一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责，高中教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容，帮助高中教师更好的完成实现教学目标。优秀有创意的高中教案要怎样写呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“高三英语教案：《the science of the stars》教学设计”，大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢！

●重点单词

1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家

2．system n．系统；体系；制度

3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的

4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的

5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地

6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛

7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢

8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. & n. & v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予

9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的

10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存

11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的

12．gravity n．万有引力；重力

13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星

14．climate n．气候

15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船

16．pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力

17．float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物

18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众

●重点短语

1．in time　及时；终于

2．lay eggs 下蛋

3．give birth to 产生；分娩

4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着

5．prevent...from 阻止；制止

6．block out 挡住(光线)

7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋

8．now that 既然

9．break out 突发；爆发

10．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防

11．cool down 冷却

12．as well as 也；还有……

13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于

14．get close to 靠近

●重点句型

1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。

2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。

●高考范文

(2009·陕西卷)

假定你是李华。在一个英文网络论坛上，你看到一个名叫Grown－up的中学生发帖(post)寻求帮助，请根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回贴。

Grown－up Post at 18－5－2009 20：08

? Hi, everyone，

I'm 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn. But my mother continues to treat me as a seven－year－old. What should I do?

TOP

Last Topic　Next Topic ＋REPLY　＋NEW

写作要点：

1．告诉Grown－up要理解母亲；

2．给Grown－up提出解决问题的具体建议。

要求：

1.短文需写在答题卡的指定区域。

2.短文词数不少于80(不含已写好的部分)。

3.内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。

4.书写须清晰、工整。

Hi, Grown－up，

As a student of your age, I understand your situation.

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

[范文]

Hi，Grown－up，

As a student of your age, I understand your situation. The problem you are facing is common among our teenagers. However, it should be wise not to do anything that may hurt her feelings. Here are a few suggestions.

First, it's advisable to talk more with your mom. I learnt talks help you understand each other better. They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.

Second, you should learn to do your own things well, proving to your mom that you are already a “grown－up”， It's even better if you could share more of the housework, such as cleaning, washing and cooking.

考 点 探 究

互动探究·能力备考

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

1．harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的

harm n．&vt. 损伤；伤害

harmless adj. 无害的

harmlessness n. 无害

be harmful to 对……有害

do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害

do more harm than good 弊大于利

There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.

(某人)做某事有(无)害处。

It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)

做某事有(无)害处。

mean no harm 没有恶意

[即学即练1](1)Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。

(2)What he did _________ his reputation.

他所做的损害了他的名声。

be

harmful

to

harmed

(3)He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______.

他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。

(4)The court case will ______ ______ ______ ______ my business.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。

means

no

harm

do

serious

harm

to

2．exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活

existent adj. 存在的，现存的　existence n. 存在，生存

There exists/existed....某地有……，存在……

exist in 存在于……之中

exist on 靠……为生

exist by 靠……生存

come into existence 开始存在；成立

bring into existence 使发生，产生

[即学即练2](1)________ always ________ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。

(2)They ______ ______ very little food.

他们靠极少的食物来生存。

(3)That word doesn‘t ______ in English.

英语中没有这个词。

There

exists

exist

on

exist

(4)Fish can't ______ ______ ______ ______.

鱼离开水就不能生存。

(5)When did the world ______ ______ ______________？

世界是什么时候开始产生的？

exist

out

of

water

come

into

existence

3．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂　n. 难题；谜

puzzling adj. 令人困惑的

puzzled adj. 感到困惑的

puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨

puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋

be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解

set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜

be puzzled by 被……迷惑

[即学即练3](1)It's quite ______ ______ ______ us why he did that.

他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。

(2)This sentence _________ me. 这个句子令我困惑。

(3)I ______ ________ how to solve the problem.

我不知道怎样解决这个问题。

(4)The question is ________ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。

a

puzzle

to

puzzles

was

puzzled

puzzling

4．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着

in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来

by turns轮流；交替

take one’s turn轮到某人做……了

take turns依次；轮班，轮流

on the turn正在转变，正在变化

out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地

[即学即练4](1)The girls called out their names ______ ______.

那些女孩儿逐一报出了自己的名字。

(2)We make every effort to make more films, and ______ ______ this creates further environmental pollution.

我们在竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。

in

turn

in

turn

(3)We kept watch ______ ______.

＝We ______ ______ to keep watch.

我们轮流守望。

by

turns

took

turns

5．prevent...from 阻止；制止

stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御

keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

[即学即练5](1)What can we do to ___________________ this disease ______ ___________？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？

(2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要让别人等太久。

prevent/stop/keep

from

spreading

keep

waiting

提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：

We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.

大雨使我们无法外出。

(2)protect...from...中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：

They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。

6．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋

cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋

cheer on 为……加油

cheer sb. 为某人喝彩

with good cheer 欣然地

Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)

[即学即练6](1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad.

振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。

(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。

(3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______.

观众都替他们看好的马加油。

Cheer

up

cheered

cheered

on

7．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)

①The Second World War broke out in September 1939.

“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。

②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.

昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。

拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)

break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解

break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)

break into 破门而入，突然……起来

break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束

break through 突破

break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束

break into pieces 成为碎片

[即学即练7]　介、副词填空

(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee.

(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.

(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.

off

up

down

(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?

(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.

(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.

out

down

up

8．watch out 注意；当心

watch out(for)＝ look out (for)

密切注意；留神

take care 留神，注意

be careful 仔细，留神

watch it 当心，小心

watch over 照看；看守

keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视

[即学即练8](1)______ ______！ There is a car coming!

当心！有车来了！

(2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road.

过马路时要当心车辆。

(3)______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。

Watch

out

Watch

out

for

Be

careful

Take

care

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.

这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。

本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。

①He thinks it his duty to help others.

他认为帮助别人是他的职责。

②He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.

他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。

③We consider it no use going to the seaside.

我们认为去海边没用处。

④We all consider it a pity that you didn‘t come to the party.

我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。

⑤I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.

我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。

⑥You may depend on it that we’re honest.

你可以相信我们是诚实的。

拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。

(1)It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。

(2)It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事……

(3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……

(4)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/had done...

这是某人第……次做……

(5)It is (high) time that...＋主语＋did/should do...

是……该做……的时候了。

(6)It's said/reported/believed/announced that...

据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……

(7)It‘s a pity/a shame/a wonder...that...

可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是……

(8)It happens/appears/seems that... 恰巧/看来/好像……

(9)It looks/seems as if... 看起来好像……

(10)It’s up to sb. to do... 该某人做……了

[即境活用1]　(1)He didn't make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A．this　B．that

C．it D．these

解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where从句。

答案：C

(2)I'd appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A．that B．it

C．this D．you

解析：it做形式宾语，代替 if从句。

答案：B

2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

倍数的表达方式有：

(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。

(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。

(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。

①Asia is four times as large as Europe.

＝The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.

＝Asia is four times the size of Europe.

＝Asia is three times larger than Europe.jAb88.coM

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。

②Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992.

我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。

③The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。

[即境活用2]　(1)Though it's a challenging job, he did it ______ it took me.

A．onethird a time B．onethird time

C．the onethird time D．onethird the time

解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数＋the＋n.”结构。

答案：D

(2)What a table! I've never seen such a thing before. It is ______ it is long.

A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as

C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half

解析：考查倍数比较 half＋as...as。

答案：C

3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习

(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。

①在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。

You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。

Jack said he would come and he did come.

杰克说他要来，他果真来了。

②在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。

Please do sit down. 务必请坐下。

Do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。

(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。

Now that you have finished your work, you‘d better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。

辨析：now that/because/since/as/for

now that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。

because 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。

since与 as语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。

for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。

—Why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？

—Because it is good for you. 因为这对你有好处。

Since you have known it, I won‘t repeat it.

既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。

Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.

穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。

It rained last night, for the ground is wet.

昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。

[即境活用3]　(1)In my opinion, what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng ______ good to our country's international positions.

A．did do does B．did does do

C．does did do D．do do did

解析：第一个 did是 what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个 does强调谓语 do good to，故选B。

答案：B

易 错 点 拨

自我完善·误区备考

1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely

(1)unlike prep.不同；不像

(2)dislike vt. 不喜欢

(3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的

(4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的

解析：now that 引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为：既然。

答案：D

[应用1]　用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空：

(1)The twins look very much ______.

(2)________ his brother, he ________ playing football.

(3)We all think he is ______ to win.

alike

Unlike

dislikes

likely

2. pull/drag/draw

(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。

(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。

(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。

[应用2]　(1)She _________a truck out from under the bed.

(2)______ the door open. Don’t push it.

(3)______ your chair up to the table.

(4)The ants are _________ pieces of corn.

dragged

Pull

Draw

pulling

3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time

in time及时；总有一天；终于

on time按时

at one time曾经，一度

at a time一次，同时

at times有时

at no time决不，在任何时候都不

in no time立刻，马上

[应用3]　(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear __________.

(2)_____________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.

(3)They ran all the way to the corner just ________ to catch the bus.

in no time

At one time

in time

(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _________. Wipe your tears.

(5)Deal with your questions separately, one ______.

(6)Be sure to be _________. The meeting is very important.

(7)___________ will we give up.

at times

at a time

on time

At no time

高 效 作 业

自我测评·技能备考

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．He was interested in a__________________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.

2．Not long ago a v___________ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.

3．Computer hackers have broken down security s____________，raising questions about the safety of information.

4．Too much sugar can be h________ to children's teeth.

astronomy

violent

systems

harmful

5．The three－star hotel offers a friendly

a______________________ and personal service.

6．China has sent up another ______ (人造卫星) into space.

7．There is a lot of rubbish ___________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.

8．_____________ (理论) is based on practice.

9．The__________ (气候) is different from place to place.

10. 6 _______________ (乘) by 5 is 30.

atmosphere

satellite

floating

Theory

climate

multiplied

Ⅱ .单项选择

1．—I‘m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can‘t pass this time.

—______！ I’m sure you‘ll make it.

A．Go ahead B．Good luck

C．No problem D．Cheer up

答案：D

解析：考查交际用语。cheer up 用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。

2．(2010·湖北百校联考)With the words, he ______ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.

A．pulled out B．checked out

C．stuck out D．dropped out

答案：A

解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，从……中抽出来”。check out“结帐离去，办妥手续离去”；stick out“坚持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退学”。

3．As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______ her duty to look after all the other people‘s affairs in that town.

A．this B．that

C．one D．it

解析：考查 it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语 to look after...。

答案：D

4．Completely lost in the exciting ______ of the football match, Tom didn‘t feel his pocket picked.

A．scene B．view

C．atmosphere D．sight

答案：C

解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指“气氛；氛围”。

5．Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.

A．exploded B．exposed

C．explored D．expanded

答案：C

解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，显示；explore探索；expand扩大。

6．It’s ______ for the Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.

A．so a successful flight

B．so successful a flight

C．such successful a flight

D．a such successful flight

答案：B

解析：考查such...that和so...that句型。句意为：对于“神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。“so＋adj.＋a＋可数名词单数”或“such＋a＋adj.＋可数名词单数”。

7．He has ______ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.

A．much B．a great deal of

C．masses of D．the number of

答案：C

解析：考查修饰名词表“大量”的词的辨析。masses of相当于plenty of，意为“许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数名词；the number of意为“……的数目”，与题意不符。

8．(2010·陕西西安质检)We were scared to death when the fire ______. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.

A．broke out B．came out

C．gave out D．turned out

答案：A

解析：考查动词短语辨析。break out表示“(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生”；come out表示“出发，发芽”；give out表示“分发，用完”；turn out表示“结果是，生产”。语意：突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。A项符合语意。

9．At the ______ news, there was a ______ expression on his face.

A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzle

C．puzzling; puzzled D．puzzled; puzzle

答案：C

解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修饰 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。

10．Do you think ______ life on Mars?

A．it exists B．there exists

C．it is existed D．there is existed

答案：B

解析：考查There exists ...句式，意为“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。

11．All possible means ______. However, nothing can ______ him dying of lung cancer.

A．has tried; stop

B．have tried; keep

C．has been tried; prevent

D．have been tried; stop

答案：D

解析：第一空主语 means 是单复数同形的名词，有 all修饰，谓语用复数，且为被动语态；第二空 stop和 prevent 都对，但 keep...from中 from不能省略。

12．______， I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on working hard, and you‘ll succeed______.”

A．At a time; in time B．At a time; on time

C．At one time; in time D．At one time; on time

答案：C

解析：第一空填 at one time “曾经有一段时间”，第二空填 in time “迟早”。at a time “一次”；on time “按时”。

13．(2010·北京东城期末)Water, which seems so simple and common, is ______ makes life possible.

A．what B．that

C．which D．how

答案：A

解析：考查表语从句。名词性从句的解题原则是“缺什么补什么”，此处表语从句“______ makes life possible”中缺少“主语”，同时“主语”不表示“人”，用what(表示人时应该选用who或者whom)。所以选A项。

14．______you‘ve passed the final exam, you can prepare for the coming holiday.

A．Now that B．As soon as

C．Although D．If

答案：A

解析：考查状语从句。now that 可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。

15．Some parts in South China have experienced ______this year as they did last year.

A．twice as much rain B．rain twice as much

C．as twice much rain D．twice rain as much

答案：A

解析：考查倍数比较 twice as much ...as。

Ⅲ .阅读理解

A

Vincent Van Gogh (30 March 1853～29 July 1890) was a Dutch post－Impressionist artist. He was considered one of the greatest artists with great influence on 20th century art.

Van Gogh spent his early adult life working for a firm of art dealers. After a brief period as a teacher, he became a missionary(传教士) worker in a very poor mining region. He did not begin his career as an artist until 1880; however during the last ten years of his life, he produced more than 2 000 pieces, including around 900 paintings and 1 100 drawings and sketches(素描).

He worked only with sombre(昏暗的) colours until he met Impressionism and neo－Impressionism in Paris. Van Gogh incorporated(合并) their brighter colours and style of painting into a uniquely recognizable style. Most of his best－known works were produced during his final two years, when he was suffering from serious mental illness.

In 1890, at the age of 37, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest. He died two days later, with Theo, his brother and his best friend, at his side, who reported his last words as “The sadness will last forever”. Theo, unable to come to terms with his brother's death died 6 months later and was buried next to him. It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.

Vincent Van Gogh's mother threw away quite a number of his paintings during Vincent's life and even after his death. But she would live long enough to see her son become a world famous painter.

The only painting he sold during his lifetime, The Red Vineyard, was created in 1888. It is now on display in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, Russia. Several paintings by Van Gogh rank among the most expensive paintings in the world.

On March 30, 1987 Van Gogh's painting Irises was sold for a record $53.9 million at Southeby's, New York. On May 15, 1990 his Portrait of Doctor Gachet was sold for $82.5 million at Christie's, thus establishing a new price record.

1．What's the right order of Van Gogh's life experience?

a．worked as a teacher

b．took up drawing

c．worked in an art firm

d．worked as a missionary worker

A．c, a, b, d B．c, a, d, b

C．b, c, a, d D．b, a, c, d

答案及解析：

1．B。细节题。由第三段可知B项正确叙述了梵高的人生经历。

2．Which words can best describe Van Gogh's later years?

A．Sad and boring.

B．Normal and peaceful.

C．Happy but fruitless.

D．Painful but productive.

答案解析:D。推断题。根据文章可知，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病(serious mental illness)，而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判断他的晚年是“痛苦而又多产的”。

3．Why did Van Gogh kill himself?

A．Because he was a failure as an artist.

B．Because he had an unhappy family.

C．Because he lost his beloved brother.

D．Because he was suffering from mental illness.

答案解析:D。细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们，梵高晚年患有严重的精神疾病，第dg 段开头接着说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。

4．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Van Gogh didn't become famous until he died.

B．Van Gogh drew and sold many paintings in his life.

C．Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime.

D．Van Gogh drew most of his paintings between 1888 and 1890.

4．答案解析:A。推断题。结合最后一段开头The only painting he sold during his lifetime...和第三段结尾It would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher.可以判断梵高生前并不辉煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确。

本文是一篇对比文，特点是平行论述，没有主次之分，作者不发表态度和结论，一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨。

B

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(剧增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi?paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision.

Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.

The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause?and?effect conclusions. The impact of a wife's work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage.

But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family's standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family's financial and emotional stability.

Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.

Also, a major part of women's inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.

5. The word “portend” (line 2, para.1) is closest in meaning to“______”．

A. defy B. signal

C. suffer from D. result from

答案解析:B。词义题。根据句意不难理解portend是“预示”的意思。signal也有“显示”的意思；defy不服从，反抗；suffer from忍受，遭受；result from由……产生。

6. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides ______.

A. men would choose working women as their marriage partners

B. more women would get married to seek financial security

C. even working women would worry about their marriages

D. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being

6.答案解析: D。细节题。题干的the economy slides等于原文的economic downturns。第一段提到经济低迷时期人们倾向推迟婚姻，因为双方不能承担一个家庭或者担心更窘迫的日子。D符合原文意思。

7. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, ______.

A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners

B. their husbands are expected to do more housework

C. their marriage ties can be strengthened

D. they tend to put their career before marriage

答案解析： C。细节题。第三段最后一句可知选项C正确。

8. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that ______.

A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom

B. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands

C. they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations

D. they tend to suspect their husbands, loyalty to their marriage

8.答案解析： A。细节题。第三段第二句提到不能外出工作的妇女会感到被关在笼子里，相当于“they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom”“她们感到被剥夺了自由。”

9. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author's view in the passage?

A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.

B. Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.

C. In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent.

D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

9. 答案解析：D。主旨题。用排除法解题。A因果颠倒，排除；B文章从未提及；C以偏盖全；只有D，女性外出工作对婚姻的影响各不一样，这准确表达出文章的两种平行的相反观点。

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Ⅰ.单项填空

1．You’d better take something to read when you go to see the doctor________you have to wait.

A．even if B．as if

C．in case D．in order that

2．While in university，we were offered a number of after school activities to________our social skills.

A．create B．grow

C．develop D．settle

3．We can’t continue to pretend that the problem of homelessness doesn’t________in this city.

A．exist B．live

C．be D．survive

4．________you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.[来源:Z|xx|k.Com]

A．For B．Because

C．Even though D．Now that

5．—Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide?

—Of course.________，sir.

A．Make yourself at home B．Enjoy yourself

C．It doesn’t matter D．Take your time

6．Completely lost in the exciting________of the football match，Tom didn’t feel his pocket picked.

A．scene B．view

C．atmosphere D．sight

7．(2007年天津卷)He didn’t make________clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A．this B．that

C．it D．these

8．________he will offer us enough help doesn’t matter a lot to our success.

A．If B．Whether

C．Before D．How

9．I’m planning to hold a party in the open air，but I can make no guarantees because it________the weather.

A．links with B．depends on

C．connects to D．decides on

10．—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow；I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.

—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.

A．Go ahead B．Good luck

C．No problem D．Cheer up

11．Don’t talk about such a thing in the________of young children.

A．appearance B．surface

C．existence D．presence

12．Ten years ago，the population of our village was________that of theirs.

A．as twice large as B．twice as large as

C．twice as much as D．as twice much as

13．—Why does Mr Black look so sad this morning?

—I hear that a fire________in his house and lots of valuable things were burned last night.

A．broke into　 B．broke up

C．broke down D．broke out

14．I intended to catch the early train，but I didn’t get up______.

A．at a time B．at one time

C．in time D．in no time

15．The harm the modern farming methods have done________the countryside is considerable.

A．on B．to

C．at D．for

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2009年东北三校第二次联考，A)

It was Molly’s job to hand her father his brown paper lunch bag each morning before he headed off to work.

One morning，in addition to his usual lunch bag，Molly handed him a second paper bag.This one was worn and held together with staples (书钉)．

“Why two bags？” her father asked.“The other is something else，” Molly answered.“What’s in it？”“Just some stuff (东西)．Take it with you.”

Not wanting to discuss the matter，he put both sacks into his briefcase，kissed Molly and rushed off.At midday he opened Molly’s bag and took out the contents：two hair ribbons (丝带)，three small stones，a plastic dinosaur，a tiny sea shell，a small doll，and 13 pennies...The busy father smiled，finished eating，and swept the desk clean into the wastebasket，Molly’s stuff included.

That evening，Molly ran up behind him as he read the paper.“Where’s my bag？”“What bag？”“The one I gave you this morning.”“I left it at the office，my dear.”“I forgot to put this note in it，” she said.“And，besides，Daddy，the things in the sack are the things I really like.I thought you might like to play with them.You didn’t lose the bag，did you，Daddy？”“Oh，no，” he said，lying.“I just forgot to bring it home.I’ll bring it tomorrow.”While Molly hugged her father’s neck，he unfolded the note that read，“I love you，Daddy.” Molly had given him her treasures—all that a 7-year-old held dear.

Love was in a paper bag，and he missed it—not only missed it，but had thrown it in the wastebasket.So he went back to the office.Just ahead of the night janitor (看门人)，he picked up the bag from the wastebasket.He put the treasures inside and carried it home carefully.The bag didn’t look so good，but the stuff was all there and that’s what counted.

After dinner，he asked Molly to tell him about the stuff in the sack.It took a long time to tell.[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]

Everything had a story or a memory.

“Sometimes I think of all the great times in this sweet life.” he thought.We should all remember that it’s not the destination that counts in life，but the journey.That journey with the people we love is all that really matters.It is such a simple truth but it is so easily forgotten.

1．Why did Molly give her father a second bag?

A．She didn’t want to keep the things in the Bag.

B．She hoped those things would bring happiness to her father.

C．She wanted to remind her father of the stories behind the things.

D．She enjoyed playing with her father.

2．How did Father deal with the bag after he opened it?

A．He kept it in the drawer.

B．He took it back home.

C．He threw it into the wastebasket.

D．He put it on his table.

3．After Father heard what his daughter said，he felt________.

A．regretful B．surprised

C．sad D．satisfied

4．Which of the following is the most suitable title of the passage?

A．An Important Journey B．Two Bags

C．Father and Daughter D．Love in a Paper Bag

Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.Instead，realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.

The seeds and the power to grow them are contained in the human mind.Success is a choice but not a chance.You can be a success if only you make the right choice.

You cannot be successful without first developing yourself-esteem (自尊)．Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over your life.People with low self-esteem do not believe that they have any power，or responsibility for their lives.They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance brought about with any sudden change in the weather.

You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life.Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible.

Everything happens as a result of something.If we can identify the cause，we can control the effect.We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe.Thoughts and beliefs cause everything.Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits ingrained in us over a period of time.One generally rises to the level that one expects.We are responsible for setting our expectations.Our success depends upon our level of confidence.We are responsible for either reinforcing good habits or kicking bad habits and consciously replacing them with consistently practiced good habits.

If you associate with positive-thinking people，you are definitely going to achieve success.On the contrary，the opposite happens.We are responsible for finding，planting，and nurturing (培育) the seeds that contain future victory，born from setbacks.

In short，in all areas of your life，whether they are financial，physical，emotional，or spiritual，you are responsible.Once you recognize this，accept it，and firmly believe it，you are on the road to success.

5．Losers would think that________.

A．success is the result of hard work

B．working hard will lead to success

C．they fail only because of bad luck

D．they don’t make efforts to succeed

6．It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that________.[来源:Zxxk.Com]

A．whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes

B．developing confidence is the key to future success

C．thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind

D．setting our expectations is essential before taking action

7．The last paragraph serves as________.

A．the proof of the author’s point

B．the conclusion of the argument

C．an introduction to another topic

D．a comparison between two views[来源:学科网]

8．Which is the best title of the text?

A．Success is a choice B．The secrets of success

C．Develop our confidence D．How to achieve success

答案：

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．C　由句意“看医生时最好带点东西读，以防需要等”可知应用in case。in order that为了，even if即使及as if好像，均与语境不符，故选C。

2．C　develop表示“发展”。句意为：大学期间我们有许多课外活动来发展我们的社交技能。

3．A　exist表示“存在”。句意为：我们不能继续假装在我们城市没有无家可归的人的问题。live in居住，survive存活，都不合题意

4．D　考查连词的用法。句意为：既然你已获得了机会，就不防充分利用。for是并列连词，用来补充说明理由，不能放在句首。because语气最强，表直接原因。even though表示“即使”，不合句意。now that说明已成为事实的理由，常译为“既然”，相当于since。

5．D　考查交际用语。句意为：——我能看一会儿菜单后再作决定吗？——当然可以，先生，你慢慢看。take one’s time表示“慢慢来，别着急”，根据句意应选D。

6．C　atmosphere表示“氛围、气氛”。句意为：由于完全沉醉在足球赛的令人兴奋的氛围中，汤姆全然不知有人掏他的口袋。其他选项无此意。

7．C　句意为：他没说清楚会议将于何时、何地举行。依题干句式结构，make后缺形式宾语。四个选项中只有C项it能在句子中作形式主语或宾语。

8．B　whether连词“是否”，引导主语从句，不作成分，if不能引导主语从句。

9．B　本题考查动词短语。link with联系着；depend on依赖；connect to连接；decide on决定。由题意不难推出答案为B。句意为：我计划举行一次露天聚会，但是我不敢保证，因为这要取决于天气。

10．D　本题考查交际用语。go ahead用吧，拿吧，请吧，一般用于回答允许别人做某事；good luck祝你好运；no problem没问题，都与题意不符。cheer up用于鼓励别人，意为“加油，打起精神”。句意为：“我在想明天的考试，我很担心这次通过不了。”“打起精神，我相信你一定行的。”

11．D　句意为：不要当着小孩子的面谈论这样的问题。appearance出现；surface表面；existence存在；in the presence of sb.当着某人的面。

12．B　句意为：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as...。

13．D　考查短语辨析。break out爆发。break into破门而入；break up分裂；break down损坏。

14．C　考查短语辨析。in time及时。句意为：我本来打算赶早班的火车，但是我没能及时起床。

15．B　do harm to sb./sth.为固定短语，意为“对……有害”，且“the modern farming...countryside”为定语从句修饰harm。

。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

1．B　根据文章第五段可知，小女孩以为自己喜欢的那些东西，父亲一定也喜欢，并会给他带来快乐。

2．C　根据第四段最后一句可知，父亲将女儿的东西丢进了废纸篓。

3．A　由第六段可知，父亲很后悔自己轻率的行为。

4．D　小女孩将自己心爱的东西装在纸袋里，希望它能给父亲带来快乐，其实她是将自己对父亲的爱装在纸袋里面了。

5．C　推理判断题。根据文章的第四段可知，失败者总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的，因此他们会把自己的失败归因于时运不济。

6．A　推理判断题。第五段讲述成功的秘诀：人们的思想和信念决定一切。走向成功需要对自己充满期望和自信。

7．B　最后一段开头的短语In short暗示本段为文章的结论部分。

8．A　主旨大意题。本文围绕一个中心来写“成功是你我的选择”。

高一英语必修三导学案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“高一英语必修三导学案 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars”，仅供参考，希望能为您提供参考！

高一英语必修三导学案Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars班级姓名小组语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1.loudly/loud/aloudloudlyadv响亮地，高声地loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用aloudadv相对默读而言；出声根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Willyoupleasespeak______?2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3).Thebombexploded______.4).Ishervoice______enough?5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder2.unlike/dislikeunlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike3.remain/leaveremainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone4.climate/weatherclimate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本

3.developmentn.生长，发

展；新情况

developvt.发展；产生

vi.生长；发展

developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的

4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---laying

lievi.躺，平放；位于

lie---lay---lain---lying

lien.lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development

5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的[典例]1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)[典例]1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?[重点用法]lay短语：layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.in2).existonto3).existence5.puzzlevt.on3).cheeringⅣ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先[典例]Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。[重点用法]begin/startwith从……开始begin/startsthwith从……开始……[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1).He______hisspeech______apoem.2).Hisspeech____________apoem.3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith2.intime及时；最终；迟早[典例]1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。[短语归纳]time短语：intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime(钟表)走得准keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准takeone’stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了[练习]用time短语填空。1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.4)._____________________willIgiveup.5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着[典例]Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。[短语归纳]turn短语：inturn轮流；一个接着一个byturns轮流；一阵……一阵……taketurns(todosth.)轮流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。1).Shewenthotandcold______________.2).我们轮流着开车。____________________________________________________________________________________3).今天轮到谁发言了？____________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事[典例]Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止这种疾病的蔓延).2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.3).警察阻止他们携带武器。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.5.blockout挡住（光线）[典例]Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。[短语归纳]out短语：breakout爆发，发生burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来goout外出；过时；(灯)熄putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，发现pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout挂出，闲逛knockedout(拳击中)击倒，打昏sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销turnout结果证明是runout(of)用完，耗尽checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去handout分发，散发giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)[练习]用out短语填空。1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张[典例]Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。[短语归纳]off短语：getoff下车falloff从……摔下来takeoff脱下；起飞keepoff远离turnoff关闭payoff付清，还清set...off给……送行kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下giveoff散发showoff炫耀shutoff关闭[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译。1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发[典例]Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。[短语归纳]break短语：breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败breakup打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止；中断；折断breakintosth.强行进入某处breakone’sword/promise食言；说话不算数[练习]用break短语填空。1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防[典例]Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。[重点用法]watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保护；照看[练习]用watch短语填空。1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchoutⅤ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。[解释]“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)2).Theworstisstill____________(come).3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.4).这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。[解释]此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).We________________________(规定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2).I__________________(发现很难)togetalongwithhim．3).他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4).我觉得我有责任帮助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。[解释]twiceas...as...“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。[解释]twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1).这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。__________________________________________________________________________________________2).到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas课文要点（模块）Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大气层）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodⅡ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语，短文解释了生命如何在地球上开始的。首先，地球爆炸和产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物和动物，包括人类逐渐在地球上出现。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[模仿要点]句子结构：what＋主语从句＋is…till+时间名词＋定语从句他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[模仿要点]句子结构:主语从句＋is＋that表语从句他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[模仿要点]句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.单元自测（模块）1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：196完成时间：14分钟难度：***Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保证)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick答案：文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。1.D通读全文可知“不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机会或者动力)。根据此意需要选D项2.D根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。3.A海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了/学会了要用learn表达。4.B从第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)当中。5.C即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster)。6.C这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simplywasted)。7.A他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写作并且取得成功可以看出来。8.A忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak与thebest相对。9.B朋友鼓励他要乐观(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence与optimism并列，表达相近的意思。10.C从前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈祷问题会减少，而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)来应对这些挑战。不是寻找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。字数：143完成时间：8分钟难度：***OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.答案：1．hadcome考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：2．Coming考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth．的结构：3．with介词，"有，具有"：4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：5．Before时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：6．andand连接ranup...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。9．wasbuying过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：10．a表一份奖品：3.信息匹配阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息：SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.SectionB:Sports2)你赞成哪一种学习方式，合作学习还是单独学习?3)你以前采取什么学习方式，比较你先后采取两种学习方式上的变化及不同结果。[写作要求]1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。[写作辅导]1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：热情enthusiasm,合作学习studyingroups，单独学习studyalone。2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.

3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，属于评论性文字，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。但你以前采取何种学习方式属于经历，必须使用一般过去时态。

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：TheBestWaytoLearnInMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.

高三英语教案：《the way》教学设计

在the way+从句中, the way 是先行词, 其后是定语从句.它有三种表达形式:1) the way+that 2)the way+ in which 3)the way + 从句(省略了that或in which),在通常情况下, 用in which 引导的定语从句最为正式,用that的次之,而省略了关系代词that 或 in which 的, 反而显得更自然,最为常用.如下面三句话所示,其意义相同.

I like the way in which he talks.

I like the way that he talks.

I like the way he talks.

另外，在当代美国英语中,the way用作为副词的对格,"the way+从句"实际上相当于一个状语从句来修饰全句. 关键是看引导词在从句中做什么成分：如果作主语或宾语，那就是定语从句；如果作状语，就是方式状语从句

1. the way=as

I'm talking to you just the way I'd talk to a boy of my own.

我和你说话就象和自己孩子说话一样.

He did not do it the way his friend did.

他没有象他朋友那样去做此事.

2. the way=according to the way/judging from the way

The way you answer the questions, you must be an excellent student.

从你回答就知道,你是一个优秀的学生.

3. the way=how/how much

I know where you are from by the way you pronounce my name.

从你叫我名字的音调中,我知道你哪里人.

4. the way=because

No wonder that girl looks down upon me, the way you encourage her.

难怪那姑娘看不起我, 原来是你怂恿的

5. the way =while/when(表示对比)

From that day on, they walked into the classroom carrying defeat on their shoulders the way other students carried textbooks under their arms.

从那天起,其他同学是夹着书本来上课,而他们却带着"失败"的思想负担来上课.

6."the way+从句"还常用作主语,宾语,表语,或宾语补足语

Words are important, but the way a person stands, folds his or her arms or moves his or her hands can also give us information about his or her feelings.

言语固然重要,但人的站姿,抱臂的方式和手势也回告诉我们他(她)的情感.

7. the way=the manner in which 在句中作主语

That was the way minority nationalities were treated in old China.

那就是少数民族在旧中国如何被对待的情况.

8. the way=how 在句中做表语

I hate the way she stared at me .

我讨厌她盯我看的样子.

9. the way=the manner in which在句中作宾语

what made him the way he was?

他怎么会弄成这样子的?

10. the way =that which/those which在句中作宾语补足语

"the way+从句"也常作为状语,相当与"in any way(that or in which)+从句或in any manner in which +从句", 其含义是"不管/不论用什么方式".

Do it anyway you like .

你爱怎么干就怎么干

Unit One

1. It is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all social problems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.

2. As tome goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affaires. And conflicts are sure to occur because there always exist different views and interests among nations.

3. We are proud of our accomplishment, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.

4. Information is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library.

5. That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres.

6. These think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers.

7. The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved.

8. Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water, a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.

9. Give absolute power to any individuals or any particular group of people, and that person or group is sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”

10. Traditionally in our country, school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits.

Unit 2

1.You know what? All things considered, it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact, I think it is an excellent idea.

2.I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did. You seem to be implying all the time I am a good-for-nothing.

3.It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me. I must say I am very luck. Not many people have such a terrific father.

4.You said you do not want any money. You may not want money, but you do need money. I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.

5.Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In any case, it is a Russian folk song.

6.Besides the usual weekend housework, I also have a whole pile of homework to do tomorrow. It is really terrible.

7.To demonstrate our unhappiness over the recent dispute, we put off our Foreign Minister’s visit indefinitely.

8.It’s getting dark. The next town is still two hours’ drive away. We might as well camp in the forest, pitch a tent, build a fire, and have a good sleep before we continue our journey tomorrow.

9.I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful. Isn’t that the most shameful thing that we have been incapable of feeling ashamed?

Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars教案设计

Unit4Astronomy：Thescienceofthestars
1.spread
vt.散布;扩大;延伸
Thebirdspreaditswings.那只鸟展开了翅膀。
Fliesspreaddisease.苍蝇传播疾病。
常用结构:
spreadsth.withsth.用……抹/涂/铺……
spread...on...把……抹/涂/铺在……
bespreadfor摆好（桌子）准备
spreadoneself[口]舒展四肢(躺下)
spreadout张开，伸开，铺开，展开，伸长
高手过招
单项填空
PapermakingbeganinChinaandtoEurope.
(2009•12•河南郑州检测)
A.SpreadB.grew
C.CarriedD.developed
解析:选A。句意为：造纸术起源于中国，又传播到了欧洲。spread传播。
2.method
n.方法
Hehasintroducedanewmethodofteaching.
他引进了一种新的教学方法。
Whatisthemosteffectivemethodofbirthcontrol?
控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？
联想拓展
bythismeans=inthisway=withthismethod
用这种方法
易混辨析
method/means
method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。
anewteachingmethod一种新的教学方法
means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。
高手过招
选词填空(method/means)（原创）
①Thequickestoftravelisbyplane.
②Shehasaveryscientificofdealingwithpoliticalproblems.
答案：①means②method
3.harmful
adj.有害的
常用结构:
dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害
meannoharm无意伤害别人;没有恶意
harmone’simage/reputation损害某人的形象/名声
domoreharmthangood弊大于利
Thereisnoharmin(sb.?s)doingsth.
=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事无害处
beharmfulto对……有害
harmn.充满了……
inmass全部,全体;整个地
inthemass总体上;总的说来
the(great)massof大多数,大部分
massesofsth.大量的东西
高手过招
单项填空
Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetookpicturesofthem.
(2009•12•安徽合肥检测)
A.manyofB.massesof
C.thenumberofD.alargeamountof
解析:选B。句意为：年轻的舞蹈家们穿着美丽的衣服看起来很迷人，因此我们给他们拍了许多照片。massesof=lotsof，后跟复数名词。
5.pull
v.拉，拖，拔；移动
n.拉，拖；牵(引)力
YoupushandI?llpull.
你来推，我来拉。
Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.
我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
常用结构:
pullahead(ofsb./sth.)领先于（某人/物）
pull(sb.)back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）
pulltogether同心协力；通力合作
高手过招
用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas.
②Heagunandaimedatthecriminal.
③Solongaswe,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
答案：①pullingout②pulledout③pulltogether
6.cheer
vt.on③cheering
7.puzzle
vt.in②existon③existence
重点短语
9.intime意为“及时”时相当于earlyenough,soonenough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于soonerorlater。
Wegottothestationjustintimetocatchthebus.
=Wegottothestationjustintimeforthebus.
我们到达车站时，刚好赶上了那班汽车。
Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.
医生及时赶来救了她的命。
You?llsucceedintimeifyoukeeponworkinghard.
假若坚持努力下去，你迟早会成功的。
联想拓展
beintimeforsth./beintimetodosth.
对于某事是及时的/及时做某事
aheadoftime提前；提早
allthetime一直；始终
atonetime曾经；一度
atatime一次
attimes有时
atthesametime同时；然而；可是
fromtimetotime不时；偶尔
innotime立刻；马上
takeone?stime不急，慢慢来
timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再
高手过招
单项填空
—IwasdisappointedintimewhenIdidn’tpasstheexaminations.
—Don’tbesodiscouraged.You’llbesuccessfulin
time.(2009•12•河南平顶山检测)
A./;/B.a;aC./;aD.a;/
解析:选D。句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用inatime。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用intime。
10.prevent...from
阻止；制止
Theheavyrainpreventedusfromgoingthere.
这场大雨使我们没能到那里去。
易混辨析
prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent,stop,keep与protect四者的常见结构为：
prevent...(from)doingsth.；stop...(from)doingsth.；keep...fromdoingsth.;均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略;而keep...from...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，
protect...from...表示“保护……不受……侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
Thisplanwillbekeptfrombeingcarriedout.
这个计划将被阻止实施。
高手过招
单项填空
Somepolicemenshouldbesenttothemthetrees.
（原创）
A.prevent;tocutdownB.stop;cuttingdown
C.keep;tocutdownD.keep;cuttingdown
解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事,其中keep...fromdoingsth.中的from不可省略。故选B。
11.breakout
突发；爆发（无被动语态）
Troublemaybreakoutatanymoment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。
Whendidthewarbreakout?战争什么时候爆发的？
Itwasatmidnightthatafirebrokeout.
在午夜时分发生了一起大火。
联想拓展
breakawayfrom脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）
breakdown出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉
breakin破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等
breakinto破门而入；突然……起来
breakoff折断；突然中止；断绝；结束
breakthrough突破
breakup敲碎；放假；散会
易混辨析
comeabout/happen/takeplace/breakout/occur
comeabout发生，相当于happen,takeplace。后面不可以接宾语，也不可以使用被动语态。
happen强调偶然发生。
takeplace指按计划、安排发生；举行
breakout多用于指战争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。
occur常用于句式：sth.occurstosb.某事发生在某人身上。
高手过招
用break相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①AterribletsunamiinthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
②WhendoyouforChristmas?
③Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave.
④Hishousewaslastweek.
答案：①brokeout②breakup③brokendown④brokeninto
12.blockout
挡住（光线）
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
联想拓展
burstout大声喊叫;突然……起来
goout外出；过时；熄(灯)
putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产
comeout出现，显露；出版;结果是
helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lookout留神；注意
watchout注意；提防；向外看
findout找出，查明，发现
pickout挑出;辨认出，分辨出
speakout大声地说;大胆地说
thinkout仔细思考(某事)；想出（主意等）
hangout挂出;闲逛
knockout(拳)击中，击倒，打昏
sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销
turnout结果证明是
runout(of)用完，耗尽
checkout结账离去，办妥手续离去
giveout分发（试卷等）；发出（光、热等）；用尽；耗完；筋疲力尽
高手过招
用out相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）
①Attheendoftheracehislegsandhecollapsedontheground.
②It’seasytohiminacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
③Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.
④Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;ittobeafineday.
⑤Weof/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
答案：①gaveout②pick;out③comeout④turnedout⑤checkedout
13.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。
Whatitwastobecome...是what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的宾语。
Whatsurprisedeverybodywasthathedidn’tcometothemeeting.
使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。
Whathedidaddedtoourdifficulty.
他所做的增加了我们的困难。
“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。
Whenaretheytohandintheirplan?
他们的计划什么时候交上来？
YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.
你得做完了作业才能看电视。
联想拓展
“be+to”还可以表示以下含义：
表示可能性，相当于can,主要用于疑问句和否定句。表示命令，意为“必须，不得不”，意思等同于must,haveto，表示假设。表示“命运注定……”，通常用于过去时。
HowamItoknowwhathasbecomeofhim?
我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？
CertainskillsmustbelearnedifoneistouseEnglishwell.
如果想要用好英语，某些技巧是必须学的。
Hewasnevertoseehiswifeagain.
他注定再也见不到他妻子了。
Werewetoofferyoumoremoney,wouldyoustay?
如果我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？
高手过招
单项填空
Indryweathertheflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.（原创）
A.havesurvivedB.aretosurvive
C.wouldsurviveD.willsurvive
解析:选B。考查真实条件句。aretosurvive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。
14.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twiceas...as...是……的两倍
联想拓展
英语中的倍数表达法：
倍数+as+adj./adv.+as是……的几倍
倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+than比……(多/大)几倍
倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,width,depth等。
Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.
=Thisruleristwicelongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.
这把尺子是那把的三倍长。
Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.
到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
高手过招
(1)翻译句子（原创）
这个房子是那个的三倍大。
(2)完成句子
到的客人是我们预计的两倍。
Thereareweexpected.
答案：(1)Thishouseisthreetimesasbigasthatone./Thishouseistwicebiggerthanthatone./Thishouseisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.
(2)twiceasmanyguestsas

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