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九年级英语Unit10
1.过去完成时
(1)构成：由助动词had+过去分词构成
否定式：hadnot+过去分词缩写形式：hadn’t
(2)用法
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了
的动作。
(3)它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
WhenIgotthere,youhadalreadyeatenyoumeal.
当我到达那里时，你已经开始吃了。
Bythetimehegothere,thebushadleft.
到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了
2.bythetime直到…时候
指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间如：
Bythetimewegottohishouse,hehadfinishedsupper.
在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。
3.英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用leave+地点
而不是forget+地点如：Unluckily,Ileftmybookathome
.不幸的是，我把书忘在家里了。
4.closev.关adv.接近地靠近地closedadj.关的
5.comeout出来
6.ontime按时准时既不早也不迟intime及时指在时限到来之前
7.luckilyadv.幸运地luckyadj.幸运的luckn.好运
8.givesb.aride让某搭便车如：
Heoftengivesmearidetoschool.他经常让我搭便车去学校。
9.onlyjust刚刚好、恰好
10.gooff(闹钟)闹响Thealarmwentoffjustnow.刚才警钟响了。
11.breakdown坏掉
12.fooln.傻子呆子v.愚弄欺骗如：
Heisafool.他是一个呆子。
Wecan’tfoolourteach.我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)
13.showup出现出席Shedidn’tshowuplastnight.昨晚她没有出现
14.invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某做事如：
MyfriendinvitedmetowatchTV.我的朋友邀请我看电视。
15.setoff激起出发setup建立
16.①so…that如此…以致于
引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.
②sothat作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词，
作结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词。
如：Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthebus.
为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
Shewassosadthatshecouldn’tsayaword.
她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)
17.fleefrom从…逃跑避开如：
Theyfledfromtheirhome.他们从他们的家里逃了出来。
18.thrillv.使人非常激动，使人非常紧张
thrilledadj.指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrillingadj.指某事物使人心情激动
19.getmarried结婚
20.convincev.使信服convincingadj.令人信服的
21.landv.着落
22.belatefor迟到
23.apieceof一片/块/张如：apieceofpaper/bread
一张纸/一块面包

相关知识

Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

一．学习目标（LanguageGoal）

1．Learntonarratepastevents．学会描述过去所发生的事情。

2．LearntoexpresssomethingwithPastPerfectTense.学习使用过去完成时态。

3．Strengthentheconsciousnessofdoingthingsregularly．做事加强连续性，有条不紊。

二．语言结构（LanguageStructures）

1．PastperfectTense过去完成时

2．“Bythetime”和“when”引导的时间状语从句

三．目标语言（Targetlanguage）

1．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

2．Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone

3．Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching．

4．Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome

5．Haveyoueveroverslept?

6．Haveyoueverbeenlateforschool?

四．重点词组（Keyphrases）

1．bythetime到…时候为止

2．getoutside到外边

3．gettoschool到学校

4．getup起床

5．getintotheshower去洗澡

6．gethome到家

7．startdoing/todosth开始做某事

8．belatefor迟到

9．gooff（闹钟）闹响

10．wakeup醒来

11．comeout出来，出现

12．runoff迅速离开，跑掉

13．ontime准时

14．intime及时

15．comeby（走）过来

16．givesbaride让某人搭车

17．breakdown损坏，坏掉

18．showup出席，露面

19．stayup熬夜

20．acostumeparty一个化装舞会

21．sthhappentosb某事发生在某人身上

22．so…that…如此…以至于

23．setoff出发，开始

24．AprilFoolsDay愚人节

25．getmarried结婚

26．marrysb与某人结婚

27．both…and…二者…都…

28．getdressed穿好衣服

29．onthefirstday在第一天

五．语法重点（GrammarFocus）

1．PastperfectTense过去完成时

构成：had＋过去分词（had没有人称和数的变化）

过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。

eg．Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper．

我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

句中的supper既是过去某一时间，而hadfinished这一动作就是在supper之前完成的。如果只说Ihadfinishedmyhomework．听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。

eg．BytheendofthatyearHenryhadcollectedmorethanonethousandforeignstamps．

到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是theendofthatyear）

eg．Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted．

当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是when从句）

动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加－ed，特殊动词须特殊记忆，如：have—had—had，get—got—gotten，begin—began—begun，leave—left—left，go—went—gone等。例如：

Shehadlearnt2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth．

到上个月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。

IhadntlearntJapanesebeforeIwenttoJapan．

我去日本之前没学过日语。

注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。

2．when和bythetime引导的时间状语从句

bythetime到……时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。when当……时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。

eg．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。

Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone

到她走到外面的时候，公共汽车已经走了。

Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome

当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。

（在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。）

3．Howtonarratepastevents．如何描述过去的事件

描述过去的事件，首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去，因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语（如在双引号“”之内），则根据当时的情况来决定。

表示过去的时态有：

（1）一般过去时：结构：动词的过去式

（2）过去进行时：结构：was/were＋现在分词

（3）过去完成时：结构：had＋过去分词

（4）过去将来时：结构：would＋动词原形

请看例文1：

ItwasSunday．Iwenttoapooltofish．Ithoughttheremustbesomefishformetocatch．Iheldmyfishingpole,waitingpatiently．Suddentlyabigfishwascaught．Iwasgladandputitintomylittlebasket．BeforelongmysistercameWithoutawordsheputbackthefishintothewater．Iwasastonished．Ireallythoughtshebecamemad．Sheorderedmetoputdownthefishingpoleandledmetoaplacenotfaraway．Therestoodasign,reading”Nofishing”．IrealizedthatIwasmakingamistake

（注意观察文中时态的应用）

例2：请大声朗读SectionA3a，并找出其中用到的时态。

六．疑难解析（KeyPoints）

1．getto意为“到达”。例如：

Whendidyougettherelastnight?

你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？

Igethomeat7:00everyday．

我每天7:00到家。

WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun．

我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。

辨析：get,arrive与reach

这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。

（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即getto＋地点名词，arrivein/at＋地点名词（in之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：

Howdidyouget/arrivethere?

你怎么到那儿的？

Igotto/arrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday．

我前天到的北京。

Whendoyouoftengetto/arriveatschool?

你经常什么时候到校？

Whenwillyouarrive?

你什么时候到？

（2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：

IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday．

我前天到的北京。

Wereachedhereonfoot．

我们步行到这儿的。

2．关于get的词组小结

在本单元出现大量关于get的词组，要注意背诵：

gettoschool到学校

getintotheshower去洗澡

getoutside到外边

gethome到家

getup起床

getmarried结婚

getdressed穿好衣服

gettoclass到班级

getbored变得无聊

gettired变得疲劳

3．Iveneverbeenlateforschool,butyesterdayIcameveryclose

我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。

（1）Ive是Ihave的缩写，havebeenlate是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have/has＋动词过去分词。例如：

Ihavebeenheresince1999．

自1999年以来我就在这儿。

WehavelivedinJinanfor20years．

我们已经在济南住了20年了。

Shehasntworkedfor2years．

她已2年不工作了。

（2）belatefor意为“……迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：

Dontbelateforthemeeting．

开会别迟到了。

Jimwaslateforschoolagain．

吉姆上学又迟到了。

Tomhasbeenlateforclassestwice.

汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。

（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外cameveryclose意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

4．Myalarmclockdidntgooff,…闹钟没有大响……

gooff意为“爆发，大响”。例如：

Althoughthealarmclockwentoff,hedidntwakeup．虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。

与go有关的词组还有：

（1）goinfor“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：

Shegoesinforbird－watching．她爱好赏鸟。

（2）goon“进行，继续”。例如：

Pleasegoon．请继续。

（3）goondoingsth或goonwithsth“继续做……”。例如：

Hewentonworkingwithouthavingarest．

他一直工作，没停下来休息过。

（4）goover“调查，视察；越过”。例如：

Youmustgooveryourlessonsbeforetheexam．

考试前你必须复习。

5．…andIhadtowaitforhimtocomeout．……我不得不等他出来。

（1）haveto意为“必须，不得不”。例如：

Doyouhavetotakethetest?

你必须考试吗？

TomhastopracticespeakingChineseeveryday．

汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。

辨析：haveto与must

这两个词都可以表示“必须”。haveto更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有haveto的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：

Itisraining,wehavetostayathome.

天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。

Wemustworkhard．

我们必须努力工作。

Lucydoesnthavetostand．

露茜不必站着。

Youmustntplayinthestreet．

你不能在街道上玩。

（2）wait是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组waitforsb．“等某人”，waittodosth．“等着做某事”，waitforsbtodosth．“等某人做某事”。例如：

Whoareyouwaitingfor?

你在等谁？

Theycantwaittoopenthepresents．

他们迫不及待地打开礼物。

Youcanwaitforhimtohelpyou．

你可以等着他帮你。

6．Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft．

不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。

unfortunately是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）－unlucky（不幸的），use（用）－useful（有用的），forget（忘记）－forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）－unfit（不合适的），fair（公平的）－unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）－unknown（不闻名的）等。

7．Luckily,myfriendTonyandhisDadcamebyinhisDadscarandtheygavemearide.

幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。

（1）comeby意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：

Pleaseletthecarcomeby．

请让车过去。

Goodjobsarenoteasytocomeby．

好工作不容易找到。

与come有关的其他词组：

1comeout”出来；开花；出版”。例如：

Themoonhascomeout．

月亮出来了。

Itstoocoldfortheflowerstocomeout．

天太冷了，花不开了。

2comeabout”发生，产生”。例如：

Tellmehowtheaccidentcameabout．

告诉我事情是怎么发生的。

3comeacross“（偶然）发现……，遇见……”。例如：

Icameacrosshisnameonthelist．

我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。

4comeafter”继……之后，接……而来”。例如：

SundaycomesafterSaturday．

星期天在星期六之后。

5comeback”回来”。例如：

Whendidhecomeback?

他什么时候回来的？

6cometooneself”苏醒，醒过来”。例如：

Atlast,hecametohimself．

最后他醒了。

7comefrom”来自”。例如：

JuliacomesfromAustralia．

朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

（2）givesbaride意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。getaride意为“搭便车”。例如：

Canyougivemearide,Jack?

杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？

Iwanttogetaride.

我想搭个便车。

8．Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass．我恰好到教室。

makeit意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：

－Haveyougotthejob?

－你得到那份工作了吗？

－Yes,Imadeit．

－是的，我成功了。

9．Haveyoueverforgottentobringyourhomeworktoschool?

你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？

（1）辨析：forgettodo与forgetdoing

forgettodo指的是“忘了去做……”，即该事还未做；而forgetdoing则指“忘了做了……”，即该事已经做完。例如：

Dontforgettoturnofflightswhenyougoout．

出去时别忘了关灯。

Sorry,Iforgottobringthebooksagain．

对不起，我又忘了带书来了。

Lucyforgotlockingthedoor．

露茜忘了已锁了门了。

TomforgotturningoffTV．

汤姆忘了关了电视了。

（2）辨析：bring,take

bring意为“把……拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take意为“把……拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：

PleasebringmyEnglishbookhere.

请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。

Youcanttakethesemagazineshome.

你不能把这些杂志拿回家。

10．WhathappenedtoDavidonAprilFoolsDay?

愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？

（1）happentosb意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。例如：

Whathappenedtoyou?

你怎么了？

WhathappenedtoJim?

吉姆出什么事了？

（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：

1表示“在……节”用介词on；

2表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；

3用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；

4一般用复数名词的所有格，如：TeachersDay教师节，ChildrensDay儿童节，WomensDay妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：MothersDay母亲节，FathersDay父亲节等。例如：

DoyouoftengotoparksonChildrensDay?

你们儿童节经常去公园吗？

WhatdoyouusuallydoonNewYearsDay?

新年你们通常干什么？

DoyourfriendsplayjokesonyouonAprilFoolsDay?

你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？

11．Welleswassoconvincingthathundredsofpeoplebelievedthestory,andpanicsetoffacrossthewholecountry．

Welles是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。

（1）So…that…句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”

eg．Thisbookissointerestingthateveryoneinourclasswantstoreadit．

这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so＋形容词）

HeransofastthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim．

他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so＋副词）

So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。

eg．Itwassodarkthathecouldntseethefacesofhiscompanions．

天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。

（2）sothat主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。

eg．Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveintime

他们早早地出发以便按时到达。

Letstakethefrontseatssothatwemayseemoreclearly．

我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。

（3）setoff意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：

Theyllsetoffonajourneyaroundtheworld．

他们将要出发环球旅行。

Useblueeye－shadowtosetoffyourgreeneyes．

用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。

与set有关的其他词组：

1setaboutsth．“开始，着手”。例如：

Imustsetaboutmypacking．

我必须开始收拾行装了。

2setsb．againstsb．“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如：

Setyourselfagainsther．

跟她竞争。

3setin”开始”。例如：

Therainyseasonhassetin．

雨季已开始了。

4setout”出发，启程”。setsthout”展示，陈列”。例如：

Theysetoutatdawn．

他们在拂晓出发。

Hesetsouthisideasclearlyinhisessay．

他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。

5setup”建立，设立”。例如：

Thememorialwillbesetup．

纪念碑要建成了。

12．…becausethespaghettifarmersinItalyhadstoppedgrowingspaghetti．

……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。

辨析：stopdoing与stoptodo

stopdoing指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stoptodo则是指“停下来去做”，即停下来的目的是去做，也就是开始做。例如：

Stoptalking,letsbeginourclass．

不要讲话了，我们开始上课。

Youaretoofatandyoumuststopeatingtoomuch．

你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。

Pleasestoptolistentome

请停下来听我说。

Themotherstoppedtolookafterherbaby．

那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

13．Shewasthrilled,becauseshereallywantedtogetmarried．

她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。

（1）thrill为动词“震颤，使激动”，多用于被动语态bethrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如：

Wewerethrilledwithjoy．

我们高兴极了。

Shethrilledatthegoodnews．

她听到那个好消息很兴奋。

（2）want在此为动词“想，想要”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式todo。例如：

Doyouwantanice－cream?

你想要个冰激凌吗？

Iwantsomebreadandmilk．

我想要些面包和牛奶。

TomwantstolearntoplayChinesechess．

汤姆想学下中国象棋。

DoesLucywantstolearntodance?

露茜想学跳舞吗？

（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marrysb。

另外，词组getmarried意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。bemarried也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如：

JohnisgoingtomarryJane

约翰要和简结婚了。

Henrydidntmarryuntilhewasoverfifty．

亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。

Whenareyougoingtogetmarried?

你准备什么时候结婚？

Wehavebeenmarriedfortenyears．

我们已经结婚十年了。

Hisunclewillgetmarriednextmonth．

他叔叔下个月结婚。

14．ArethereanyEnglishwordsthanChinesepeopleusewhentheyspeaktoeachother?

有中国人互相交谈时用的英语单词吗？

辨析：speak,talk,say,tell

（1）这四个词都有“说”的意思。

（2）speak一般指“说某种语言”，即其后的宾语只能是表示语言的词。例如：

CanyouspeakFrench?

你会讲法语吗？

Whatlanguagedotheyspeak?

他们讲哪种语言？

（3）talk一般指“谈论”，本身为不及物动词，可以用于词组talkaboutsthwithsb．

“与某人谈论某事”，也可用于talktosb．“跟某人说话”。例如：

Whatareyoutalkingabout?

你们在讨论什么？

Whowereyoutalkingwithjustnow?

你刚才在跟谁说话？

IwanttotalkaboutEnglishstudywithyou．

我想跟你讨论一下英语学习的事。

（4）say为及物动词“说”，其后一般须指出说的内容。例如：

Whatdidyousay?

你说什么？

Itsays”NOParking”．上面写着“不许停车”。

Shedliketosaygoodbyetous．

她想来跟我们道别。

（5）tell“告诉”，为及物动词，其后须跟双宾语，即用于tellsth．tosb．或tellsb．sth．“告诉某人某事”。例如：

Canyoutellmeastory?

你能给我讲个故事吗？

Whotoldyouthenews?

谁告诉你这个消息的？

15．Todayoneinfourpeople,oraquarteroftheworldspopulationusesEnglish,…

当今四个人中得有一个人，或者说世界上四分之一

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebusha

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheFirstPeriod

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）KeyVocabulary

oversleep

（2）TargetLanguage

Whathappened?

Ioverslept．AndbythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．

2．AbilityObjects

（1）Teachthestudentstousethenewwords．

（2）TrainthestudentstonarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense．

（3）Trainthestudents’listeningandspeakingskillswiththetargetlanguage．

3．MoralObject

It’sagoodhabittogotobedearlyintheeveningandgetupearlyinthemorning．Soyou’llneverbeinahurryinthemorning．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．KeyVocabulary

oversleep

2．TargetLanguage

NarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．TrainthestudentstonarratepasteventswiththePastPerfectTense．

2．Trainthestudentstounderstandthetargetlanguageinspokenconversation．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Thinkingofexamplesfromthestudents’reallives．

2．Makingsentencesbylookingatthepictures．

Ⅴ．TeachingAid

Ataperecorder

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIRevision

1．RevisethelanguagepointsinUnit8．

Asksomequestionslikethis:Whatvolunteerworkwouldyouliketodo?

Helpthestudentstoanswer,I’dliketo…/Iloveto…/Ihopeto…

2．PracticethedialogueinActivity3conpage62again．Getstudentstoroleplaythesimilardialogueswiththefollowing．

SA:I’dliketojointheschoolvolunteerproject,butI’mnotsurewhatIshoulddo．

SB:Whatdoyoulikedoing?

SA:Iloveplayingfootball．

SB:Well,youcouldhelpcoachafootballteamforlittlekids．Letthechildrenpracticeinpairs．

3．Checkthestudents’homeworkbyaskingsomestudentstoreadtheirsentenceswiththephrasalverbs．Thenaskthestudentstohandintheirhomework．

4．Dictatethefollowingwords：

cleanup,cheerup,giveout,putoff,setup,runoutof,takeafter,fixup,give

away,callup,handout,workout,hunger,establish,commitment,veterinarian,strategy

StepⅡ1a

Thisactivityintroducesnewvocabularywhichcanbeusedtonarratepastevents．

Firstwritebythetimeontheblackboard．andtelltheclassthemeaningofit．

"bythetime"meansnotlaterthan,before,assoonas,orwhentheindicatedcomes．Whenweusethewords．"Bythetime…,"wearetalkingabouttwodifferentthingsthathappenedinthepast．Saythissentencetotheclass:Bythetimetheteachercamein,thestudentshadbegunreadingEnglish．

Tellthemtonotethestruture"hadbegun"inthissentence．Begunisthepastparticipleofbegin．Whenwetalkabouttwoeventsbothhappenedinthepast,theonewhichhappenedearliershoulduseandplusapastparticiple．ThewordsfollowingBythetime…,talkaboutthethingthathappenedlater．Andtellthestudentswhentheyusehadplusapastparticiple,theyareusingthePastPerfectTense．Alsoexplainwhatisthepastparticipleformofaverbforthestudents．Tellthemitisasthesameasthepastformforaregularverb．Andtheyhavetoremembertheirregularverbs’participlesonebyone．

PlayagametohelpthestudentsunderstandthesentenceswiththewordsBythetime…Doitlikethis:

Pretendthattheteacherwillleavetheclassroomandthestudentswilldosomethings．Whentheteacherreturns．theclasswillmakestatementsstartingwithBythetime…

WriteBythetimeIcameback…ontheblackboard．

Saytotheclass,BythetimeIcamein．whathadhappened?

Helponestudenttoanswerlikethis,Bythetimetheteachercamein,Donhadwrittenhisnameontheblackboard．

Thengetmorestudentstoanswerdifferently,suchas,

Bythelimetheteachercamein,wehaddiscussedanEnglishproblem．

Bythetimetheteachercamein,Ihaddrawnapicture．

Writethesesentencesontheblackboard,andteachthestudentstoreadseveraltimes．

Readtheinstructionstothestudentsandreadthesequestionstotheclassaswell．

Whatdoyouusuallydoin,themorningbeforeschool?Doyoulikemorning?

Whyorwhynot?

Chooseonegoodstudenttoanswerthembysayingsomethingheorsheusuallydoesinthemorning．

Heorshemayanswerlikethis,

Iusuallygetupearly,washmyfaceandhavebreakfast．Ilikemorningsbecausetheairisfresh,orIusuallygetupaslateaspossible．ThenIhavetowashmyfaceandhavebreakfastinahurry．Ioftenrushtoschoolwithoutbreakfast．SometimesIforgetsomethingathome．Idon’tlikemorningsbecauseIamalwaystoobusy．

Thenhavethewholeclasspracticeinpairs．Askeachotherthequestions．

Aftertheyfinishtalking,askoneortwopairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．Correctthemistakestheymaymakewiththeotherstudents．

Callthestudents’attentiontothepicturesinActivityla．Askstudentstotellwhattheysee．

Say,Anysentenceswhichmakesenseareacceptedtodescribethepictures．

ThegirlinthepicturesisTina．Presentthenewwordsbyprovidingsentencesshowingthemeaningsofthemlikethis:

T:WhatcanyouseeinPicture1?

S1:Shesleptalongtime．

T:That’scorrect．Sheslepttoolate．Sheoverslept．Classrepeat．Sheoverslept．

Ss:Sheoverslept．

T:WhatdoyouseeinPicture2?

S2:Herbrotherorsisterisinthebathroom．

T:That’scorrect．Shewantstogointothebathroom．Shecan’tbecausesomeoneistakingashower．Classrepeat．Someoneistakingashower．

Ss:Someoneistakingashower．

Writethesewordsontheblackboard:

overslept,takingashower,hadleft,leftherbackpackathome．

Thentellstudentstotalkaboutthepicturesingroupsoffour．Movearoundtheclassroom,listeningtostudentsandofferinghelp．MakesurethattheytalkinEnglish．

Aftertheyallfinishtalking,askdifferentgroupstotelltheclassaboutthepictures．Theymaysaylikethis:

Tinaoversleptinthemorning．Shewantedtogotothebathroom,butherbrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．Whenshegottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft．

Shehadtoruntoschool．Aftershegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome．Thesentencescanvary,butshouldbecorrect．

StepⅢ1b

Thisactivitygivesstudentspracticeinunderstandingthetargetlanguageinspokenconversation．

Askthestudentstoreadtheinstructionstogether．Havethemlookatthetwocolumns,AandB,inthechart．Pointoutthesampleanswer．Readthetwopartsofthesentence．

Thengoovertheotherunconnectedpartsofsentences,too．

Youwillconnectthetwopartsofthesentences,connectasentencebeginninginthefirstcolumnwiththeendofthatsentenceinthesecondcolumn．PleaseguesstheothertwosentencesbeforeIplaythetape．

Iguessmostofthechildrencangetthecorrectsentencesbyguessing．Sojustletthemguess．Don’ttellthemwhethertheiranswersarerightorwrong．

OK,justkeepyouranswersbyguessing．

Let’sdecideiftheyarerightbylisteningtothetapenow．

Playtherecordingforthefirsttime．

Studentsonlylisten．Thenplayitasecondtime．Letstudentsmatchtwopartsofeachsentence．Checktheanswersbyaskingsomestudentstotelltheiranswers．

Makesurethatallofthemhavegotthecorrectanswersbylistening．Saycongratulationstothestudentswhogettheanswerscorrectlybyguessing．

Answers

1．b2．a3．c

Tapescript

Boy:Hi,Tina．Youlookstressedout．

Girl:Iam．Ihadabadmorning．

Boy:Really?Whathappened?

Girl:Well,firstofallIoverslept．BythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．

Boy:Oh,whatapain!

Girl:So,afterhegotoutofshower,Itookaquickshowerandgotdressed．ButbythetimeIwentoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

Boy:Oh,no!

Girl:Oh,yes!SoIranallthewaytoschool．ButwhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathome．

Boy:Nowonderyoulookstressedout．

StepⅣ1c

Thispracticeprovidesguidedoralpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

FirstplaytherecordinginActivity1b

againandletthestudentsreadafterit．Doitatleasttwice．

Thenreadtheinstructionstogetherwiththewholeclass．

Youwillmakeconversationsinpairs．EachofyouwillhavetotaketurnsbeingTina．LookatthepicturesinActivitylatohelpyou．Tellyourpartnerwhathappenedtoyouthismorning．Askapairtoreadtheexampletotheclassbeforetheybegirt

SA:Whathappened?

SB:Ioverslept．AndbythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．

Writetheconversationontheblackboard．

Havethestudentsworkinpairs．Movearoundtheroomofferinglanguagesupportasneeded．

Aftertheyallfinishtalking,asksomepairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．

StepⅤSummary

Say,Inthisclass,we’velearnedhowtonarratepastevents,usingthePastPerfect

Tense．We’vealsodonesomelisteningpracticeinunderstandingthetargetlanguageinspokenconversation．Also,we’vedonemuchoralpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

StepⅥHomework

1．WriteoutthestoryofTina,Notetousethetargetlanguage．

2．RevisewhentousethePastPerfectTenseandtheverbstructureofit．

StepⅦBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

SectionA

TheFirstPeriod

1．Bythetime…

Bythetimetheteachercamein,thestudentshadbegunreading．

Bythetimetheteachercamein,Donhadwrittenhisnameontheblackboard．

Bythetimetheteachercamem,wehaddiscussedanEnglishproblem．

2．Somewordstodescribethepicturesoverslept,takingashower,hadleft,leftherbackpackathome．

3．TargetLanguage:

A:Whathappened?

B:Ioverslept．AndbythetimeIgotup,mybrotherhadalreadygotten

intheshower．

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheSecondPeriod

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）TargetLanguage

Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching．

Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome．

WhenIgothome,IrealizedIhadleftmykeysinthebackpack．

（2）TheThreeFormsoftheverbs．

2．AbilityObjects

（1）Trainthestudents’listeningskill．

（2）Trainthestudents’writingskillwiththetargetlanguage．

（3）Trainthestudents’speakingskill．

（4）Trainthestudentstousethethreeformsoftheverbs．

3．MoralObject

Trytobeacarefulpersonanddoeverythingcarefully．RemembernottobeascarelessasTina．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．Listeningpracticewiththetargetlanguage．

2．Usethecorrectverbformstofillintheblanksbylistening．

3．MakesentencesusingthePastPerfectTense．

4．Thethreeformsoftheverbs．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．WriteanendingforthestoryinActivity2c．

2．ThethreeverbformsinGrammarFocus．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Listening

2．Pairwork

Ⅴ．TeachingAids

Ataperecorder

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIRevision

1．RevisewhathappenedtoTinainthemorningbyaskingoneortwostudentstotellthestroyonpage68．

Theymaysaylikethis:

Tinahadabadmorning．Firstofallsheoverslept．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygottenintheshower．

Andbythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．Shehadtorunallthewaytoschool．Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome．Allthesemadeherlookstressedout．Afterthat,askthewholeclasstoworkinpairs,tellingthestroyandhelpingeachotherinturns．Remindthemtousethecorrectverbforms．

2．Askstudentstocheckeachother’shomeworkinpairs,pointingoutallthemistakestheymighthavemade．

3．RevisethePastPerfectTensebyaskingthechildrenwhentouseitandwhatitsverbstructureis．

StepⅡ2a

Thisactivityprovidesguidedlisteningpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

WehaveknownTinahadabadmorning．

ButsomethingworsehappenedtoTinalater．Let’sgotoActivity2aonpage69andseewhathappenedtoTinalaterinthemorning．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Besurethatallofthemknowwhattodo．

Callthestudents’attentiontothefourpictures．Getthemtoguessthecorrectorderofthepicturesfirst．Thefirstoneisgivenasasample．Askoneortwochildrentotelltheirstoriesbydescribingthepicturesaccordingtotheirownorder．

Then,wewillhearTinatalkingaboutwhathappenedtoheraftershegottoschool．Wecanseethereisasmallboxineachpicture．

Pleasewriteanumberfrom1to4ineachboxtoshoweachpicture’scorrectorder．

Thefirstonehasbeengivenasasample．

GetthechildrentogetreadytolistentoTinacontinueherstory．

Playtherecordingthefirsttime,studentsonlylisten．Playtherecordingagainandaskthechildrentonumbereachpicture．

Checktheanswerswiththeclassandseewhohaveevergotthecorrectanswerswithoutlistening．

Answers

Thepicturesshouldbenumberedinthisorder:

3124

Tapescript

Boy:Sothenwhatdidyoudo,Tina?

Girl:Well,Iranhometogetmybackpack．

ButwhenIgothome,IrealizedIhadleftmykeysinthebackpack．

Boy:You’rekidding!

Girl:SoIranbacktoschoolwithoutmykeysormybackpack．AndbythetimeIgotbacktoschool,thebellhadrung．

Boy:Oh,no!

Girl:AndbythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachingalready．Sheaskedforourhomework,butofcourseIdidn’thaveit．

StepⅢ2b

Thisactivitygivesstudentspracticeinunderstandingandwritingthetargetlanguage．

Askthestudentstoreadtheinstructionstogether．Pointouttheblanksinthesentencesandtheverbsinthebrackets．

Thisactivityhastwoparts．Firstlet’sfillintheblankswiththecorrectverbforms．Wecanseesomeverbsinthebrackets．Theyarethebaseformsofthegivenverbs．Forexample,getandgot,Getisthebaseformoftheverb．Yourjobistowritethecorrectformsoftheseverbsintheblanks．Lookatnumberone．

Asampleanswerisgiven．

Letthestudentsfillintheblankswiththecorrectformsindividually．

Movearoundtheclassroomcollectingthecommonmistakestheymaymake．

Aftertheyallfinishwriting,tellthemtogetreadytolistentotheconversationandchecktheiranswers．

Iwillplaytherecordingagain．Pleasecheckyouranswersandcorrectanymistakesyoumighthavemadewhilelistening．Playtherecording．Studentslistenandchecktheiranswers．Correcttheanswersbyaskingsevendifferentstudentstosaytheirstotheclass．

Answers

1．gothome2．realized3．hadleft

4．got5．hadrung6．walked7．hadstarted

StepⅣ2c

Thisactivitygivesstudentsoralpracticewiththetargetlanguage．

Askthewholeclasstoreadtheinstructionstogether．

Wehaveanewtasknow．WeknowTinawaslateforclass．WhatdoyouthinkhappenedafterTinawaslateforclass?

Workwithapartner．Makeupanendingforthestorybycontinuingit．Thebeginninghasbeengiven．

Getstudentstodiscussinpairs．Completetheending．MakesuretheyaretalkinginEnglish．Movearoundtheclassroom,offeringlanguagesupportifneeded．Aftertenminutes,askstudentstostopdiscussing．GetsomepairsofstudentstotelltheclasshowtheythinkthestoryendedAndletthewholeclassdecidewhoseendingisthebest．Telleachpairtowritedowntheirending,ordoitafterclassiftimeisnotenough．

Sampleendingofthestory

TheteacherlookedatTinaandsaid,"Whyareyoulateandwhereisyourhomework,Tina?""Ihadabadmorningtoday．"Tinasaidsadly．

"I’msorrytohearthat,butmayIknowwhathappened?saidtheteacher．

ThenTinatoldtheteacherandthewholeclassherstory．Allherclassmateslaughedloudlyafterit．Someofthemsaid,"PoorTina!"

Bob,oneofTina’sclassmates,stoodupandsaid,"Well,Tina,I’dlovetohelpyou．Whynotletmekeepthekeysforyou?Iwouldputyourkeysinmybackpack．"

StepⅤGrammarFocus

Thisactivityintroducesthetargetlanguageofthisunit．Callstudents’attentiontothesentencesontheleft．Askfourdifferentstudentstoreadthefoursentencesandpointoutwherehadplusapastparticipleisused．Writethesentencesontheblackboard．

Drawasimpletimelineforeachsentencetohelpstudentstounderstandthegrammarfocus．Forexample:

Thengetthestudentstolookatthebox．

Teachstudentstoreadthethreeformsofeachverbsfirst．Thenaskseveralstudentstoreadtheverbstotheclasstoseeiftheycanread．Writetheverbsontheblackboard．

Askthestudentstomakesentencescorrectlyusingeachformoftheverbsinthebox．Forexample:

Iusuallygetupat6:30．

Igotupat5:30yesterday．

BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadalreadygottenintheshower．

Tellthestudentswhenwetalkaboutthefirstthingthathappened．Weusehadplusapastparticiple（hadgotten）andwhenwetalkaboutthesecondthingthathappened,weusethesimplepasttense（gotup）．Asksometoreadtheirsentencestotheclass．

Askthestudentstomaketheirownlistsofotherverbsusedinthisunit．Tellthemtoputthelistsintheirnotebooksusingathree-columnformatliketheoneintheLook!section．Thelistshavetoincludetheseverbs;leave,walk,start,oversleep,ring,be．

Checktheanswers．

Somesamplesentenceswiththethreeverbforms

1．Igotupat6:30everyday．

Igotupat6:00yesterday．

BythetimeIgotup,mysisterhadalreadygottenintheshower．

2．Weusuallygotoschoolat7:30．

Wewenttoschoolat8:30yesterday．

Bythetimewegottotheclassroom,

thestudentshadgonetothechemistrylab．

3．Myfatherleaveshomeat8:30．

Helefthomeat9:30thismorning．

Whenmyfatherwentoutside,thebushadleft．

4．Theteacheroftenstartsteachingat9:00．

Theteacherstartedteachingat8:30thedaybeforeyesterday．

WhenTinagottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching．

Thethreeformsoftheverbsusedinthisunit:

Leaveleftleft

Walkwalkedwalked

startstartedstarted

oversleepoversleptoverslept

ringrangrung

bewas/werebeen

StepⅥSummary

Say,Inthisclass,we’vedonemuchlisteningandwritingpracticewithtargetlanguage．We’vealsodonesomeoralpracticeinpairs．Andwe’vediscussedtheGrammarFocusofthisunit．

StepⅦHomework

1．WritedowntheendingofTina’sstory．

2．Makesentencesusingeachformoftheverbsbelow:

leave,walk,start,oversleep,ring,be

3．ReviewtheGrammarFocus．

StepⅧBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

SectionA

TheSecondPeriod

TargetLanguage:

1．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

2．Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone．

3．Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching．

4．Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome．

Verbs:

Getgotgotten

Gowentgone

leaveleftleft

startstartedstarted

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheThirdPeriod

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）KeyVocabulary

bell,ring,gooff,rush,runoff,ontime,givesb．aride,lock,breakdown

（2）TargetLanguage

BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft．

BythetimeIwokeup,myfatherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

2．AbilityObjects

Trainthestudents’readingskillwithtargetlanguage．

Trainthestudents’speakingskillwithtargetlanguage．

3．MoralObject

Haveyoueverdoneanythingcarelessly?

Shareyourstorywithyourfriends．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．Guidethestudentstoreadthearticleinactivity3a．

2．Helpthestudentsdotheoralpracticewiththetargetlanguage．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．Helpimprovethestudents’readingskillbyActivity3a．

2．Helpthestudentsdescribewhathashappenedtothemwiththetargetlanguage．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Getthemainideabyreading．

2．Pairwork．

Ⅴ．TeachingAid

Aprojector

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepⅠRevision

1．RevisewhathappenedtoTinabyaskingseveralstudentstotellthestory．

2．RevisethethreeformsoftheverbsinGrammarFocusbyaskingfourstudentstowritethemoutontheblackboard．

3．Checkhomeworkbyaskingoneortwotoreadtheirownendingsofthestroy．

4．Checkhomeworkbyaskingsomestudentstoreadthesentenceswhichtheymade．

5．Askthestudentstohandintheirhomework．

Somesamplesentenceswiththeverbsusedinthisunit:

1．Ileavehomeat7:30everymorning．

Ilefthomeat8:00thismorning．

BythetimeIgottotheairport,theplanehadleft．

2．Iwalktoschoolsometimes．

Iwalkedtoschoolyesterdayafternoon．

WhenIgotthere,thesickgirlhadwalkaway．

3．Themeetingstartat3:00everyWednesdayafternoon．

Themeetingstartedat3:30lastWednesdayafternoon．

AssoonasMr．Jonesgottothemeetingroom,themeetinghadalreadystarted．

4．Tinaseldomoversleeps．

Tinaoversleptthismorning．

Tinasaidshehadneveroversleptbefore．

5．Thehellringsat8:10everymorning．

Thebellrangat7:10thismorning．

WhenIgottoschool,thefirstbellhadrung．

6．Iamherenow．

Iwasathomelastnight．

Ihadbeenherefor20yearsbytheendof2003．

StepⅡ3a

Thisactivityprovidesreadingandwritingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Showthevocabularyonthescreenbyaproject:

belln．钟；铃

ringv．鸣;响

gooff闹钟（闹响）

rushv．冲；奔

rushoff跑掉;迅速离开

ontime准时

givesb．aride让某人搭便车

lockv．锁；锁上

breakdown损坏；坏掉

Pointtothewordsonebyoneandteachthestudentstoreadthem．Doitseveraltimes．Thenaskseveralstudentstoreadthewordstoseeiftheycanpronounceeachwordcorrectly．

Askthewholeclasstoreadtheinstructionstogether．ThereisanarticleinActivity3a．Yourtaskistoreadthestoryandwritetheeventsinthecorrectorder．

Havealookatthesampleanswerontherightofthearticlebeforeyoustart．Thenletthechildrencompletetheworkontheirown．Afterawhile,asksomestudentstoreporttheiranswerstotheclass．Writetheeventsontheblackboardastheyreport,puttingtheeventsinthecorrectorder．

Aftercheckingtheanswers,tellstudentstoreadthearticleagainmorecarefully．

Tellthemtofindoutthewordsorsentenceswhichtheycan’tunderstandthistime．

Afewminuteslater,letthestudentsaskquestionsonthewordsandsentenceswhichtheycan’tunderstand．Dosomeexplanationandmakesurethatthestudentsmakeeverythingclearaboutthearticle．

Thenaskthestudentstoreadthearticlealoud．Movearoundtheclassroomwhiletheyarereading,offeringhelpasneeded．

NextaskstudentstopickoutthesentenceswiththePastPerfectTense．Tellthemtounderlinethemandcomeupwiththereasontousethetence．

Asktwostudentstoreadtheiranswersandexplainthesentences．

Answers

1．alarmclockdidn’tgooff

2．fatherwenttobathroom

3．wokeuplate

4．tookshower

5．hadsomebreakfast

6．busleft

7．rantobusstop

8．startedwalking

9．gotaridewithafriend

10．bellringing

11．gottoschool

12．gottoclass

SentenceswiththePastPerfectTenseinthearticle:

1．…bythetimeIwokeup,myfatherhadalreadygoneintothebathroomand…

2．Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft．

StepⅢ3b

Thisactivityprovidesreadingandwritingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Callthestudents’attentiontothephotoofthewomansleeping．Thegirlissleeping．Shemayoversleep．Howaboutyou?

Haveyoueveroverslept?

Getastudentstoanswerthequestionsimply,suchasYes,Ihave．/No,Ihaven’t．

Thenaskonestudenttoreadtheinstructionstotheclass．

Wecanseesixquestionsinthebox．

You’llhavetoreadthequestionsintheboxandyouhavetodescribethecircumstancesinwhichthesethingshappened．

Explainthatdescribethecircumstancesmeanstotellwhen,whereandhowthethingshappened．

Askonestudentwhohaseveroverslepttoanswerthefirstquestionanddescribethecircumstance．HelphimorherusethePastPerfectTensetodescribethecircumstance．

Thenaskstudentstoreadthequestionsandwritetheiranswersintheirexercisebooks．TellthemthattheyhavetodescribethecircumstancesiftheiranswersareYes,andthereshouldbeatleastonesentencewiththePastPerfectTenseineachdescription．Movearoundtheclassroomprovidingsentencestotheoneswhoneed．Askseveralstudentstosharetheirstorieswiththeclass．Correctanymistakestheymaymake．Letthemchecktheanswersinpairs．

StepⅣ3c

Thisactivityprovideslisteningandspeakingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．Askthewholeclasstoreadtheinstructionstogether．Thencallthestudents’attentiontothesampleconversationontheright．Askapairofthestudentstoreadtheconversationtotheclass．PleaseaskyourpartnerthequestionsinActivity3b．Askmorequestionsifheorshesays"Yes"．

Askthestudentstoworkinpairs．Encouragethemtoaskasmanyquestionsastheycan．Astheywork,movearoundtheroomofferinghelpandansweringquestionsasneeded．Asksomepairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．

StepⅥSummary

Say,Inthisclass,we’velearnedanarticle．Andwe’vedonemuchpracticeinreading,listening,speakingandwriting．

We’vedonemuchpracticewiththetargetlanguage．

StepⅦHomework

1．WritetheanswerstothequestionsinActivity3b．

2．WriteaconversationinActivity3c．

StepⅧBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

SectionA

TheThirdPeriod

AnswerstoActivity3a:

1．alarmclockdidn’tgooff

2．fatherwenttobathroom

3．wokeuplate

4．tookshower

5．hadsomebreakfast

6．busleft

7．rantobusstop

8．startedwalking

9．gotaridewithafriend

10．bellringing

11．gottoschool

12．gottoclass

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheFourthPeriod

I．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）KeyVocabulary

costume,showup,exhausted,embarrassed,empty,fool,AprilFool’sDay,gooff,stayup

（2）TargetLanguage

WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthathehadfooledme．

Afteranhour,theotherkidsshowldup,andIrealizedthatmybrotherhadfooledme．

BythetimeIgottomatchclass,IwasexhaustedbecauseIhadstayedupallnightstudying．

Ifoundoutthatmyfriendhadfooledme．

2．AbilityObjects

（1）Trainthestudents’writing,listeningandspeakingskillswiththetargetlanguage．

（2）Trainthestudentstousethenewvocabulary．

3．MoralObject

HaveyoueverbeenfooledonAprilFool’s

Day?Shareyourstorywithyourfriends．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．Trainthestudents’listeningandspeakingskillswithtargetlanguage．

2．Teachthestudentsthenewvocabulary．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．Guidelisteningandoralpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

2．Helplearntousethenewvocabularycorrectly．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Listening

2．Pairworkandgroupwork

Ⅴ．TeachingAid

Ataperecorder

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIRevision

1．RevisethearticleinActivity3aonpage70byaskingseveralstudentstoreadit．

2．Dictatethefollowingwordsandphrases:

bell,ring,gooff,rush,runoff,ontime,givesb．aridelock,breakdown．

3．Checkthehomework．

StepⅡ1a

Thisactivityreviewsvocabulary,introducessomenewvocabulary,andprovideswritingpractice．

Readtheinstructionstothestudents．Remembertoreadthesentenceinthebrackets．PointtothechartwiththethreeheadingsNouns,VerbsandAdjectives．Readthewordsinthebracketstothestudentsandhelpthestudentstounderstandthemeaningsofnouns,verbsandadjectives．

Teachthestudentstoreadthenewvocabularybelow:

costume,showup,exhausted,embarrassed,empty,fool,

AprilFool’sDay

Writethemontheblackboardorshowthemonascreenbyaprojectorwhileteaching．Tellthechildrenthemeaningofeachwordanddoalittleexplanation．

Thencallthestudents’attentiontothelistofthewordsontheleft．Askastudenttoreadthemandtellthemeaningsatthesametime．Findoutthewordswhichthestudentsdon’tunderstandandgivesomeexplanation．

Pleaseputthesewordsinthecorrectcolumnsinthechart．Somewordscanbeputinmorethanonecolumn．

Getastudenttoreadthesampleanswerstotheclassbeforetheystartsay,Foolcallalsobeaverb．Forexample,Hefooledme．SoitisputinbothColumnNounsandColumnVerbs．

Askthestudentstocompletethechartontheirown．

Correcttheanswersbyaskingthreestudentstoreadtheiranswerstotheclass．

Answers

Nouns:fool,costume,change,clock

Verbs:fool,invite,empty,gooff,getup,getdressed,showup,realize,change,stayup

Adjectives:embarrassed,empty,exhausted

StepⅢ1b

Thisactivityprovidesguidedoralpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Askastudenttoreadtheinstructionstotheclass．

Askanotherstudenttoreadtheexampleontheright．

Workinpairsnow．Tellyourpartneraboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyourecently．NotetousetwoormorephrasesfromthelistinActivityla．Gettilestudentstotalkinpairs．Movearoundtheclassroomcheckingtheirworkandofferinglanguagesupportasneeded．

Aftertheyallfinishtalking,asksomepairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．

StepⅣ2a

Thisactivityprovidesguidedlisteningpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．SaysomethingaboutAprilFool’sDaytothestudentslikethis:

EveryyearonthefirstofApril,Americansdosillythingstosurpriseeachother．Forexample,someonemighttellyoutogototheteacher’sofficetogetyournewbook．Butthereisnobookatall!

Callthestudents’attentiontothefourpictures．Askthestudentswhatishappeningineachpicture．

Askfourdifferentstudentstodescribethepictures．Forexample,‘theycandescribePicture1likethis:

Aboywastoldtotakepartinacostumeparty．Sohedressedhimselfuplikeamonster．Butwhenhegottherehefoundthathisfriendhadfooledhim．Itwasn’tacostumeparty．Hefrightenedtheothers．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．

You’lllistentothreeboys,Dave,NickandJoe,talkingaboutAprilFool’sDay．

Thereisaboxundereachpicturewhereyoucanwriteeachboy’sname．Nowlistentothetapeandwritethenameofeachboyunderhispicture．Ihavetotellyoutherewillbeonepicturewithoutanameunderit．

TellthemtoseetheexampleforPicturec．

Playthetapethefirsttime．Thestudentsonlylisten．Thenplaythetapeagain．Askthestudentstowriteeachboy’snameinthecorrectbox．Checktheanswersbyaskingdifferentstudentstotelltheirownanswers．

Answers

a．Nonameb．Joec．Nickd．Dave

Tapescript

Boy1:HaveyoueverbeenanAprilfool,Dave?

Boy2:Yes,Ihave．Afriendonceinvitedmetoacostumeparty．WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthathehadfooledme．Itwasn’tacostumeparty．Iwastheonlypersonwearingacostume．Iwasreallyembarrassed．Howaboutyou,Nick?

Boy1:Well,lastAprilFool’sDay,whenmyalarmwentoffIgotup,tookashower,gotdressed,andwenttoschool．ButwhenIgotthere,theschoolwasempty．Iwastheonlyonethere．Afteranhour,theotherkidsshowedup,andIrealizedthatmybrotherhadfooledme．

Boy3:shehad?

Boy1:Uh-huh．Hehadchangedtheclocktoanhourearlier．WhathappenedtoyouonAprilFool’sDay,Joe?

Boy3:Well,IwassicklastAprilfirst．Myfriendcalledmeandtoldmewehadamathstestthenextday．Bythetime1gotomathsclass,IwasexhaustedbecauseIhadstayedupallnightstudying．ThenIfoundoutthatmyfriendhadfooledme．Wedidn’thaveatestatall!

StepⅤ2b

Thisactivityprovidesguidedlisteningpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Therearesixphrasesinthebox．Yourtaskistofindoutwhosayseachofthephrases,Dave,NickorJoeafterlisteningtothesamerecording．Andwrite"D"forDave,"N"forNickand"J"forJoesontheshortlinesbeforethephrases．Lookatthefirstone．Theanswerhasbeengivenasasample．

Playtherecordingthefirsttime．Thestudentsonlylisten．Thenplaytherecordingagain．Askthestudentstowritethelettersintheblanks．Asksixdifferentstudentstoreporttheiranswerstotheclass．Checktheanswerswiththeclass．

Answers

1．D2．N3．J4．J5．D6．N

StepⅥ2c

Thisactivityprovidesoralpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Firstplaytherecordingagain．Pauseaftereachsentenceandgetthestudentstorepeat．

Doitatleasttwice．

Askastudenttoreadtheinstructionstotheclass．Thenhavethemlookatthesampleconversationontheright．Askapairofthestudentstoreadandtrytocontinueitlikethis:

SA:WhathappenedtoDaveonAprilFool’sDay?

SB:Well,afriendinvitedhimtoacostumeparty．Whenhegotthere,hefoundthathehadfooledhim．Itwasn’tacostumeparty．Hewastheonlypersonwearingacostume．Hewasreallyembarrassed．

Thenaskthestudentstoworkinpairs．

Eachpairmakestwoconversationsusinginformationfromtheearlieractivities．

Movearoundtheroomastheywork,offeringhelpasneeded．Askoneortwopairstosaytheirconversationstotheclass．

StepⅦSummary

Say,Inthisclass,we’velearnedsomenewwords．Andwe’vedonemuchlisteningandoralpractice．WehaveenjoyedsomeinterestingstorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．

StepⅧHomework

1．Writesomethingthathashappenedtoyourecently．UsetwoormorephrasesfromthelistinActivity1a．

2．WriteaconversationinActivity2c．

StepⅨBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

SectionB

TheFourthPeriod

1．AnswerstoActivity1a:

Nouns:fool,costume,change,clock

Verbs:fool,invite,empty,gooff,getup,getdressed,showup,realize,change,stayup

Adjectives:embarrassed,empty,exhausted

2．Targetlanguage:

A:WhathappenedtoDaveonAprilFool’sDay?

B:Well,afriendinvitedhimtoacostumeparty．Whenhegotthere,hefoundthathehadfooledhim．itwasn’tacostumeparty．Hewastheonlypersonwearingacostume．Hewasreallyembarrassed．

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheFifthPeriod

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）KeyVocabulary

announce,describe,convince,panic,setoff,authority,reveal,hoax,

flee/fled/fled,spaghetti,girl-friend,Show,marry,thrill,getmarried,

reply,ending

（2）ThereadingpassagesaboutAprilFool’sDay．

（3）WritestorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．

2．AbilityObjects

（1）Trainthestudents’readingskill．

（2）Trainthestudents’writingandspeakingskills．

3．MoralObject

TrytocollectthejokeshappenedonApril

Fool’sDayandsharethemwithyourfriends．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．Teachthestudentsthenewvocabulary．

2．Helpthestudentsunderstandthethreearticles．

3．GuidethestudentstowritestorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．Helpthestudentsunderstandthethreearticles．

2．HelpthestudentswritethestorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Readingmethod．

2．Writeapassageusingthenotes．

3．Telljokes．

Ⅴ．TeachingAids

Aprojectandataperecorder．

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIRevision

1．Revisethethreeboy’sstorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．Askthreedifferentstudentstotelltheirstoriestotheclass．

2．Checkthehomework．Asksomestudentstoreadtheirstoriesandconversationstotheclass．Thenhavethemcheckeachother’shomeworkinpairs．

StepⅡ3a

Thisactivityprovidesreadingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Showthenewwordsandexpressionsonthescreenbyaprojector．

announcev．宣告；通告

describev．描述；描绘

convincev．使确信；使信服

panicn．恐慌；惊恐

setoff激起；引起

authorityn．权威机构；行政管理机构

revealv．揭示;揭露

hoaxn．骗局；恶作剧；玩笑

fleen．逃跑；逃走

spaghettin．意大利式细面条

girlfriendn．女朋友

shown,演出；展示；炫耀

marryv．嫁；娶；与……结婚

thrillv．回答：答复

endingn．结局；结尾

getmarried结婚

replyv．回答；回复

Callthestudents’attentiontothescreen．

Pointtothewordsonthescreenonebyone．

AndTeachthestudentstoreadthewordsseveraltimes．Makesurethatthestudentscanreadeachwordcorrectly．

Readtheinstructionstothestudents．

You’llhavetoreadthreearticles．ThethreearticlesareaboutthreedifferentstorieshappenedonAprilFool’sDay．

Notallofthemaretrue．Tellwhichofthesestoriesisthemostbelievableandwhichistheleastbelievable．Andyouhavetotellthereasonsaswell．Atlast,thinkoverifyouwouldbefooledbyanyofthestories．

Readthefirstarticletotheclass．Thestudentslookattheirbooks,listentotheteacherandfindouttheanswerstothequestionsintheinstructions．

Afterreading,askthestudentsifitisbelievableandwhy．Askseveralstudentstotelltheiropinionsonthebelievabilitythefirstarticle．Theymaysaylikethis:

Ithinkitisbelievablebecausetheexacttimeandperson’snamearegiveninthefirstsentence,or,Idon’tthinkit’sbelievablebecauseIthinknoonedaredtofoolthepeoplelikethat．

Dothesamewiththetwoarticlesleft．

Asktwogoodstudentstoreadthearticlesinsteadoftheteacher．Elicitstudents’reasonsfortheiranswers．Atlasttellthestudentsthecorrectanswer．

Answers

Thefirststoryreallyhappened．Theradioprogramwascalled"TheWaroftheWorld．"

StepⅢ3b

Thisactivityprovidesreadingandwritingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Playtherecordingagaintohelpthestudents．

Askthreedifferentstudentstoreadthenotestotheclass．

Helpthestudentsmakesentenceswiththenotesfirst．

Lookatthefirstlineofthenotes,please．

Let’sseewhathappenedfirstbymakingsentencesusingthenotes．

Letthestudentsmakesentenceswiththephrasesgiveninthefirstlineorally,basedonthestoryhappenedtoNick．Forexample,whenthealarmwentoff,Nickgotup,tookashower,gotdressed,andwenttoschool．Thengoonwiththesecondline．Theymaysay:

Butwhenhegottoschool,theschoolwasempty,Anhourlater,theotherkidsshowedup．

Thesamplesentenceforthethirdline．

Herealizedthathisbrotherhadfooledhim．

Aftermakingsentences,askthestudentstowriteamagazinestoryaboutNickin

Activities2aand2b,usingthenotesbelow．Astheywrite,movearoundtheroomofferinghelpandansweringquestionsasneeded．

Afteraroundtenminutes,askastudenttoreadthecompletedarticletotheclass．

Therestoftheclasshelpcorrectthemistakesthestudentmayhavemade．Getthemtocheckeach’other’swritingcarefullyinpairs．

Asampleanswer

OnAprilFool’sDayNick’salarmwentoff．Hegotupandtookashower．Thenhegotdressedandwenttoschool．Whenhegottoschool,thebuildingwasempty．

Anhourlatertheotherkidsshowedup．

Thenherealizedthathisbrotherhadfooledhim．Hisbrotherhadsethisalarmanhourearlier．

StepⅣ3c

Thisactivityprovideswritingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Besurethatthestudentsknowwhattheyareaskedtodo．Atfirst,havethestudentsthinkwhattheymightwriteabout．

Thentellthemtomakealistofideasbeforestartingwriting．Thelistshouldincludethethreeparts,whathappenedfirst,whathappenednext,andwhatyoufinallyrealized．Theycanusethenotesin

Activity3bassamples．

Writeasamplelistontheblackboard:

Whathappenedfirst:schoolgate/met

Don/LiLei/waitingfor/ontheplayground/rantotheplayground．

Whathappenednext:gottotheplayground/noonewasthere．

WhatIrealized:Don/fooledme

Nextaskthestudentstowritetheirjokes．TellthemtheycanusethearticletheywroteforActivity3basamodel．

Aftertheystarttowrite,movearoundtheroomprovidinghelpasneeded．

Asksomestudentstoreadtheirarticlestotheclass．Correctasmanyofthearticlesaspossibleinclass．

Asamplewriting

OnAprilFool’sDayImetDonattheschoolgate．HetoldmethatLiLeiwaswaitingformeontheplayground．ThenIrantotheplayground．WhenIgotthere,Ifoundnoonewasontheplayground．

ThenIrealizedthatDonhadfooledme．

StepⅤ4

Thisactivityprovidesreading,speakingandlisteningpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Reviewthemeaningsoffunniest,mostembarrassingandmostcreative．Say,Eachofyouhastoreadyourjoketotheclass．

Theclasswillvoteonthefunniestjoke,themostembarrassingjokeandthemostcreativejoke．

Havetheclasshavealookatthesampleconversationintheboxbeforereading．

Askapairofthestudentstoreadittotheclass．

SA:What’syourjoke?

SB:Well,lastyear,onthefirstdayofschool,mysisterputapieceofpaperonmybackthatsaid"Pleasesayhello．"Alldayatschool,manystrangesaidhellotome．

Writetheconversationontheblackboard．Thenaskthestudentstoreadtheirstoriestotheclass．Afterallofthestudentshaveread,asktheclasstovoteforthefunniest,mostembarrassingandmostcreativestories．

StepⅥSummary

Inthisclass,wereadthreearticlesfirst．Andthenwewroteamagazinestorybasedonsomenotes．Nextwewroteajoke．Atlast,wevotedforthefunniestjoke,themostembarrassingjokeandthemostcreativejoke．

However,we’vedonemuchreading,writingandspeakingpractice．

StepⅦHomework

1．Readthethreearticlesaloudafterclass．

2．Correctthemagazinestoryandthejokeyouhavewritten．

3．Trytorememberthenewvocabulary．

StepⅧBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

SectionB

TheFifthPeriod

1．SamplenotestoActivity3c:

Whathappenedfirst:schoolgate/met

Don/LiLei/waitingfor/ontheplay-ground/rantotheplayground．

Whathappenednext:gottotheplay-ground/noonewasthere．

WhatIrealized:Don/fooledme．

2．Targetlanguage:

A:What’syourjoke?

B:Well,lastyear,onthefirstdayofschool,mysisterputapieceofpaperonmybackthatsaid"Pleasesayhello．"Alldayatschool,manystrangerssaidhellotome．

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheSixthPeriod

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

（1）Verbs

rush,realize,invite,showup,stayup．

（2）Writeanarticleaccordingtothepicturesgiven．

（3）Vocabulary

homework,look,costume,empty

2．AbilityObjects

（1）Trainthestudentstousetheseverbscorrectly:

rush,realize,invite,showup,stayup．

（2）Trainthestudents’writingskill．

3．MoralObjects

HaveyoueverhadasimilarSundaywithMing?Tellyourownstorytoyourclassmates．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPoints

1．Helpthestudentshaveaselfcheckonthekeywordsandtargetlanguageofthisunit．

2．Practiseusingtheseverbs:rush,realize,invite,showup,stayup．

3．Reviewthenewvocabularyintroducedinthisunit:homework,lock,costume,empty．

4．Directthestudentstowriteanarticleaccordingtothepicturesgiven．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

1．Helpthestudentsmakesentenceswiththeverbs．

2．Directthestudentstowriteanarticlewiththepicturesgiven．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Teachingbyprovidingsamplesentences．

2．Teachingbydescribingthepictures．

Ⅴ．TeachingAid

Justtheblackboard．

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIRevision

1．RevisethecontentsinthethreearticlesinActivity3aonpage72byaskingthequestionbelow

Questions

（1）Whatdidaradioprogramannouncein1938?

（2）Whathadhappenedbythetimetheauthoritiesrevealedthestorywasahoax?

（3）WhatdidareporterannounceonAprilFool’sDay?

（4）Whathadhappenedbythetimepeoplerealizedthatthestorywasahoax?

（5）WhatdidafamousTVstaroncedoonAprilFool’sDay?

（6）Whatwastheendingofthelaststory?

2．Askthreedifferentstudentstoreadthearticles．

3．Dictatethefollowingwords:

announce,convince,panic,authority,reveal,spaghetti,describe,hoax,thrill,flee/fled/fled．

StepⅡPart1

Thisactivityfocusesonvocabularyintroducedintheunit．Focusattentiononthebox．Inviteastudenttoreadthevocabularywordsatthetop．

Youareaskedtofillintheblankswiththewords．Insomecases,youmayneedtouseanotherformoftheword,forexample,adjustingfortenseorsubject/verbagreement．

Askstudentstofillintheblanksontheirown．Checktheanswers．Fivestudentseachreadsasentence,fillingintheblanks．Therestofthestudentschecktheirwork．

Answers

1．realized2．rush3．stayup4．invite5．showup

Askstudentstomaketheirownsentenceswiththewords,preferablysentencesthataremeaningful．Movearoundtheroom．

Collectafewstudents’answerswithmistakesontheblackboard．Alongwiththestudents’helpcorrectthemistakes．

Suggestedanswers

1．Assoonasthebellrang,thestudentsrushedtotheplayground．

2．Bythetimehegottotheofficeherealizedthathehadlockedallhiskeysathome．

3．Mr．GreeninvitedhisgoodfriendstohaveabigdinnerathomelastSunday．

4．Wehavetofinishthetaskbeforethebossshowsup．

5．Jackstayedupverylatelastnight．Hecouldn’twakeupontimethismorning．

StepⅢPart2

Thisactivityprovideswritingpracticeusingthetargetlanguage．

Havethestudentslookatthesevenpictures．Tellthechildrenthatthepicturesareconnectedtoeachotherinanorder．

Ask:WhatishappeningtoMing?

Getthewholeclasstoreadtheinstructions．Thenaskthestudentstodescribeeachpictureinorder．Writesomeusefulsentencesontheblackboard．Forexample,forthefirstpicture,helpthestudentstosayMingwakesupat10:00andthinkssheislateforschool．

Thesentencescanvary．

Afterdescribingeachpicture,askthestudentstowriteastoryaboutMing’sdayontheirown．Walkaroundtheroomofferinglanguagesupportifneeded．

Afterawhile,askafewstudentstotelltheclassaboutMing’sday．Lettherestoftheclasshelpcorrectthemistakesthattheymayhavemade．

Tellthemtoexchangetheirarticleswiththeirpartnersandhelpeachothercorrectthemistakes．Askthestudentstorewritetheirarticlestomakethearticlesperfectafterclass．

Asampleanswer

Mingwokeupat10:O0o’clockinthemorning．Shethoughtthatshemustbelateforschool．Soshegotupandrodeabiketoschoolwasempty．Shewastheonlyonethere．ThensherealizedthatitwasSunday．

Hergoodfriend,HanMei,cametoseeheraftershehadgothome．MingtoldHahMeithewholestoryhappenedinthemorningearlier．ItmadeHanMeilaughalot．

Mingwenttohergrandparents’housewithherparents．Theyhaddinnertogetherandtalkedhappily．

MingwatchedTVintheeveningandshewenttobedat10:00．

StepⅣPart3

Thisactivityfocusesonthenewvocabularyintroducedinthisunit．

Callthestudents’attentiontothebox．Havethemlookatthefourgroupsofwords．Getthestudentstoreadtheinstructionstogether．Askthemtocirclethewordsthatdon’tbelongineachgroup．

Thefirstonehasbeengivenasamodel．

Asksomestudentstotelltheiranswerstotheclass．Checktheanswerswiththewholeclass．

Answers

1．homework2．lock3．costume4．empty

StepⅤJustforFun!

Thisactivityprovidesreadingandspeakingpracticewiththetargetlanguage．

Callthestudents’attentiontothecartoonpictures．Tellthemtoseewhathappens．

Askthestudentstoreadthesentencesunderthepicturestogether．

Thenaskthechildrenwhatis,funnyaboutthiscartoon．Helpthestudentstoanswerlikethis:

Theboysawthecloudsandhefelttherainlongbeforehegothome．Heshouldhaverealizedmuchsoonerthathehadforgottenhisumbrella．

StepⅥSummary

Inthisclass,we’vepracticedusingsomeverbsandwe’vewrittenanarticlebasedonthepicturesgiven．Atlast,weenjoyedafunnycartoon．Allofyouhavedoneverywell!

StepⅦHomework

1．Reviseallthelanguagepointsinthisunit．

2．Finishofftheexercisesonpages36～38oftheworkbook．

3．Makeanothermoresentencewitheachverbbelow,rush,realize,invite,showup,stayup．

4．Rewritethearticle．

StepⅧBlackboardDesign

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,the

bushadalreadyleft．

Selfcheck

TheSixthPeriod

AnswerstoActivity1:

1．realized

2．rush

3．stayup

4．invite

5．showup

SampleanswerstoActivity1:

1．Assoonasthebellrang,thestudentsrushedtotheplayground．

2．Bythetimehegottotheoffice,herealizedthathehadlockedallhiskeysathome．

3．Mr．GreeninvitedhisgoodfriendstohaveabigdinnerathomelastSunday．

4．Wehavetofinishthetaskbeforethebossshowsup．

5．Jackstayedupverylatelastnight．Hecouldn’twakeupontimethismorning．

Unit9BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

TheSeventhPeriod

Reading:ChangingEnglish

Ⅰ．TeachingAimsandDemands

1．KnowledgeObjects

KeyVocabulary

quarter,normal,trafficlight,competition,significant,positionandsoon．

2．AbilityObjects

Trainstudents’abilityofidentifymainidea．

Trainstudents’abilityofunderstandingwordsincontext．

Trainstudents’abilityofreadingforspecialinformation．

3．MoralObject

IfyoucanspeakbothgoodEnglishandyournativelanguage,itmayhelpyougetmorechancesinsearchingjobs．

Ⅱ．TeachingKeyPointsKeyvocabulary

Readthetexttoidentifymainidea．

Readthetexttounderstandwordsincontext．

Readthetextforspecialinformation．

Ⅲ．TeachingDifficultPoints

Trainstudents’readingskill．

Ⅳ．TeachingMethods

1．Up-downreadingmethods．

2．Pairwork．

3．Groupwork．

Ⅴ．TeachingAid

Aprojector．

Ⅵ．TeachingProcedures

StepIKeyVocabulary

Thisactivityintroducesthekeyvocabularywords．

Showthefollowingvocabularyonthescreenbyaprojector．

quartern．四分之一

populationn．人口

nativeadj．本国的；本地的

speakern．说话者；演讲者

whereveradv．无论哪里

Singaporeann．新加坡人adj．新加坡人的；新加坡的

Indian．印度

Hindin．印地语；印地人adj．印度北部的

Germann．德语；德国（人）的

inventionn．发明；创造

businessn．生意；商业

Saythewordsandhavestudentsrepeatseveraltimesuntiltheycanpronouncethemfluentlyandaccurately．

StepⅡPart1

Thisactivityisdesignedtoactivatestudents’backgroundknowledgebeforeattemptingthereading．

ReadthetitleChangingEnglishtotheclass．Ask,Whatdoyouthinkthearticleisabout?

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．

Pointtothethreequestionsinthebox．

Say,YouaretodiscussthequestionsaboutEnglishwithyourpartner．Butdon’tlookatthereading．Useyourbackgroundknowledgeinstead．

Getstudentstocompletethetaskinpairs．Asthepairsworktogether,walkaroundtheroom．EnsurethattheyarediscussingthequestionsinEnglish．

Whenmoststudentsarefinished,invitepairsofstudentstoreporttheirresults．

Don’tsayyesornototheiranswers．

StepⅢPart2

Thisactivityprovidespracticeinscanningforspecificinformation．

Lookatthepicture．Askstudentstodescribewhatishappeninginthepicture．

Readtheinstructionsanddrawstudents’attentiontothelistofnumbers．Getastudenttosaythesampleanswerlikethis:In1950Englishstartedbeingmorepopularforscience．

Pleasereadthroughthearticlesilently．

Findinformationforthenumbers．Remembertoskimforthekeyideasratherthanreadslowly．Getstudentstoworkontheirown．Astheyaredoingthis,movearoundtheclassroomansweringquestionstheymayhaveandofferinglanguagesupportasneeded．

Checktheanswers．

Answers

1950—InthisyearEnglishstartedbeingmorepopularforscience．

10000—numberofwordsintheSouthAfricandictionarynotfoundelsewhereintheworld．

ahundred—numberofyearsagothat

Germanwasthemostpopularlanguageforscience．

onebillion—numberofpeoplelearningEnglish．

375million--thenumberofnativespeakersofEnglish．

StepⅣPart3

Thisactivityencouragesstudentstousethestrategyofreadingincontext．

Askstudentstoreadthearticleonce．

Say,Payattentiontotheboldwordandexpressions?Andnoteanyotherwordorsentenceyoudon’tunderstand．Readincontext,guessingstheirmeaningsfromtheotherwordsaroundthem．

Afewminuteslater,askdifferentstudentstosaythemeaningsofthewordsandexpressionsindicatedinboldbyguess．Don’tgivethemthecorrectanswers．Letstudentslookatthewordsandexpressionsandtheirmeaningsinthebox．Pointoutthesampleanswer．Thenaskstudentstomatchthecorrectmeaningswiththecorrectwordsandexpressions．Allowthemoneortwominutestodothis．

Checktheanswers．

Answers

quarterd,normala,trafficlighte,competitionf,significantb,positionc

Getstudentstomakesentenceswiththewordsandexpressions．Remindthemtolookatthearticleagainforextrahelp．

Answerstothisactivitywillvary．Askastudenttowritehis/heranswersontheblackboard．

Sampleanswers

1．Aquarterofstudentsinmyclassaregirls．

2．Ihopethesituationwillsoonreturntonormal．

3．Whenthetrafficlightsarered,youmuststop．

4．Hetookpartinaswimmingcompetition．

5．Listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefoursignificantskillsinlearningEnglish．

6．Sheisfitfortheposition．

StepⅤPart4

Thisactivityhelpsstudentsreadforspecificinformation．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．Callstudents’attentiontothechart．Askastudenttoreadthefivesentencestotheclass．Say,Youaretoreadthearticleagainanddecideifthesesentencesaretrueorfalse．Andcorrectthefalsesentences．

Givestudentsasampleanswertothefirstsentence．

T:Doyouthinkthefirstsentenceistrueorfalse?

SS:False．

T:Whyisitfalse?

SS:BecauseEgyptianssayWelcometoEgypt．

Getstudentstodotheactivityontheirown．Asstudentswork,movearoundtheroomansweringanyquestionstheymayhave．

Checktheanswers．Askdifferentstudentstogivetheiranswers．Forthefalsesentence,havethemgivethecorrectstatement．

Answers

FEgyptianssayWelcomeinEgypt．

FTrafficlightsinSouthAfricaarecalledrobots．

T

T

FHinglishofChineseandEnglishiscalledChinglish．

StepⅥPart5

Thisactivityletsstudentsworkingroupsandthinkcriticallyaboutwhattheyhaveread．

Readtheinstructionstotheclass．

Callstudents’attentiontothechart．Setatimelimitforstudentstogothroughallthesentencesandtheletteredlanguages．

Say,Theunderlinedwordscomefromdifferentlanguages．Youaretoreadthesentencesagainandguesswherethesewordscomefromorlookthemupinadictionary．Trytomatchthemwiththelanguagestheycomefrom．

Givestudentsasampleanswertothefirstsentence（ThewordmattresscomesfromArabic．）

Getstudentstodotheactivityingroupsoffour．Asthegroupsworktogether,walkaroundtheroomcheckingprogressandofferinghelpasneeded．

Checktheanswers．

Answers

mattressa．Arabic

pajamasd．Hindi

mosquitoesf．Spanish

snorkele．German

yoghurtb．Turkish

bazaarc．Persian

chauffeursh．French

sopranog．Italian

Culturenote

MostpeoplewhospeakEnglishasanativelanguagedon’thavethesamegrammaticalbackgroundaspeoplewhostudyEnglishasasecondlanguage．

However,whatapersonwhowasbornspeakingEnglishknowsiswhetherornotthingssound"right"．Heorshemightnotbeabletoexplainthereason,butwillusuallyhaveagoodsenseofhowEnglishshouldbeused．BecauseEnglishisalanguagemadeupfrommanydifferentlanguageswithalotofoddrules,alearnershouldbeabitflexibleandunderstandthatsomerulesaremadetobebroken．

StepⅦSummary

Inthisclass,we’vedonemuchreadingandwritingpractice．Anditimprovesourreadingcomprehensionability．

StepⅧHomework

AskstudentstocollectsomemorewordsusedinEnglishalongwiththedifferentlanguagestheycomefrom．

StepⅨBlackboardDesign

Reading:ChangingEnglish

TheSeventhPeriod

SamplesanswerstoActivity3

1．Aquarterofstudentsinmyclassaregirls．

2．Ihopethesituationwillsoonreturntonormal．

3．Whenthetrafficlightsarered,youmuststop．

4．Hetookpartinaswimmingcompetition．

5．Listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefoursignificantskillsinlearningEnglish．

6．Sheisfitfortheposition．

新目标Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushad&

Unit10BythetimeIgotoutside,thebushadalreadyleft．

一．学习目标（LanguageGoal）

1．Learntonarratepastevents．学会描述过去所发生的事情。

2．LearntoexpresssomethingwithPastPerfectTense.学习使用过去完成时态。

3．Strengthentheconsciousnessofdoingthingsregularly．做事加强连续性，有条不紊。

二．重点词组（Keyphrases）

1．bythetime到…时候为止

2．getoutside到外边

3．gettoschool到学校

4．getup起床

5．getintotheshower去洗澡

6．gethome到家

7．startdoing/todosth开始做某事

8．belatefor迟到

9．gooff（闹钟）闹响

10．wakeup醒来

11．comeout出来，出现

12．runoff迅速离开，跑掉

13．ontime准时

14．intime及时

15．comeby（走）过来

16．givesbaride让某人搭车

17．breakdown损坏，坏掉

18．showup出席，露面

19．stayup熬夜

20．acostumeparty一个化装舞会

21．sthhappentosb某事发生在某人身上

22．so…that…如此…以至于

23．setoff出发，开始

24．AprilFoolsDay愚人节

25．getmarried结婚

26．marrysb与某人结婚

27．both…and…二者…都…

28．getdressed穿好衣服

29．onthefirstday在第一天三.[交际用语]1．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

2．Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone

3．Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadalreadystartedteaching．

4．Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome

5．Haveyoueveroverslept?

6．Haveyoueverbeenlateforschool?

四.[重点难点释义](LanguagePoints)

1．getto意为“到达”。例如：

Whendidyougettherelastnight?

你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？

Igethomeat7:00everyday．

我每天7:00到家。

WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun．

我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。

辨析：get,arrive与reach

这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。

（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即getto＋地点名词，arrivein/at＋地点名词（in之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：

Howdidyouget/arrivethere?

你怎么到那儿的？

Igotto/arrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday．

我前天到的北京。

Whendoyouoftengetto/arriveatschool?

你经常什么时候到校？

Whenwillyouarrive?

你什么时候到？

（2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：

IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday．

我前天到的北京。

Wereachedhereonfoot．

我们步行到这儿的。

2．关于get的词组小结

在本单元出现大量关于get的词组，要注意背诵：

gettoschool到学校

getintotheshower去洗澡

getoutside到外边

gethome到家

getup起床

getmarried结婚

getdressed穿好衣服

gettoclass到班级

getbored变得无聊

gettired变得疲劳

3．Iveneverbeenlateforschool,butyesterdayIcameveryclose

我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。

（1）Ive是Ihave的缩写，havebeenlate是现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have/has＋动词过去分词。例如：

Ihavebeenheresince1999．

自1999年以来我就在这儿。

WehavelivedinJinanfor20years．

我们已经在济南住了20年了。

Shehasntworkedfor2years．

她已2年不工作了。

（2）belatefor意为“……迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：

Dontbelateforthemeeting．

开会别迟到了。

Jimwaslateforschoolagain．

吉姆上学又迟到了。

Tomhasbeenlateforclassestwice.

汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。

（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外cameveryclose意为“到时与迟到很接近”。

4．Myalarmclockdidntgooff,…闹钟没有大响……

gooff意为“爆发，大响”。例如：

Althoughthealarmclockwentoff,hedidntwakeup．虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。

与go有关的词组还有：

（1）goinfor“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：

Shegoesinforbird－watching．她爱好赏鸟。

（2）goon“进行，继续”。例如：

Pleasegoon．请继续。

（3）goondoingsth或goonwithsth“继续做……”。例如：

Hewentonworkingwithouthavingarest．

他一直工作，没停下来休息过。

（4）goover“调查，视察；越过”。例如：

Youmustgooveryourlessonsbeforetheexam．

考试前你必须复习。

5．…andIhadtowaitforhimtocomeout．……我不得不等他出来。

（1）haveto意为“必须，不得不”。例如：

Doyouhavetotakethetest?

你必须考试吗？

TomhastopracticespeakingChineseeveryday．

汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。

辨析：haveto与must

这两个词都可以表示“必须”。haveto更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有haveto的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：

Itisraining,wehavetostayathome.

天在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。

Wemustworkhard．

我们必须努力工作。

Lucydoesnthavetostand．

露茜不必站着。

Youmustntplayinthestreet．

你不能在街道上玩。

（2）wait是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组waitforsb．“等某人”，waittodosth．“等着做某事”，waitforsbtodosth．“等某人做某事”。例如：

Whoareyouwaitingfor?

你在等谁？

Theycantwaittoopenthepresents．

他们迫不及待地打开礼物。

Youcanwaitforhimtohelpyou．

你可以等着他帮你。

6．Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft．

不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。

unfortunately是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）－unlucky（不幸的），use（用）－useful（有用的），forget（忘记）－forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）－unfit（不合适的），fair（公平的）－unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）－unknown（不闻名的）等。

7．Luckily,myfriendTonyandhisDadcamebyinhisDadscarandtheygavemearide.

幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。

（1）comeby意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：

Pleaseletthecarcomeby．

请让车过去。

Goodjobsarenoteasytocomeby．

好工作不容易找到。

与come有关的其他词组：

1comeout”出来；开花；出版”。例如：

Themoonhascomeout．

月亮出来了。

Itstoocoldfortheflowerstocomeout．

天太冷了，花不开了。

2comeabout”发生，产生”。例如：

Tellmehowtheaccidentcameabout．

告诉我事情是怎么发生的。

3comeacross“（偶然）发现……，遇见……”。例如：

Icameacrosshisnameonthelist．

我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。

4comeafter”继……之后，接……而来”。例如：

SundaycomesafterSaturday．

星期天在星期六之后。

5comeback”回来”。例如：

Whendidhecomeback?

他什么时候回来的？

6cometooneself”苏醒，醒过来”。例如：

Atlast,hecametohimself．

最后他醒了。

7comefrom”来自”。例如：

JuliacomesfromAustralia．

朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。

（2）givesbaride意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。getaride意为“搭便车”。例如：

Canyougivemearide,Jack?

杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？

Iwanttogetaride.

我想搭个便车。

8．Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass．我恰好到教室。

makeit意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：

－Haveyougotthejob?

－你得到那份工作了吗？

－Yes,Imadeit．

－是的，我成功了。

9．Haveyoueverforgottentobringyourhomeworktoschool?

你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？

（1）辨析：forgettodo与forgetdoing

forgettodo指的是“忘了去做……”，即该事还未做；而forgetdoing则指“忘了做了……”，即该事已经做完。例如：

Dontforgettoturnofflightswhenyougoout．

出去时别忘了关灯。

Sorry,Iforgottobringthebooksagain．

对不起，我又忘了带书来了。

Lucyforgotlockingthedoor．

露茜忘了已锁了门了。

TomforgotturningoffTV．

汤姆忘了关了电视了。

（2）辨析：bring,take

bring意为“把……拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take意为“把……拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：

PleasebringmyEnglishbookhere.

请把我的英语书拿到这儿来。

Youcanttakethesemagazineshome.

你不能把这些杂志拿回家。

10．WhathappenedtoDavidonAprilFoolsDay?

愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？

（1）happentosb意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。例如：

Whathappenedtoyou?

你怎么了？

WhathappenedtoJim?

吉姆出什么事了？

（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：

1表示“在……节”用介词on；

2表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；

3用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；

4一般用复数名词的所有格，如：TeachersDay教师节，ChildrensDay儿童节，WomensDay妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：MothersDay母亲节，FathersDay父亲节等。例如：

DoyouoftengotoparksonChildrensDay?

你们儿童节经常去公园吗？

WhatdoyouusuallydoonNewYearsDay?

新年你们通常干什么？

DoyourfriendsplayjokesonyouonAprilFoolsDay?

你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？

11．Welleswassoconvincingthathundredsofpeoplebelievedthestory,andpanicsetoffacrossthewholecountry．

Welles是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。

（1）So…that…句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”

eg．Thisbookissointerestingthateveryoneinourclasswantstoreadit．

这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so＋形容词）

HeransofastthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim．

他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so＋副词）

So…that引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此……以至于”的模式来译成汉语。

eg．Itwassodarkthathecouldntseethefacesofhiscompanions．

天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。

（2）sothat主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。

eg．Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveintime

他们早早地出发以便按时到达。

Letstakethefrontseatssothatwemayseemoreclearly．

我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。

（3）setoff意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：

Theyllsetoffonajourneyaroundtheworld．

他们将要出发环球旅行。

Useblueeye－shadowtosetoffyourgreeneyes．

用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。

与set有关的其他词组：

1setaboutsth．“开始，着手”。例如：

Imustsetaboutmypacking．

我必须开始收拾行装了。

2setsb．againstsb．“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如：

Setyourselfagainsther．

跟她竞争。

3setin”开始”。例如：

Therainyseasonhassetin．

雨季已开始了。

4setout”出发，启程”。setsthout”展示，陈列”。例如：

Theysetoutatdawn．

他们在拂晓出发。

Hesetsouthisideasclearlyinhisessay．

他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。

5setup”建立，设立”。例如：

Thememorialwillbesetup．

纪念碑要建成了。

12．…becausethespaghettifarmersinItalyhadstoppedgrowingspaghetti．

……因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。

辨析：stopdoing与stoptodo

stopdoing指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stoptodo则是指“停下来去做”，即停下来的目的是去做，也就是开始做。例如：

Stoptalking,letsbeginourclass．

不要讲话了，我们开始上课。

Youaretoofatandyoumuststopeatingtoomuch．

你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。

Pleasestoptolistentome

请停下来听我说。

Themotherstoppedtolookafterherbaby．

那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。

13．Shewasthrilled,becauseshereallywantedtogetmarried．

她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。

（1）thrill为动词“震颤，使激动”，多用于被动语态bethrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如：

Wewerethrilledwithjoy．

我们高兴极了。

Shethrilledatthegoodnews．

她听到那个好消息很兴奋。

（2）want在此为动词“想，想要”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式todo。例如：

Doyouwantanice－cream?

你想要个冰激凌吗？

Iwantsomebreadandmilk．

我想要些面包和牛奶。

TomwantstolearntoplayChinesechess．

汤姆想学下中国象棋。

DoesLucywantstolearntodance?

露茜想学跳舞吗？

（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marrysb。

另外，词组getmarried意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。bemarried也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如：

JohnisgoingtomarryJane

约翰要和简结婚了。

Henrydidntmarryuntilhewasoverfifty．

亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。

Whenareyougoingtogetmarried?

你准备什么时候结婚？

Wehavebeenmarriedfortenyears．

我们已经结婚十年了。

Hisunclewillgetmarriednextmonth．

他叔叔下个月结婚。

五语法知识

1．PastperfectTense过去完成时

构成：had＋过去分词（had没有人称和数的变化）

过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。

eg．Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper．

我在晚饭前把作业做完了。

句中的supper既是过去某一时间，而hadfinished这一动作就是在supper之前完成的。如果只说Ihadfinishedmyhomework．听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时间而独立存在。

eg．BytheendofthatyearHenryhadcollectedmorethanonethousandforeignstamps．

到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是theendofthatyear）

eg．Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted．

当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是when从句）

动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加－ed，特殊动词须特殊记忆，如：have—had—had，get—got—gotten，begin—began—begun，leave—left—left，go—went—gone等。例如：

Shehadlearnt2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth．

到上个月末，她已经学了2000个英语单词了。

IhadntlearntJapanesebeforeIwenttoJapan．

我去日本之前没学过日语。

注意：过去完成时的否定句和疑问句直接通过had的变化即可。

2．when和bythetime引导的时间状语从句

bythetime到……时候为止，指从过去某一点到，从句所示的时间为止，这一时间段。when当……时候，指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时，主句为过去完成时。

eg．Bythetimeshegotup,herbrotherhadalreadygoneintothebathroom．

到她起床的时候，她的弟弟已经去洗澡间了。

Bythetimeshewentoutside,thebushadalreadygone

到她走到外面的时候，公共汽车已经走了。

Whenshegottoschool,sherealizedshehadleftherbackpackathome

当她到学校的时候，她意识到她把书包放在家里了。

（在这句话中，过去的时间点为“到校”的时候，“她把书包放在家里”则发生在“过去的过去”。）

3．Howtonarratepastevents．如何描述过去的事件

描述过去的事件，首要注意一点是时态。由于事情发生在过去，因此一定要用过去的某种时态。但如果是直接引语（如在双引号“”之内），则根据当时的情况来决定。

表示过去的时态有：

（1）一般过去时：结构：动词的过去式

（2）过去进行时：结构：was/were＋现在分词

（3）过去完成时：结构：had＋过去分词

（4）过去将来时：结构：would＋动词原形

请看例文1：

ItwasSunday．Iwenttoapooltofish．Ithoughttheremustbesomefishformetocatch．Iheldmyfishingpole,waitingpatiently．Suddentlyabigfishwascaught．Iwasgladandputitintomylittlebasket．BeforelongmysistercameWithoutawordsheputbackthefishintothewater．Iwasastonished．Ireallythoughtshebecamemad．Sheorderedmetoputdownthefishingpoleandledmetoaplacenotfaraway．Therestoodasign,reading”Nofishing”．IrealizedthatIwasmakingamistake

（注意观察文中时态的应用）

文章来源：http://m.jab88.com/j/89084.html

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