高三英语教案：《Astronomy: the science of the stars》教学设计

2021-07-21 小学三年英语教案高中试讲英语教案

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词汇详解：

1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.

在我们的太阳系里八个行星绕太阳运转。

The birds were circling around over the lake.

鸟儿在湖面上空绕圈子。

The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink.

教师习惯于用红笔圈出学生的拼写错误。

They sat in a circle round the fire.

他们围着火坐成一圈。

In political circles there is talk of war.

在政治圈里，有人谈论到（会发生）战争

2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.

地球上生命的起源是个使天文学家感兴趣的问题。

the origins of civilization 文明的起源

He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。

This new theory will certainly interest you.

这新理论肯定会引起你的兴趣。

I find no interest in such things.

我对这些不感兴趣。

His two great interests in life are music and painting.

他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。

The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective.

个人利益必须服从集体利益。

3. However， according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.

但是，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。

?● widely accepted 被广泛地接受、认可

● begin with 始于

to begin with 起初

Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。

To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.

起初，我一句也没弄明白。

●In which direction are you going, north or south?

你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？

What direction does this exhibition hall face?

展览馆朝什么方向

【联想拓展】

in all directions 四面八方; 各方面

in every direction向各方面, 向四面八方

in the direction of 朝 ... 方向

4. a cloud of dust 一团尘埃

a cloud of …一大群，一大片

My mother drew my uncle's attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .

我的妈妈让我的叔叔注意一团形状大小很不规则的云彩。

5. What it was to become was uncertain, …

它会变成什么没有人知道，……

?●What it was to become 是一个主语从句，在整个句子中做主语；

【?联想拓展?】?

●be to do这一结构在本句中表示“即将”。

be to do的其他用法：

1)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该、必须”。长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。

2)表示将来要做的事，或按计划、约定要做的事，这一用法主要用于正规文件中，可译作“打算、将要”。

3)表示不可避免将要发生的事，或命中注定的事。

I am uncertain what to do. 我确定不了做什么。

6. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

●a violent wind 暴风

a violent death 横死; 暴死

a violent dislike 极端的厌恶

●The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。

This food will last them 5 days.

这些食物足够他们吃五天。

This cloth lasts well.

这种布很耐穿。

7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,...

它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，……?

●explode with anger勃然大怒, 大发脾气

explode with laugher哄堂大笑

The bomb exploded.炸弹爆炸了。

I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.

我把花瓶扔到了地板上，花瓶砰地一声摔个粉碎

The children exploded three firecrackers.

孩子们燃放了三个爆竹

?●in time来得及;总有一天，迟早?

I was just in time for the flight.?

我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。?

I will see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。?

【?联想拓展?】?

in no time立即，立刻

at any time 在任何时候?

at one time曾经，一度

at times 有时，偶尔?

on time按时，准时

of the time现在的，当时的?

I jump into the river in no time.

我立即跳入河中。?

You may use my watch at any time.?

你可以随时用我的手表。?

At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.?

从前街上没有这么多车子。?

At times I go to the playground to play football.?

我有时到操场踢足球。?

The guest reached the hall on time.

客人准时到达大厅。?

I think he is the greatest musician of the time.?

我想他是当代最伟大的音乐家。

【练习】

用time介词短语填空

(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here??—Get home ________ to bathe the children.

(2)These buses are never ________ and the passengers are always complaining.?

(3)I am away, please call me ________ if someone come to see me.

(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province ________.

(5)He rushed out of the kitchen ________ when he heard the shout.

(6) ______ I sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.

8. cool down 冷却,平静下来

A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.

如果双方都先冷静下来，激烈的争执可以处理得好一些。

9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。

●It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。

●There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine.

你我的宗教信仰根本不同.

The fundamental cause of his success is hard work

他成功的重要原因是努力工作。

Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空气新鲜是身体健

康之必需。

A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.

良好行为的一个根本是体谅他人。

10. … the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

水的持续存在使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

●Your presence is a gift to the world.

你的存在是献给世界的一份厚礼。

She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.

她一声不响，几乎没有人留意到她在场。

Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬请光临。

【联想拓展?】

●allow sb. sth.同意给某人某物

allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

allow doing sth.允许做某事，与permit在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词advise，forbid 也有类似用法。

The reading room doesn’t allow smoking.阅览室不准吸烟。

People are not allowed to spit in public.不许当众吐痰。

permit, allow的不同用法:

(1)allow可以和副词连用，permit则不能。如:

Mary wouldn’t allow me in.玛丽不让我进去。

(2)表示客气的请求时，主语是you应当用permit，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用I，则应当用allow的被动形式。如:

May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子吗？

【练习?】

用allow短语的适当形式完成句子

(1)The girl’s parents are very strict and they don’t _____________________________________ beyond midnight.

女孩的父母相当严厉，他们不允许她待在外面超过12点。

(2)We don’t _______________________________________ in the meeting room of the school.

我们不准有人在学校的会议室里吵闹。

(3)I _______________________________________ for his birthday present.?

我答应给小男孩自行车作为生日礼物。

11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

12. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.?

它们繁殖起来并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了早期贝壳类动物和各种鱼类以后生的长发育。

●He filled the bucket with water.

他把水桶装满水。

●There have been many new developments in gene.

基因方面已经有几项新的发展。

Father watched the development of his baby with interest.

爸爸充满兴趣地看着孩子的成长。

【联想拓展】

with the development of society 随着社会的发展

political development政治动态

housing development住宅区

【练习】

词形填空

(1)As the new country ______ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.

(2)America is a ______ (develop) country, the average income is very large.

(3)In Africa, some countries are ___ (develop) countries. They are badly need other countries aid.

(4)With the ______ (develop) of economy, our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.

13. …were able to live on land as well as in the water. ……

既能在陆地上生存也能在水里生存。

●He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

他既种菜也种花.

I'm learning French as well as English.

我学英语之外还学法语。

Rose is as well as her brother.

罗斯和她哥哥身体一样棒。

14. They produced young generally by laying eggs.

它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。

Animals protect their young. 动物保护它们的幼崽。

15. …existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

……在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

●exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此时exist不用进行时。

Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.

少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。

There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.

好人到处都有。

Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.

像地球峰会一样的会议有助于人们明白现存在的严重问题，也明白还有时间来采取行动的。

there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，类似的还有there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。

【练习】

词形填空

It is surprising that a kind of animal _______ (exist) in the dry desert.?

(2)There ______ (exist) a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.?

16. give birth to 引起，产生，造成，生

His wife give birth to a son for him.

他老婆给他生了一个儿子.

It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.

最重要的是要学会释放压力.否则,就会产生严重的心理问题.

17. …some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.

一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球各个地方。

spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）传开，流行

Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.

我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条从超市买来的新桌布。

He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.

他张开双臂热情地欢迎我们。

The exciting news spread through the school quickly.

这激动人心的消息很快传遍了学校。

【联想拓展?】

spread out 传开

spread rumors 散布谣言

spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开

spread oneself 舒展身体

spread the table 铺桌子

spread the load 分摊(工作量)

18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.

于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。

There has been no rain — thus, the crops are drying.

天没下雨，因此庄稼要枯死了。

She studied hard; thus she got high marks.

她用功读书, 因此获得高分。

19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。

●The atmosphere here is very clear.这里的空气很纯净。

There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.

在乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛，和大城市的气氛截然不同。

●prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事

His words can’t prevent us from buying books.

他的话不会阻止我们买书。

The heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didn’t lose heart.

大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心丧气。

另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略）和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。

Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.

林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。

You won’t keep the things from happening.

你不能阻止事情发生。

【联想拓展】

完成句子

(1)Nothing would ________________________ against injustice. ( prevent)?

什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。

Please have an apple _________________ until dinner time.(keep)?

吃个苹果就能挨到吃晚饭了。

单选

（3）The heavy rain _____ us visiting the attractive lake, but we didn’t _____.

A. prevented; lose the heart B. prevented; lose heart

C. kept; lose the heart D. kept; lose the heart

20. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.

因此，很多科学家们相信地球可能会变得太热而不能在上面生存。

As a result of the rain, I was late.

雨太大，所以我来晚了。

21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?

所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。?

depend on/upon意思为“依靠，依赖”，常用结构是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。

The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

这个国家主要依靠旅游业。

The poor man depends his son to earn money.

这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。

要特别注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思为“请放心，没问题”;It all depends和That depends意思为“看情况而定”，二者都用于口语中。例如：

Depend on it, he’ll turn up.

请放心，他一定会来的。

It depends how you tackle the problem.

那取决于你如何解决这个问题。

【练习】

用depend短语的适当形式完成句子

(1)—Is your father coming tomorrow?

— _______ _______ (那要看情况).He may not have the time.

(2)—We don’t know if we can offer help.

—_______ _______ _______ (一切看情况而定).

(3)—What is your attitude?

—_______ _______ _______ (请放心).We won’t give up.

22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.

在太阳系了原来有九颗行星。

注意there be的变形：there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。

23. At the beginning, the earth had no water. 起初，地球上没有水。

【联想拓展】

A good beginning makes a good ending. [谚]欲善其终必先善其始。

at the beginning从一开始; 开始; 起初; 首先

at the beginning of在...初

from beginning to end从头到尾, 自始自终

Everything must have a beginning.[谚]凡事都有个开头。

24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on the earth.

这个理论的根据是组成月球上岩石的分子似乎与地球的不同。

Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.

农民只占人口的一小部分.

Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?

每个人都可以和别人不一样。为什么非要人人都一样？

25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.

虽然它的起源仍然是个谜，但是月球就是地球的一个卫星。

It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.

我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。

This letter puzzles me.

这封信使我迷惑不解。

I'm puzzled about what to do next.

下一步该怎么办,我心里还没数哩。

26. find ways to solve the problem of global warming.

找到解决全球变暖这个难题的方法

27. die out灭绝, 逐渐消失, 渐渐止息

Some animals will die out if we don't protect them.

好多动物会灭绝假如我们再不去保护他们。

28. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.

由于这件事，在天空中形成一大团尘埃遮住了阳光。

That wall blocks out all the light.

那堵墙把光线都遮住了。

29. However, whether the climate will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.

但是，气候是否会再变是世上每个人关切的事。

She showed great concern about you. 她很为你担心。

【?联想拓展?】?

have a concern in和...有利害关系

have no concern for毫不关心

30. …a comet crashed into the earth long ago…

……很久以前，一颗彗星撞击了地球，……

She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby

.她注意到一辆小汽车撞到了附件的一棵大树上。

31. …I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space

………有幸得到一个机会去太空旅行……

They know well enough what we mean. 他们当然懂得我们的意思。

32. …explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.

…向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。

Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.

请向我说明从哪里开始以及怎样做。

He explained how the machine was used.

他解释了怎样使用那台机器。

33. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.

随着火箭徐徐升空，因为我们要尽力逃离地球的吸引力，所以我们被向后推在座位上。

【?联想拓展?】?

escape danger脱险

escape one's memory被某人遗忘

His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)

我记不得他的名字了。

He narrowly escaped death.

他九死一生。

The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.

旅客们尽力从燃烧的大楼中逃出来。

34. On the earth if I fall from the tree I will fall to the ground.

在地球上如果我们从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。

35. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.

当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。

36. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

我离开高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，望着地球越来越小，月亮越来越大。

37. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍。

【联想拓展】

英语倍数表达法：

1.用times表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数，一般用twice）

其句型有：

1）...times+形容词（副词）比较级+than...。如：

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）

2）...times +as+形容词（或much）或副词原级+as...。如：

The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.

大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

3）...times +the+名词（size, height, weight, length, width）+of。如：

This big tree is four times the height of that small one.

这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）

4）...times+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than...。如：

There are four times more books in our library than in yours.

我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）

5）...times +as many（或much）+名词+其他。如：

There are three times as many apples in this basket as in that one.

这个篮里的苹果是那个篮里的三倍。

There are five times as many students as we expected.

这里的学生是我们预计的五倍。

6）...times +over+被比对象，表示“增加……倍”。如：

The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978.

那个村的粮食产量比1978年的增加了两倍。

7）...times +that of+被比较的对象表示“是……倍”。如：

In this workshop, the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的3.5倍。

2.用double表示倍数。

1）double作形容词，表示“两倍的”。如：

The production is now double what it was ten years ago.

现在的产量是十年前的两倍。

2）double作动词，意为“是……的两倍”。如：

The output has been doubled in the past five years.

过去五年中产量翻了一番。

38. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

既然重力改变了走路确实需要练一练了。

39. After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自入了。

40. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.

我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。

break out可指大火、战争等突然爆发。

World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939.

第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。

break out还可指突然发出某种声音。

She broke out in curses in her dream.她在梦中大声咒骂起来。

41. There is very little gravity so that things float around.引力很小以致于东西飘来飘去。

42. watch out for… 戒备，提放，密切注意

43. Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.

天文学是数学和物理构成的科学科目。

44. You can use the scientific method when studying English too.

学习英语的时候你也可以运用科学方法。

◆genuine指物品的来历或性质同所说的是一致的。如:

延伸阅读

高三英语教案：《the science of the stars》教学设计

●重点单词

1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家

2．system n．系统；体系；制度

3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的

4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的

5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地

6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛

7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢

8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予

9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的

10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存

11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的

12．gravity n．万有引力；重力

13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星

14．climate n．气候

15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船

16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物

18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众

●重点短语

1．in time　及时；终于

2．lay eggs 下蛋

3．give birth to 产生；分娩

4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着

5．prevent...from 阻止；制止

6．block out 挡住(光线)

7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋

8．now that 既然

9．break out 突发；爆发

10．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防

11．cool down 冷却

12．as well as 也；还有……

13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于

14．get close to 靠近

●重点句型

1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。

2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。

●高考范文

(2009·陕西卷)

假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grown－up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回贴。

Grown－up Post at 18－5－2009 20：08

? Hi, everyone，

I'm 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn. But my mother continues to treat me as a seven－year－old. What should I do?

TOP

Last Topic　Next Topic ＋REPLY　＋NEW

写作要点：

1．告诉Grown－up要理解母亲；

2．给Grown－up提出解决问题的具体建议。

要求：

1.短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。

2.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。

3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。

4.书写须清晰、工整。

Hi, Grown－up，

As a student of your age, I understand your situation.

____________________________________________________

[范文]

Hi，Grown－up，

As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.

First, it's advisable to talk more with your mom. I learnt talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.

Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grown－up”， It's even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.

考点探究

互动探究·能力备考

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

1．harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的

harm n．&vt. 损伤；伤害

harmless adj. 无害的

harmlessness n. 无害

be harmful to 对……有害

do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害

do more harm than good 弊大于利

There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.

(某人)做某事有(无)害处。

It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)

做某事有(无)害处。

mean no harm 没有恶意

[即学即练1](1)Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

(2)What he did _________ his reputation.

他所做的损害了他的名声。

harmful

harmed

(3)He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______.

他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。

(4)The court case will ______ ______ ______ ______ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。

means

harm

serious

harm

2．exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活

existent adj. 存在的，现存的　existence n. 存在，生存

There exists/existed....某地有……，存在……

exist in 存在于……之中

exist on 靠……为生

exist by 靠……生存

come into existence 开始存在；成立

bring into existence 使发生，产生

[即学即练2](1)________ always ________ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。

(2)They ______ ______ very little food.

他们靠极少的食物来生存。

(3)That word doesn‘t ______ in English.

英语中没有这个词。

There

exists

exist

(4)Fish can't ______ ______ ______ ______.

鱼离开水就不能生存。

(5)When did the world ______ ______ ______________？

世界是什么时候开始产生的？

exist

out

water

come

into

existence

3．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂　n. 难题；谜

puzzling adj. 令人困惑的

puzzled adj. 感到困惑的

puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋

be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解

set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜

be puzzled by 被……迷惑

[即学即练3](1)It's quite ______ ______ ______ us why he did that.

他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。

(2)This sentence _________ me. 这个句子令我困惑。

(3)I ______ ________ how to solve the problem.

我不知道怎样解决这个问题。

(4)The question is ________ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。

puzzle

puzzles

was

puzzled

puzzling

4．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来

by turns轮流；交替

take one’s turn轮到某人做……了

take turns依次；轮班，轮流

on the turn正在转变，正在变化

out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地

[即学即练4](1)The girls called out their names ______ ______.

那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。

(2)We make every effort to make more films, and ______ ______ this creates further environmental pollution.

我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。

turn

(3)We kept watch ______ ______.

＝We ______ ______ to keep watch.

我们轮流守望。

turns

took

turns

5．prevent...from 阻止；制止

stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御

keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

[即学即练5](1)What can we do to ___________________ this disease ______ ___________？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？

(2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要让别人等太久。

prevent/stop/keep

from

spreading

keep

waiting

提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：

We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.

大雨使我们无法外出。

(2)protect...from...中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：

They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。

6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋

cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋

cheer on 为……加油

cheer sb. 为某人喝彩

with good cheer 欣然地

Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)

[即学即练6](1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad.

振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。

(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。

(3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______.

观众都替他们看好的马加油。

Cheer

cheered

7．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)

①The Second World War broke out in September 1939.

“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。

②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.

昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。

拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)

break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解

break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)

break into 破门而入，突然……起来

break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束

break through 突破

break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束

break into pieces 成为碎片

[即学即练7]　介、副词填空

(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee.

(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.

(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.

off

down

(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?

(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.

(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.

out

down

8．watch out 注意；当心

watch out(for)＝ look out (for)

密切注意；留神

take care 留神，注意

be careful 仔细，留神

watch it 当心，小心

watch over 照看；看守

keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视

[即学即练8](1)______ ______！ There is a car coming!

当心！有车来了！

(2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road.

过马路时要当心车辆。

(3)______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。

Watch

out

Watch

out

for

careful

Take

care

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。

本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。

①He thinks it his duty to help others.

他认为帮助别人是他的职责。

②He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.

他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。

③We consider it no use going to the seaside.

我们认为去海边没用处。

④We all consider it a pity that you didn‘t come to the party.

我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。

⑤I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.

我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。

⑥You may depend on it that we’re honest.

你可以相信我们是诚实的。

拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。

(1)It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。

(2)It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事……

(3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……

(4)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/had done...

这是某人第……次做……

(5)It is (high) time that...＋主语＋did/should do...

是……该做……的时候了。

(6)It's said/reported/believed/announced that...

据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……

(7)It‘s a pity/a shame/a wonder...that...

可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是……

(8)It happens/appears/seems that... 恰巧/看来/好像……

(9)It looks/seems as if... 看起来好像……

(10)It’s up to sb. to do... 该某人做……了

[即境活用1]　(1)He didn't make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A．this　B．that

C．it D．these

解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where从句。

答案：C

(2)I'd appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A．that B．it

C．this D．you

解析：it做形式宾语，代替 if从句。

答案：B

2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

倍数的表达方式有：

(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。

(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。

①Asia is four times as large as Europe.

＝The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.

＝Asia is four times the size of Europe.

＝Asia is three times larger than Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。

②Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992.

我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。

③The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

[即境活用2]　(1)Though it's a challenging job, he did it ______ it took me.

A．onethird a time B．onethird time

C．the onethird time D．onethird the time

解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数＋the＋n.”结构。

答案：D

(2)What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is ______ it is long.

A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as

C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half

解析：考查倍数比较 half＋as...as。

答案：C

3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习

(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。

①在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。

You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。

Jack said he would come and he did come.

杰克说他要来，他果真来了。

②在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。

Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。

Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。

(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。

Now that you have finished your work, you‘d better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。

辨析：now that/because/since/as/for

now that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。

because 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。

since与 as语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。

for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。

—Why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？

—Because it is good for you. 因为这对你有好处。

Since you have known it, I won‘t repeat it.

既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。

Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.

穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet.

昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

[即境活用3]　(1)In my opinion, what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng ______ good to our country's international positions.

A．did do does B．did does do

C．does did do D．do do did

解析：第一个 did是 what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个 does强调谓语 do good to，故选B。

答案：B

易错点拨

自我完善·误区备考

1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely

(1)unlike prep.不同；不像

(2)dislike vt. 不喜欢

(3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的

(4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的

解析：now that 引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为：既然。

答案：D

[应用1]　用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空：

(1)The twins look very much ______.

(2)________ his brother, he ________ playing football.

(3)We all think he is ______ to win.

alike

Unlike

dislikes

likely

2. pull/drag/draw

(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。

(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。

(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。

[应用2]　(1)She _________a truck out from under the bed.

(2)______ the door open. Don’t push it.

(3)______ your chair up to the table.

(4)The ants are _________ pieces of corn.

dragged

Pull

Draw

pulling

3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time

in time及时；总有一天；终于

on time按时

at one time曾经，一度

at a time一次，同时

at times有时

at no time决不，在任何时候都不

in no time立刻，马上

[应用3]　(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear __________.

(2)_____________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.

(3)They ran all the way to the corner just ________ to catch the bus.

in no time

At one time

in time

(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _________. Wipe your tears.

(5)Deal with your questions separately, one ______.

(6)Be sure to be _________. The meeting is very important.

(7)___________ will we give up.

at times

at a time

on time

At no time

高效作业

自我测评·技能备考

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．He was interested in a__________________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.

2．Not long ago a v___________ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.

3．Computer hackers have broken down security s____________，raising questions about the safety of information.

4．Too much sugar can be h________ to children's teeth.

astronomy

violent

systems

harmful

5．The three－star hotel offers a friendly

a______________________ and personal service.

6．China has sent up another ______ (人造卫星) into space.

7．There is a lot of rubbish ___________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.

8．_____________ (理论) is based on practice.

9．The__________ (气候) is different from place to place.

10. 6 _______________ (乘) by 5 is 30.

atmosphere

satellite

floating

Theory

climate

multiplied

Ⅱ .单项选择

1．—I‘m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can‘t pass this time.

—______！ I’m sure you‘ll make it.

A．Go ahead B．Good luck

C．No problem D．Cheer up

答案：D

解析：考查交际用语。cheer up 用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。

2．(2010·湖北百校联考)With the words, he ______ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.

A．pulled out B．checked out

C．stuck out D．dropped out

答案：A

解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，从……中抽出来”。check out“结帐离去，办妥手续离去”；stick out“坚持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退学”。

3．As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______ her duty to look after all the other people‘s affairs in that town.

A．this B．that

C．one D．it

解析：考查 it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语 to look after...。

答案：D

4．Completely lost in the exciting ______ of the football match, Tom didn‘t feel his pocket picked.

A．scene B．view

C．atmosphere D．sight

答案：C

解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指“气氛；氛围”。

5．Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.

A．exploded B．exposed

C．explored D．expanded

答案：C

解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，显示；explore探索；expand扩大。

6．It’s ______ for the Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.

A．so a successful flight

B．so successful a flight

C．such successful a flight

D．a such successful flight

答案：B

解析：考查such...that和so...that句型。句意为：对于“神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。“so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词单数”或“such＋a＋adj.＋可数名词单数”。

7．He has ______ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.

A．much B．a great deal of

C．masses of D．the number of

答案：C

解析：考查修饰名词表“大量”的词的辨析。masses of相当于plenty of，意为“许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“……的数目”，与题意不符。

8．(2010·陕西西安质检)We were scared to death when the fire ______. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.

A．broke out B．came out

C．gave out D．turned out

答案：A

解析：考查动词短语辨析。break out表示“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生”；come out表示“出发，发芽”；give out表示“分发，用完”；turn out表示“结果是，生产”。语意：突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。A项符合语意。

9．At the ______ news, there was a ______ expression on his face.

A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzle

C．puzzling; puzzled D．puzzled; puzzle

答案：C

解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修饰 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。

10．Do you think ______ life on Mars?

A．it exists B．there exists

C．it is existed D．there is existed

答案：B

解析：考查There exists ...句式，意为“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。

11．All possible means ______. However, nothing can ______ him dying of lung cancer.

A．has tried; stop

B．have tried; keep

C．has been tried; prevent

D．have been tried; stop

答案：D

解析：第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词，有 all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空 stop和 prevent 都对，但 keep...from中 from不能省略。

12．______， I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and you‘ll succeed______.”

A．At a time; in time B．At a time; on time

C．At one time; in time D．At one time; on time

答案：C

解析：第一空填 at one time “曾经有一段时间”，第二空填 in time “迟早”。at a time “一次”；on time “按时”。

13．(2010·北京东城期末)Water, which seems so simple and common, is ______ makes life possible.

A．what B．that

C．which D．how

答案：A

解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“______ makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)。所以选A项。

14．______you‘ve passed the final exam, you can prepare for the coming holiday.

A．Now that B．As soon as

C．Although D．If

答案：A

解析：考查状语从句。now that 可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。

15．Some parts in South China have experienced ______this year as they did last year.

A．twice as much rain B．rain twice as much

C．as twice much rain D．twice rain as much

答案：A

解析：考查倍数比较 twice as much ...as。

Ⅲ .阅读理解

Vincent Van Gogh (30 March 1853～29 July 1890) was a Dutch post－Impressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.

Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(传教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however during the last ten years of his life, he produced more than 2 000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches(素描).

He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neo－Impressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his best－known works were produced during his final two years, when he was suffering from serious mental illness.

In 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo, his brother and his best friend, at his side, who reported his last words as “The sadness will last forever”. Theo, unable to come to terms with his brother's death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.

Vincent Van Gogh's mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent's life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.

The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world.

On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh's painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southeby's, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christie's, thus establishing a new price record.

1．What's the right order of Van Gogh's life experience?

a．worked as a teacher

b．took up drawing

c．worked in an art firm

d．worked as a missionary worker

A．c, a, b, d B．c, a, d, b

C．b, c, a, d D．b, a, c, d

答案及解析：

1．B。细节题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。

2．Which words can best describe Van Gogh's later years?

A．Sad and boring.

B．Normal and peaceful.

C．Happy but fruitless.

D．Painful but productive.

答案解析:D。推断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(serious mental illness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。

3．Why did Van Gogh kill himself?

A．Because he was a failure as an artist.

B．Because he had an unhappy family.

C．Because he lost his beloved brother.

D．Because he was suffering from mental illness.

答案解析:D。细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病，第dg 段开头接着说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。

4．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Van Gogh didn't become famous until he died.

B．Van Gogh drew and sold many paintings in his life.

C．Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime.

D．Van Gogh drew most of his paintings between 1888 and 1890.

4．答案解析:A。推断题。结合最后一段开头The only painting he sold during his lifetime...和第三段结尾It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确。

本文是一篇对比文，特点是平行论述，没有主次之分，作者不发表态度和结论，一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨。

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi?paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision.

Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.

The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause?and?effect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.

But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability.

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

5. The word “portend” (line 2, para.1) is closest in meaning to“______”．

A. defy B. signal

C. suffer from D. result from

答案解析:B。词义题。根据句意不难理解portend是“预示”的意思。signal也有“显示”的意思；defy不服从，反抗；suffer from忍受，遭受；result from由……产生。

6. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides ______.

A. men would choose working women as their marriage partners

B. more women would get married to seek financial security

C. even working women would worry about their marriages

D. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

6.答案解析: D。细节题。题干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。第一段提到经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻，因为双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子。D符合原文意思。

7. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ______.

A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners

B. their husbands are expected to do more housework

C. their marriage ties can be strengthened

D. they tend to put their career before marriage

答案解析： C。细节题。第三段最后一句可知选项C正确。

8. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ______.

A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

B. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

C. they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

D. they tend to suspect their husbands, loyalty to their marriage

8.答案解析： A。细节题。第三段第二句提到不能外出工作的妇女会感到被关在笼子里，相当于“they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom”“她们感到被剥夺了自由。”

9. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's view in the passage?

A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.

B. Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.

C. In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.

D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

9. 答案解析：D。主旨题。用排除法解题。A因果颠倒，排除；B文章从未提及；C以偏盖全；只有D，女性外出工作对婚姻的影响各不一样，这准确表达出文章的两种平行的相反观点。

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案

作为杰出的教学工作者，能够保证教课的顺利开展，高中教师要准备好教案，这是每个高中教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。优秀有创意的高中教案要怎样写呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案”，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

单元要览

类别

课程标准要求掌握的项目

话题

Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity

词汇]

astronomy

n.天文学

exist

vi.存在;生存

system

n.系统;体系;制度

thus

adv.因此;于是

religion

n.宗教;宗教信仰

dioxide

n.二氧化物

theory

n.学说;理论

biology

n.生物学

atom

n.原子

biologist

n.生物学家

billion

pron.（美）十亿

puzzle

n.迷;难题vt.（使）为难

globe

n.球体;地球仪;地球

gravity

n.万有引力;重力

violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

float

vt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物

carbon

n.碳

gentle

adj.温和的;文雅的

atmosphere

n.大气层;气氛

physicist

n.物理学家

unlike

prep.不同;不像

climate

n.气候

fundamental

adj.基本的;基础的

crash

vt.坠落

harmful

adj.有害的

spaceship

n.宇宙飞船

acid

n.酸

pull

n.拖;牵引力

chain

n.链子;连锁;锁链

satellite

n.卫星;人造卫星

multiply

vt.增加

mass

n.质量;团;块;大量

oxygen

n.氧

exhaust

vt.用尽;耗尽

短语

solarsystem太阳系

blockout挡住（光线）

intime及时;终于

cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋

layeggs下蛋

nowthat既然

givebirthto产生;分娩

breakout突发;爆发

inone’sturn轮到某人;接着

watchout密切注视;当心;提防

carbondioxide二氧化碳

prevent...from阻止;制止

重要句型

1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8bill!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--ionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)

2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)

3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)

4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]

5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)

功能

Instructions:

Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...

Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...

You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...

语法

Nounclausesasthesubject

Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain...

...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.

教学重点

1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.

2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.

3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.

4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.

5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.

教学难点

1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.

2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.

3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.

课时安排

Periodsneeded:7

Period1Warmingupandreading

Period2Learningaboutlanguage:Importantlanguagepoints

Period3Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

Period4Usinglanguage:Listeningandspeaking

Period5Usinglanguage:Extensivereading

Period6Usinglanguage:Speakingandwriting

Period7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整体设计教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教学重点1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教学难点1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三维目标知识目标1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目标1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目标1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

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Thepassage

Letstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.设计方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板书设计

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

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Thepassage

活动与探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife.

Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars教案设计

Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars
1.spread
vt.散布;扩大;延伸
Thebirdspreaditswings.那只鸟展开了翅膀。
Fliesspreaddisease.苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构:
spreadsth.withsth.用……抹/涂/铺……
spread...on...把……抹/涂/铺在……
bespreadfor摆好（桌子）准备
spreadoneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下)
spreadout张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长
高手过招
单项填空
PapermakingbeganinChinaandtoEurope.
(2009•12•河南郑州检测)
A.SpreadB.grew
C.CarriedD.developed
解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。
2.method
n.方法
Hehasintroducedanewmethodofteaching.
他引进了一种新的教学方法。
Whatisthemosteffectivemethodofbirthcontrol?
控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？
联想拓展
bythismeans=inthisway=withthismethod
用这种方法
易混辨析
method/means
method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。
anewteachingmethod一种新的教学方法
means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
高手过招
选词填空(method/means)（原创）
①Thequickestoftravelisbyplane.
②Shehasaveryscientificofdealingwithpoliticalproblems.
答案：①means②method
3.harmful
adj.有害的
常用结构:
dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害
meannoharm无意伤害别人;没有恶意
harmone’simage/reputation损害某人的形象/名声
domoreharmthangood弊大于利
Thereisnoharmin(sb.?s)doingsth.
=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事无害处
beharmfulto对……有害
harmn.充满了……
inmass全部,全体;整个地
inthemass总体上;总的说来
the(great)massof大多数,大部分
massesofsth.大量的东西
高手过招
单项填空
Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookpicturesofthem.
(2009•12•安徽合肥检测)
A.manyofB.massesof
C.thenumberofD.alargeamountof
解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。massesof=lotsof，后跟复数名词。
5.pull
v.拉，拖，拔；移动
n.拉，拖；牵(引)力
YoupushandI?llpull.
你来推，我来拉。
Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.
我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
常用结构:
pullahead(ofsb./sth.)领先于（某人/物）
pull(sb.)back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）
pulltogether同心协力；通力合作
高手过招
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas.
②Heagunandaimedatthecriminal.
③Solongaswe,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
答案：①pullingout②pulledout③pulltogether
6.cheer
vt.on③cheering
7.puzzle
vt.in②existon③existence
重点短语
9.intime意为“及时”时相当于earlyenough,soonenough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于soonerorlater。
Wegottothestationjustintimetocatchthebus.
=Wegottothestationjustintimeforthebus.
我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。
Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.
医生及时赶来救了她的命。
You?llsucceedintimeifyoukeeponworkinghard.
假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。
联想拓展
beintimeforsth./beintimetodosth.
对于某事是及时的/及时做某事
aheadoftime提前；提早
allthetime一直；始终
atonetime曾经；一度
atatime一次
attimes有时
atthesametime同时；然而；可是
fromtimetotime不时；偶尔
innotime立刻；马上
takeone?stime不急，慢慢来
timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再
高手过招
单项填空
—IwasdisappointedintimewhenIdidn’tpasstheexaminations.
—Don’tbesodiscouraged.You’llbesuccessfulin
time.(2009•12•河南平顶山检测)
A./;/B.a;aC./;aD.a;/
解析:选D。句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用inatime。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用intime。
10.prevent...from
阻止；制止
Theheavyrainpreventedusfromgoingthere.
这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。
易混辨析
prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent,stop,keep与protect四者的常见结构为：
prevent...(from)doingsth.；stop...(from)doingsth.；keep...fromdoingsth.;均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略;而keep...from...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，
protect...from...表示“保护……不受……侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
Thisplanwillbekeptfrombeingcarriedout.
这个计划将被阻止实施。
高手过招
单项填空
Somepolicemenshouldbesenttothemthetrees.
（原创）
A.prevent;tocutdownB.stop;cuttingdown
C.keep;tocutdownD.keep;cuttingdown
解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事,其中keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。故选B。
11.breakout
突发；爆发（无被动语态）
Troublemaybreakoutatanymoment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。
Whendidthewarbreakout?战争什么时候爆发的？
Itwasatmidnightthatafirebrokeout.
在午夜时分发生了一起大火。
联想拓展
breakawayfrom脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）
breakdown出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉
breakin破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等
breakinto破门而入；突然……起来
breakoff折断；突然中止；断绝；结束
breakthrough突破
breakup敲碎；放假；散会
易混辨析
comeabout/happen/takeplace/breakout/occur
comeabout发生，相当于happen,takeplace。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。
happen强调偶然发生。
takeplace指按计划、安排发生；举行
breakout多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。
occur常用于句式：sth.occurstosb.某事发生在某人身上。
高手过招
用break相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①AterribletsunamiinthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
②WhendoyouforChristmas?
③Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave.
④Hishousewaslastweek.
答案：①brokeout②breakup③brokendown④brokeninto
12.blockout
挡住（光线）
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
联想拓展
burstout大声喊叫;突然……起来
goout外出；过时；熄(灯)
putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产
comeout出现，显露；出版;结果是
helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lookout留神；注意
watchout注意；提防；向外看
findout找出，查明，发现
pickout挑出;辨认出，分辨出
speakout大声地说;大胆地说
thinkout仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等）
hangout挂出;闲逛
knockout(拳)击中，击倒，打昏
sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销
turnout结果证明是
runout(of)用完，耗尽
checkout结账离去，办妥手续离去
giveout分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽
高手过招
用out相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Attheendoftheracehislegsandhecollapsedontheground.
②It’seasytohiminacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
③Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.
④Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;ittobeafineday.
⑤Weof/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
答案：①gaveout②pick;out③comeout④turnedout⑤checkedout
13.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
Whatitwastobecome...是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的宾语。
Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.
使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
Whathedidaddedtoourdifficulty.
他所做的增加了我们的困难。
“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?
他们的计划什么时候交上来？
YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.
你得做完了作业才能看电视。
联想拓展
“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：
表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must,haveto，表示假设。表示“命运注定……”，通常用于过去时。
HowamItoknowwhathasbecomeofhim?
我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？
CertainskillsmustbelearnedifoneistouseEnglishwell.
如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。
Hewasnevertoseehiswifeagain.
他注定再也见不到他妻子了。
Werewetoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?
如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
高手过招
单项填空
Indryweathertheflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.（原创）
A.havesurvivedB.aretosurvive
C.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive
解析:选B。考查真实条件句。aretosurvive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。
14.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twiceas...as...是……的两倍
联想拓展
英语中的倍数表达法：
倍数+as+adj./adv.+as是……的几倍
倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than比……(多/大)几倍
倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,width,depth等。
Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.
=Thisruleristwicelongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.
这把尺子是那把的三倍长。
Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.
到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
高手过招
(1)翻译句子（原创）
这个房子是那个的三倍大。
(2)完成句子
到的客人是我们预计的两倍。
Thereareweexpected.
答案：(1)Thishouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone./Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone./Thishouseisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.
(2)twiceasmanyguestsas

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案2

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

单元要览类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity词汇astronomyn.天文学existvi.存在;生存systemn.系统;体系;制度thusadv.因此;于是religionn.宗教;宗教信仰dioxiden.二氧化物theoryn.学说;理论biologyn.生物学atomn.原子biologistn.生物学家billionpron.（美）十亿puzzlen.迷;难题vt.（使）为难globen.球体;地球仪;地球gravityn.万有引力;重力violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的floatvt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物carbonn.碳gentleadj.温和的;文雅的atmospheren.大气层;气氛physicistn.物理学家unlikeprep.不同;不像climaten.气候fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的crashvt.坠落harmfuladj.有害的spaceshipn.宇宙飞船acidn.酸pulln.拖;牵引力chainn.链子;连锁;锁链satelliten.卫星;人造卫星multiplyvt.增加massn.质量;团;块;大量oxygenn.氧exhaustvt.用尽;耗尽短语solarsystem太阳系blockout挡住（光线）intime及时;终于cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto产生;分娩breakout突发;爆发inone’sturn轮到某人;接着watchout密切注视;当心;提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent...from阻止;制止重要句型1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)功能Instructions:Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...语法NounclausesasthesubjectWhatitwastobecomewasuncertain......itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.教学重点1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.教学难点1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.课时安排Periodsneeded:7Period1WarmingupandreadingPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage:ImportantlanguagepointsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage:GrammarPeriod4Usinglanguage:ListeningandspeakingPeriod5Usinglanguage:ExtensivereadingPeriod6Usinglanguage:SpeakingandwritingPeriod7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

教学过程设计方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5ThepassageLetstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.设计方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板书设计

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5Thepassage

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