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中考英语语法考点知识复习:指示代词

老师会对课本中的主要教学内容整理到教案课件中,大家在认真写教案课件了。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“中考英语语法考点知识复习:指示代词”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

2012年中考英语考点19指示代词

表示“这个”,“那个”,“这些”,“那些”等意思的代词叫做指示代词。指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式

1、指示代词用法:

(1)作主语:

Thisisthewaytodoit.这事儿就该这样做。

ThisiswhatIwanttoemphasize.这就是我想强调的。

Thisisachair.这是一把椅子。

ThatisLindasbook.这是琳达的书。

Whosepensarethose?那些是谁的钢笔。

(2)作宾语:

Weshouldalwayskeepthisinmind.我们应当经常记住这一点。

Ilikethisbetterthanthat.我喜欢这个甚至那个。

Haveyoureadthis?你读过这个吗?

Ilikethesebutshelikesthose.我喜欢这些,而她喜欢那些。

(3)作表语:

Mypointisthis.我的观点就是如此。

Herplanisthis.她的计划是这样的。

Hisworriesarethose.他的烦恼就是那些。

(4)作定语:

Youcantswimatthistimeoftheyear.你不能在这个时候游泳。

Idontlikethatman.我不喜欢那个人。

Wemustgettoknowthesetricksoftheirs.我们必须懂得他们这一套鬼花招。

2、指示代词的用法区别

(1)this和these一般指在空间和时间上较近的事物,that和those一般指在空间和时间上较远的事物。

例:ThisisamapofChinaandthatisamapoftheworld.

这是一张中国地图,那是一张世界地图。

Pleasecomethisway.Wellgoinbythatdoor.请这边走,我们从那扇门进去。

Inthoseyeartheyledahardlife.在那些岁月里,他们生活得很艰难

2)this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物,起承上的作用。

例:Ishallsaythistoyou:heisanhonestman.我将对你说这一点:他是一个诚实的人。

Hefeltill.Thatiswhyhedidntcome.他病了,那就是他没来的原因。

Hebroketheglass,andthatcosthimfivedollars.他打破了玻璃,那花费了他5美元。

(3)that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西,以避免重复这个名词:

Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

Theoiloutputin1988wasmuchhigherthanthatof1986.1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。

ThehistoryofChinaisasinterestingasthatofRussia.中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。

(4)在电话中,this表示打电话者,that表示接电话的对方。

例:A:Hello!ThisisBob(speaking).喂,我是鲍勃。

B:Whosthatplease?请问是哪位?(美语用Whosit?或Whosthis?)

3、such也是一个指示代词,在句子中可用作:

(1)定语:

Wehavehadsuchabusyday.我们今天忙得真够呛。

Idon’tlikesuchweather.我不喜欢这样的天气。

(2)主语:

Suchwasmyimmediateimpression.这就是我当时的印象。

Sucharetheresults.结果就是如此。

(3)表语:

Hisillnesswasnotsuchastocauseanxiety.他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。

4、same也可以看作指示代词,在句中能作定语、主语、表语或宾语:

Shesaidthesamethingalloveragain.她把同样的话又说了一遍。

Thesamemaybesaidofhisbrother.他弟弟也有这种情形。

Ourviewsarethesame.我们的看法是相同的。

“HappyNewyear!”“Thesametoyou!”“新年好!”“新年好!”

相关阅读

2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习


一般给学生们上课之前,老师就早早地准备好了教案课件,大家在认真准备自己的教案课件了吧。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

代词
(一)知识概要
英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。?人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
主格iyouhesheitweyouthey
宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表?
人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的
形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey
名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
反身代词可见下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves
指示代词主要有this,that,these,those
疑问代词有:who,whomwhose,what,which,
还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。
不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…
(二)正误辨析
[误]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.
[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.
[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:mybook,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。
[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.
[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.
[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it。
[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.
We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.
I,heandyouhavetopayforit.
[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.
[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.
[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.
[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.
[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.
[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.
[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.
[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。
[误]Myselfdidityesterday.
[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.
[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.
[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。?
[误]Takecareofourselves.
[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)
[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.
[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.
[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.
[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.
[误]Makeyourselfhome.
[正]Makeyourselfathome.
[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:?
enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样
helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路
seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣
[误]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.
[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.
[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。
[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.
[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.
[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.
[误]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.
[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.
[误]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.
[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.
[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。
[误]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.
[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.
[析]在作肯定回答时,Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.
[误]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.
[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.
[误]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.
[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.
[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。
[误]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.
[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.
[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoonesbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。
[误]—Whowonthegame?—None.
[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.
[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.
[误]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。
[误]EitheryouorIareright.
[正]EitheryouorIamright.
[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。
[误]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.
[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.
[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。
[误]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.
[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.
[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。
[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.
[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.
[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Bothofusarenotright.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为:两本书我不能全给你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为:两本书我全不能给你。
[误]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.
[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.
[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。
[误]Everyofushastopasstheexam.
[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.
[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every则侧重于全体。
[误]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而everyone则可以这样用。
[误]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英语,everydaylife日常生活。
[误]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.
[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.
[误]Allmyparentsareengineers.
[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.
[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部。
[误]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构,也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有:
alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter
[误]Theallvillagewasflooded.
[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.
[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。
[误]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.
[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.
[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。
 单数复数
泛指another形容词作定语作名词
another代词otherothers
特指theother形容词
theother代词
theothertheothers
[误]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?
[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?
[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?
[析]theothers=theotherstudents.
[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时则要用theother.它可以用作定语,theotherone,也可以用作代词theother,但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…
[误]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.
[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.
[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。
[误]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.
[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.
[析]everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。
[误]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.
[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.
[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而afew为有一些。
[误]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?
[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?
[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。
[误]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.
[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.
[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。
[误]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.
[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.
[析]enough可以用作代词,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如:moneyenough与enoughmoney都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了。
[误]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。
[误]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?
[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
[析]在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。
[误]Someonewanttomeetyou.
[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.
[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。
[误]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.
[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.
[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:
Itistenoclocknow.(代时间)
Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距离)
Itisveryhot.(代天气)
ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主语)
Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式宾语)
[误]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.
[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.
[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。
(三)例题解析
1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.
AIBmyCmeDmine?
[答案]B.
[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。?
2—___isshe?
—Sheisateacher.
AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。Whatisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而Whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。
3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.
ASomething,workingBSomething,towork
CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?
[答案]A.
[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。
4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.
AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?
[答案]C.
[析]helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”。
5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?
—Bybus.
AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的。?
6Myskirtis___popularthan___.
Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?
[答案]D.
[析]因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。
7—CanyouspeakEnglish?
—Yes,butonly___.
AfewBafewClittleDalittle
[答案]D.
[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。
8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.
AIBmeCmyDmine?
[答案]D.
[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。
9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”
“Aboutonceamonth.”
AHowlongBHowmany
CHowoftenDHowmuch?
[答案]C.
[析]Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次。
10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.
AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?
[答案]C.
[析]在否定句中应用anything
11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”
“Goodidea!”
AanythingniceBniceanything
CsomethingniceDnicesomething?
[答案]C.
[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。
12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?
—Idontmind.___timeisOK.
ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?
[答案]C.
[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有Idontmind则决定不能选择neither.
13Thisisnotherkite, but___.
AhesBhimCheDhis?
[答案]D.
[析]要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。?
14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.
ANoBManyCThoseDTwo
?[答案]A.
[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息。?
15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.
AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?
[答案]C.
[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。?
16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.
Aanythinginteresting
Bsomethinginteresting
Cnothinginteresting
Dinterestinganything
[答案]A.
[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。
17September10this___Day?
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
[答案]D.
[析]教师节TeachersDay,儿童节ChildrensDay,妇女节WomensDay
18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?
—___
ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?
[答案]C.
[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。?
19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?
—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.
AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?
[答案]D.
[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。?
20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?
—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.
ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor意为既不……也不……
21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.
AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother
?
[答案]A.
[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词。?
22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.
AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?
[答案]B.
[析]在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.
23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.
AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?
[答案]A.
[析]两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而theothers是特指复数代名词。
24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.
Iknow___aboutthesubject.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]A.
[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。
25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.
ASodoIBSoIdont
CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?
[答案]D.
[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合
于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。
26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.
Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe
Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?
[答案]A.
[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。?
27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?
[答案]D.
[析]student为可数名词。
28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.
AnobodyBbothCeachDany?
[答案]C.
[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。
29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.
AorBeitherCnorDand?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。
30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.
AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices
CanadviceDsomeadvice?
[答案]D.
[析]advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。
31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.
AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?
[答案]C.
[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词。?
32Arethere___onthetable?
AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?
[答案]D.
[析]此句是疑问句,应用anycups,因提问时的be动词用的是are。
33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.
AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?
[答案]B.
[析]此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词。theother只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B。
34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.
AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?
[答案]C.
[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如:sogoodaday.
35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]C.
[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用“few”。
36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.
AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?
[答案]A.
[析]eachother意为“互相”,是习惯用语。
37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.
AManBOneCThatDIt?
[答案]D.
[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主语只能用it.
38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.
AallBbothCeitherDnone?
[答案]D.
[析]severalletters意为“若干信件”,应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意。
39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.
AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?
[答案]D.
[析]否定句中应用anything.
40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.
ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?
[答案]B.

2013届中考英语语法冠词考点知识复习


每个老师为了上好课需要写教案课件,大家应该开始写教案课件了。教案课件工作计划写好了之后,才能够使以后的工作更有目标性!有没有好的范文是适合教案课件?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“2013届中考英语语法冠词考点知识复习”,大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢!

冠词
(一)知识概要
冠词在英语中只有3个词,分为两类:不定冠词a与an,定冠词the。a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前,an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物,可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。
(二)正误辨析
[误]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.
[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.
[析]a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前,而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前,而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:Thereisa“n”intheword.是错句,应为:Thereisan“n”intheword.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音,所以应该用anhour。例如:
Ineedanhourtofinishthework.
Itisausefuldictionary.
ItisaEuropeancountry.
Iboughtausedcar.
[误]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[析]因umbrella的第一个音素是元音,所以应用an.常用的情况有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy…。
[误]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry,Iminhurry.”
[正]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry.Iminahurry.”
[析]不定冠词的主要用法如下:?
1.用来表示一类人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.
2.指某一类人或事物中的一个,如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.[来源
3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
4.相当于“one”的概念,如:Ijustboughtanewdictionary.
5.其主要的难点是用在固定词组中:
如:haveawalk/arest/alook
又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙
makeaface作鬼脸
dosomebodyafavour帮某人忙
anumberof=many
又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)
haveacold(感冒)
haveaheadache(头痛)
haveabreak=havearest
[误]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.
[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.
[析]在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词,而第二次提到时用定冠词。?
[误]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.
[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.
[析]虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指,也应用定冠词。?
[误]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.
[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.
[析]世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.
[误]Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[析]在序数词,形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.
[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.
[析]在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二,而其意在于再学一个,再来一个时,应用a,本句的意思应为:这学期我要学一门第二外语。
[误]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[正]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[析]在河流名称前应加定冠词,如:theYellowRiver(黄河)。
[误]Look,thereareAlp.
[误]Look,therearetheAlp.
[正]Look,therearetheAlps.
[析]具体的某一座山不加定冠词,如:MountainTai.但在山名称前加定冠词后,其山名要加s,来表示山脉。theAlps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.
[误]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[正]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[析]报刊名称前应加定冠词。?
[误]Richarenotalwayshappy.
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.
[析]在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人,而在姓的前面加定冠词,姓后加s表示某一家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.
[误]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[析]物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。?
[误]Thesunrisesineast.
[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.
[析]在方向、方位前应用定冠词,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture
[误]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone
[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone
[析]在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词,?
如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡
thePanamaCanal巴拿马运河
theSuezCanal苏伊士运河
[误]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper
[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper
[析]泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。?
[误]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.
[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.
[析]一年四季前不用定冠词,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.
[误]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.
[正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.
[析]有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词,如:gotoschool上学,leaveschool(辍学),afterschool(放学),但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词,如例句中其父母来校不是上学,而是看望孩子,则要加定冠词。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在医院住院两天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去医院看望他的母亲。
[误]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.
[正]Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.
[析]在惯用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。
[误]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.
[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.
[析]这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处,也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(击),hold(握),pull(拉)…动词后应加人,再加介词on,by,in,with…之后要加定冠词,再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his,her,their,等词。
[误]Hewaspaidbyhour.
[正]Hewaspaidbythehour.
[析]by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为:他的工资是按小时计算的。
[误]IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkbycar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.
[析]by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具,而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如:bycar(坐小汽车)bytaxi(坐出租车)bybike(骑自行车)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飞机)bysea(乘船)
[误]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.
[正]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.
[析]在乐器前要加定冠词,而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词,如:Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他们空闲时爱打桥牌)
[误]Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.
[正]Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.
[析]英语中虽有一些名词与goto连用时不加定冠词,以表示该名词的内涵,如:gotoschool(上学),gotobed(睡觉)等,但去看电影则例外,要用gotothecinema.这也是语言的一个特点。
[误]Iliveat105theLakestreet.
[正]Iliveat105LakeStreet.
[析]街道名称前不用冠词。?
[误]NextsummerholidayIwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.
[正]NextsummerholidayIwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.
[析]country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式,作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如:Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.
[误]Thepicturelooksbetteratthedistance.
[正]Thepicturelooksbetteratadistance.
[析]atadistance意为“离开一定距离”。而inthedistance为“远方,远处”。这样常用的词组有:
asarule(照例)
inahurry(匆忙)
inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)
inthesun(在阳光下)
intherain(雨中)
inthesameway(同样)
intheshade(在阴凉处)
inthedaytime(白天)
intheend(最终)
ontheotherhand(换句话说)
onthecontrary(相反)
[误]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.
[正]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.
[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,如:?
bitbybit(逐渐)
dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)
dayandnight(日日夜夜)
facetoface(面对面)
fromAtoZ(自始至终)
fromtimetotime(再三)
handinhand(手拉手)
shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩)
(三)例题解析
1MrLiis___oldworker.
AaBanCsomeD/
[答案]B.
[析]an用于元音音素开始的单词前。
2Englishis___usefullanguagein___world.
Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the
[答案]B.
[析]因useful的第一个音素是[j],它是辅音音素。
3What___interestingbookitis?
AaBanCtheD/
[答案]B.
[析]这是感叹句,因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
4Hewillbebackin___hour.
A/BtheCaDan?
[答案]D.
[析]因hour的首字母h不发音。
5Thereis___mapintheclassroom.___mapisonthewall.
Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A
[答案]C.
[析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词,而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。
6Lookat___picture!Theres___houseinit.
Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,aww
?[答案]D.
[析]虽然是第一次提到,但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画,所以应选择D。
7Thereis___orangeinthebottle.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。
8Beijingis___capitalofourcountry.
AtheBanC/Da
?[答案]A.
[析]capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。
9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youllget___“A”inthetest.
AanB/CtheDa
?[答案]A.
[析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。
10Heusuallygoestoschoolon___foot.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]onfoot意为走路上学,是习惯用法。

2013届中考英语语法介词考点知识复习


每个老师需要在上课前弄好自己的教案课件,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。必须要写好了教案课件计划,未来的工作就会做得更好!究竟有没有好的适合教案课件的范文?以下是小编收集整理的“2013届中考英语语法介词考点知识复习”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

介词

(一)知识概要?

介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬。?

介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他

about大约在……时间?aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远?aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及?

talkaboutyou

above高出某一平面?

abovesealevel

across横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet

after在……之后?

aftersupper

跟……后面?

oneafteranother

追赶

runafteryou

against背靠逆风?

againstthewall,againstthewind

反对?

beagainstyou

among三者以上的中间?

amongthetrees

at在某时刻?

atten

在小地点?

attheschoolgate

表示速度?

athighspeed

向着,对着?

atme

before在……之前?

beforelunch

位于……之前?

sitbeforeme

behind位于……之后?

behindthetree

below低于……水平?

belowzero

不合格?

belowthestandard

by到……时刻,在……时刻之前

?byfiveoclock

紧挨着?

sitebysite

乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?

wasmadebyus

during在……期间duringtheholidays

for延续多长时间?

forfiveyears

向……去?

leaveforShanghai为了,对于

begoodforyou

from从某时到……某时?frommorningtillnight来自何方?

fromNewYork

由某原料制成bemadefrom

来自何处?

whereareyoufrom

in在年、月、周较长时间内?inaweek在里面?

intheroom

用某种语言?inEnglish穿着

inred

into进入……里面?

walkinto

除分?

divideinto

变动?

turnintowater

near接近某时?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark

of用某种原料制成?

bemadeof

属于……性质?

amapofU.S.A

on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?

onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于?abookonPhysics

over渡过一整段时间?workovernight在上方

overthedesk

超过,高于?overfivepairs

past超过某一时刻?

tenpastfive

经过某地?

walkpastthepark

since从某时以来?

since1980

原因?

Sinceyouwereill

through经过某一时期?throughhislife通过、穿过某地?

throughtheforest

till?until直到某时为止?tillfiveoclock

to差多少时间?

fivetoten

问,到,去往?

toShanghai

面对面?

facetoface

给予giveabooktome

under在……下面?

underthedesk

少于?

underten

在……管制之下undertherule

with用某种工具?withapen带着,具有

withme

without没有?

withoutair

(二)正误辨析?

[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?

[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?

[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。

[误]Dontsleepatdaytime??

[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?

[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?

[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?

[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?

[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?

[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??

[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??

[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?

[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?

[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?

[析]在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?

[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?

[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?

[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYearsDay?

[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?

[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?

[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。?

[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?

[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.?

[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。?

[误]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?

[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?

[析]On加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)?

[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?

[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?

[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终,终于"之意。?

[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?

[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?

[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?

[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?

[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?

[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?

[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。?

[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?

[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态

[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?

[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?

[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。?

[误]Threedaysafterhedied.?

[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?

[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?

[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后。?

[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?

[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?

[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?

[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?

[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?

[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.?

[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?

[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?

[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?

[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?

[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?

[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?

[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?

[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?

[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?

[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.

[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?

[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?

[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?

[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?

[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailorsshop(裁缝店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在书店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)

[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??

[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??

[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。?

[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?

[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?

[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。?

[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?

[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?

[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光?"在……的路上"应用ononesway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。

[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?

[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?

[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。?

[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?

[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?

[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?

[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor。?

[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?

[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?

[析]getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?

[误]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.

[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.

[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?

[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?

[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?

[析]over还有一意为"跨越,横跨"。?

[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?

[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?

[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。

[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?

[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?

[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?

[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?

[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?

[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思:①横过,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?

[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?

[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?

[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?

[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??

[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??

[析]beside是"在……旁边",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。?

[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??

[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?

[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?

[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?

[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。?bytaxi=inataxi

bytrain=inatrain

bybicycle=onabicycle?

byship=onaship

byboat=inaboat

bybus=onabus?

byplane=onaplane

byair空运

byland陆运?

bysea海运

onfootonhorseback?

byphonebyletterbyradio?

byairmailbyhand?

[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?

[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?

[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?

[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?

[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?

[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。?

[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?

[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?

[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。?

[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?

[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?

[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。?

[误]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?

[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?

[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?

[误]Hewasgoodforskating.?

[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?

[析]begoodat为"擅长某事",而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。?

[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?

[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?

[析]这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?

[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?

[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?

[误]Heisagreewithme.?

[正]Heagreeswithme.?

[误]Heagainstsme.?

[正]Heisagainstme.?

[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?

[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?

[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?

[析]hearfrom即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?

[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??

[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??

[析]作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点,如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?

[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??

[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??

[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)?

[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?

[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?

[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?

[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?

[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?

[析]becauseof后接名词,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?

(三)例题解析?

1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?

-Notatall.?

A?inB?onC?atD?for?

[答案]D.?

[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?

2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??

A?byB?inC?withD?from

?

[答案]B.?

[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.

3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.?

A?after,of,inB?at,of,in

C?after,in,onD?at,of,on?

[答案]D.?

[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。?

4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??

-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?

A?atB?inC?onD?to

[答案]C.?

[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?

5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?

A?offB?nearC?onD?between

[答案]C.?

6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?

A?toB?inC?withD?about

?

[答案]C.?

[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。?

7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?

-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?

A?inB?atC?onD?for

?

[答案]C.?

8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??

A? toB? atC? withD? for

?

[答案]D.?

[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool??

9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??

A? forB? atC? inD? after

?

[答案]C.?

[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?

10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??

A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989

C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?

[答案]B.?

[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。?

11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp??

A? withoutB? underC? forD? with

?

[答案]A.?

[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp??

12? Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses??

A? byB? throughC? onD? in

?

[答案]B.?

[析]through为穿过……。?

13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??

A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to

?

[答案]C.?

[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。

14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??

A? onB? inC? fromD? at

?

[答案]A.?

[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。?

15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??

A? inB? onC? atD? with

?

[答案]A.?

[析]inline为排队。?

16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??

A? bytheendofB? attheendof

C? totheendofD? tilltheendof?

[答案]A.?

[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合?

17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork??

A? inB? onC? aboutD? with

?

[答案]D.?

[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。?

18? JohnhitJack___face??

A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis

?

[答案]B.?

[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?

19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978?

?A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?

[答案]D.?

[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。?

20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??

A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for

?

[答案]B.?

[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。

21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??

A? underB? forC? withoutD? from

?

[答案]C.?

22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___her?

A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for

?

[答案]B.?

[析]shoutat为"冲某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"?

23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?

A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of

?

[答案]A.?

[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。?

24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??

A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between

?

[答案]B.?

[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。?

25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949

A? withB? onC? sinceD? in

?

[答案]D.?

[析]在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。?

26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??

A? inB? afterC? onD? at

?

[答案]B.?

[析]这句话应译为:几天之后Mr? Black到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。?

27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??

-Yes,hehas??

A? fromB? withC? onD? in

?

[答案]C.?

[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。?

28? Youmaydepend___him? Heis___honestman??

A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the

?

[答案]C.?

[析]dependon为"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不发音。?

29? ___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??

A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For

?

[答案]B.?

[析]Toonesjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"?

30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?

A? forB? atC? upD? after

?

[答案]C.?

[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。?

31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it

A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in

?

[答案]B.?

[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree? 而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。?

32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.

?A.inB.byC.onD.atw

?[答案]B.

?[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。

?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.

?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with

?[答案]D.

?[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。

?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.

?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof

?[答案]C.

?[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。

?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.

?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof

?[答案]C.

?[析]attheageof在几岁时。

?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.

?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries

?[答案]C.

?[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。

?37?Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.

?A.onB.inC.atD.of

?[答案]A.

?[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。

?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.

?A.toB.onC.inD.about

?[答案]C.

?[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。

?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.?

A.inB.onC.forD.with

?[答案]D.

?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.

?A.inB.withC.forD.on

?[答案]A.

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