一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。那么怎么才能写出优秀的高中教案呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars教案设计”，欢迎阅读，希望您能阅读并收藏。

Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars
1.spread
vt.散布;扩大;延伸
Thebirdspreaditswings.那只鸟展开了翅膀。
Fliesspreaddisease.苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构:
spreadsth.withsth.用……抹/涂/铺……
spread...on...把……抹/涂/铺在……
bespreadfor摆好（桌子）准备
spreadoneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下)
spreadout张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长
高手过招
单项填空
PapermakingbeganinChinaandtoEurope.
(2009•12•河南郑州检测)
A.SpreadB.grew
C.CarriedD.developed
解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。
2.method
n.方法
Hehasintroducedanewmethodofteaching.
他引进了一种新的教学方法。
Whatisthemosteffectivemethodofbirthcontrol?
控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？
联想拓展
bythismeans=inthisway=withthismethod
用这种方法
易混辨析
method/means
method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。
anewteachingmethod一种新的教学方法
means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
高手过招
选词填空(method/means)（原创）
①Thequickestoftravelisbyplane.
②Shehasaveryscientificofdealingwithpoliticalproblems.
答案：①means②method
3.harmful
adj.有害的
常用结构:
dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害
meannoharm无意伤害别人;没有恶意
harmone’simage/reputation损害某人的形象/名声
domoreharmthangood弊大于利
Thereisnoharmin(sb.?s)doingsth.
=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事无害处
beharmfulto对……有害
harmn.充满了……
inmass全部,全体;整个地
inthemass总体上;总的说来
the(great)massof大多数,大部分
massesofsth.大量的东西
高手过招
单项填空
Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookpicturesofthem.
(2009•12•安徽合肥检测)
A.manyofB.massesof
C.thenumberofD.alargeamountof
解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。massesof=lotsof，后跟复数名词。
5.pull
v.拉，拖，拔；移动
n.拉，拖；牵(引)力
YoupushandI?llpull.
你来推，我来拉。
Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.
我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
常用结构:
pullahead(ofsb./sth.)领先于（某人/物）
pull(sb.)back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）
pulltogether同心协力；通力合作
高手过招
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas.
②Heagunandaimedatthecriminal.
③Solongaswe,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
答案：①pullingout②pulledout③pulltogether
6.cheer
vt.on③cheering
7.puzzle
vt.in②existon③existence
重点短语
9.intime意为“及时”时相当于earlyenough,soonenough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于soonerorlater。
Wegottothestationjustintimetocatchthebus.
=Wegottothestationjustintimeforthebus.
我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。
Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.
医生及时赶来救了她的命。
You?llsucceedintimeifyoukeeponworkinghard.
假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。
联想拓展
beintimeforsth./beintimetodosth.
对于某事是及时的/及时做某事
aheadoftime提前；提早
allthetime一直；始终
atonetime曾经；一度
atatime一次
attimes有时
atthesametime同时；然而；可是
fromtimetotime不时；偶尔
innotime立刻；马上
takeone?stime不急，慢慢来
timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再
高手过招
单项填空
—IwasdisappointedintimewhenIdidn’tpasstheexaminations.
—Don’tbesodiscouraged.You’llbesuccessfulin
time.(2009•12•河南平顶山检测)
A./;/B.a;aC./;aD.a;/
解析:选D。句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用inatime。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用intime。
10.prevent...from
阻止；制止
Theheavyrainpreventedusfromgoingthere.
这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。
易混辨析
prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent,stop,keep与protect四者的常见结构为：
prevent...(from)doingsth.；stop...(from)doingsth.；keep...fromdoingsth.;均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略;而keep...from...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，
protect...from...表示“保护……不受……侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
Thisplanwillbekeptfrombeingcarriedout.
这个计划将被阻止实施。
高手过招
单项填空
Somepolicemenshouldbesenttothemthetrees.
（原创）
A.prevent;tocutdownB.stop;cuttingdown
C.keep;tocutdownD.keep;cuttingdown
解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事,其中keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。故选B。
11.breakout
突发；爆发（无被动语态）
Troublemaybreakoutatanymoment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。
Whendidthewarbreakout?战争什么时候爆发的？
Itwasatmidnightthatafirebrokeout.
在午夜时分发生了一起大火。
联想拓展
breakawayfrom脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）
breakdown出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉
breakin破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等
breakinto破门而入；突然……起来
breakoff折断；突然中止；断绝；结束
breakthrough突破
breakup敲碎；放假；散会
易混辨析
comeabout/happen/takeplace/breakout/occur
comeabout发生，相当于happen,takeplace。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。
happen强调偶然发生。
takeplace指按计划、安排发生；举行
breakout多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。
occur常用于句式：sth.occurstosb.某事发生在某人身上。
高手过招
用break相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①AterribletsunamiinthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
②WhendoyouforChristmas?
③Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave.
④Hishousewaslastweek.
答案：①brokeout②breakup③brokendown④brokeninto
12.blockout
挡住（光线）
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
联想拓展
burstout大声喊叫;突然……起来
goout外出；过时；熄(灯)
putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产
comeout出现，显露；出版;结果是
helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lookout留神；注意
watchout注意；提防；向外看
findout找出，查明，发现
pickout挑出;辨认出，分辨出
speakout大声地说;大胆地说
thinkout仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等）
hangout挂出;闲逛
knockout(拳)击中，击倒，打昏
sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销
turnout结果证明是
runout(of)用完，耗尽
checkout结账离去，办妥手续离去
giveout分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽
高手过招
用out相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Attheendoftheracehislegsandhecollapsedontheground.
②It’seasytohiminacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
③Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.
④Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;ittobeafineday.
⑤Weof/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
答案：①gaveout②pick;out③comeout④turnedout⑤checkedout
13.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
Whatitwastobecome...是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的宾语。
Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.
使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
Whathedidaddedtoourdifficulty.
他所做的增加了我们的困难。
“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?
他们的计划什么时候交上来？
YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.
你得做完了作业才能看电视。
联想拓展
“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：
表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must,haveto，表示假设。表示“命运注定……”，通常用于过去时。
HowamItoknowwhathasbecomeofhim?
我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？
CertainskillsmustbelearnedifoneistouseEnglishwell.
如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。
Hewasnevertoseehiswifeagain.
他注定再也见不到他妻子了。
Werewetoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?
如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
高手过招
单项填空
Indryweathertheflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.（原创）
A.havesurvivedB.aretosurvive
C.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive
解析:选B。考查真实条件句。aretosurvive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。
14.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twiceas...as...是……的两倍
联想拓展
英语中的倍数表达法：
倍数+as+adj./adv.+as是……的几倍
倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than比……(多/大)几倍
倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,width,depth等。
Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.
=Thisruleristwicelongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.
这把尺子是那把的三倍长。
Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.
到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
高手过招
(1)翻译句子（原创）
这个房子是那个的三倍大。
(2)完成句子
到的客人是我们预计的两倍。
Thereareweexpected.
答案：(1)Thishouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone./Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone./Thishouseisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.
(2)twiceasmanyguestsas

延伸阅读

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案2

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

单元要览类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity词汇astronomyn.天文学existvi.存在;生存systemn.系统;体系;制度thusadv.因此;于是religionn.宗教;宗教信仰dioxiden.二氧化物theoryn.学说;理论biologyn.生物学atomn.原子biologistn.生物学家billionpron.（美）十亿puzzlen.迷;难题vt.（使）为难globen.球体;地球仪;地球gravityn.万有引力;重力violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的floatvt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物carbonn.碳gentleadj.温和的;文雅的atmospheren.大气层;气氛physicistn.物理学家unlikeprep.不同;不像climaten.气候fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的crashvt.坠落harmfuladj.有害的spaceshipn.宇宙飞船acidn.酸pulln.拖;牵引力chainn.链子;连锁;锁链satelliten.卫星;人造卫星multiplyvt.增加massn.质量;团;块;大量oxygenn.氧exhaustvt.用尽;耗尽短语solarsystem太阳系blockout挡住（光线）intime及时;终于cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto产生;分娩breakout突发;爆发inone’sturn轮到某人;接着watchout密切注视;当心;提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent...from阻止;制止重要句型1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)功能Instructions:Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...语法NounclausesasthesubjectWhatitwastobecomewasuncertain......itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.教学重点1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.教学难点1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.课时安排Periodsneeded:7Period1WarmingupandreadingPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage:ImportantlanguagepointsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage:GrammarPeriod4Usinglanguage:ListeningandspeakingPeriod5Usinglanguage:ExtensivereadingPeriod6Usinglanguage:SpeakingandwritingPeriod7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整体设计教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教学重点1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教学难点1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三维目标知识目标1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目标1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目标1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

教学过程设计方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5ThepassageLetstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.设计方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板书设计

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5Thepassage

活动与探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife....

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars grammar 教案

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
grammar
Teachinggoals
1Targetlanguage
a重点词汇和短语
suffer,settle,realize,worryabout,havegotto,tieup
b重点句子：
Hewasverydisappointed.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.
Tosavemoney,youmustuseasfewwordsaspossible.
c.Practisetalkingaboutproblemsinstudyorlife
Myproblemis…Thedifficultyis…Mytroubleis…
Thequestionis…Myadviceis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…
Thefactis…Mysuggestionis…
2Abilitygoals
LearntouseNounClausesasthesubject..
3Learningabilitygoals
LetSslearnhowtouseNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingimportantpoints
theuseofNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingdifficultpoints
HowtoteachtheSstolearntouseNounClausesasthesubject
Teachingmethods
Learngrammarthroughpractice
Teachingaids
computer
Teachingprocedures
Step1Revision
1.Checkretellingofthepassage.
Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.Waterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.Thearrivalofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.Laterlandanimalsappeared.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthesea.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Later,dinosaursdeveloped.Theybecamethemostimportantanimalsontheearthformillionsofyears.Aftertheydisappeared,mammalsbecamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsandtheyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.Smallcleveranimals,withhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Astimewentby,theycoveredtheearthandhavebecomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.
2.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1.你迟早会成功的。
2.我的车与你的不一样。
3.站在门旁边的那个人是谁？
4.他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
5.既然你已经长大了，你自己决定吧。
Suggestedanswers:
1.You’llsucceedintime.
2.Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3.Whoisthepersonstandingbythedoor?
4.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
5.Nowthatyouhavegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
Step2Preparation
Showsomeexamplesentencesonthescreen.
1Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
2Youareastudent.
3Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
4Smokingisbadforyou.
5“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
6Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
7Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
8It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Orfinditssubjectineachsentence.
Step3Grammar
定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether；连接代词who,what和which；连接副词when,where,how和why。
1)由what等代词引起的主语从句：
Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。
2)由连词that引起的主语从句：
Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。
但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。
3)由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。
Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。
4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)Itis+adj./n.+从句
Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……
Itispossiblethat...很可能……
Itisunlikelythat...不可能……
2)It+不及物动词+从句
Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……
Ithappenedthat...碰巧……
3)It+be+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat...据说……
Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……
Itisreportedthat...据报道……
Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……
Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……
单个的主语从句作主语时谓语动词用单数；由and连接的两个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Step4practice
Ex1fillintheblanks.
1._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
2._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent
3.________the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisknown.
4.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
6.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
7.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“__isourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”
9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.
Ex2translation
1.谁赢了比赛还不知道。
_______________isunknown.
2.他所说的话是真的。
____________istrue.
3.我们要晚了，那是肯定无疑的。
_______________iscertain.
4.他去哪里还不清楚。
______________isnotclear.
5.很遗憾你不能来。
____________youcan’tcome.
Homework
Englishweeklypage4part3

高一英语必修三导学案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“高一英语必修三导学案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars”，仅供参考，希望能为您提供参考！

高一英语必修三导学案Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars班级姓名小组语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.loudly/loud/aloudloudlyadv响亮地，高声地loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用aloudadv相对默读而言；出声根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Willyoupleasespeak______?2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3).Thebombexploded______.4).Ishervoice______enough?5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder2.unlike/dislikeunlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike3.remain/leaveremainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone4.climate/weatherclimate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本

3.developmentn.生长，发

展；新情况

developvt.发展；产生

vi.生长；发展

developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的

4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---laying

lievi.躺，平放；位于

lie---lay---lain---lying

lien.lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development

5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的[典例]1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)[典例]1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?[重点用法]lay短语：layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.in2).existonto3).existence5.puzzlevt.on3).cheeringⅣ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先[典例]Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。[重点用法]begin/startwith从……开始begin/startsthwith从……开始……[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).He______hisspeech______apoem.2).Hisspeech____________apoem.3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith2.intime及时；最终；迟早[典例]1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。[短语归纳]time短语：intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime(钟表)走得准keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准takeone’stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了[练习]用time短语填空。1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.4)._____________________willIgiveup.5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着[典例]Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。[短语归纳]turn短语：inturn轮流；一个接着一个byturns轮流；一阵……一阵……taketurns(todosth.)轮流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。1).Shewenthotandcold______________.2).我们轮流着开车。____________________________________________________________________________________3).今天轮到谁发言了？____________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事[典例]Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止这种疾病的蔓延).2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.3).警察阻止他们携带武器。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.5.blockout挡住（光线）[典例]Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。[短语归纳]out短语：breakout爆发，发生burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来goout外出；过时；(灯)熄putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，发现pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout挂出，闲逛knockedout(拳击中)击倒，打昏sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销turnout结果证明是runout(of)用完，耗尽checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去handout分发，散发giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)[练习]用out短语填空。1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张[典例]Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。[短语归纳]off短语：getoff下车falloff从……摔下来takeoff脱下；起飞keepoff远离turnoff关闭payoff付清，还清set...off给……送行kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下giveoff散发showoff炫耀shutoff关闭[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译。1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发[典例]Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。[短语归纳]break短语：breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败breakup打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止；中断；折断breakintosth.强行进入某处breakone’sword/promise食言；说话不算数[练习]用break短语填空。1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防[典例]Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。[重点用法]watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保护；照看[练习]用watch短语填空。1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchoutⅤ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。[解释]“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2).Theworstisstill____________(come).3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.4).这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。[解释]此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).We________________________(规定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).I__________________(发现很难)togetalongwithhim．3).他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4).我觉得我有责任帮助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。[解释]twiceas...as...“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。[解释]twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas课文要点（模块）Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大气层）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodⅡ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语，短文解释了生命如何在地球上开始的。首先，地球爆炸和产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物和动物，包括人类逐渐在地球上出现。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[模仿要点]句子结构：what＋主语从句＋is…till+时间名词＋定语从句他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[模仿要点]句子结构:主语从句＋is＋that表语从句他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[模仿要点]句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.单元自测（模块）1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：196完成时间：14分钟难度：***Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保证)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick答案：文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。1.D通读全文可知“不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机会或者动力)。根据此意需要选D项2.D根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。3.A海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了/学会了要用learn表达。4.B从第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)当中。5.C即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster)。6.C这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simplywasted)。7.A他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写作并且取得成功可以看出来。8.A忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak与thebest相对。9.B朋友鼓励他要乐观(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence与optimism并列，表达相近的意思。10.C从前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈祷问题会减少，而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)来应对这些挑战。不是寻找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。字数：143完成时间：8分钟难度：***OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.答案：1．hadcome考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：2．Coming考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth．的结构：3．with介词，"有，具有"：4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：5．Before时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：6．andand连接ranup...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。9．wasbuying过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：10．a表一份奖品：3.信息匹配阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息：SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.SectionB:Sports2)你赞成哪一种学习方式，合作学习还是单独学习?3)你以前采取什么学习方式，比较你先后采取两种学习方式上的变化及不同结果。[写作要求]1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。[写作辅导]1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：热情enthusiasm,合作学习studyingroups，单独学习studyalone。2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.

3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，属于评论性文字，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。但你以前采取何种学习方式属于经历，必须使用一般过去时态。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：TheBestWaytoLearnInMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.

高三英语教案：《Astronomy: the science of the stars》教学设计

词汇详解：

1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.

在我们的太阳系里八个行星绕太阳运转。

The birds were circling around over the lake.

鸟儿在湖面上空绕圈子。

The teachers are used to circling the pupils' spelling mistakes in red ink.

教师习惯于用红笔圈出学生的拼写错误。

They sat in a circle round the fire.

他们围着火坐成一圈。

In political circles there is talk of war.

在政治圈里，有人谈论到（会发生）战争

2. The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.

地球上生命的起源是个使天文学家感兴趣的问题。

the origins of civilization 文明的起源

He is a German by origin.他原籍德国。

This new theory will certainly interest you.

这新理论肯定会引起你的兴趣。

I find no interest in such things.

我对这些不感兴趣。

His two great interests in life are music and painting.

他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。

The interests of the individual must be subordinated to the interests of the collective.

个人利益必须服从集体利益。

3. However， according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.

但是，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。

?● widely accepted 被广泛地接受、认可

● begin with 始于

to begin with 起初

Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。

To begin with, I couldn’t understand every word.

起初，我一句也没弄明白。

●In which direction are you going, north or south?

你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？

What direction does this exhibition hall face?

展览馆朝什么方向

【联想拓展】

in all directions 四面八方; 各方面

in every direction向各方面, 向四面八方

in the direction of 朝 ... 方向

4. a cloud of dust 一团尘埃

a cloud of …一大群，一大片

My mother drew my uncle's attention to a cloud of unusual size and shape .

我的妈妈让我的叔叔注意一团形状大小很不规则的云彩。

5. What it was to become was uncertain, …

它会变成什么没有人知道，……

?●What it was to become 是一个主语从句，在整个句子中做主语；

【?联想拓展?】?

●be to do这一结构在本句中表示“即将”。

be to do的其他用法：

1)表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该、必须”。长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。

2)表示将来要做的事，或按计划、约定要做的事，这一用法主要用于正规文件中，可译作“打算、将要”。

3)表示不可避免将要发生的事，或命中注定的事。

I am uncertain what to do. 我确定不了做什么。

6. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.

地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

●a violent wind 暴风

a violent death 横死; 暴死

a violent dislike 极端的厌恶

●The hot weather lasted until the end of September.

炎热的天气一直持续到九月底。

This food will last them 5 days.

这些食物足够他们吃五天。

This cloth lasts well.

这种布很耐穿。

7. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce the water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases,...

它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，……?

●explode with anger勃然大怒, 大发脾气

explode with laugher哄堂大笑

The bomb exploded.炸弹爆炸了。

I threw the vase on the floor and it exploded into tiny pieces.

我把花瓶扔到了地板上，花瓶砰地一声摔个粉碎

The children exploded three firecrackers.

孩子们燃放了三个爆竹

?●in time来得及;总有一天，迟早?

I was just in time for the flight.?

我刚好来得及赶上那班飞机。?

I will see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。?

【?联想拓展?】?

in no time立即，立刻

at any time 在任何时候?

at one time曾经，一度

at times 有时，偶尔?

on time按时，准时

of the time现在的，当时的?

I jump into the river in no time.

我立即跳入河中。?

You may use my watch at any time.?

你可以随时用我的手表。?

At one time there were not so many cars on the streets.?

从前街上没有这么多车子。?

At times I go to the playground to play football.?

我有时到操场踢足球。?

The guest reached the hall on time.

客人准时到达大厅。?

I think he is the greatest musician of the time.?

我想他是当代最伟大的音乐家。

【练习】

用time介词短语填空

(1)—Why are you in a hurry to leave here??—Get home ________ to bathe the children.

(2)These buses are never ________ and the passengers are always complaining.?

(3)I am away, please call me ________ if someone come to see me.

(4)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province ________.

(5)He rushed out of the kitchen ________ when he heard the shout.

(6) ______ I sit silently and wonder if this kind of job is worth all the effort.

8. cool down 冷却,平静下来

A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.

如果双方都先冷静下来，激烈的争执可以处理得好一些。

9. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.

水会对于生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。

●It is obvious that she is very clever. 很明显，她挺聪明。

●There are fundamental differences between your religious beliefs and mine.

你我的宗教信仰根本不同.

The fundamental cause of his success is hard work

他成功的重要原因是努力工作。

Fresh air is fundamental to good health. 空气新鲜是身体健

康之必需。

A fundamental of good behavior is consideration for others.

良好行为的一个根本是体谅他人。

10. … the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

水的持续存在使得地球把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

●Your presence is a gift to the world.

你的存在是献给世界的一份厚礼。

She was so quiet that her presence was hardly noticed.

她一声不响，几乎没有人留意到她在场。

Your presence at the meeting is requested. 敬请光临。

【联想拓展?】

●allow sb. sth.同意给某人某物

allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

allow doing sth.允许做某事，与permit在很多情况下可以通用。其他动词advise，forbid 也有类似用法。

The reading room doesn’t allow smoking.阅览室不准吸烟。

People are not allowed to spit in public.不许当众吐痰。

permit, allow的不同用法:

(1)allow可以和副词连用，permit则不能。如:

Mary wouldn’t allow me in.玛丽不让我进去。

(2)表示客气的请求时，主语是you应当用permit，以表示下级对上级，幼辈对长辈，低层对高层人尊敬的请求。若主语用I，则应当用allow的被动形式。如:

May I be allowed to use this knife? =Will you permit me to use this knife?我可以用你的刀子吗？

【练习?】

用allow短语的适当形式完成句子

(1)The girl’s parents are very strict and they don’t _____________________________________ beyond midnight.

女孩的父母相当严厉，他们不允许她待在外面超过12点。

(2)We don’t _______________________________________ in the meeting room of the school.

我们不准有人在学校的会议室里吵闹。

(3)I _______________________________________ for his birthday present.?

我答应给小男孩自行车作为生日礼物。

11. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

12. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.?

它们繁殖起来并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了早期贝壳类动物和各种鱼类以后生的长发育。

●He filled the bucket with water.

他把水桶装满水。

●There have been many new developments in gene.

基因方面已经有几项新的发展。

Father watched the development of his baby with interest.

爸爸充满兴趣地看着孩子的成长。

【联想拓展】

with the development of society 随着社会的发展

political development政治动态

housing development住宅区

【练习】

词形填空

(1)As the new country ______ (develop),more and more people live a happy and easy life.

(2)America is a ______ (develop) country, the average income is very large.

(3)In Africa, some countries are ___ (develop) countries. They are badly need other countries aid.

(4)With the ______ (develop) of economy, our society still needs the rapid development of civilization.

13. …were able to live on land as well as in the water. ……

既能在陆地上生存也能在水里生存。

●He grows flowers as well as vegetables.

他既种菜也种花.

I'm learning French as well as English.

我学英语之外还学法语。

Rose is as well as her brother.

罗斯和她哥哥身体一样棒。

14. They produced young generally by laying eggs.

它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。

Animals protect their young. 动物保护它们的幼崽。

15. …existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

……在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

●exist v.存在;there exist表示“存在/有”，此时exist不用进行时。

Several people believe the Devil exists in the world.

少数人认为世界上存在恶魔。

There exists warm-hearted person everywhere.

好人到处都有。

Conference like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.

像地球峰会一样的会议有助于人们明白现存在的严重问题，也明白还有时间来采取行动的。

there exist表示“存在/有”，是 “there be”句型的延伸，类似的还有there stand, there lie, there live, there occur。

【练习】

词形填空

It is surprising that a kind of animal _______ (exist) in the dry desert.?

(2)There ______ (exist) a good way to solve many difficult physics problems.?

16. give birth to 引起，产生，造成，生

His wife give birth to a son for him.

他老婆给他生了一个儿子.

It is very important that you should I learn to release the stress. Otherwise, it will give birth to a serious psychological question.

最重要的是要学会释放压力.否则,就会产生严重的心理问题.

17. …some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.

一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球各个地方。

spread(spread, spread) vt.使伸展，延伸vi.（消息等）传开，流行

Mum spread a new cloth bought in the supermarket on the table when we had dinner.

我们吃饭时妈妈在桌子上铺上一条从超市买来的新桌布。

He spread out his arms to welcome us warmly.

他张开双臂热情地欢迎我们。

The exciting news spread through the school quickly.

这激动人心的消息很快传遍了学校。

【联想拓展?】

spread out 传开

spread rumors 散布谣言

spread like wildfire 像野火一般传开

spread oneself 舒展身体

spread the table 铺桌子

spread the load 分摊(工作量)

18. Thus they have, in their turn, became the most important animals on the planet.

于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。

There has been no rain — thus, the crops are drying.

天没下雨，因此庄稼要枯死了。

She studied hard; thus she got high marks.

她用功读书, 因此获得高分。

19. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.

他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。

●The atmosphere here is very clear.这里的空气很纯净。

There is an atmosphere of peace and calm in the country, quite different from the atmosphere of a big city.

在乡间有一种和平宁静的气氛，和大城市的气氛截然不同。

●prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.阻止某人或者某事做某事

His words can’t prevent us from buying books.

他的话不会阻止我们买书。

The heavy rain prevented us going on,but we didn’t lose heart.

大雨阻止我们前进，但是我们不灰心丧气。

另外，与这种结构相似的有stop sb./sth.(from) doing sth.（from可以省略）和keep sb./sth. from doing sth.（from不可以省略）。

Lynn’s parents tried to stop her seeing him.

林恩的父母企图阻止她和他见面。

You won’t keep the things from happening.

你不能阻止事情发生。

【联想拓展】

完成句子

(1)Nothing would ________________________ against injustice. ( prevent)?

什么也不能阻止他鸣不平。

Please have an apple _________________ until dinner time.(keep)?

吃个苹果就能挨到吃晚饭了。

单选

（3）The heavy rain _____ us visiting the attractive lake, but we didn’t _____.

A. prevented; lose the heart B. prevented; lose heart

C. kept; lose the heart D. kept; lose the heart

20. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.

因此，很多科学家们相信地球可能会变得太热而不能在上面生存。

As a result of the rain, I was late.

雨太大，所以我来晚了。

21. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.?

所以在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。?

depend on/upon意思为“依靠，依赖”，常用结构是 depend on sb./ sth.，depend on sb. to do sth.。

The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

这个国家主要依靠旅游业。

The poor man depends his son to earn money.

这个穷人依靠他的儿子去赚钱。

要特别注意depend on it常用于句首或句末，意思为“请放心，没问题”;It all depends和That depends意思为“看情况而定”，二者都用于口语中。例如：

Depend on it, he’ll turn up.

请放心，他一定会来的。

It depends how you tackle the problem.

那取决于你如何解决这个问题。

【练习】

用depend短语的适当形式完成句子

(1)—Is your father coming tomorrow?

— _______ _______ (那要看情况).He may not have the time.

(2)—We don’t know if we can offer help.

—_______ _______ _______ (一切看情况而定).

(3)—What is your attitude?

—_______ _______ _______ (请放心).We won’t give up.

22. There used to be nine planets in the solar system.

在太阳系了原来有九颗行星。

注意there be的变形：there seems to be, there must be, there can be, there is going to be, there has/have been 等。

23. At the beginning, the earth had no water. 起初，地球上没有水。

【联想拓展】

A good beginning makes a good ending. [谚]欲善其终必先善其始。

at the beginning从一开始; 开始; 起初; 首先

at the beginning of在...初

from beginning to end从头到尾, 自始自终

Everything must have a beginning.[谚]凡事都有个开头。

24. The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on the earth.

这个理论的根据是组成月球上岩石的分子似乎与地球的不同。

Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.

农民只占人口的一小部分.

Every one can be different from another. Why must we all be the same?

每个人都可以和别人不一样。为什么非要人人都一样？

25. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.

虽然它的起源仍然是个谜，但是月球就是地球的一个卫星。

It's a puzzle where all my money goes each week.

我每星期的钱都到哪儿去了是一个难解的问题。

This letter puzzles me.

这封信使我迷惑不解。

I'm puzzled about what to do next.

下一步该怎么办,我心里还没数哩。

26. find ways to solve the problem of global warming.

找到解决全球变暖这个难题的方法

27. die out灭绝, 逐渐消失, 渐渐止息

Some animals will die out if we don't protect them.

好多动物会灭绝假如我们再不去保护他们。

28. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.

由于这件事，在天空中形成一大团尘埃遮住了阳光。

That wall blocks out all the light.

那堵墙把光线都遮住了。

29. However, whether the climate will change again is a concern for everybody on earth.

但是，气候是否会再变是世上每个人关切的事。

She showed great concern about you. 她很为你担心。

【?联想拓展?】?

have a concern in和...有利害关系

have no concern for毫不关心

30. …a comet crashed into the earth long ago…

……很久以前，一颗彗星撞击了地球，……

She noticed a car crash into a big tree nearby

.她注意到一辆小汽车撞到了附件的一棵大树上。

31. …I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space

………有幸得到一个机会去太空旅行……

They know well enough what we mean. 他们当然懂得我们的意思。

32. …explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.

…向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。

Please explain to me where to begin and how to do it.

请向我说明从哪里开始以及怎样做。

He explained how the machine was used.

他解释了怎样使用那台机器。

33. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.

随着火箭徐徐升空，因为我们要尽力逃离地球的吸引力，所以我们被向后推在座位上。

【?联想拓展?】?

escape danger脱险

escape one's memory被某人遗忘

His name escapes me. (=His name escapes my memory.)

我记不得他的名字了。

He narrowly escaped death.

他九死一生。

The hotel guests tried their best to escape from the burning building.

旅客们尽力从燃烧的大楼中逃出来。

34. On the earth if I fall from the tree I will fall to the ground.

在地球上如果我们从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。

35. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.

当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。

36. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

我离开高兴起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，望着地球越来越小，月亮越来越大。

37. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍。

【联想拓展】

英语倍数表达法：

1.用times表示倍数（一般限于包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍的数，一般用twice）

其句型有：

1）...times+形容词（副词）比较级+than...。如：

This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍大）

2）...times +as+形容词（或much）或副词原级+as...。如：

The big box is four times as heavy as the small one.

大箱子是小箱子的四倍重。

3）...times +the+名词（size, height, weight, length, width）+of。如：

This big tree is four times the height of that small one.

这棵大树的高度是那棵小树的四倍。（比那棵小树高三倍）

4）...times+more+名词（可数，不可数）+than...。如：

There are four times more books in our library than in yours.

我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆的四倍。（多三倍）

5）...times +as many（或much）+名词+其他。如：

There are three times as many apples in this basket as in that one.

这个篮里的苹果是那个篮里的三倍。

There are five times as many students as we expected.

这里的学生是我们预计的五倍。

6）...times +over+被比对象，表示“增加……倍”。如：

The grain output in that village was twice over that of 1978.

那个村的粮食产量比1978年的增加了两倍。

7）...times +that of+被比较的对象表示“是……倍”。如：

In this workshop, the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

这个车间7月份的产量是1月份的3.5倍。

2.用double表示倍数。

1）double作形容词，表示“两倍的”。如：

The production is now double what it was ten years ago.

现在的产量是十年前的两倍。

2）double作动词，意为“是……的两倍”。如：

The output has been doubled in the past five years.

过去五年中产量翻了一番。

38. Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.

既然重力改变了走路确实需要练一练了。

39. After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.

过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自入了。

40. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.

我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。

break out可指大火、战争等突然爆发。

World War Ⅱ broke out in 1939.

第二次世界大战是1939年爆发的。

break out还可指突然发出某种声音。

She broke out in curses in her dream.她在梦中大声咒骂起来。

41. There is very little gravity so that things float around.引力很小以致于东西飘来飘去。

42. watch out for… 戒备，提放，密切注意

43. Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics.

天文学是数学和物理构成的科学科目。

44. You can use the scientific method when studying English too.

学习英语的时候你也可以运用科学方法。

◆genuine指物品的来历或性质同所说的是一致的。如:

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