2010中考英语完型填空解题技巧
完型填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力,包括基础知识的掌握和运用,对整个文章逻辑联系的理解,在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使用能力,这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。有些考生的听力基础知识部分做的还比较好,但是完型填空却只能做对一两道,有的甚至对完型填空产生了恐惧心理,导致全军覆没。其实只要我们有信心,有良好的心理素质,再加上一定的技巧,完型填空并不是不可逾越的鸿沟。
平心静气不急不躁
对完形填空心存恐惧,是导致失误的根本原因,有些考生满脑子的畏难思想,殊不知这种情绪只会使得自己的全部思想游离题外,根本无法进入思维,还谈何理解文章的内容呢?所以,集中思想、树立信心、平心静气、去除杂念才是做好完型填空题的保证。
英语阅读理解:浏览全文把握大意
浏览全文能获得更多的上下文提供的信息,并根据文章的内在逻辑意义、贯穿文章始终的主线以及作者行文的走向,把握文脉,调整并定位自己的解题思路,从而做出最终的判断。如在Compuer一文中,作者贯穿文章始终的主线为Computersareimportantforhumanbeings,但到了最后,作者笔锋一转,提出Areyouafraidifcomputerscanreallythinkoneday?作者的行文走向是一种担心和忧虑,所以读者既要善于听话听音,也要把握准文脉,及时调整、定位自己的思路,就会发现上述问题的正确回答应该是Yes,weareafraid.。
识别短语注意搭配
一类短语是由动词+介词,或动词+副词构成,在现代英语中,这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动,如breaktheice,lookforwardto,keepaneyeon,catchone’seye等;还有一类使用极广的是介词短语,如withregardto,inablinkof,oneveryone‘slips,attheageof等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,在做完型填空时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高完型填空的命中率。
运用语法理顺关系
语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝,词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置,有了语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断,貌离神不离”,正如藕断而丝连,语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词后的代词必然是宾格;物质名词一般不用复数;形容词必须放在不定代词后;行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词do构成;情态动词只能与不带to的动词连用等。如黄浦区2003年中考模拟试卷中的完型填空题第3小题:Iwasthehappiestboyintheworld,填入的词逻辑根据为happy,语法根据为最高级,因为前一个词是the,后面是intheworld短语,即在一个范围内进行比较,应用形容词的最高级,因而推断出该词为happiest;再如该项的第6小题,挖空处为don’t,因为行为动词的否定式应由助动词构成,而且主语是I,因此得出该词为don‘t。
遇到难词反复默念
有时会遇到这样的情况,大部分词都填出来了,只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领,如果考试时间允许,不要轻易放弃,要穷追不舍,先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,就必须考虑,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then、always、sometimes等,如果还未填出,应反复默念几遍,有些词就会悄然而至,在你的记忆中浮现出来。
细心检查避免疏漏
完成填空后最关键的一点是要细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方。有些考生为自己全部填出了而沾沾自喜,根本没想到不是缺了“’”就是少了“s”,或是忘了加“ed”,这是很可惜的,因为从意思上他是理解了、看懂了题目,但因粗心而大意失荆州。如闸北区2003年中考模拟卷完型填空中的第4小题,应为That‘snoproblem.。这是一句口语习语,通常不用复数,但很多考生都填了problems;再如我校模拟卷完型填空中的第5小题为Thenyoucanlookatitagainwhenyourmoney’sallgone.,虽然很多考生理解了题目的含义为money,但几乎没有人理解为moneyisgone的缩写,所以细心检查,反复回读,能够减少疏漏,提高完型填空的正确率。
补全对话的特点及解题技巧
补全对话是考查交际会话能力的主要题型.它可考查课标和教材中出现的所有交际功能项目,如打电话,谈论天气,度假,看病,购物等。强调了语境的作用,加大了对语言运用能力的检测力度。内容上更加接近学生日常生活,在一段对话中留出若干空白,要求学生从所给的选项中选出恰当的句子或填写合适的单词,使补全后的对话完整、通顺、意义正确。它要求学生根据上下文的逻辑关系,在整体把握对话的基础上,去分析、判断与综合,初步考查学生口语运用的能力。有利于考察学生理解和应用英语知识的能力。复习和解题中要注意以下几点:
1.通读对话全文,摸清对话发生的地点、时间,人物的身份,对话的内容。
2.理清上下句的逻辑关系,使你填入的话和整篇对话文理通顺,融为一体。答题时,依据语言环境补全对话,逐句推敲。
3.符合说英语国家人的习惯。答题时,语言要得体,表达要地道。要注意口语交际中的一些习惯用语,特别是汉语和英语表达方式的不同,要认真通读对话。
4.应将一些常见情景下经常运用的句型,词组背熟。比如:看病,问路,邀请等常规用语。
5.注意空白处的标点。是问号,就应填问句;是句号,就应填陈述句。
知识清单
一.社会交际:
1.问候
(1)A:Hello/Hi.B:Hello/Hi.
(2)A:Hello.Howareyou?
B:Fine,thankyou.And(howare)you?
A:Verywell,thankyou.
(3)A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
B:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.
(4)A:Hi,Jim!
B:Hi,LiLei.Nicetomeetyouagain!
(5)A:Hi,Sam!Howareyoutoday?
B:Oh,hello,LinTao.Fine,thanks.Whataboutyou?
(5)Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.
Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourparents.
2.介绍
(1)自我介绍:
①A:MynameisLinYan.Gladtomeetyou.
B:Nicetomeetyou.MynameisLiLei.
②A:Excuseme.What’syourname,please?
B:MynameisRobertThomasBrown.
A:MayIcallyourRobert?
B:Certainly./Ofcourse.
(2)介绍他人:
①A:ThisisMrHuang.
B:Howdoyoudo?
C:MynameisLinPing.Howdoyoudo?/Nicetomeetyou.
②A:ThisisMr.Huang.
B:Nicetomeetyou.
C:Gladtomeetyou.
注意:在交际场合,介绍常常伴随着问候,可参见问候用语。
3.告别
(1)告别前,客方表示要离开的常用语:
①IamafraidImustbegoingnow.
②IamafraidImustgonow.
③Ithinkit’stimeformetoleavenow.
④Ithinkit’stimeforustogonow.
(2)双方相互道别时的常用短语:
Goodbye!Bye-bye!Bye!Seeyoulater!Seeyou!
4.感谢和应答
(1)感谢某人:
①Thankyou./Thanksalot./Thankyouverymuch.
②Thankyouforyouhelp.
③It’sverykind/niceofyoou.
④Thankyouallthesame.
(2)回答感谢时的答语:
①It’sapleasure./Withmypleasure.
②That’sOK./That’sallright.
③You’rewelcome.
④Notatall.
5.道歉
(1)当要麻烦别人时:
Excuseme,please!Ibegyourpardon.
(2)当做错某事时:
Sorry.I’msorryfor…I’msorrrythat…
(3)回答道歉时的答语:
①Nevermind.
②That’sOK./That’sallright.
③It’snothing.
④Itdoesn’tmatter.
6.邀请和应答
(1)表示邀请的用语:
①Willyoucometomyparty?
②Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?
③MayIinviteyoutodinner?
④How/Whataboutgoingforawalk?
(2)接受邀请时的答语:
①Yes,I’dlove/iketo.
②Yes.It’sverykindofyou.
③Thatwouldbenice.
(3)拒绝邀请时的答语:
No,thankyou.I’dlove/liketo,but…
7.请求和应答
(1)表请求的用语:
MayI…?Can/CouldI…?
WouldmindifIsmokehere?
(2)表肯定的答语:
Sure/Certainly.Yes,doplease.
That’sallright.Ofcourse,youcan.
(3)表否定时的答语:
I’mafraidnot.I’msorry,butyoumustn’t/can’t.
You’dbetternot.
8.祝愿、祝贺和应答
(1)祝贺用语:
Haveagoodday/time!Haveagoodjourney/trip.
Goodluck.Enjoyyourself!Bestwishestoyou!
HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!Welldone!
Happybirthday!Congratulations!
(2)应答:
Thankyou.You,too.Thesametoyou.
9.提供帮助和应答
(1)提供帮助:
CanIhelpyou?Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
WhatcanIdoforyou?Letmehelpyou.
(2)肯定回答:
Yes,please.Yes,thanks.Thankyouforyourhelp.
Thankyou.Thatwouldbenice.
(3)否定答语:
No,thanks/thankyou.
That’sveryniceofyou,butIcan’tmanageitmyself.
10.约会
(1)约会前询问对方有无空闲时间:
Areyoufreethismorning/afternoon/evening?
(2)常用答语:
Yes,I’llbefreethen.
No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButIwillbefreetomorrow.
(3)提出约会时间、地点以征求对方意见的用语:
Howabouttomorrowmorning?
Shallwemeetat3:00attheschoolgate?
(4)常用答语:
Yes,that’sallright.Allright,seeyouthen.
11.打电话
(1)打电话人常用语:
Hello!MayIspeakto…?
Isthat…speaking?(注意:不能用Areyou…?或Whoareyou)
CanIleaveamessage?
I’llcallbacklater/again.
I’llring/callhim/herupagain.
(2)接电话人常用语:
Hello!ThisisTomspeaking.(注意:不能用I’mTom)
Hello!Whoisthat?Holdon,please!
Tomisn’thererightnow.Sorry,butTomisout.
CanItakeamessageforyou?
Sorry,I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.
12.就餐
(1)主人常用语:
Whatwouldyouliketohave?
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrinnk?
Helpyourselftosomechicken?
Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?
(2)客人常用语:
Yes,I’dlikeadrink.I’dlikericeandchhicken.
Justalittle,please.CanIhavesomemoresoup?
It’ssodelicious.Thankyou.
No,thankyou.I’vehadenough.
I’mfull,thankyou.
13.看病
(1)医生诊断常用语:
What’sthematter?What’swrongwithyou?
Doyouhaveafever?Howlonghaveyoufeltlikethis?
It’snothingserious.You’llbeallright/wellsoon.
Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.
(2)病人叙述病情常用语:
Ifeelterrible/bad.Idon’tfeelwell.
I’vegotacold/cough/headache.
I’vegotapainhere.
Thereissomethingwrongwithmyeyes.
Ithurtshere.Ican’tsleepwell.
14.购物
(1)售货员常用语:
Can/MayIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?
Whatcolor/size/kinddoyoulike?
Whataboutthisone?Here’syourchange.
(2)顾客常用语:
Iwant/wouldlikeapairofshoes.
Howmuchisit/arethey?MayItryiton?
It’stoosmall/big.Sorry,it’stooexpensive.
Doyouhaveanyothercolors/sizes/kinds?
That’sfine.I’lltakeit.
Justhavealook.Well,I’llthinkaboutit.
15.问路和应答
(1)问路用语:
Excuseme,whereisthenearestpostoffice?
Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytotheshop?
Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearestshop?
Excuseme,whichbusgoestoPeople’sPark?
(2)应答:
It’soverthere.It’sabout500metersfromhere.
Godownthestreetuntilyouseethetallbuilding.
Turnright/leftatthefirstcrossing/corner.
YoucantakebusNo.103.
You’dbettertakeataxi.
Sorry,Idon’tknow.I’mastrangerhere.
16.谈论天气
(1)询问天气情况:
What’stheweatherliketoday?
HowistheweatherinBeijing?
(2)陈述天气情况:
Whatacold/hotdaytoday!
It’sanice/fine/beautifuldaytoday.
It’ssunny/couldy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.
It’sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.
17.语言交际困难
Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.
Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.
Couldyouspeakagain/moreslowly?
Idon’tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish?
Howdoyouspellit,please?
I’msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.
18.提醒注意
Don’tforgetyourraincoat.Nosmoking.
Remembertolockthedoor.Lookout.
It’sdangerous.Becareful.Don’ttouch.
19.劝告
You’dbettergotoseethedoctor.
YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.
YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.
20.建议
Let’sgoandhavealook.
What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?
Whydon’tyou/Whynotgotoamovie?
二.态度
1.同意和不同意
(1)表示赞同的常用语:
Certainly.Sure.Ofcourse.Yes,please.
Yes,Ithinkso.Allright.OK.
That’sagoodidea.Iagreewithyou.
(2)表示不同意的常用语:
No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.
Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.
(3)表示不完全赞同的常用语:
Yes,maybe.Youmayberight.
2.希望和愿望
Iwishtoseeyouagain.Ihopetobecomeadoctor.
Ihopeitstaysfine.Ihopeso.Ihopenot.
3.表扬和鼓励
(1)表扬和鼓励:
Verygood!Welldone!Wonderful!Excellent!
YouspeakEnglishverywell.Youdressisbeautiful.
Comeon!Youcandoit!
(2)应答:
Thankyou.OK,I’lltryitagain.
三.情感
1.高兴
Howwonderful/nice!I’mhappy.
I’mpleasedtoknowthat.
2.惊奇
Really?Oh,dear!Isthatso?Whatasurprise!
Hownicetoseeyou!I’msurprised.
3.忧虑
What’swrong?What’sthematter?Anythingwrong?
Whatshouldwedo?Areyouworriedaboutthem?
4.安慰
Don’tbeafraid.Don’tworry.It’llbeallright/OK.
5.满意
Good!Welldone!Perfect!That’sfine.
That’sbetter.That’sgoodenough.
I’mpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.
6.遗憾
I’msosorry.It’sagreatpity.
Whatapity!That’stoobad.
7.同情
I’msosorryaboutyourillness.
I’msorrytohearthat.
8.恐惧
Help!Howterrible!I’mafraidofthatdog.
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