Unit2GettingAlong
一.本周教学内容:
Unit2GettingAlong.Lesson1
二.重点、难点:
单词:
语音:
语法:直接引语与间接引语的转换:
一、如何变人称:
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:
Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:
HesaidtoKate.“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr.Smithsaid。“Jackisagoodworker。”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:
1)Shesaid.“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen
2)Shesaid.“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
3)Shesaid.“Hewillgotoseehisfriend。”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.
→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jacksaid.“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”
→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”
→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:
Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could,should,would,might)不再变。如:
Petersaid.“Youhadbettercomeheretoday.”→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。
三、如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then,yesterday。变为thedaybefore)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this改为that),如:
Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:
Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John?”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.
“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou?”mymotherasked.
→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.
“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”
→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型。
祈使句变为间接引语的规律
一改(主句谓语动词)二变(呼语为间接宾语)三加(to)四去(please)如:
“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.
→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.
“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词(或从句)。”如:
Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
直接引语变间接引语
(1)引语里的人称变化规律七字诀:一主,二宾,三不变。
直接引语变间接引语,在去掉引号后,凡引号内的第一人称应改成引号外主语的人称。第二人称应改成引号外的宾语的人称。第三人称则保留不变。但应注意不能改变原人称的数和格。单、复数和主格、宾格、所有格仍应与原人称一致,这一原则又叫只变人称不变数和格。如:Shesaid,“Ihavetolookaftermybrotherathome.”Shesaidthatshehadtolookafterherbrotherathome.引号内的I应与引号外主语she保持一致,应改成she。引号内的my应与引号外主语she保持一致,但应改成所有格her。
(2)直接引语变间接引语口诀:
1)当直接引语为陈述句时,变成间接引语的口诀是:
去掉引号加that,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。如:
Hesaid,“Mybrotherdoesn’twanttogothere.”
Hesaidthathisbrotherdidn’twanttogothere.
2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时,变成间接引语的口诀是:
直接去引号,陈述莫忘掉,小心助动词,丢它最重要。如:
Heaskedme:“Doyoulikelivinghere?”HeaskedmeifIlikedlivingthere.
3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语的口诀是:
直接去引号,疑问词作引导,语序用陈述,时态、人称考虑好。如:
“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.
Unit3Languageinuse
Teachingobjectives:
1.Tocheckandpracticethewordsinthismodule.
2.Toreviewtheusefulsentencesandexpressions.
3.Toreviewthegrammar.Teachingpoints:
1.Keyexpressions:---Thankyouforyourhelpwithourhomework.
I’velearnttheimportanceoffriendship.
2.Difficultpoints:theusageofsomeadj.
Teachingaids:taperecorder,OHP,handouts
Teachingprocedure:
Step1.Revision
RevisethewordsandexpressionsinUnit1and2.
Step2.Presentation
1.Askthestudentstoreadtheimportantsentencesinthismodule.
2.Completetheconversation.JointhewordsinBoxAwiththoseinBoxB.
Thenchecktheanswers.
3.Completethefollowingsentences,usingthecorrectformofthewords.
Step3.Lookatthepictureanddiscussthequestions.Askthestudentstoworkinpairsandtalkaboutthequestions.
Step4.Listenandreadthepassage
1.listentothetape.
2.Matchthephotosandtheparagraphs.
1)Askthestudentstoreadthepassageagain.
2)Matchthephotoswiththeparagraphs.
3)Choosethebestanswerstothequestions.
Step5.Aroundtheworld
Makestudentsreadthenotesandunderstandthemeaningofit.
Step6.Homework
1.Translatesomesentences.
2.Writeplansforyourfuture.
Unit7GarageSale
预习导学
学习本单元需掌握的重点知识
单词(四会要求)
glove,towel,toothbrush,toothpaste,scarf,trousers,jeans,silk,shorts,overcoat,handbag,sweets,soap,cooker,record,chopsticks,fair,gift,clothing,kind,taste,sour,perfect,dollar,fit,granddaughter,copy,match,dressing,expensive,tight,various,useless,camp,tool,silver,spoon,setup,place,clothesline,clothes,carry,category,money,specify,price,grandson,cent,anyway,plate,pancake,place.
短语:
1.darkblue
2.lightbrown
3.gowith
4.onMondaymorning
5.callMike’smomthroughthecarwindow
6.garagesale
7.collectvariousthings
8.setupthetable
9.beuselesstothem
10.prettyearlytomorrow
11.stringupaclothesline
12.divide…into
13.specifytheprice
14.pickup
15.grinatsb.
16.payfor
猜一猜下列单词的中文意思,并试着用英文解释一下。同学们要加油哟!
bargain
change
save
place
pretty
force
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