyouplease___meanevaser,Lucy?

?-Certainly.Hereyouare.

?A.borrowB.lendC.borrowedD.lent

?[答案]B.

?[析]wouldyouplease其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形,而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。

?27?Trees___inspring.

?A.plantB.wereplantedC.shouldbeplantedD.shouldplant

?[答案]C.?

[析]should用于一般现在时态中表示应该,而此句又是被动语态。

28?-Wheresyourfather?

?-He___toParis.

?A.goB.goesC.wentD.hasgone

?[答案]D.

?[析]hasgone是已去某处了,不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。?

29?-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow?

?-No,you___.Youcandoitathome.

?A.mustntB.maynotC.needntD.can

?[答案]C.

?[析]neednt表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问,肯定句用must,否定句用neednt.?

30?Thankyouverymuchfor___yourbook___me.

?A.lending,toB.lent,toC.borrow,fromD.borrowing,from

?[答案]A.

?[析]for是介词,要用动名词作介词宾语。

?31?TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.

?A.blowingB.blow.C,blowsD.toblow

?[答案]A.

?[析]stop…fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。

?32?ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifit___finetomorrow.

?A.willbeB.isC.shallbeD.was?[答案]B.

?33?Ourteacheralwaystellsus___inthestreet.Itstoodangerous.

?A.dontplayB.nottoplayC.toplayD.notplay

?[答案]B.?[析]不定式的否定式为nottodo。?

34?Englishisausefullanguage.It___widelyintheworld.

?A.isspokenB.wasspokenC.canspeakD.willspeak

?[答案]A.?[析]本句为被动语态。

?35?Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.It___abird.

?A.looksatB.lookslikeC.looksforD.looksafter

?[答案]B.?[析]looklike像……,其中like为介词。

?36?-Look!WhatsWangPingdoingoverthere?

?-She___underabigtree.

?A.singsB.sangC.hassungD.issinging?[答案]D.

?37?You___seeadoctor.Youvegotabadcold.

?A.willB.aregoingtoC.hadbetterD.could

?[答案]C.?[析]hadbetter最好,意为一种真心的劝告。

38?Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease___?

?A.turndownitB.turnitdownC.toturndownitD.toturnitdown

?[答案]B.?[析]wouldyouplease后面加动词原形。?

39?Couldyoutellmeifit___tomorrow?

?A.rainsB.israiningC.willrainD.rain?[答案]C.

?[析]if从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时,而不能用一般现在时表示将来。

40?Suddenlyoneofthebags___thetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.

?A.felloutB.felldownC.felloffD.willbe?[答案]C.

?[析]falloff掉落,与off有关的词组有?seeoff送行giveoff散发shutoff关闭kickoff踢掉turnoff关闭getoff下车jumpoff跳下showof炫耀takeoff脱下payoff付清

41?He___atthisschoolsincetwoyearsago.

?A.wasB.hasbeenC.isD.willbe

?[答案]B.?[析]since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。

?42?Shedoesntknow___.

?A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo

?[答案]B.

?[析]when,how,where均为疑问副词,而what为疑问代词,又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为whentodoit,howtodoit,wheretodoit.

?43?Mustolderpeople___topolitely.

?A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken?[答案]D.

?[析]这句话的主动语态应为Peoplemustspeakpolitelytoolderpeople?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。?

44?Teachersusuallyasktheirstudents___loudlyinclass.

?A.tospeakB.speakC.speaksD.spoke?[答案]A.

?[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。?

45?-WhereisMrZhang?

?-Look!He___onabigmachineoverthere.

?A.worksB.workedC.isworkingD.hasworked

?[答案]C.

?[析]由look,liston等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。

46?Theresafootballmatch.Please___theTVatonce.Letswatchtogether.

?A.turnonB.takeoffC.turnoffD.goon?[答案]A.

?[析]turnon打开。与turn有关的词组有:turnagainst背叛turnon打开turn+颜色变为某种颜色turnoff关闭turnover翻转turnto翻到某页turninto变为turnup向上翻

47?Pleasetellmewhere___haveourpicnictomorrow.

?A.wewillB.willweC.willD.willyou?[答案]A.

?[析]where引导的从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。

?48?We___Englishforthreeyearsalready.AndwecanspeakalittleEnglishnow.

?A.learnB.havelearnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn

?[答案]B.

?[析]for+表示一段长度的时间词,应与完成时相呼应。

?49?Atlast,LinFengmadethebaby___andbegintolaugh.

?A.stoptocryB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.tostopcrying

?[答案]B.

?[析]makesomebodydo(ordoing)something,stopdoing意为停止做某事。

?50?Ourclassroommust___cleaneveryday.

?A.keepB.tokeepC.bekeptD.tobekept?[答案]C.

?[析]应为被动语态。

?51?Ihearthere___asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.

A.isgoingtohaveB.willhave?C.isgoingtobeD.aregoingtobe

?[答案]C.

?[析]这是hear的宾语从句是therebe句型。而且是用了begoingto形式。

?52?Itsgettingcolder,Peter.Youdbetter_thiscoatwithyou.

?A.bringB.carryC.takeD.get?[答案]C.

?[析]bring带来,take带走。

?53?Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.?It___everyday.

?A.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanedD.iscleaned

?[答案]D.

?[析]这里表达的是经常的一种状态,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。?

54?Ifyouarenotcarefulinthestreet,acarmay___you.

?A.hurtB.hitC.runD.catch

?[答案]B.?[析]hit撞上,碰上,击中

?55?Thefarmerswerebusy___readyforthenextyear.

?A.gotB.gettingC.togetD.get?[答案]B.

?[析]bebusy后应用动词的ing形式。

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