中考考点十七:定语从句
中考资讯导航:定语从句主要考查关系代词的选择。
一、定语从句(一):
1.定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句(二)
1.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone等时,只能用that。
Thereisnothing______Icandoforyou.
2).当先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
Thisistheverybook______I’mlookingfor.
3).先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that。
Thisisthefirstnextbook______Istudiedinthemiddleschool.
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
Thisisthemostbeautifulmountain______Ihaveeverseen.=
Ihave_____seen_____abeautifulmountian.
5).先行词既有人也有物时,只能that。
Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons_______wehad.
2.先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下,只能用which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时,关系词只能用which。
Thisisthebuildingin______helives.
2).先行词本身是that时,关系词只能用which。
Theclockisthat_____tellsthetime.
3).引导非限定性的定语从句(先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开),关系词用which。
Hisbook,______waslostlastweek,hasbeenfoundnow.
3.先行词是人时,一般情况下既可用who也可用that。但以下情况下,只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who。
Those______aresingingareallmyclassmates.
2).在therebe句型中,先行词指人时,只能用who。指物时用that。
Thereisagirl______expectstoseeyou.
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时,只能用who。
He______playswithfiregetsburned.
三、定语从句(三)。
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+which
1.由where引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示地点的名词2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Isthisthehouse______youlived?=Isthisthehouse__________youlived?
=Isthisthehouse_____youlivedin?
2.由when引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示时间的名词2).在定语从句中作时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedays______Imethim.=Iwillneverforgetthedays________Imethim.
注:先行词是thelasttime时,when可省略。
Whenwasthelasttimeyousawtheparrot?
3.由why引导的定语从句。
先行词为reason时,一般用why。why在句中作原因状语。
Wedon’tknowthereason______theydidn’tcome.
四、注意事项:
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,常可省略。
Thestory_____hetoldwasverypopular.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。
Ilovessingerswho_______(write)theirownsongs.
Sheisoneofthegirlswho______(study)hard.
3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。
Willyoupleaseshowmethebook______yesterday?
A.whichyouboughtB.thatyouboughtitC.youboughtD.youboughtit
4.定语从句中whose的确定:
无论先行词是人或物,在定语从句中做定语用whose。
判断:看定语从句的主语前有无限定词(my、your、Jim’s等),若没有,则用whose。
Thegirl_____parentsworkinBeijingisKate.
A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.that
Iknowtheboy.Hishandwritingisverygood.=Iknowtheboy____handwritingisverygood.
五、定语从句的简化
把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。
1.Shereveivedaboxwhichwasfullofpresents.Shereveivedabox__________presents.
2.HelikesreadingbooksthatwaswrittenbyLuxun.Helikesreadingbooking_________Luxun.
3.IlikeChineseteawhichhasnothinginit.IlikeChinesetea___________init.
4.Doyouknowthegirlwhoiswearingareddress.Doyouknowthegirl______areddress.
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1.Theman____isstandingthereismyfather.
A.whoB.whomC.which
()2.Whowastheman_____spoketoyoujustnow?
A.whoB.whomC.that
()3.Tomistheonlyperson_____Icandependon.
A.thatB.whichC.who
()4.Itisthebestfilm____shehaseverseen.
A.thatB.whichC.when
()5.Beijingisthe29thcity____holdstheOlympicGames.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
()6.Thefootballmatch____Iwatchedyesterdayisfantastic!
A.whenB.thatC.whatD.who
()7.Chinaisacountry___hasalonghistory.
A.whoB.whichC.where
()8.Theboy___Italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.
A.whoB.whichC.where
()9.—ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?
—Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools__thosechildrencanstudyhappily.
A.whereB.whenC.which
()10.WeknowJackieChan___moviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.
A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which
()11.doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose
()12.Thisisthedictionary_______mumgavemeformybirthday.
A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom
()13.Shaolintemple_______liesinthewestofzhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.
A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what
()14.—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?
—Sheismylittlesister.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which
()15.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes______makemefeelcomfortable.”
A.thatB.whatC.who
()16.Therewillbeaflowershowintheparkwevisitedlastweek.
A.whoB.whenC.whatD.Which
()17.—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.
—Soweshoulddosomething______canhelpstopsmoking.
A.whatB.whoC./D.that
()18.Istillrememberthetime_____wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.
A.whenB.whatC.whoD.which
()19.Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks_________Ilikeisorangejuice.[
A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom
()20.—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?
—Theone______hatisyellow.
A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which
()21.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher_______happenedinourschoollastweek.A
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what
()22.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary_____myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.
A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that
()23.ZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteacher______gaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.
A.whoB.thatC.whomD.which
()24.Mr.Smith__________issmokingislookingfor________shelostyesterday.
A.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;where
()25.Successwillbelongtothose________neversay"impossible".
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which
()26.—Whatareyoulookingfor?
—Imlookingforthering______myhusbandboughtmelastyear.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it
()27.Ihatepeople______talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom
()28.Pianoisaword________wasoriginallyborrowedfromItalian.
A.whereB.whoC.whichD.whose
()29.—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?
—No,Iprefersongs_____loud.
A.thatisB.whichisC.thatareD.whatare
()30.Icanneverforgetthestories________mygrandmatoldme.
A.whatB.whoC.themD.that
补全对话
“补全对话”题旨在考查学生实际运用日常交际用语的能力。这种试题形式贴近生活,能开拓学生的思维能力。命题者一般会将对话内容控制在《日常交际用语细目表》的规定范围内。该题是一种自由应答题,是以“写”的方式来考查“说”的能力。要解决好这类题,首先要通读对话,了解大意,看对话是属于哪个方面的,涉及几个交际项目。必须掌握交际项目里的交际习语,要使用场景语言答题,如电话用语,就餐,购物,看病等。应注意答题策略。
评分说明:
(1)本题共10分,每小题2分。
(2)参考答案并不是唯一答案(不可能一一给出),若学生所给答案与本答案不符,只要语法、意义、拼写(含大小写)正确,且符合要求,也得分。
(3)标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时应视其对交际的影响程度酌情考虑。
(4)单词拼写错误,评分时视其对交际的影响程度酌情扣分。
每个老师上课需要准备的东西是教案课件,大家静下心来写教案课件了。需要我们认真规划教案课件工作计划,才能对工作更加有帮助!你们到底知道多少优秀的教案课件呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-动词”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
中考专题五:动词
动词是表示动作(study,find,swim等)或状态(be,like,feel等)的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。
知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
动词分类:动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词(实义动词)四类。
一)助动词
助动词没有任何含义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be,do,does,did,have,will,shall等。具体用法如下:
1、助动词be的用法如下:
1)构成各种进行时态。如:Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.昨天整天下雨。
2)构成被动语态。如:
Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。
3)与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如:
TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。
2、助动词do的用法如下:
1)构成疑问式或否定式。如:
Doeshethinkso?Ididn’tsayanythingabouttheresult.
2)在动词前加上do,does,did表示强调,意为“的确,确实”。如:
Theydostudyhard.Shedoeslovehim.Hedidwanttohelptheoldman.
3)可以用作代动词,代替句子中已经出现的实义动词,以避免重复。如:
—Whojumpshighestinyourclass?—Jimdoes.(不说Jimjumps)
3、have:助动词have的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如:
Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.
Assoonasthesunhadsettheyreturned.
4、shall,should:助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态;助动词should是shall的过去式,构成过去将来时。如:Ishallsendtenletterstomygoodfriend.
ShewantedtoknowifIshouldgotothepalace.
二)情态动词
情态动词本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,should等。
一.情态动词的用法
1.can用法
1)表示能力,与beableto同义,但can只用于现在时和过去时,beableto可用于各种时态。
Twoeyescanseemorethanone.
注:Canyou…?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.
2).表示允许、请求
用could比can语气更加委婉客气,常用于couldI/you…..?句型中,若表示同意时,用can回答而不用could.
CouldIborrowthebook?No,youcan’t.
3)。表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)
Itcan’tbetrue.
Canitbetrue?
2.may用法
1)表允许,请求=can
表示许可或征求对方的许可,常于第一人称连用。
注:MayI….?Yes,youmayNo,youcan’t/mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly.
2)表推测,可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybeheknowsthenews.=He__________thenews.
3.must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.
注:MustI….?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t(don’thaveto).
--Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?
--No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.
2)mustn’t表禁止、不允许。
Youmustn’ttalktoherlikethat.
3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can.
Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.
She’swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.
注:must表推测时,其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
Theremustbesomethingwrong,________?
4.need的用法
need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1).用作情态动词,用于否定句和疑问句中。
a).NeedI….?Yes,youmust/No,youneedn’t.
Needwefinishtheworktoday?Yesyou__?A.needB.canC.mayD.must
b).need+dosth.变否定句:needn’tdosth
变疑问句:Needsbdosth?
2).用作实义动词
a).need+todosth.Weneed_______(buy)someschoolthings.
变否定句:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+needtodosth.
变疑问句:Do/Does/Didsb+needtosth?
Yes,…do/does/didNo,sbdon’t/doesn’t/didn’t.
Youdon’tneedtodoityourself.
b).当主语是物时。Sth+need+doingsth=Sth+needtobedone.
Thetableneedspainting.=Thetableneeds_______________.
5.hadbetter的用法
1).hadbetter+动词原形=It’sbesttodosth.
Youhadbetter______(stay)athome.=_________________stayathome.
2).Hadbetternot+动词原形
Wehadbetter________(notplay)thecomputergames.
6.must与haveto
1).一般情况下,两者可互换。must=haveto
2).must“必须,应该”表示说话人的主观看法,即说话人认为必须干某事。(内在原因)
haveto“必须,不得不”强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
Ican’tstopplayingthecomputergames.Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.hadto
7.usedto与wouldusedto和would都用来表达现已不存在的过去的习惯或状态。但would不能用在所述故事的开始
二.情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1.情态动词后跟完成式,表“原本应该干某事,而实际上没干”
Ishouldhavefinishedtheworkearlier.
Heisn’there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.
2.情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。
It’stwelveo’clock.Theymustbehavinglunch.
Theymaybediscussingthisproblem.
Hecan’tbetellingthetruth.
Sheshouldn’tbeworkinglikethat.She’sstillsoweak.
三.情态动词的同义转换.
1.can=beableto区别:can只有一般式和过去式,而beabletodo有多种时态的变化。在过去时中二者有区别:werewasableto强调过去成功做到,而could只表示过去的能力或可能性。
2.must=haveto注意二者主客观的区别
3.needn’t=don’thaveto
情态动词练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
()1.MrWang______beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
()2.–MustIsatyathome,Mum?--No,you______.
A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.don’tD.maynot
()3.–Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?
--Sorry,Ican’t.I_____takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.
A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto
()4.–MayIgotothecinema,Mum?--Certainly.Butyou______bebackby11o’clock.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.need
()5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
()6.–WhereisJack,please?--He_____beinthereadingroom.
A.canB.needC.wouldD.must
()7.–Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?--No,it______behim.MrLiismuchtaller.
A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
()8.Thesebooks______outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.
A.can’ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn’tbetaken
(9.–Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?--Sure,butyou______helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.
A.canB.mayC.mustD.could
()10.Putonmoreclothes.You______befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must
()11.–MayIstophere?--No,you______.A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t
()12.–CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou_______.
A.mightB.willC.canD.should
()13.Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
()14.Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
()15.______Iknowyourname?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must
()16.You______bemorecarefulnexttime.A.havetoB.mayC.mustD.might
()17.Carsandbuses______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.
A.canB.needC.mayD.must
()18.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.You______cutyourfinger.
A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may
()19.–Howlong______thebookbekept?
--Fortwoweeks,butyou______returnitontime.
A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need
()20.–CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?--Yes,you______.
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
三)系动词
连词动词的种类
联系动词含有一定意义,它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类,而且有自己的特定用法。
1、按意义联系动词有:be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove等,如:Jimappearsveryold.
2、表示感觉的联系动词有look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。如:Itsmellsbad.
3、表示转变的联系动词有become,fall,get,go,grow,turn等。如:
Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.
★表示状态的连系动词后接形容词,一般不用于进行时(feel除外)和被动语态,表示变化的连系动词表示“渐渐”时可用与进行时.
★常见的连系动词有:
一“是”(be---is/am/are),一“感”(feel---felt),二“保持”(keep---kept,stay),
四个“起来”(look,sound,smell---smelt,taste),“好像”(seem)一下“变”(get,turn,become)了三.
①Pizzaisready,andit______nice.
A.smellsB.feelsC.goes
②Thiskindofapple______delicious.Iwantonemore.
A.smellsB.feelsC.tastes
③Oh,themilk______strange,doyouthinkit’sOKtodrink?
A.istastedB.istastingCtastes
④Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.
A.nice,wellB.nice,goodC.good,good
⑤Thedress______verysoft.Ilikeit.
A.isfeelingB.feelsC.isfelt
⑥Theflowersmells_____,andIlikeitverymuch.
A.wellB.goodC.badlyD.bad
★有些系动词又是实义动词,要注意辨别.
Putthemeatinthefridge,oritwillgobad.(go是连系动词)
Look(看,是实义动词)carefully,helooks(看起来,是连系动词)veryhappytoday.
四)行为动词(实义动词)
行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1、及物动词
及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。如:
Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.
2、不及物动词
不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。如:
Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.
3、由“动词+副词”构成的及物性短语,若宾语是名词,该名词即可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后。但宾语是代词,则该动词应放在动词和副词之间。
Yourcaatisonthebed.Pleaseputiton.
4、由“动词+介词”构成的短语是及物性的,宾语都要放在介词后。
Mybabyistooyoung.I’llhavetogetsomeonetolookafterher.
二、动词的时态
动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。
1.一般现在时
I)一般现在时的句子结构
1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时,其句型:主+BE动词(am,is,are)+表语,否定式是在BE动词后加not,疑问句是将BE动词提前到句首(即在主语之前)
e.g.ThetwinsistersarefromAmerica.这对孪生姐妹是美国人。
ThetwinsistersarenotfromAmerica.
ArethetwinsfromAmerica?
2、当谓语由实义动词充当,
A]主语不是第三人称单数时,
句子结构为:主语+动词原形+其它WespeakChinese.
否定式为:主语+dont+动词原形+其它TheydontspeakChinese.
疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+其它?DoyouspeakChinese?
B]当主语是第三人称单数时:
句子结构为主语+动词(词尾加s或es)+其它。
否定式为:主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它。
疑问句式:Does+主语+动词原形+其它?
C]三单变化:
1多数在动词后加s如:play—playslike—likes等。
2以s,x,sh,ch,o结尾的动词加es如:go—goeswash--washes
3以辅音字母加y结尾,把y改i再加esfly—flies
II)一般现在时的用法
1.表示现在的状态
TomlivesinBeijing.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与always,often,sometimes,everyday,onweekends,onceamonth,threetimesaday,inthemorning/afternoon,/evening,atnoon,atnight,onSunday(s),atseven等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。
Igotoschoolatseveneveryday.HeplayssocceronSundays.
3表示主语具备的性格和能力等
Shelikesapples. TheyspeakJapanese.
4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。
Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。
例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!
1.---MayIhelpyou,sir?
---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.
A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork
2.______thebusuntilit______..
A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop
3.The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.
A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake
2.一般过去时
1).概念:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2).时间状语:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,thismorning
3).基本结构:
①be动词;was/were…
②行为动词:动词的过去式
4).否定形式:
①was/were+not;②didn’t+动词原形
5).一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②Did+…+动词原形……?
6)用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下:
一般情况+ed
以e字母结尾的辅音+d
以辅音字母+y结尾去y变i+ed
重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed
3.现在进行时
1)现在进行时的构成:主语+am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式
v-ing现在分词的构成:
一般情况+ing
以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing+ing
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去e+ing
以重读闭音节结尾的单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing
2)现在进行时的用法:
1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行)。例如:
Sheishavingabathnow.
2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。例如:
Youareworkinghardtoday.
KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.
Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.
频度副词always,forever等词连用时,表示某种强烈的感情。如:
Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣赏,表扬)
表示按计划即将发生的动作(仅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等动词)。如:
Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.
6)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,look,listen,canyousee?Can’tyousee?,Don’ttalk/Bequiet之类的暗示语等。
正确形式填空
1.Look!Thepolice______(carry)thefoodontothebankoftheriver.
2.Listen!Someone_____________(sing)intheroom.
3.It’ssixo’clock.TheGreens______________(eat)dinner.
4.Don’ttalk.Thebaby_______________(sleep).
5.Isshedoingherhomeworkathome?—No,she_________(watch)TV.
6.WhereisTom?—He’sinthegarden.Hewithhisfriends__________(help)hismotherwatertheflowes.
4.过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示或由when/while引导的时间状语从句。。结构:主语+was/were+doing+---
1).
at+时刻数
时刻
atthis/thattime过去
between+时刻数and+时刻数
时间段
from+时刻数to+时刻数
2).过去进行时(主句)when一般过去时(从句)。
When一般过去时(从句),过去进行时(主句)。
3).一般过去时(主句)while过去进行时(从句)。
While过去进行时(从句),一般过去时(主句)。
4).过去进行时(主句)while过去进行时(从句)。(强调两个动作同时进行)
用动词的适当形式填空
1.Didyouseehimcomein?No,I__________(watch)afootballgame.
2.Mysister__________(read)herbookwhenmymothercamein.
3.ThistimeyesterdayI__________(eat)dinnerwithmyfriends.
4.Atnineo’clocklastSunday,they___________(have)aparty.
5.They______________(swim)inthepoolfrom7:30to9:00lastSunday.
6.TheGreens______________(have)lunchatthistimeyesterday.
7.Thepolice_____________(come)whenIwalkedaroundthestation.
8.Tomwithhisfriends____________(play)soccerat7:30a.mlastSunday.
9.I________(sleep)whenI________(hear)aknockatthedoor.
10.WhenIsawhim,he________(wait)forthebus.
11.What__________you_______(do)atthistimeyesterday?
12.I__________(notgo)tothecinemalastnight.
13.Whenyou__________(call)meamomentago,I________(write).
14.I_________(do)myhomeworkwhilemyparents__________(watch)TVlastnight.
I___________(draw)apicturewhenthepolice_____(come)in.
5.一般将来时
构成1)is/am/are+goingtodosth表示计划,安排要做的事情
2)willdosth(will是助动词,没有人称的变化,适用于各种人称)shalldosth(shall是助动词,只用于第一人称)
标志:1)tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow2)thisafternoon3)next+时间名词nextyear/Sunday4)when/until等引导的时间状语从句5)in+一段时间(Howsoon)6)if引导条件状语从句7)inthefuture
◎He__________(tell)youwhenhe_______(come)backtomorrow.
◎Tom__________(play)withyouifhe_______(be)freenextSunday.
◎We___________(go)thereifit_______(rain)tomorrow.
注意:
※Lookatthecloulds.Itisgoingtorain.(有迹象表明)
※Theradiosaysitwillraintomorrow.(有科学依据事实)
2.in+一段时间在---后(Howsoon)(一般将来时)
after+一段时间=一段时间+later在---后(When)(一般过去时)
after+时刻数(一般将来时)
He__________(get)hereinanhour.He__________(get)hereafteranhour.
He__________(get)hereafterfiveo’clock.
6.过去将来时:
1).概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2).时间状语:
thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),bythen,
3).基本结构:
①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.
4).否定形式:
①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.
5).一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首。
7.现在完成时
I1).概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.).基本结构:have/has+done
3).否定形式:have/has+not+done.
4).一般疑问句:把have或has放于句首。
5).反义疑问句:直接用has/have进行反问
II现在完成时常用的时间状语有:
1.already(”已经”用于肯定句的助动词has/have和过去分词之间)yet(“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处)
Ihavealreadyreadthebook.
______you_____thebook____?(变一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答)
Yes,___________./No,I_____.
I_________thebook_____.(否定句)
2.never(“从不”用于助动词has/have和过去分词之间)ever(”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的助动词has/have和过去分词之间)
____heever_____(read)thebook?No,hehasneverreadit.
3.just(“刚刚”用于助动词has/have和过去分词之间)
He_____just_____(finish)thework.
He_______(finish)theworkjustnow.
4.before以前(句尾)
He____________(see)thefilmbefore.
He_________(see)thefilmtwodaysago.
5.现在完成时+since+时间点或从句(一般过去时);此划线部分用howlong提问。since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。
for+段时间;howlong(疑问句中用来提问since/for短语)
Mr.Smith________(work)heresince1984.1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He________(learn)about5,000Englishwordssincehe____(go)tocollege.
他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。
for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。如:
We_________(know)eachotherfortwentyyears.我们认识有二十年了。
I_____________(not,see)herforalongtime.我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth4)______19995)______shelefthere6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
6.sofar到目前为止
Howmanywords______you______(learn)sofar?
7.inthepast/last+段时间在过去的几年中
8.once(一次),twice, three(four…)times
Tom_________(travel)totheGreatWalltwice.
9.Itisthe+最高级+n.+(that)sb.haveeverdone.
What’sthebestgifthe___________(receive)?
III.havebeenin,havebeento与havegoneto的用法
1]have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等。例如:
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配:havebeenhere(there)
2]have(has)beento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用,
例如:Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我刚才去邮局了。
MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.玛丽从未去过长城。
HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次。
3]have(has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.
练习
()1.Haveyouever______toanamusementpark/
A.gonetoaB.gonetoanC.beentoaD.beentoan
()2.Where’sAmy?-Shehas_______totheUK.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.goes
()3.______haveyoubeenthere?-Forthreeyears.
A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon
()4.HasPaulbeentotheUSA?-Yes,______.
A.hehasB.hedoesC.shehasD.shedoes
()5.I______toCanadatwice.It’ssobeautiful.
A.won’tgoB.havegoneC.don’tgoD.havebeen
()6.Where_____you_____,John?I’mlookingforyoueverywhere.
A.have;beenB.have;beentoC.have;gone
()7.Howlong_____yourfather_____Shanghai?
A.did;comeB.has;beeninC.has;beento
()8.Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?No,itsthefirsttimeI___here.
A.even,havecomeB.ever,comeC.ever,havecome
()9.--MayIspeaktoTom?-Sorry.He____Japan.Buthe____intwodays.
A.hasbeento,willcomebackB.hasgoneto,willback
C.hasbeenin,willcomebackD.won’tcomeback
()10.Myfatherisntherenow.He___Shanghai.He___theretwice.
A.hasgone;hasbeenB.hasgoneto;hasbeento
C.hasbeento;hasgoneD.hasgoneto;hasbeen
()11.-Hi!Bruce.Ihavetseenyouforthreeweeks.
-Hi!George.I___America.
A.havegonetoB.wentto-C.havebeentoD.havebeenin
()12.Myuncle___Londonforfiveyears.Buthewillbebacknextyear.
A.wentB.hasbeeninC.hasgoneD.hasgoneto
()13.Peterisyoung,buthe___manyforeigncountries.
A.hasbeeninB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.hasbeento
IV.since和for的用法(用于现在完成时)
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for,since,howlong,sofar,thesedays等。
1).since:
a).since+时间点①年代②时刻数③一段时间+ago
b).现在完成时:主句(主语+have/has+延续性动词的过去分词)+since+从句一般过去时
c)It’s+时间段+since+短暂性动词的过去式
d).时间段+haspassed+since+短暂性动词的过去式
2).for+一段时间
练习:用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth
4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere
12).HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.
13).I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
14).OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.
15).Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.
16).It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
3).for:for+一段时间=since+一段时间+ago
4).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
1)come/goto------beat/in2)leave----beawayfrom3)buy----have
4)borrow/lend-----keep4)open---beopen5)close---beclosed
6)die---bedead7)start/begin----beon8)join—--bein/beamemberof/beasoldier
9)become–be10)fallasleep---beasleep11)catchacold–haveacold
12)have/hasgoneto→havebeenin13)puton→wear14)finish/end→beover
15)marry→bemarried
练习:
()1.Threeyears________sinceI________youlasttime.
A.havepassed;metB.haspassed;metC.passed;havemet
()2.Hehasbeenhere_______helefthishometown.
A.sinceB.inC.for
()3.—He________theEnglish-Chinesedictionaryforabouttwentyyears,butitisstillnew.
—Whatacarefulman!
A.hasboughtB.hasborrowedC.hashad
()4.---WhendidChina_____theWTO?---China_____theWTOforseveralyears.
A.join;hasbeenamemberofB.join;hasjoinedC.takepartin;havebeenin
()5.Howlonghaveyou_____thebook?
A.boughtB.borrowedC.kept
()6.Howtimeflies!Severalyears_______sincewestartedourmiddleschoollife.Wewillkeepthepleasantexperiencesinourminds.
A.havepassedB.haspassedC.willpass
()7.MrFan_____thisbikein2005.He______itfor10years.
A.bought,hasboughtB.hasbought,hashadC.bought,hashad
()8.He___inourschoolfor20yearsandhe___herein1977.
A.hastaught;cameB.hastaught;hascomeC.taught;cameD.hasteached;hascame
()9.Theyarelate.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hasstartedC.hasbeenonD.began
()10.Wehavebeenfriendssince_____.
A.fiveyearsB.fiveyearsagoC.fiveyearsbefore
()11..Hehaslivedthere___1992.
A.sinceB.forC.after
()12.Mike_____thebikeforamonth.
A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hasborrowed
()13.Hehishomefortenyears
A.hasleftB.leftfromC.hasbeenawayfrom
()14.May______thebookfortwoweeks.
A.borrowedB.lentC.keptD.bought
()15.I_____thejobsince2002.
A:haveB:hadC:havehad
()16.Hehasbeenastudent_____twoyears.
AinBonCafterDfor
8、过去完成时态
1).概念:
以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2).时间状语:
①.before+过去时间,by+过去时间,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…)
②.bythetime+从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)
③.用于由when,after,before引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。
过去完成时+when/before+一般过去时
一般过去时+after+过去完成时
④.用于宾语从句中。
3).基本结构:had+done.
4).否定形式:had+not+done.
5).一般疑问句:把had放于句首。
练习
()1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.
A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone
()2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.
A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy
()3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.
A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto
时态综合:选择最佳答案填空(动词时态):
()1.We__________outbythattimethathe_________athiefforalongtime.
A.hadfound,hadbeenB.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeenD.found,was
()2.Itsohappenedthatthey________thenovelbefore.
A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.read
()3.She________fornearlytwohours.
A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalking
()4.Spring_______afterwinter.
A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome
()5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.
—Oh,yes.Yoursister_______there.
A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascrying
()6.Allthestudents__________toplanttreesandthere’snobodyintheclassroom.
A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgo
()7.Stop!Alittleboy_________thestreet.
A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossed
()8.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter.
A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearn
()9.What__________toyouthismorning?
A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened
()10.—Theoldmanlookshealthy.
—Yes.He________somerunningafterhegetsup.
A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo
()11.Shedidn’tpasstheexamsbecauseshe________herlessonswell.
A.wasn’tpreparedB.wasn’tbeenpreparedC.hadn’tpreparedD.waspreparing
()12.Thisstory_______inafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.
A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened
()13.—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.
—Really?Forwhat?
—Theoldman________thenoiseinthecity.
A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashated
()14.Hisfather________foraweek.
A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead
()15.Mymotherisill.I_______stayathomeandlookafterher.
A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.haveto
()16.---DoyouknowtheFrenchman?
---Yes.I______himfortwoyears.
A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknown
()17.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.
A.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspend
()18.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetup
B.havetakenplace,havebeensetup
C.havetakenplace,havesetup
D.weretakenplace,weresetup
()19.---WhendidKate’sgrandmadie?
---Whilethedoctors______onher.
A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated
()20.---Whoareyoulookingfor?
---MrWhite.
---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeeting_______overinhalfanhour.
A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen
()21.Ifshe’snotathome,you______trytelephoningherattheoffice.
A.willB.couldC.wouldD.need
()22.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.
A.havelookedB.haven’tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven’tbeenlooked
()23.Idon’twanttospeaktoher,butI______.
A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.mustto
()24.Hurryup,oryou_____thetrain.
A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willlose
()25.Thenewlibrary____nextweek.
A..willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt
()26.---Where’sMabel?
---She_____pingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.
A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayed
()27.Quiteafewtallbuildings_______thelasttwoyears.
A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup
()28.Man-made-satellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
()29.I_______allthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?
A.copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopied
()30.Nobodyknew_______alivinginthatcountry.
A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomake
()31.Theoldmanneedsatmostfivehour’ssleepanight,buthe__________foroversevenhourstonight.
A.hasfallenasleepBhassleptChasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep
()32.I’mreallygettingtoofat.Fromnowon,I________moreexerciseandeatlessfood.
AhavedoneBdoCamdoingDwilldo
()33.Youdon’tneed__________her.I_________herforseveraltimes.
Adescribe,hadmetBdescribe,meetCtodescribe,havemetDdescribe,met
()34.HisspeechinEnglishwasdifficult__________.
AinfollowingBforbeingfollowedCtofollowDtobefollowedby
()35.Whenhewasachild,hetriedtofindways_______people________lifemore.
A.tohelp,enjoyB.help,toenjoyC.help,enjoyingD.tobehelped,toenjoy
()36.Whatdidyourclassteacher________youto_______atthemeeting?
A.tell,sayB.ask,speakC.tell,speakD.ask,talk
()37.______thebusuntilit_______.
A.Getoff,stopsB.getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop
()38ThelivingstandardofthepeopleinShanghai_______inthelasttenyears.
A.hasraisedB.hasrisenC.hasbeenraisedD.hasbeenrisen
()39–WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?
-He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.
A.hasdrivenB.droveC.drivesD.isdriving
()40.Hurryup!Theplay_______fortenminutes.
A.hadbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.hasbegun
()41.--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing?
---They_____teainthegarden.
A.aredrinkingB.drankC.havedrunkD.drink
1-5CAAAB6-10CACCC11-15CCBCD16-20BCBBB
21-25ADBCB26-30AACDD31-35BDCCA36-41ACBBCA
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