一、目标再现
1.能够熟练运用所学知识来谈论"运动",特别是一些和生活密切相关的运动项目。
2.掌握本单元的有关"watersports"的单词和短语,能听、说、读部分地名,重点掌握nomater,both…and…,allover等短语或习惯用语的用法。
3.进一步学习现在完成时态,特别注意它与already,just,yet,very等词的连用,同时能够区别它们的用法。
4.能够熟练运用现在完成时态,用它来表达由过去开始,和现在相联系的动作或影响,能够区别一般过去时与现在完成时的不同。
5.运用本单元所学知识来描述某一运动。如:theOlympicGames或surfing或diving等。
二、重点难点解析
1.Whatsthesurfingliketoday?今天冲浪怎么样?
surf作名词,意为"拍岸之浪,拍岸浪花";作动词用,意为"冲浪,作冲浪运动"。surfing是surf的动名词形式,surfer意为"冲浪者,冲浪运动员"。surfing是一项水上运动,水上运动的项目还有water-skiing滑水,waterpolo水球,dive跳水,Swim游泳。
2.HaveyoueverbeentoHawaii?你去过夏威夷吗?
havebeento...意思是"到过,去过",表示曾到过某地,但此时人已不在那儿了。而havegoneto…意思是"去了某地",现在人可能在去的途中或已在那个地方了,而不在说话人处。例如:
(1)HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?你曾经去过香港吗?
(2)JimhasgonetoEngland.吉姆去英国了。
(3)WhereisLily?Hasshegonetothelibrary?莉莉在哪儿?她去图书馆了吗?
3.Thebeachestherearebetterthantheoneshere中的theones如何理解和使用?
这里的ones代表前面出现beaches。one用于表示前面同名称的一类事物。ones表示复数概念。例如:
-Haveyouawatch?-Yes,Ihaveagoodone.
一你有表吗?一有,我有一块好表。
-Haveyougotanypens?-Yes,Ihavegotmanygoodones.
一你有钢笔吗?一有,我有许多好钢笔。
注意:在用one(ones)作代词时,有几点要慎重:
①序数词不能用one代替,伴有基数词的名词可用one,ones代替。例如:
Aswehavefinishedthefirstchapter,nowwellreadthesecond.
我们读完了第一章,现在读第二章了。
(不能将thesecond改为one)
Hehastworedpencilsandtwoblueones.
他有两支红铅笔和两支蓝铅笔。
②it(them)和one(ones)同是作代词,代替前面出现的事,但用法不同。
让用于同名称的同样事物;one用于同名称的另一样东西。例如:
-Haveyoustilltheradioset?-No.Ihavesoldit.
一你有收音机吗?一没有,我把它卖了。
(这里的订是指前面的theradioset,它们是同一个无线电收音机。)
-Isthisfountainpenyours?-No,itismysisters.Mineistheoneonthetable.
一这支自来水钢笔是你的吗?一不,它是我姐姐的。我的是桌上那一支。
(这里的one不是前面的那支fountainpen,它们不是同一支自来水钢笔。)
-Doyouwantthewatch?-Yes,Iwantit.
一你要买那块表吗?一想买那块表。
(同一块表,it即:thewatch)
-Whatarepandaslike?-Iveneverseenone,soIdontknowwhattheyarelike.
一熊猫是什么样的?一我从来没见到过,所以不知道熊猫是什么样子。
(one这里泛指同类事物中的一样东西)
4.Idontknowhowtosurf.我不知道怎样冲浪。
howtosurf是"疑问词+动词不定式"作宾语。英语中,"疑问词+动词不定式"可作一些及物动词的宾语,疑问词可以是what,which,who,whose等疑问代词,也可以是when,where,how等疑问副词。可以用此结构作宾语的动词有:know,decide,findout,tell,forget,remember,see,understand等。这类简单句往往是由(含特殊疑问句变成的宾语从句的)复合句转化改写而成。例如:
(1)Shedidntknowwhichblousetobuy.(=Shedidntknowwhichblousesheshouldbuy.)她不知道该买哪件衬衫。
(2)Imthinkingaboutwhattosay.(=ImthinkingaboutwhatIshouldsay.)我在考虑说什么。
5.Nowitisenjoyedbypeopleallovertheworld.现在全世界的人都喜欢这项运动。
isenjoyed是被动语态,bypeopleallovertheworld被全世界的人。这一句也可改写成:Peopleallovertheworldenjoyitnow.
6.Itsneithertoohotnortoocoldalltheyearround.全年天气既不太冷也不太热。
neither…nor…既不……也不……,它们可以用来连接相同的两个句子成分或词类。如果连接的是主语,则谓语与第二个主语保持一致。
例:(1)Heisntastudent.Imnotastudent.
NeitherhenorIamastudent.
(2)HedoesntspeakFrench.HedoesntspeakJapanese.
HespeaksneitherFrenchnorJapanese.
Neither…nor的完全肯定形式是:both…and或notonly…butalso。
但both…and如连接主语,则谓语动词用复数,notonly…butalso与第二个主语保持一致。
例:Helikessinging.Ilikesinging,too.
BothheandIlikesinging.(=NotonlyhebutalsoIlikesinging.)
7.LiLida,a12-year-oldschoolboyfirsttriedtocrosstheQiongzhouChannelinJune,2000.
在2000年6月,一个12岁的男生李立达第一次试着横渡琼州海峡。
(1)21-year-old在这里可以看作是一个合成词,作形容词用,用来修饰schoolboy。在英语中,"数字+量词"构成的复合形容词,中间要加连字符号,量词用单数形式。
例如:100-metrerace一百米赛跑。
two-monthholiday两个月的假期。
试比较:Theboyisfiveyearsold.
Hesafive-year-oldboy.
(2)cross为动词,是"越过、穿过"的意思。意思相近的词有:through(prep).穿过,指从……(内部或空间)中穿行,across(prep).横过,指从物体的表面由这边到另一边。另外,through可作副词用。
cross与across含义基本相同,但cross是动词。over也可表示"横过;通过",着重强调越过某物,从高空中越过。
例:(1)JackwasthroughwiththeEnglishtest.
杰克通过了这次英语测试。
(2)Theoldladycrossedthestreetcarefullyandslowly.
那老妇人慢慢地、小心地走过街去。
(3)Theshippassedthroughthebridge.
轮船过了桥。(从桥下穿过)
(4)Theboyclimbedoverthewalltogethisball.
那男孩爬过墙去取球。
(5)Theblindmanwalkedacrossthestreetslowly.
那盲人慢慢地走过街道。
8.Histeacher,MrFeng,spokehighlyofhisstudents中的speakhighlyof?
这里的speakhighlyof是指"高度评价","赞扬"的意思。例如:
Theteacherspresentallspokehighlyofhisspirits.
在场的老师都称赞他的精神。
Weshouldspeakhighlyofhissavingthegirlinthecoldwateragainsttheriskofhislife.
他冒着生命危险,在寒冷的水中救出这个女孩子,应该受到赞颂。
Hewasspokenhighlyofbythegirlsparents.
他受到了女孩子父母的赞扬。
有关speak的一些词组:
speakillof说……坏话
speakfor充当……代言人
speakforoneself为自己辩护
speaksbfair对某人彬彬有礼说话
tospeakof值得一提(常用于否定句中)
9.HeisnotonlytheprideofourschoolbutalsotheprideofallthepeopleinHainan.
他不仅是我们学校的骄傲,也是海南全体人民的骄傲。
notonly…butalso意思是"不仅……而且",应连接相同的语法成分。当连接主语时,谓语动词采用就近原则,即随后面的主语而定。例如:
(l)Notonlyyoubutalsoyourfatheriscoming.不但你,而且你父亲也要来。(连接主语)
(2)Janeisnotonlybeautifulbutalsokind.珍妮不但漂亮,而且人非常好。(连接表语)
(3)Heplaysnotonlythepianobutalsotheviolin.他不仅弹钢琴,还拉小提琴。(连接宾诺)
(4)Theynotonlysingbutalsodance.他们不但唱还跳。(连接谓语)
10.nomatter+what/who/which/when/where/how
无论……。Nomatter这个词组可以用来接两个分句,不能只用于一个分句。另外,nomatter后面用的是现在时,其含义却是将来。
Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwontbelieveyou.
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。(解释是没有用的)
Nomatterwhotelephones,sayImout.无论谁打电话来,都说我出去了。
Nomatterwhenyoucome,youllbemorethanwelcome.
无论你什么时候来,你都会受到热烈地欢迎。
Nomatterhowhardyoutry,youllneverloseyourEnglishaccent.
无论你怎么努力,你都不会改掉你的英文口音。
11.none,neither
none一般指三者或三者以上"都不",是代词all的反义词。当谈到两个人或两件事的时候,不用non,而用nether,意思是"两者都不",是代词both的反义词。none和noneof作主语时,谓语动词即可以用单数形式,也可以用复数形式。当表示一个人或物"都不"时,一般用单数形式;当表示所有的人或物"都不"时,一般用复数形式。当它在非正式的文体中更常用复数形式。neither,neitherof作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。但如果是neither…nor…"既不……也不;两者都不"作主语时,谓语动词根据nor后面的主语而定(也称为邻近原则)。
Noneofherstudentsare/ishere.她的学生中没有一个在这里。
NoneofthosebusesgotoTianjin.
那些公共汽车没有一辆是开到天津去的。
Neitherofherparentshelpsher.她的父母都不帮助她。
Neitherofthetwoboysisright.这两个男孩没一个对。
NeitherTomnorIhavebeentoNewYork.
汤姆和我都没去过纽约。
Neitheryounorhehascomehomeearly.你和他都未早回家。
12.journey和trip的区别
(1)journey适用范围很广,可指陆路、海程或飞程。但在距离较短时一般不用这个词。
Itsover40-hourjourneybytrainfromBeijingtoYunnan.
从北京到云南乘火车需要四十多小时的路程。
Haveagoodjourney!祝你旅途愉快!
(2)trip严格说来指"短途旅行",目的可以是公事或娱乐。但在日常用语中也可与journey互换。
WereplanningtomakeatriptotheGreatWall.
我们正计划去长城游览一次。
三、典型例题解答与分析
1.Itwasdark,buttheywenton______.Theyneverworksolate,thoughtheyworkedlatelastnight.Nowtheyarenotworking,theyarehavingarest.
A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working
分析与解答:goondoingsth.意为"继续做某事",goontodosth.意为"接着做另外一件事"。根据题意,本题答案为D。例如:Hedidnthavearestbutwentonrunning.他没有休息而是继续跑了。
2.-Whojumps_____inyourclass?
-LiMing.Heclearedthe1.6meterbanlastweek.
A.highB.highestC.themosthighlyD.tallest
分析与解答high表示"高的,高地",既可以作形容词又可以作副词。highlyadv.表示:"高度的,高尚的"等,thinkhighlyofsomebody意思是器重某人,speakhighlyofsomebody意思是"称赞某人"。在这里表示跳得高,只要用high就可以,又根据intheclass所以用最高级,选B。tall主要用来表示形容人或物的高低。
3.根据句意选择合适的词语填空。
1).Theimportantthingistobegoodat______.
Wemust______thisproblemcarefully,(study,learn)
2).Whenyou_______astreet,youmustwalk_______itquicklyandnotrun.(cross,across)
3).Duringthisholiday,Imgoingtomakealong_______withmyfamily.(journey,trip)
4).Mysonismy________.HecanspeakEnglishverywell.
Im______ofknowingthefootballstar.(pride,proud)
5).Thechildrenhave______madeasnowman.Theyaresinginganddancingaroundit.
Thechildrenmadeasnowman______.(just,justnow)
6).______Tom______Iarehappytobeyourstudents.
______Tom______Iamgoodatpainting.(both…and…,neither…nor…)
答案
1).learning此句意思是:重要的事情是要学会学习。)study(我们必须认真研究这个问题。研究用study。)
2).Cross,across(第一个空需要一个动词,而第二个空由于前面有动词walk所以需要一个介词。)
3).journey(长途旅行用journey)
4).pride(意思是我的儿子是我的骄傲。用名词。)proud(我以认识那位球星为荣。用beproudof句型。)
5).just(第一句是现在完成时的句子,所以用just表示刚堆完雪人,不强调具体什么时间堆,而主要强调雪人堆完后现在孩子们的心情。)justnow(第二句动词用过去时,强调过去的具体某个时间做的这件事。译文是:孩子们刚才堆的雪人。)
6).both…and…(此句关键词是are和students。Both…and…做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。)neither…nor…(此句关键词是am。因为这个词组做生语时谓语动词根据紧挨着的人称而定。所以nor后面的主语是I因此动词用am。)
四、习题精选初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT2)疑难解答。(本习题课前发给学生)
Ⅰ.根据句意和首字母补全单词。
1.Henryoftengoessurfingandheisagoods______.
2.Hangzhouisf______forsilk.
3.Ithinksurfingisthemostinterestinga______thewatersports.
4.IhopethatonedaysurfingwillbeaneventoftheO______Games.
5.Weareveryp______ofourson.
答案:1.surfer2.famous3.among4.Olympic5.proud
Ⅱ.根据句意,找出与句中画线部分意思相同或相近的选项。
1.Imnotfull.Iwantanothertwocakes.A.othertwoB.twomoreC.twomany
2.Wehaveneverlearnedaboutsuchathing.A.listenedtoB.heardC.heardof
3.Thevillagersgooutforworkalltheyearround.
A.thewholeyearB.alltheyearC.wholetheyear
4.LeiFengcamefromapoorfamily.A.wasborninB.borninC.isfromD.isbornin
5.ImetanoldfriendwhileIwasgoinghome.
A.onmywaytohomeB.tomywayhomeC.onmywayhomeD.onmyhomeway
答案:1.B2.C3.A4.A5.C
Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.ThewavesinHawaiiare_____intheworld.(high)
2.DuringhisstudyinEngland,heworksinarestaurantasa_____.(wait)
3.Iwas______tonightbecauseIsawan______film.(excite).
4.IthinkWaikikiisoneofthebest_______forracingboatsinHonolulu.(beach)
5.Everymorningyoucanfindmanypeople______theirbikestoworkplace.(ride)
6.Everyyear,watersportsattractlargenumbersof______(tour)totheislands.
答案:1.thehighest2.waiter3.excited,exciting4.beaches5.riding6.tourists
Ⅳ.选择填空
1.______isoneofthewatersports.
A.Water-skiB.Water-skiingC.Water-skingD.Watering-skiing
2.Thefilmisvery____.Tomisvery____.
A.exciting,excitedB.excited,excitingC.exciting,excitingD.excited,excited
3.____theweatherwillbeliketomorrow,weIIgosurfing.
A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatsC.NomatterwhatD.Nomatterif
4.Therivernearourvillageisabout____long.
A.three-hundreds-metresB.three-hundred-metre
C.three-hundred-metresD.threehundredmetres
5.Hehasnothadanight____fortwoweeks,buthestillfeels____.
A.off,happyB.away,happilyC.off,happilyD.away,happy
6.Itmakeshim____.A.feelangrilyB.feelangryC.tofeelangryD.feelingangry
7.Its____goodfoodthatwealllikeitverymuch.A.soaB.suchaC.soD.such
8.Whenyou____thestreet,youmustlookfirst.A.acrossB.gocrossC.crossD.goesacross
9.Look!Mrs.Greenistalking____thestudentsofClassIontheground.
A.amongB.inthemiddleofC.betweenD.at
10.Herteacherthinks____other.A.highB.highlyC.wellD.good
11.LeiFengisthe____ofallthepeopleinChina.A.prideB.proudC.pridefulD.proudly
12.-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework______?-No,not______.
A.already,alreadyB.yet,yetC.already,yetD.yet,already
13.Neitheryouorhe______Hawaiibefore.
A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.havebeentoD.hasbeento
14.Xianisveryfamous______TerraCottaWarriors.A.toB.ofC.inD.for
15.Brucehaslivedhere______lastyear.A./B.forC.beforeD.since
16.Waikikiisoneofthebestbeaches______surfinginHonolulu.A.toB.forC.withD.in
17.Ivenever______himbefore.A.heardofB.hearfromC.heardtoD.hearof
18.Theywereveryproud______theirdaughter.A.forB.ofC.withD.about
19.Thenheslowed______asthewindbecamestrongerandthewaveshigher.
A.underB.belowC.downD.slowly
20.Allofusexcepthim_______toBeijing.A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.hasbeen
答案:1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.D8.C9.B10.B
11.A12.B13.D14.D15.D16.B17.A18.B19.C20.C
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.游泳是夏天最受欢迎的运动之一。____is________the________sportsinsummer.
2.他找到了一个晚上在餐馆做服务员的工作。He____ajob____a____ina____atnight.
3.我们中没一个到过旧金山。____of____________toSanFrancisco.
4.虽然他很累,他仍继续坚持工作。____hewasverytired,hestill____________.
5.无论你去那儿,都会看到可口可乐。____________whereyougo,youllfindCoca-Cola.
答案:1.Swimming,one,of,most,popular2.found,as,waiter,restaurant
3.None,us,has/have,been4.Although,went,on,working5.No,matter
Ⅵ.改写下列句子。
1.IveneverbeentotheCapitalCinema,___________?(改选择疑问句)
2.Anelephantisakindofstrongandbiganimal.(就画线部分提问)
_________________animalisanelephant?
3.Wehaddonethatalready.(变一般疑问句子)____________donethat______?
4.Marywontherace.Tomwontherace,too.____Mary____Tom____therace.
5.IreallydontknowhowIcanmendthebike.Ireallydontknow____________thebike.
6.Heisntateacher.Heisntaworker.Heis_____ateacher_____aworker.
答案:1.have,I2.What,kind,of3.Have,you,yet
4.Both,and,won5.how,to,mend6.neither,nor
Ⅶ.补全对话,每空一词。
A:Hello,Areyoufreethisweekend?
B:Nothing______,why?
A:Lookatthesunandthewaveisgreat.WeregoingtosurfonBondiBeach.Wouldyouliketo______withus?
B:Thatswonderful.ButI________before.AndIdontknow________surfatall.
A:Dontbeafraid.Ill______you.
B:Thanks,butisittoohard______me?
A:Nottoohard.Youjustneed____________.
B:Imsureitwillbefun!AndmaybeIllbecomeagoodsurfer.
答案:much,go,haventsurfed,how,to,show,for,more,practice
Ⅷ.完形填空
Swimmingisverypopularinsummer.Peoplelikeswimminginsummerbecausewatermakesthem1cool.Ifyoulikeswimmingbutswimina2place,itmaynotbesafe.Theseyears,morethantenpeople3whiletheywereenjoyingthemselvesinthewaterand4ofthemwerestudents.Butsomepeopleare5notcarefulinswimming.Theyoftenthinktheyswimso6thatnothingcanhappentotheminwater.Summerishereagain.Ifyougoswimminginsummer,dontforget7betterswimmershavediedinwater.Theydiedbecausetheywerenotcareful,notbecausethey8swim.Sodontgetintowaterwhenyouarealone.9thereisa"NoSwimming"sign,dontgetintowater,10.Ifyourememberthese,swimmingwillbesafer.
1.A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel2.A.difficultB.wrongC.rightD.small
3.A.havediedB.dieC.diedD.willdie4.A.muchB.moreC.lotD.most
5.A.stillB.alreadyC.yetD.even6.A.willB.oftenC.fastD.hard
7.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.that8.A.needntB.wouldntC.couldntD.musnt
9.A.BecauseB.IfC.WhetherD.Though10.A.alsoB.norC.eitherD.too
答案:1.D2.B3.C4.D5.A6.A7.D8.C9.B10.C
Ⅸ.阅读理解
A
Almosteverybodylikestoplay.Allovertheworldmenandwomen,boysandgirlsenjoysports.Sportshelppeopletokeephealthy.Theyhelppeopletolivehappily.
Sportschangewiththeseasons.Peopleplaydifferentgamesinwintersandsummers.Sailingisfuninwarmweather,butskatingisgoodinwinter.
Gamesandsportsoftengrowoutoftheworkpeopledo.TheArabsarefamousfortheirhorsesandcamels.Theyusethemintheirwork,andtheyusethemintheirsportsevents,too.Huntingandfishingareverygoodsports-butmillionsofpeoplehuntandfishforaliving.
Peoplefromdifferentcountriesmaynotbeabletounderstandeachother,butafteragameonthesportsfield,theyoftenbecomegoodfriends.Sportshelptotrain(训练)apersonscharacter(性格).Onelearnstofightfairandhard,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithgrace(体面).
()1.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?
A.Sportshelppeopletokeephealthy.B.Sportshelppeopletolivehappily.
C.Sportshelptotrainapersonscharacter.D.Sportscanmakepeoplebecomeenemies.(敌人)
()2.ATheword"enjoy"inthesentence."Allovertheworldmenandwomen,boysandgirlsenjoysports."means____.
A.dislikeB.goinforC.beafraidofD.support
()3.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesoftenbecomegoodfriends____.
A.assoonastheymeetB.aftertheyunderstand
C.aftertheyplayagameonthesportsfieldD.beforetheyseeeachother
()4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Lotsofpeoplemakealivingbyhuntingandfishing.B.Peopleonlygohuntinginwinter.
C.TheArabsaregoodhunters.D.Huntingandfishingareverygoodforthepeople.
()5.Thewritertellsus____.
A.oneshouldfighthardbutnotfair.B.oneshouldfightfairbutnothard.
C.oneshouldnotbecomeproudwhenhewins.D.oneshouldnotfeelhappywhenhewins.
答案:1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C
B
Skin-divingisanewsporttoday.Thissporttakesyouintoawonderfulnewworld.Itislikeavisittothemoon!Whenyouareunderwater,itiseasyforyoutoclimbbigrocks,becauseyouarenolongerheavy.
Here,underwater,everythingisblueandgreen.Duringtheday,thereisenoughlight.Whenfishswimnearby,youcancatchthemwithyourhands.
Whenyouhavetanksofaironyourback,youcanstayindeepwaterforalongtime.Butyoumustbecarefulwhenyoudiveindeepwater.
Tocatchfishisoneofthemostinterestingpartsofthissport.Besides(而且),therearemostusesforskin-diving.Youcancleanshipswithouttakingthemoutofthewater.Youcangetmanythingsfromthedeepsea.
Nowyouseethatskin-divingisbothusefulandinteresting.
1.Skin-divingwilltakeyouto______.
A.themoonB.beindangerC.mountainsD.thedeepsea
2.Youcanclimbthebigrocksunderwaterbecause______.
AyouarestrongerB.thefishnearbyhelpyou
C.youarenotasheavyasonthelandD.thereisalotoflight
3.Underwater,askin-diver_______intheday-time.
A.canseeeverythingclearlyB.cantseeanythingclearly
C.canseenothingD.canseeonlyfishes
4.Withatankofaironyourback,youcan______.
A.catchfishveryeasilyB.stayunderwaterforalongtime
C.beinsafeplaceD.havemorefun
5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?
A.Skin-divingisanewsport.B.Skin-divingislikevisitingthemoon.
C.Theonlyuseofskin-divingistohavemorefun.
D.Skin-divingisbothinterestinganduseful.
答案:1.D2.C3.A4.B5.C
Ⅹ.书面表达
你刚从海南岛假回来,享受了阳光,沙滩,冲浪,美食……根据本单元所学的内容,用英语写一篇大约50字左右的短文。
五、布置作业(欢迎光临华夏论文吧,25万份资源全免费提供!)
1、预习UNIT3
2、完成练习:初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT3)
3、摘录疑难问题
六、课后反思
一、目标再现
1.重点掌握并记忆与旅游这一主题相关的词汇和短语:one-wayflight;roundtrip;Gostraightalonghere.pleasecomethisway.haveagoodtime;haveafamilymeeting;talkabout;goforourholiday;describetodosomething;diving;ontheisland;press;byoneself等等。
2.能正确运用一些婉转提出建议的句式,联系实际,谈论未来的某一次活动:时间、地点、人物和某些具体事项。
3.掌握有关电脑方面的一些专用语,对电脑的部分程序操作能用英语表达。
4.能读懂有关flight的一些instructions,建立24时制的时间思维意识,以及登机的相关常识。
5.了解并掌握由if或whether及特殊疑问词引导的的宾语从句。
6.掌握方位词的用法,特别是介词的选用。
二、重点难点解析
1.DavidandJoy,comeon,werehavingafamilymeeting.
大卫、乔伊,快点,我们要开家庭会。
comeon在此表示鼓励、挑战、恳求、要求等感叹语,可译作"赶快;来吧;快点"。例如:
(1)Comeon,tryitagain!来吧,再试一下!
(2)Comeon.Wearewaitingforyou.快点,我们在等你呢。
(3)Comeon.Thefilmhasbegun.赶快,电影开始了。
2.Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?你能告诉我们在哪里检票吗?
Couldyou...?句型中,Could不是过去形式,在此表示语气婉转、有礼貌。在希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中,以及在含有表示建议、请求和征求意见语气的疑问句中,常用some和something,而不用any和anything。
(1)Couldyoulendmeyourbike,please?请把你的自行车借给我好吗?
(2)Wouldyouliketohavesomedrink?你们想喝点什么吗?
(3)Whataboutsayingsomethingaboutyourfamily?说说你家庭的情况好吗?
(4)Willyoupleasegivethepoorboysomethingtoeat?
请给那可怜的孩子一些吃的东西好吗?
3.Couldyoutellushowlongweregoingtobeaway?你能告诉我们要去多久吗?
此句是由连接副词howlong引导的宾语从句。要注意的是在以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句中,从句的语序要用陈述句的语序。从句的时态要随主句的时态而变化。例如:
(1)Doyouknowwhattimethetrainleaves?你知道火车几点离开吗?
(2)Nooneknowswhyhewaslatelastnight.没人知道他昨天晚上为什么迟到了。
(3)IwanttoknowhowmanyEnglishwordsyouhavelearned.
我想知道你们已经学了多少英语单词了。
(4)Sheaskedhowmuchitcost.她问它值多少钱。
4.WhatsthenumberoftheSmithsflightoutofBeijing?
史密斯全家离开北京的飞机航班号是什么?
(1)flight是fly的名词形式,表示"飞行;航班"等。
例:FlightNumber6141toBeijingisreadytoleave.去北京的6141次航班马上就要起飞了。
(2)outof从……出来(去),相对的词为into。
如:comeoutoftheroom从房间里出来。gointotheroom到房间里去。
5.take,spend,pay,cost四个单词意思均为"花费,使用"。
take常用于Ittakes(took,willtake)sbsometimetodosth;spend构成的句式中,一般以"人"做主语,句型为:spend…onsth或者spend…(in)doingsth;pay构成的句式中,一般以"人"作主语,常用句型为paysbforsth为……付款给……,payoff…付完,偿清……;cost一般以物做主语,可以解释为"花费;价值",它还可做名词,意思是"价值,价格"。
Ittookmyunclelessthantwoweekstoplantthetrees.Butitsworthwhile.Yousee,wepaidnothingforallthesetrees,thoughtheycostusmoretimeandmoreenergy.Wespentalmost10dayslastmonthsearchingeverywhere,huntingforafarmerwhoiswillingtoofferusfreesuppliesofyoungtrees.
6.Thentherearelongwhitebeachestowalkalong.
along在这里是个副词,表示"向前"的意思。along作副词时,其前面的动词经常用的有:come,go,crawl,walk,drive,float,fly,move,hurry,pass,roll,run,swim等。例如:
Movealong,please.请向前走!Now,goalong.请直走!
Passthenotealong.把条子传过去。Shewalkedalongbyhimself.她一个人向前走。
Thedaysglideswiftlyalong.岁月如梭。Comealong!跟我来!
along除表示上述意义之外,还可以作"沿着"。例如:
Lookatthetreesalongbytheriver.看那边沿河的树。
另外,along还可以作介词用。along作介词时,常常的意思是"沿着"。例如:
Wewentforawalkalongtheroadaftersupper.晚饭后我们沿着公路散步。
"Passalongthecar,please!"saidtheconductor.售票员说:"请往里走!"
7.Letsseeifwecanfindsomeinformationaboutthatcity.
咱们看一下是否能找到有关那个城市的一些信息。
Couldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?
请告诉我这是不是快车好吗?
这两句是由连词if和whether引导的宾语从句,意思是"是否"。如果将一般疑问句改为宾语从句时要用if或whether连词引导,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。从句的时态也应随主句的时态变化而变化。if和whether在通常情况下可以互换使用。
例如:
(1)Didyouknowif/whetherhewouldcometomorrow?你曾知道他明天是否回来吗?
(2)Motheraskedif/whetherweneededsomemoretea.妈妈问过我们是否再要一些茶。
在下面几种情况下不能用if代替whether:
(1)当whether与ornot连成一个词组时。例如:
Icantsaywhetheritisgoingtorainornot.我不知道明天是否下雨。
(2)whether用在不定式前面时。例如:
Hecantdecidewhethertogo.他不能决定是否去。
(3)whether引导的从句放在句首时。例如:
Whetherthisistrue,Icantsay.不管是不是真的,我说不准。
(4)whether用在介词后面时。例如:
Sheisworryingaboutwhethershecanfinishtheworkontime.
她正担心,她是否能准时完成工作。
8.Idliketobookfourtickets,please.我想定四张票。
book在此是动词,意思是"预定;买票"。例如:
(1)Youhadtobookearlyifyouwanttohavedinnerinthatrestaurant.
如果想去那个饭店吃饭,你得早点儿定座。
(2)HaveyoubookedyourpassagetoShanghai?你到上海去的舱位定好了吗?
(3)CouldIbookaticketthroughtoHainanIsland?
我能买一张直达海南岛的票吗?
9.Thatsoundsreallycool!这听起来确实很酷!
sound是系动词后跟形容词作表语。类似用法的动词还有:get,turn,smell,taste,feel,look等。例如:
(1)Itlooksmorebeautifulinthesun.在阳光下,它看起来更漂亮。
(2)Thedishsmellsdelicious.菜闻起来很香。
(3)Ioftenfeeltired.我常感到疲倦。
(4)Ittastesbetterthanitlooks.它看起来不怎么样,味道还不错。
(5)Hernamesoundsbeautiful.她的名字听起来很好听。
疑问词引导的宾语从句
学习宾语从句,主要应当注意以下三个方面的内容:引导词,从句语序以及主从句的时态的一致性。现在以连接词的三种不同情况来进行宾语从句的总结。
1连接代词引导的宾语从句。
Canyoutellmewhowillgiveusatalk?你能告诉我谁会给我们做报告吗?(who是连接代词)
Showmewhatyouhaveboughtforme?(what是连接代词,原来的语序是Whathaveyouboughtforme?)
PleaseguesswhichsubjectIlikebest?
注意:在宾语从句中,其语序为陈述句,其结构为:主句+连接代词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
2.连接副词引导的宾语从句的用法。
Canyoutellmewhereweshowourtickets?(where为连接副词,其语序应当为:Wheredoweshowourtickets?)你能告诉我我们应当在哪里剪票吗?
CanyoutellmehowIcangettheinformation?(how为连接副词,其正常语序为:HowcanIgettheinformation?)你能告诉我怎样才能得到那些信息呢?
Doyouknowwhyheisoftenlateforschool?(why为连接副词,该句语序为:Whyisheoftenlateforschool?)你能告诉我他为什么常常迟到吗?
注意:常用于宾语从句中的连接副词主要有:why,how,where,when.英语中连接副词与疑问代词是相同的。由连接副词引导的宾语从句为:主句+连接副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
3.以连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。
Iwanttoknowif/whetheryouhavealreadyfinishedyourwork..
Imnotsureif/whetheryouwillcometothepartytomorrow.
Iwanttoknowif/whetheryouareateacher.
whether/if的意思是"是否",在宾语从句中是不能省略的,他们引导的原句都是一般疑问句。也就是说,当你判断该宾语从句的原句本该为一般疑问句,则在改为宾语从句时就应当用whether/if。
三、典型例题解答与分析
[例1]根据句意选择合适的词语并用其正确形式填空。
1.Thepoliceman______thethiefspocketsand______hewascarryingasharpknife.(find,search)
2.Wehadfive______ofcuttingmachines.Besides,wehasjustboughtanew______recently.(kind,type)
3.Tomhasalready______,andhe______theoffice.(come,enter)
4.Wehaveplantedtreesfortwohoursandlets______.Hersong______us.(havearest,relax)
5.Iliketoplayonthe______oftheriverandmybrotherlikestostandthe____ofthehilltosing.(top,edge)
6.Thesebooks______me20yuanandI______100yuanonbookseverymonth.(spend,cost)
7.Idontknowagainst______youfought.(who,whom)
8.IthoughIcould______thecinemabefore7:00,butinfactI______at7:25.(arrive,reach)
解析:1.searched,found(此句意思是:警察搜查了那个贼的衣袋,发现他携带着刀子。"搜查"用search表示动作的过程,"发现"用find表示结果。)
2.kinds,type(第一个用kinds泛指种类,而第二个意思是:新型的。type表示机器的新类型。)
3.come,entered(根据句意"汤姆已经来了,他进了办公室"可知一个是来,另一个是进入。再根据语法来看:第二个空需要一个及物动词,而come是个不及物动词。)
4.havearest,relaxed(劳作之后休息一下多用rest。歌声使人心情舒畅,使人放松用relax。)
5.edge;top河边用edge。山顶用top。)
6.cost;spend(物做主语,用cost,意思是:花(费)了。人做主语且句型中有onsth.要用spend,其结构:spend…on…意思是:某人买某物花了多少钱。)
7.whom(我们知道who和whom有时可替换,但如果前面有介词就只能用whom。)
8.reach,arrived(第一句空后接地点,需要填一个及物动词,而reach是,arrive不是。第二句需要填一个不及物动词,所以用arrive,又根据事情是发生在过去所以用过去式。)
[例2]用合适的连接代词或连接副词填空。
1.Hewanttoknow_________yourfatherdoes.
2.Canyoutellme_______theyhadamatchyesterdayafternoon?
3.Shedoesntknow.DidTompassthemathsexam?(连成宾语从句)
Shedoesntknow______________________themathsexam.
解析:1.what(这句话的谓语动词know是个及物动词,后面一定要有宾语。再看后面有主语(yourfather),有谓语动词(does),说明know后面是个句子做宾语,从而可知空上应填一个连接词。又根据宾语从句的谓语动词(does)也是个及物动词,可知后面应有一个宾语,所以判断出这个连词应是个连接代词。根据句意"我想知道你父亲是干什么的"可知应填what。)
2.why/where(用上述办法先判断出此空后是个宾语从句,缺连接词。由于宾语从句中主语、谓语动词、宾语和地点状语都全,可判断出句中少其他状语,因此须填一个连接副词。再根据所给的不完整句子试着译出其中文意思:(1)你能告诉我他们昨天下午为什么打比赛吗?(2)你能告诉我他们昨天下午在哪里打比赛吗?所以填Why或where都对。)3.if/whether,Tom,passed(从句的原始形式是个一般疑问句,连词用if/whether。疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,所以助动词did去掉,pass改为passed以保持原句过去时的时态。)
[例3]When________you________theclassroom?Letmesee.
A.have,cleanedB.did,cleanC.did,cleanedD.are,clean
解析:答案为B
When用来表示对具体的时间状语提问,所选用的时态,不能用完成时态,但可以用一般现在时,过去时和将来时。如果用完成时态,那么,疑问词不应是when,而应是howlong。例如:HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.
注意:上面介绍的是:当when用来提问时,不能与完成时态连用;但当when作连词时,它是可以与现在完成时态连用,如果这样,when就不是"当……时候"的意思了,而是"在……以后"的含义。例如:Pleasetelephonemewhenyouhaveeatenlunch.
你吃完中饭后给我打个电话.(不能译作:你吃中饭时给我打个电话)
四、习题精选初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT5)疑难解答。(本习题课前发给学生)
I.词汇练习A)词语解释
1.MrGreenthinksthatmaybeJim’sChineseteacherwillgivehimsomeworktododuringtheholiday.A.onSundayB.ontheweekendC.intheholiday
2.TheheadmasterissurethatMrHuwon’tmind.
A.willagreeB.won’taskJimtodoanythingC.won’tagree
3.MrGreenisafraidthatJimwillforgethisChineseifhemissessomanylessons.
A.forgetsB.losesC.gets
4.Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youwillfailtheexam.
A.notbeabletopassB.dowellinC.belatefor
5.Jimwalkstoschooleveryday.
A.goestoschoolbybikeB.goestoschoolonfootC.goestoschoolbycar
6.Youshouldlookafteryourself.A.takecareofB.lookforC.keepon
7.Mymotherwasill,soshesentforadoctoratonce.
A.wenttoseeadoctorB.askedadoctortocomeC.lookedforadoctor
8.Justthenthetelephonerang.A.AtthattimeB.AttimesC.Sometimes
B)根据下列各句所缺单词的第一个字母,写出所缺单词。
1.Pleasel__katthenewpicture.
2.UncleWanghasworkedinthefactoryallhisl_fe.
3.Wecangetm_lkfromcows.
4.Theboyisn’tl_zy.Heworkshard.
5.Heisalittlew__kinChinese.
6.Pleasegivehimac_lltomorrowevening.
7.Thereisatract__inthefield.
答案:A)1.C2.A3.B4.A5.B6.A7.B8.A
B)1.look2.life3.milk4.lazy5.weak6.call7.tractor
II.选择填空
1.I______abletosinganysongbutthisone.A.mayB.canC.amD.would
2.Everybodyishere_______JimGreen.A.asB.withC.onD.except
3.Whichofthesedoyouthinkis______usefulinvention?
A.themoreB.thesecondmoreC.mostD.thesecondmost
4.Doyouknowwhere______from?
A.hecomeB.hecomesC.didhecomeD.doeshecame
5.Ourteachersawus______onthedesksandwentoutoftheclassroom.
A.tositB.satC.sitingD.sitting
6.I______mathsandscience.
A.interestB.aminterestingC.aminterestedD.aminterestedin
7.Lindawilllookafterthechildren_____we’reaway.
A.thatB.duringC.whileD.where
8.Davidwasborn_____.
A.sincetwentyyearsagoB.fortwentyyearsC.twentyyearsagoB.justovertwentyyears
9.Mike_____hishomeworkthreehoursago.
A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.isfinishingD.isgoingtofinish
10.--______haveyoubeenatthisfactory?--I’vebeenheresince1993.
A.WhenB.HowlongC.WhattimeD.Howoften
11.Allancutthebigbirthdaycake_____smallpieces.A.asB.toC.intoD.in
12.Whenhewasachild,hewasalways_______outnewideas.
A.tryB.tryingC.takingD.tried
13.Wereyouborn______May21,1974?A.inB.onC.fromD.at
14.It’sverykind____you_____lendyourbiketome.
A.of,toB.for,inC.for,toD.of,in
15.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblack.
A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers
16.“______doyouwritetoyourparents?”“Onceamonth.”
A.HowlongB.HowmuchC.HowfarD.Howoften
17.Heaskedwhowas_______inyourclass.
A.theoldestB.oldestC.olderD.theolder
18.Theteachertoldus________Exercise1inourexercisebooks.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.does
19.Ifound_____verydifficulttolearnmathswell.A.whatB.itC.thatD.this
20.I’m______totroubleyou.A.gladB.afraidC.fearD.sorry
答案:1.C2.D3.D4.B5.D6.C7.C8.C9.A10.B
11.C12.D13.B14.A15.C16.D17.A18.B19.B20.D
III.完成句子
A)根据句子的意思,将括号中的词改成所需要的形式,填入横线。
1.Couldyoupassapieceofpaper?(I)
2.Ivegottwoinmybag.(picture)
3.Februaryisthemonthoftheyear.(two)
4.Myruleristhanyours.(short)
5.Tomrunsinourclass.(quickly)
6.Shehastodohomeworkeveryday.(she)
7.Helivesonthe__________floor.(five)
8.PleasegivePollysomecleancabbage________everyweek.(leaf)
B)汉译英
1.去公园怎么样?___________goingtothepark,Jim?
2.恐怕你将落在其他学生后面。___________thatyouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.
3.请不要忘记关灯。Pleasedon’tforgetto________thelight.
4.你做那件事为了什么?_______doyoudothat_______
5.为什么男孩的老师把他从学校开除了?
6.Whydidtheboy’steacher______him___________school?
答案:
A)1.me2.pictures3.second4.shorter5.mostquickly6.her7.fifth8.leaves
B)1.Whatabout2I’mafraid3.turnoff4.Whatfor5.sendawayfrom
IV.阅读理解
A.判断正误,对的写A,错的写B。
JamesWatt(詹姆斯.瓦特)andthekettle(水壶)
JamesWattwasanEnglishboy.Hewascleverandbright.Helikedtoaskquestionsandalwaysthinking-hard.Onedayhewassittinginthekitchenwithhisoldgrandmother.Therehesawakettleonthefire.Soonsteam(蒸气)begantocomeoutofthekettle.Itwasrising,risingandrising.Andthelid(盖子)wasmoving."Grandma,whatsinthekettle?"littleWattasked."Water,mychild,nothingbutwater.""Iknowthereissomethingelse.Look,itispushingthelidup.""Ohthatsonlysteam.""Howdoesthesteamgetunderthelid?"Thesteammustbeverystrong."theboysaidtohimself."Itcanpushthings,ifthereismorewater,thesteamwillbemuchstronger."Many,manyyearslater,JamesWatttriedtomakesteamworkforpeople.Finallyhegavetheworldthefirststeamengine(发动机).Hisnamelivesforever.
()1.JamesWattlikedtoaskquestionsandthinkhardwhenhewasaboy.
()2.Becausehewastoofoolish,JamesWattlikedtoaskquestions.
()3.Thewaterinthekettlecanturnintosteamwithoutbeingheated(热).
()4.TherehadbeensteamenginesintheworldbeforeJamesWattwasaschoolboy.
()5.JamesWattinventedthesteamengine.
B.选择正确答案
OneofMikesfriendslovedmoneyverymuchandnevergaveanythingtoanybody.Soonhebecamerich.Oneday,therichmanwaswalkingalongtheriverwithhisfriends.Hewastalkingandlaughingandsuddenlyhefellintotheriver.Hisfriendstriedtohelphim.Oneofthemheldouthishandandsaid,"Givemeyourhand,andIwillpullyouout!"Therichmanwentunderthewaterandthencameupagain,buthedidnotgivehisfriendhishand.Againanotherofhisfriendstired,butagainthesamethinghappened.
ThenMikesaid,"TakemyhandandIwillpullyouout!"Therichmantookouthishandatonce,andMikepulledouthimoutofthewater.
"Youdontknowourfriendverywell,"Hesaidtotheothers."WhenyousayGivetohim,hedoesnothing;butwhenyousayTake,hetakes.
()1.Whatwastherichmanlike?
A.Helovedmoneyverymuch.B.Healwayshelpsothers.C.Hewasnotafraidofdeath.
()2.Whathappenedonedaytotherichmanashewaswalkingalongtheriver?
A.Hewashitbyacar.B.Hefellintotheriver.C.Helostallhismoney.
()3.Whatdidhisfriendsdowhenthishappened?
A.Theyallranaway.B.Theytriedtosavehim.C.Theydidntknowhowtosavehim.
()4.Whenhisfriendsaid,"Givemeyourhand!",therichman.
A.givehishandtohisfriendatonceB.heldouthishandandcriedforhelp
C.didntgivehishandtohisfriend.
()5.Therichmanlikethewordbecausehelikedtotakethingsfromothersandnevergaveanythingtoanybody.A."give"B."take"C."hold"
答案:A.1.A2.B3.B4.B5.AB.1.A2.B3.B4.C5.B
V.完型填空
AThomasEdisonwenttoschoolonlythreemonthsofhislife.Afterthat,hismotherbecamehisteacher.Hismotherwasstrict___1___him.She___2___himtostudyeveryday,notonlyinwinter,butalsoinsummer.Hedidn’t___3___iftheotherboyswereplayingoutside___4___hewasstudying.Hismothergavehimbothlearningandlovelearning.Shethoughtitwas___5___importantforhersontothinkthanonlytorememberthings.
Edison’smother’swayof___6___wastoread___7___EdisonthebestbooksshecouldfindbookswrittenbythegreatEnglishwritersShakespeareandDickens,andmanyimportantbooksofhistory.WhenEdisonwaseightyearsold,heenjoyed____8____inreadinggoodbooks.Bythetimehewasnine,hecouldreaddifficultbooksveryquickly.Heenjoyed____9____todoeverythingforhimself.Heneverreallylearnedtorememberthefactsandrulesofcertain(某些,一定的)things.Helearnedtodonumber____10____,buthedidntliketodothem.Hedidn’tthinkaboutnumbersthewaymostpeopledo.
()1.A.inB.forC.withD.at
()2.A.askedB.madeC.keptD.wanted
()3.A.likeB.mindC.wantD.think
()4.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.assoonas
()5.A.mostB.moreC.lessD.much
()6.A.playingB.doingC.teachingD.thinking
()7.A.forB.onC.aboutD.to
()8.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.interests
()9.AlearnB.learningC.TeachD.teaching
()10.A.answersB.questionsC.problemsD.games
BMissGreenwasveryfat.Herweight(体重)was100kilos,andshewas(1)everymonth,soshe(2)doctor.Hesaid,"Youneedadiet(节食),MissGreen,andIvegotagoodonehere."Hegaveherabookandsaid,"Readthis(3)andeatthethingsonpage11everyday.Thencomebackandseeme(4)(5)."MissGreencameagaintwoweekslater,butshewasntthinner,shewas(6).Thedoctorwassurprisedandsaid,"(7)thethingsonpage11ofthebook?""Yesdoctor."Sheanswered.ThenextdaythedoctorvisitedMissGreen(8).Shewasverysurprisedtoseehim."MissGreen,"hesaid,"(9)areyoueatingpotatoesandbread?Theyarentyourdiet.""But,doctor,"MissGreenanswered,"I(10)mydietatlunchtime.Thisismydinner."
()1.A.gettingheavierB.gotheavierC.getheavyD.gotheavy
()2.A.goesandseeaB.wenttoseeherC.wentandseeherDgonetoseea
()3.A.slowlyB.slowC.carefulD.carefully
()4.A.inB.atC.toD.after
()5.A.twoweektimeB.twoweekstimeC.twoweekstimeD.twoweektimes
()6.A.morefatB.moreheavyC.fatterD.fater
()7.A.DoyoueatB.AreyoueatingC.HaveyoueatingD.Didyoueat
()8.A.forherdinnerB.duringherdinnerC.atdinnerD.whenherdinner
()9.A.WhatB.WhenC.WhyD.Where
()10.A.eattingB.haveeatedC.ateD.eatts
答案:A.1.C2.A3.B4.A5.B6.C7.D8.C9.B10.C
B.1.A2.B3.D4.A5.C6.D7.D8.C9.C10.C
VI.下列各句各有一处错误,请找出并改正。把答案写在后面的横线上。
1.TheyarewatchingTVwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.___________
2.Whereishe?Hehasbeentothelibrary.___________
3.Youcanborrowthebookfortwoweeks.___________
4.Whatisthemandoing?SheisreadEnglish.___________
5.Heaskedmedon’tlookatourbooks.___________
6.Heisoneofthebeststudentintheschool.___________
答案:
1.are---were2.been---gone3.borrow---keep
4.read---reading5.don’t---not6.student---students
VII.短文写作:根据中文和英文提示,写出一篇语句连貫的短文。
提示:一天,爱迪生的母亲病了,她需要立刻手术。但是,房间里的灯光太弱了……
1.oneday,Edison’smother,ill,needanoperation,
2.put,allthelights,onalongtable,andabigmirror,behind
3.now,therebe,enough,doctor,can,operate,
4.atlast,besaved,
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
答案:
OnedayEdison’smotherwasillandsheneededanoperationatonce.Becauseitwasverydarkintheroom,heputallthelightsonthetableandabigmirrorbehind.Nowtherewasenoughlightandthedoctorcouldoperate.Atlasthismotherwassaved.
五、布置作业
1、预习UNIT6
2、完成练习:初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT6)
3、摘录疑难问题
六、课后反思
一、目标再现
1.能够运用过去时态来谈论过去的经历和运用现在完成时来谈论由过去开始,与现在相联系或有影响的经历。
2.学习和归纳有关环境和污染方面词汇,且能够正确运用它们来描述所见所闻。
3.进一步学习现在完成时态,特别是它的时间状语的表达法:for…或since…
4.归纳总结哪些动词是延续性动词,哪些是非延续性动词,以及它们之间的转换。特别是与一段时间连用时只能使用延续性动词。
5.培养自己的环境意识,养成良好的行为举止,能运用所学知识来报道周边的环境问题。
二、重点难点解析
1.havebeen(to)与havegone(to)
havebeen与havegone都表示现在完成时态,表明动作已经发生了,但它们之间的含义是有不同的。
1)"havebeenin+地点名词"或者"havebeen+表位置的副词"含义是"在某地呆得过多久"。例如:
MrZhanghasbeeninthisschoolfortenyears.Heknowseveryonehere.
张先生在这所学校呆了十年。
IhavebeenheresinceIbegantowork.Itsjustlikemyhome.
我工作以来一直呆在这里。
2)"havebeento+地点名词"表示"曾经到某地去过(多少次)"。例如:
MissBrownhasbeentoChinatwice.ThatswhyshespeaksJapaneseverywell.
布朗小姐来过中国两次。
Haveyoueverbeenherebefore?
你以前到过这儿吗?
3)"havegoneto+地点名词"或"havegone+表位置的副词"其含义是"到某地去了"(人已不在此地),注意:这种结构不用于第一人称,也不用于第二人称,它仅用于第三人称。请看下面一段对话:
A:WheresTom?
B:Hesgonetotheshop.
A:HasMarygonetherewithhim?
B:No,shehasnt.
2.BusinessmenareafraidofnewspapersandTVstations.生意人害怕报纸和电台。
beafraidof…意思是"害怕……"。afraid是形容词,在句中只能作表语,后跟名词或动词的-ing形式(指自己不能决定而突然发生的事),与frightened的意思相同。beafraid后也可跟动词不定式表示"害怕做某事"即:beafraidtodosth.。另外,afraid后还可跟that引导的宾语从句,意思是"担心,恐怕"。例如:
(1)Iamafraidofmice.我害怕老鼠。
(2)Dontbeafraidofmakingmistakes.不要怕犯错误。
(3)Imafraidtotellherthetruth.我不敢告诉她真相。
(4)Iamafraidyouareill.恐怕你是病了。
(5)Imafraid(that)wemaynotcatchthetrain.我担心我们可能赶不上火车。
3.Assoonasotherpeoplehearit,theygooutwiththeirrubbishandthrowitin.
当人们一听到它,他们就出来把垃圾扔进去。
assoonas-……就……,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作紧跟从句的动作发生。必须注意assoonaspossible(onecan),它表示"尽可能快地"。
例:(1)HellwritetomeassoonashegetstoBeijing.他一到北京就会给我写信。
(2)Youshoulddoyourworkassoonaspossible.你应尽快地做事。
4.…takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.保护好我们的环境是非常重要的。
(1)takecareof保护,照顾,保管。如:
Pleasetakegoodcareofyourbooks.请保管好你们的书。
CanyoutakecareofmybabywhileImaway?我出去时你能为我照顾我的孩子吗?
(2)"Takingcareofourenvironment"在这里是动名词短语作主语。也可以说:Itsveryimportanttotakecareofourenvironment.
5.Itsourdutytokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy.
保持我们的环境干净整洁是我们的责任。
(1)it在这里是形式主语,真正的主语是"tokeepourenvironmentcleanandtidy"
又如:Itsapleasantwaytohelpkeepourcityclean.
(2)keen后面可跟带现在分词的复合结构。如:
Hekeptmewaitingforalongtimeyesterday.他昨天让我等了很长时间。
keep后面也可跟带形容词的复合结构。如:
Youshouldtakemoreexercisetokeepyouhealthy.你应该多运动来保持健康。
6.Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.如果每人都对保护环境做出贡献,那么世界将变得更加美丽。
makeacontributionto…意思是"对……做贡献,捐赠"。to是介词后跟名词或动词的-ing形式。例如:
(l)Thomasmadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.托马斯爱迪生对世界做出了很大的贡献。
(2)Itisourdutytomakeacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment.为环境保护做贡献是我们的责任。
make是英语中非常活跃的动词之一,和不同的词搭配具有不同的含义。又如:
makeaface做鬼脸makealiving谋生
makeamistake犯错误makefriendswith交朋友
makefunof开玩笑makeonesway挤出一条路
makeroomfor让座makeuponesmind下决心
MyfriendEmmamadefunofmyjoboncetime.Shesaidthatmyjobisrathermakingalivingthancareermanage.Imadeupmymindtorunmycompanysuccessfully,whichcouldmakeherrealizeshehadmadesuchamistake.ThenImademywayinmasssociety.Imadegoodasamanager.IstayhereandmakesurethatIhavemadeagoofthebusiness.ImakeofwhatEmmahavedoneforme,luckily,Imadefriendwithher.
7.Themoretrees,thebetter的结构
这里是"themore,themore…"句型表述结构,它的意思是"越多越好;越……,越……"。例如:Startyourwork,thesooner,thebetter.开始工作吧,越快越好。
ThemoreIthinkofit,thehappierIam.我越想越高兴:
Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.你越用功,进步就越大。
Thelongerwestayedthere,themorewelikethepeoplethere.
我们在那里呆得越久,越喜欢那里的人民。
注意:在"themore…,themore"这个句型中,"the"不能省略。
8.…needtodobetterinprotectingtheenvironment.需要在保护环境方面做得更好。
dowellin在某方面干得好。dobetterin在某方面干得更好。
在in后面加名词或动名词。例:Hedoeswellinplayingfootball.他足球踢得很好。
9.延续性动词与非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词:表示动作能够持续发生一段时间的动词。如:
be,have,know,work,live,study,teach,speak,talk,draw,wait,wear,walk,sleep等。
MissGaohasbeenheresince7:00.
高小姐七点起就到这儿了。(此句中不能用arrived或come)
Ihavehadthebikeforfiveyears.这辆自行车我已经买了五年了。(不能用bought)
(2)非延续性动词
表示一个动作刚刚发生即告结束。如:
come,go,arrive,reach,see,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,fall,join,die,getup等。它们可以用于完成时态的第一种,说明某个动作的结果还存在。但它们不可以用于完成时态的第二种。
GrandpaWanghasdied.王大爷已经去世了。
Thefilmhasbegun.电影已经开映。(现正放映)
这类动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:要表达"王大爷已经去世两年了"应这样写:GrandpaWanghasbeendeadfortwoyears.而不能写成:
GrandpaWanghasdiedfortwoyears.
注:在for+时间段或since+时间点的词组或句子上进行画线部分提问要用howlong。同时用howlong开始的句子中的谓语要用延续性的动词(时态不限)。
三、典型例题解答与分析
1.词语练习:根据句意选择合适的词语填空。
1)-______youhavelockedthedoor.
-Youneedn’tworryaboutit.I_________Ilockeditbeforeweleft.(makesure,besure)
2)Don’tworry!We’llwatertheflowersassoonaswe______home.(willarrive,arrive)
3)I’mverymuch___________theteacher.
I’m__________theywon’tcometomyparty.(afraidof,afraidthat)
4)Susan______________thatshewouldhavechancetocometoChinasomeday.(kepthoping,keptonhoping)
解析:1)Makesure;amsure(此句意思是:确定一下你是否锁门了。besure回答是:别操心了,我肯定锁了。)
2)arrive(assoonas引导的是时间状语从句,所以当表示将来时时,从句应用一般现在时。)
3)afraidthat(第一句话空后因为是一个名词,且意思是:害怕。afraidthat第二句话空后是一句话,所以用that来连接一个从句。)
4)kepthoping(此句意思是:她一直希望有一天会有机会来中国。表示持续不断的动作或状态用keepdoing…。)
2.Jimhasbeenatthefactory_______twoyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.beforeD.after
解析:答案为B。本题主要考查时间状语与谓语的关系。for后跟时间段表示一段时间,since后跟时间的起点,表示一段时间,before表示在什么时间之前,after则表示在什么时间之后。本句是完成时态,指自两年前以来如何,且两年前是个时间的(起)点,因此,此处应用since。
3.MrSmithhastaughthere______tenyearsago.A.forB.beforeC.sinceD.into
解析:现在完成时态除表示动作已经完成外,还表示动作在过去已经开始,并一直延续到现在。常常和for或since所构成的时间状语连用。for后面的宾语表示的是一段时间,而since后面则是表示过去的某一时间点。since还可作连词引导时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词常用一般过去时态,主句用完成时态。所以,根据题意本题答案为C。例如:
(1)I’vebeenhereforovertwoyears.我来这儿两年多了。
(2)I’veknownhimsincetenyearsago.十年前我就认识他了。
(3)HehasworkedinthisfactorysincehecametoChina.他自从来到中国就一直在那家工厂工作。
另外,由for和since引导的时间状语不能与终止性动词的肯定式连用,但可和其否定式连用。又如Hehasn’tcometoBeijingsince1992.从1992年以来,他就没来过北京。
4.Ourteacher______Lindacancometojoinus.A.wishesB.asksC.tellsD.hopes
解析:答案为D
本题主要考查学生对wish和hope的用法的掌握。hope后面接从句,其引导的宾语从句的连词that可以省去;而wish后面也可以跟宾语从句,但从句中的谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,也就是couldcome.本句中,“老师希望琳达来”这种愿望是发自内心的,而不是说不可能实现。例如:IwishImaylivetoseeit.我希望还能活着看见这件事。
Wewish(that)Iwereyoungagain.要是我能返老还童该多好呀!
(以上两句均为虚拟的语气)
Wehope(that)youwillstartoffearly.我们希望你早点动身。
Hehopes(that)theycanmeetinChangsha.他希望他们能在长沙见面。
5.She______gohomenow.
A.hadbetternottoB.hadbetternotC.hadnotbetterD.hadnotbetterto
解析:答案为B
这里的hadbetter相当于一个情态动词,表示一种语气,意愿,汉语的意思是“最好”,“还是……为好”。构成这种句子的否定形式只需在后面直接加not就可以了。例如:
You’dbetternotgonow.你现在还是不走为好。
Wehadbetternotmakefunofhim.我们最好不要跟他开玩笑。
注意:not后面不能用to,更不能在had和better中间加not。
6.下列各勾划线部分均有一处错误,找出并将序号填入题前括号内
()1)Hehascomebackforamonth.
ABCD
()2)Ihaven’theardfrommywifesincealongtime.
ABCD
()3)Janehadonherhatandcoatandwentout.
ABCD
()4)Hepaid50yuanonthedictionary.
ABCD
()5)Areyousureyou’velookedforthedog?
ABCD
解析1)A,come是终止性动词,不能和表示一段的时间状语连用,应改为been。
2)C,since后须跟时间的(起)点,表示一段时间,alongtime是一段时间,应该将since改为for。
3)A,haveon表示状态,此句的意思是“戴上帽子、穿上大衣走了出去”,所以动词需要表示动态的词,应改为puton。
4)C,用pay来表示付钱时,它的搭配介词应是for。
5)D,lookfor是寻找,而此句问的是找到,所以应使用found。
四、习题精选初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT2)疑难解答。(本习题课前发给学生)
I.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Theriverhasbecome_______and_______sincetwoyearsago.(dirty)
2.Wedbetterkeepthefire______(burn).
3._____areafraidofnewspapersandTVstations.(businessman)
4.What____weatheritistoday!(pleased)
5.WefindEnglishvery____inourdailylife.(use)
答案:1.dirtier,dirtier2.burning3.Businessmen4.pleasant5.useful
Ⅱ.根据句意和首字母补全单词。
1.Allherneighbourss______hertobeanactress.
2.Dontp______thedirtywaterontheyard.
3.Everyoneshouldmakeac______toimprovingourenvironment.
4.Plantingmoretreescanmakeourcityg______.
5.Hisgiftm______herveryhappy.
答案:1.supposed2.pour3.contribution4.green5.made
Ⅲ.句型转换
1.Pleasefinishitassoonasyoucan.Pleasefinishit_________________.
2.Shediedtwoyearsago.She_________________________twoyears.
3.Iboughtthebookthreedaysago.I______________thebook_______threedays.
4.Hehasdoneallthework.Hehasdone_________________________.
5.Igotaletterfromherlastweek.I________________________lastweek.
6.Therewasalotofrainyesterday.It________________yesterday.
7.Weborrowedtwobookslastweek.We________thebookssincelastweek.
8.Heboughtthisnewbikeamonthago.He________thisnewbikesinceamonthago.
9.HebecameamemberofGreenerChinalastyear.
He________amemberofGreenerChina____ayear.
10.Whendidthetrainarrivehere?Howlong____thetrain____here?
答案:1.assoonaspossible2.hasbeendeadfor3.havehad,for4.thewholework
5.heardfromher6.rainedheavily7.haskept8.hashad9.hasbeen,for10.has,been
Ⅳ.选择填空
1.HowlonghasJim____atthisschool?A.arrivedB.comeC.studiedD.gone
2.Thelittlegirlisafraidof____atnight.A.goB.goesC.goingD.went
3.Assoonashe____,hewillwritetome.A.arrivesatB.arrivesC.reachesD.gets
4.Theteacheris____withwhatwedid.A.pleasedB.pleaseC.pleasureD.pleasant
5.____willhebeback?Inaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowoftenD.Howmany
6.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfor______everyday.
A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfhourC.oneandhalfhoursD.oneandahalfhours
7.Whodraw______Jack?A.sowellasB.aswellasC.sobetterthanD.asgoodas
8.Thegirlhadashortrestanddidherhomework______shereachedhome.
A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since
9.Wehaveknowneachother______wewereyoung.A.forB.sinceC.afterD.before
10.They______verybusylastmonth.A.areB.wereC.beD.havebeen
11.There___aparknearourschoolsincetwoyearsago.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
12.Lucyisveryfree.Look,she__amodelship.A.makesB.madeC.hasmadeD.ismaking
13.Manystudentsinourclass______glassesovertheireyesinclass.
A.putonB.dressC.wearD.getdressed
14.Whatdoyouthinkweshould__improveourenvironment?A.doB.toC.doforD.doto
15.Theyvefoundawayto___thatwastething.A.doB.dowithC.throwD.moveaway
16.Wefindthebookvery______.A.interestB.interestingC.interestsD.interested
17.Shehas_____finishedherlunch,butshehasntwashedherbowls______.
A.already,yetB.just,alreadyC.already,justD.just,yet
18.UncleWanghasbeenhere______tenyearsago.A.forB.sinceC.inD.at
19.TheywenttoLondon______justoverfivemonths.A.forB.sinceC.beforeD.when
20.Theweatherwas______itistoday.
A.notaswetterasB.notwetterthanC.morewetterthanD.wetteras
答案:1.C2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.B8.C9.B10.B
11.C12.D13.C14.D15.B16.B17.A18.B19.A20.B
Ⅴ.改正下列句中的错误
1.Ifitwontraintomorrow,wellgoforapicnic.
2.Whatdidhedowhenyoucamein?
3.Thatsaquitebeautifulpicture.Ilikeitverymuch.
4.Canyouhearthesoundoftheboysplayoutside?
5.Theywatchedthetrafficat9:00yesterdaymorning.
6.Whilemymotherwasdoingthehousework,Ididmyhomework.
7.Hetookofftheshoes,throwitonthefloorandthenreadanewspaper.
8.WhatwasLiPinglisteningwhenyousawhim?
9.Heopenedthedoorandsawthemanofdownstairs.
10.Themanfeltasleephalfanhourlater.
答案:1.wontrain→doesntrain2.didhedo→washedoing3.aquite→quitea
4.play→playing5.watched→werewatching6.did→wasdoing7.throw→threw
8.listening→listeningto9.of→from10.felt→fell
Ⅵ.完形填空
通读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各小题所给的选项中选择最佳的一项。
Wateristhe1importantofallthethingsweeatand2.___3__understandthisbut4quitetrue.Thehumanbodycangowithout_5_foralongtime,yettwo___6threedays7watercanusuallymakepeopledie.
Manypeopledontunderstandhow8waterthehumanbodyneeds9workwell,andmanypeopledonotdrinkenough,10inhotweather.Ourbodyismostlywaterabout11.12wedonthave13,wellfeeltiredandmanywillgetill.Soyou___14,howimportantwater15tousall.
()l.A.moreB.mostC.muchD.many()2.A.haveB.drinkC.takeD.cook
()3.A.NotmanypeopleB.ThoughwedontC.ManypeopleD.Someofus
()4.A.itsB.itsC.itD.is()5.A.foodB.waterC.drinkD.meat
()6.A.butB.norC.andD.or()7.A.inB.throughC.withD.without
()8.A.manyB.muchC.widelyD.abit()9.A.andB.theC.toD./
()10.A.evenB.everC.almostD.hardly
()11.A.15%to25%B.25%to35%C.65%to75%D.95%to100%
()12.A.BecauseB.IfC.SinceD.For()13.A.someB.enoughwaterC.alittleD.afew
()14.A.hearB.lookC.findD.know()15.A.beB.amC.isD.are
答案:
1.B(根据句意和定冠词the来判断important要用最高级。)
2.B(eat和drink是一个搭配。)
3.A(根据but一词可确定前面的句子应是一个否定句,所以答案C、D不能用。英语中有though就不能用but,所以答案B也不对。只有答案A是对的,意思是:不是许多人都知道这个道理,但它的确是个事实。)
4.A(略)
5.A6.D
7.D(这三个答案要一起考虑。这句话得意思是:人们没有食物可以活很长一段时间,然而没有水两或三天通常就能使人死去。这里food和water是一对对比词。)
8.B(在英语中water是个不可数名词,要用howmuch来修饰。)
9.C(这句中得need是个实义动词,后接一个不定式。)
10.A(根据句意是:许多人喝水都不够,既使是在热天。)
11.C(根据事实填。)
12.B(这句不仅根据句意,而且还要注意到这个复合句的主句是将来时,从句是一般现在时,所以在四个选项中只有用if引导的条件状语从句符合这条规则。)
13.B(当enough修饰名词时可以放在名词前,也可以放在名词后。)
14.D(这句意思是:所以你知道……。)
15.C(water是个不可数名词,所以动词用单数。)
Ⅶ.阅读理解
A
Basketballisstillayounggame.Itisnotahundredyearsold.Inthewinterof1891,acertaincollegewashavingsometroublewithitsboystudents.Theweatherwasbadandthestudentshadtostayindoors.Astheycouldnottakepartintheirusualoutdoorssports,theywereunhappyandsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.
Atlast,someoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDr.Naismithtoinventagamesothatthestudentsmighthavesomethingtoplay.Itwasnoteasytoinventsuchagamebecauseithadtoplayindoors,andthecourtwasnotverylarge.
Dr.Naismiththoughtforafewdaysandinventedakindofballgame.Itwasafast,excitinggamewithmuchmovingandpassingoftheball.Itwasplayedbetweentwoteams.Inordertomakeascoretheballhadtobethrownintoabox.Ashecouldnotfindboxesoftherightsize,hehadtousefruitbasketinstead.Thatishowthegamegotitsname.
()1.Basketballis____.
A.NotyetanoldgameB.anoldgame
C.agamewithalonghistoryD.alreadytwohundredyearsold
()2.Thestudentsfeltunhappybecause____.
A.theyoftenfoughteachotherB.theycouldntplayoutside
C.theycouldntfindtimetoplayD.theydidntliketoplay
()3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Somestudentsaskedtheteachertoinventsomethingforthemtoplay.
B.Dr.Naismithcouldntinventanewgame.
C.SometeachersaskedDr.Naismithtoinventanewgame.
D.Dr.Naismithaskedtheteacherstoinventthenewgame.
()4.Whenthestudentsplayedthegame,theyneededto____.
A.buyballsB.runandpasstheball
C.jumpandthrowtheballD.bothBandC
()5.Thegamegotitsnamefrom____.
A.theballitselfB.thebasketitself
C.boththebasketandtheballD.notthebasketbuttheball
答案:1.A2.B3.C4.D5.C
B
Earlyrisingishelpfulinmorethanoneway.Weallneedfresh(新鲜的)air.Butairisneversofreshasearlyinthemorning.Besides,itisusefultodomorningexercises.
Secondly,earlyrisinghelpsusinourstudies.Inthemorningwelearnmorequicklyandfinditeasiertounderstandwhatwelearn.
Thirdly,earlyrisingcangiveaplantoourworkfortheday.Wecannotworkwellwithoutagoodplan.
Fourthly,earlyrisinggivesusenoughtimetogetreadyforourwork,suchastowashourhandsandfacesandeatourbreakfast.
Laterisersmayfinditverydifficulttoform(形成)thehabitofearlyrising.Theyhavetomakeaneffort(努力)todoso.AstheEnglishproverb(谚语)says"Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthy(富有)andwise."
()l.Airisfresh__________.
A.earlyinthemorningB.atthetimewhenyougetup
C.whenyouaresleepingD.lateatnight
()2.Doingmorningexercises________.
A.helpustomemorizewhatwelearnB.isgoodtoourhealth
C.givesusenoughtimetostudyD.makeustiredandsleepy
()3.Wecantworkwell________.
A.iftheweatherisbadB.ifwegetupearly
C.ifwehavenotagoodplanD.insummer,autumn,winter
()4.Earlyrisinggivesusenoughtime_____.
A.togetreadyforourworkB.towashourfaces
C.tobrushourteethD.toeatbreakfast
()5.Laterisersshouldtrytheirbest_______
A.toformthegoodhabitofearlyrisingB.toremembersomeEnglishproverbs
C.tosleepasmanyhoursaspossibleD.togetupearlierthaneveryoneelse
答案:1.A2.B3.C4.A5.A
Ⅷ.书面表达
根据中英文提示,写出意思连贯,符合逻辑的英文文段。所给的英语提示语必须都用上。
一天,李雷和他的同学到公园去。他看到一个人随地吐痰,他怎么做的呢?后来他又看见什么了,他有何感想呢?
spitonthepath,runupto,tell,not,when,they,arrive,thecentreofthepark,somechildren,runhereandthereonthegrass,manypeople,steponit,while,take,photos,getveryangry,sayto,angrily,should,askthem,everybodysduty,protect,environment
答案:
OnedayLiLeiwenttoaparkwithhisfriends.Hesawamanspitonthepath,heranuptohimandtoldhimnottospit.Whentheyarrivedatthecentreofthepark,hesawthatsomechildrenwererunninghereandthereonthegrass,andmanypeopleweresteppingonthegrasswhiletheyweretakingphotos.LiLeigotveryangry.Hesaidtohisfriendsangrily,"Weshouldaskthemthatitseverybodysdutytoprotectourenvironment."
五、布置作业
1、预习UNIT4
2、完成练习:初三英语总复习单元自查练习(UNIT4)
3、摘录疑难问题
六、课后反思
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