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八年级英语上册总复习教案

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m.Jab88.cOm八年级英语上册总复习教案
初二英语第三册牛津版总复习材料
I.Fillintheblankswiththefirstgivenletters
1.JayChouisveryfamousandheisoneofmybrother’sheroes.
2.Wehadagreattimeplayingcomputergamestogether.
3.Ioftenfeelboredatschoolbecausesomeoftheclassesaretoosimpleforme.
4.Truefriendscansharehappinesswitheachother.
5.Itwasgenerousoftherichmantogivehismoneytothepoorpeople.
6.Ithinkskiingisnotasdangerous/difficultasdiving.
7.Weshouldlistentopeople’sproblemsandsolvetheirproblems.
8.WhenIfeelunhappy,hetellsmefunnyjokesandmakesmelaugh.
9.Thecookcanmakemanytastydishes.
10.StudentsatRockyMountainHighSchooldonotwearuniformsanddonothavemorningassembly.
11.Inthegeographylessonswecanfindmanyplacesofinterest.
12.ThePyramidsinfrontofuslookedjustliketherealonesinEgypt.
13.IwanttokeepslimbutIdon’twanttoeatless.
14.Mybrotherjoinedthearmylastyear.Hewasthereforthreemonths.
15.Therearesomanyamazingthingsintheworld.Icanhardlybelievethemall.
16.Iaminterestedintheplacesofinterestbecausetheyareveryniceandinteresting.
17.Igotaninvitationletteryesterday.
18.Attheverybeginningofthemeeting,peoplesangasongtogether.
19.IfyouareinAmericayoucangetthedrivinglicensewhenyouareatschool.
20.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
21.Thereisheavytrafficduringtherushhour.
22.Ittakeslesstimetotraveltherebytrainthanbycoach.
23.It’sagoodideatowalkslowlyaroundthebiglakeandfeelthebeautyoftheoldpark.
24.WecannottravelbyundergroundtotheSummerPalace.
25.Someclimbersarepullingthemselvesupontherocks.
26.EverysummerholidayourschoolorganizessomestudentstogobirdwatchinginZhalongNatureReserve.
27.Itisdifficulttocalmdownthefootballfans.
28.Thisparklooksverystrange.It’salittledifficultfortourists/travelerstofindtheentrancetothepark.
29.Thewetlandprovidesfoodandshelterforthewildanimals.
30.Weshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheendangeredanimals.
31.Haveyouseenabirdwithaforkedtailandlongpointedwings?
32.Thechildrenscreamedbecausetheywerefrightened.
33.Manypeopledonotunderstandtheimportanceofwetlands.
34.---Lookatthebirdflyingoverthesea!---Itisaseagull.
35.Wecangetinformationfromnewspaperandtheinternet.
36.Ifyoulitteranywhere,youwillbeunwelcome.
37.Hethankedmanyfriends,includingme.
38.Whatpreventedyoufromjoininguslastnight?
39.IamgoingtosendanapplicationtobetheVIPofJinRunfasupermarket.
40.Tsunami(海啸)isoneofthenaturaldisasters.
41.Hehadatrafficaccidentyesterday.Fortunately(幸运地),hesurvived.Hewasasurvivor.
42.ThereisonlyaslightdifferencebetweenAandB.
43.Whentheearthquakestarted,peoplefeltashakingandthentheyraninalldirections.
44.Danieloftenmakesexcuseswhenheislateforschool.
45.Thetrafficwassobadbecauseasnowstorm/storm/sandstormcame.
46.Thereisawarningsignsaying“Nofishing”.
47.Ifyouhavenothingemergent(紧急的),don’tcall110hotlineforfun.
48.Aftertheaccident,manyvictimsaresenttothehospital.Thedoctorsareaskingtheirconditionsnow.
49.Ifyouwanttoknowthetimeofarrival,youcancallthetrainstation.
50.Ilistenedtoaradioprogrammeonwildanimalsyesterday.
II.Fillintheblankswithcorrectforms
1.MybestfriendCarolisverymusical(music),sheisgoodatplayingthepiano.
2.Motherisveryhumorous.Shehasasenseofhumour(humorous).
3.Thetableinthedininghallisabout50cminlength(long).
4.Don’tmaketoomuchnoise.Ourmonitorhastheabilityoforganizingactivities(activity).
5.Don’tlietome!Pleasespeaktruly(true).
6.WhenIfeltunhappy/sad(happy),myfriendfeltsad,too.
7.Breadhasalreadybecomeoneofthemostpopular(popular)foodsinourcountrynow.
8.Thereisasick(ill)mansleepingintheroom.
9.Whosehandwritingistheworst(bad)ofthethree.
10.Whocangivemesomeadvice(advise)onhowtolearnEnglishwell?
11.Myfathercancookhealthy(health)andtasty(taste)food.
12.Whatisyourideal(idea)job?
13.Jessicaisn’therself(she)todayandsheliesinhospitalnow.
14.Look!Herclothesarelike(alike)his.
15.Helpyourselves(you)tosomebananas,boysandgirls.
16.Leaves(leaf)arefallingfromthetreesnow.
17.Theyalwaysmakefriends(friendly)witheachother.
18.Intheend,thedoctorsavedthreepeople’slives(life).
19.Herchildrenarenotoldenoughtolookafterthemselves(them).
20.Hecameintotheroomquietly(quiet).
21.---Itastedsometastyroastchickensjustnow.
---Really?CanIhaveatasteofthem.
---Sorry,thereisnothingontheplatenow.(taste)
22.Giantpandasarenotasdangerousastigers.Buttheyareindangernow.Thatmeanstheyareendangeredanimals.(danger)
23.---Whatdoes‘Xiwang’mean?
---Itmeanshope.Themeaningofitishope.(mean)
24.Luckily,somepeoplesurvivedthetsunami,soweshouldtakeactionstohelpthesurvivors.(survive)
25.Theoldmanlivedonthelonelyislandalone,buthedidnotfeellonely.(alone)
26.Ifyoualwaysdotheexercisescarelessly,youwillmakethesamemistakes.Butifyoutrytobemorecareful,thingswillbebetter.(care)
27.Withthelossoflivingareas,agreatnumberofgiantpandashavelosttheirhome.(lose)
28.---WhatadvicedidSimongiveDaniel?
---SimonadvisedDanieltoweararaincoat.(advice)
29.Ifpeoplecontinuetodestroythenaturereserves,therewillbemorenaturaldisasters.(nature)
30.ItisimportantforthestudentstounderstandtheimportanceofEnglishstudying.(important)
31.Pleasedon’ttalkandlaughnoisilyintheclass.Idon’tlikethenoise.(noise)
32.ThetemperatureoftheAmazonrainforestsisrarelybelow26degreescentigrade.Ifyougothere,youwillseemanyrareanimals.(rare)
33.Theroomrateis400yuanpernight,including(include)breakfast.
34.Wearenowinvitingsecondaryschoolstudentstohelpus.First,wemustwriteaninvitationletter.(invite)
35.Myfavouritepetdogdied,thedeathofhimmakemecry.(die)
36.Italwaysthunders(thunder)andlightens(lighten)insummer.Iamafraidofthunder(thunder)andlightning(lighten).
37.Finally,peopleremoved(move)thebricksandstonesandsaved(safe)Timmyandputhiminsafety.(safe)
38.Theyarefrightenedbythefrighteningnoise.(fright)
39.Theyranwildlylikethewildanimals.(wild)
40.Zhalongisaprotected(protect)area.Studentsmusttrytheirbesttounderstandtheprotectionofit.(protect)
41.Attheverybeginningoftheearthquake,Ifeltaslight(violent剧烈的)shakingthroughmybody.
III.Fillintheblankswiththerightformsofthegivenverbs
1.Heusedn’ttobe(be)willingtohelp(help)others.Butnowhe’sreadytobe(be)generousanytime.
2.Itwascold.Mumadvised(advise)metowear(wear)mycoat.
3.Hernewhairstylemakes(make)herlook(look)prettier.
4.Sherarelyhas(have)hersoncook(cook)andsew(sew),does(do)she?
5.Mysisterhopestobe(be)ateacherwhenshegrows(grow)upinthefuture.
6.Shehopedthatshewouldbecome(become)adoctorwhenshewas(be)young.Luckily,herdreamcomes(come)truenow.
7.Thankyouforagreeing(agree)tolet(let)mebuy(buy)somethingtodrink(drink).IwassothirstybeforeIdrank(drink)atthatmoment.
8.Doesn’theknow(notknow)howtofinish(finish)doing(do)hishomework?It’swrongforhimtocopy(copy)others’homework.
9.Heoughtto(oughtto)solve(solve)theproblemonhisown.
10.Piecesofbricksfell(fall)downaroundhimandonehit(hit)him.Hehurt(hurt)hisheadandfelt(feel)sick.
11.Thetemperaturedropped(drop)to-7℃lastnight.
12.Therewillnotbe/arenot(notbe)morepandasuntilpeopledonotcontinue(continue)tokill(kill)themfortheirfuranymore
13.Iwouldliketolearn(learn)tospeak(speak)Englishwell.I’minterestedinlearning(learn)moreaboutpractising(practice)myspokenEnglish.
14.Thehousecaught(catch)fireyesterday.Luckily,noonewasburnt/burned(burn).
15.Diving(dive)ismyfavoritesport.Soisskiing(ski).
16.Don’tforgettoturn(turn)onthelightwhenyoustart(start)toread(read).
17.Wearetrying(try)ourbesttotake(take)actionstosave(save)thewildlife.
18.Hehasnotdecided(decide)toinvite(invite)mybrothertogo(go)swimming(swim)yet.
19.Ioftenheardhimsing(sing)intheroom.NowIseehimplaying(play)ontheground.
20.Aretheybusycounting(count)thebirds?
21.Don’tkeeptheteacherwaiting(wait)foralongtime.
22.It’snecessarytoprevent(prevent)desertsfromgetting(get)biggerbyplanting(plant)moretrees.
23.Now,weareplanning(plan)totake(take)atourofNanjingifitdoesnotrain(rain)tomorrow.
24.Wouldyoupleaseremind(remind)himtocall(call)meassoonashereturns(return)?
25.Myparentwascleaning(clean)thehouseateightyesterdaymorning.
26.Hehasalreadylearned/learnt(learn)abouttheimportanceofprotecting(protect)wildanimalsafterhejoined(join)intheclubcalled(call)‘WeLoveBirds’.
27.Listen!Heisordering(order)hischildtoget(get)upquickly.
28.Whydid/doyousuggest(suggest)chatting(chat)onthephone?Howaboutchatting(chat)ontheInternet?
29.Amomentago,Itold(tell)himthattherewouldbe(be)nobusesin30minutesandhehadto(haveto)hurry(hurry)tothebusstationatonce.Ifhegot(get)therewithin30minutes,hewouldcatch(catch)thelastbus.
30.Whynotwarn(warn)thechildnottoplay(notplay)withfireathome?Idon’tknowifheknows(know)it’sverydangerous.
IV.Writethecorrectwordsaccordingtothedefinitionsontheleft
1.begoodatorfondofmusic
musical
2.someoneinhisorherteens
teenager
3.publicnoticeinnewspaperandTVtoattractpublicattention
advertisement
4.astudentinthelastyearatahighschoolorcollege
senior
5.havingastrongandpleasanttaste
tasty
6.thevehiclesmovingalongaroadorastreet
traffic
7.amainroadbetweencities
highway
8.persuadesomebodytodosomethingbymakingthembelieveitisagoodthingtodo
encourage
9.apersonwhocatchesortriestokillwildanimals
hunter
10.keepsomeoneorsomethingsafefromdanger,injury,etc
protect
11.apieceoflandthatisaprotectedareaforanimals
reserve
12.tocontinuetoliveorexist
survive
13.inasituationinwhichsomebodyorsomethingmaysoondisappearornolongerexist
endangered
14.givesomethingtosomebody
provide
15.birds,plants,animals,etc,thatarewildandliveinanaturalenvironmentpeoplewhoarevisitingortravelingtoaplace
wildlife
16.living,notdead
alive
17.tokeepsomebodyinadangerousplaceorbadsituationthattheywanttogetoutofbutcannot
trap
18.givealongandloudcryoffear,painorexcitement
scream
19.shortquickmovementsfromsidetosideorupanddown
shaking
20.anunexpectedeventsuchasaverybadaccident,afloodorafirethatkillsalotofpeopleorcausesalotofdamage
disaster
V.Fillintheblackswiththerightformsofthegivenphrases
aswell,bedifferentfrom,drivesb.tosomeplace,havetwodaysoff,duringlunchtime
1.Afterhavingtwodaysoff,theyhadtoworkhardagain.
2.Can’tyouseethispairoftrousersisdifferentfromyours?
3.Nancy’sfatherdrovehertoschoolyesterday.
4.Sheisagoodstudent.Hissisterisagoodstudentaswell.
5.Duringlunchtime,wecanstayandplaywitheachother.
knowmoreaboutbirds,allyeararound,coveranareaof…,
underprotection,forashortstay,needvolunteersto…
1.MoreandmorebirdswhichareunderprotectionliveinZhalong.
2.AlmosteverystudentinBirdwatchingClubknowsmoreaboutbirdsthanotherstudents.
3.Thehugestadiumwhichisbeingbuiltcoversanareaof130,000squaremeters.
4.Itseldomrainsinthedesertallyeararound.
5.Weneedvolunteerstohelptheforeigners,whenthe2008OlympicGamesisheldinBeijing.
bedifferentfrom,walkto,help…with,rideto,belike
1.Mybuddyoftenhelpsmewithmyhomeworkatthebuddyclub.
2.John’sschoolshirtislikeDaniel’sschoolshirt,it’salsoblue.
3.SchoollifeintheUSAisdifferentfromthatinEngland.
4.IusuallywalktoschoolbecauseIlikewalking.
5.Yesterdaymyfatherrodetoworkbecausehiscarwasbroken.
atthebeginning,onthehighway,getoff,feelsick,joinin
1.Itwasawonderfuldaybutwedidn’tenjoyitatthebeginning.
2.Thecountryroadwasnotverygood,butitwasbetteronthehighway.
3.Mr.Green,pleasejoininthesong.
4.Ican’trunanymore.Ifeelsick.
5.Thebusstoppedandweallgotoffatonce.
upto,loseone’slife,onone’sown,interestedin,atthebeginningof
1.Thebabypandadrankhermother’smilkforupto14hoursaday.
2.Mothercan’tleavetheirbabiesontheirown.It’sverydangerous.
3.Thesoldierlosthislifewhenhesavedtheboyintheriver.
4.AtthebeginningofthisEnglishclass,ourteachertaughtusanEnglishsong.
5.Whatsportsareyourclassmatesinterestedin?
trap,fog,join,scream,calmdown
1.Wecaneasilygettrappedinanearthquake,soremembertokeepawayfrombuildingswhenitishappening.
2.Lotsofchildrenscreamedbecausetheydidn’tknowwhatwashappeningandtheywerefrightened.
3.Tocalmdowninanaccidentcanhelpyougetoutofdanger.
4.Millieaskedmetojoininherbirthdaypartythisweekend.
5.Whenitisfoggy,wecan’tseethethingsnearusclearly.
VI.Sentencetransformation
1.Animalsranwildlyeverywhere.
Animalsraninalldirections.(ineverydirection)
2.Peoplewereinahurrytomoveawaythebricksandstones.
Peoplehurriedtoremovethebricksandstones.
3.WhenIsawthemovieabouttheNanjingSlaughter,Icouldn’tstopbeingangry.
WhenIsawthemovieabouttheNanjingSlaughter,Icouldn’tcalmdown.
4.Ididn’tknowwhereIwouldgoinsummer.
Ididn’tknowwheretogoinsummer.
5.Peoplemustlivewithwaterandoxygen.
Peoplecan’tlivewithoutwateroroxygen.
6.“Don’tgotothestreetbyyourselves.”Fathersaid.
Fathertold(asked/ordered…)usnottogotothestreetalone.
7.Whenhearrived,everyonefeltrathersurprised.
Hisarrivalwasabigsurprisetoeveryone.
8.Ourschoollibrarywillprovidemoremagazinesandbooksforus.
Ourschoollibrarywillprovideuswithmoremagazinesandbooks.
9.IlikealotofsingingstarsandJayChouisoneofthem.
Ilikealotofsingingstars,includingJayChou.
10.Webuiltnaturereservestokeeppeoplefromhuntingwildlife.
Webuiltnaturereservestoprevent/keeppeoplefromhuntingwildlife.
11.Thezookeepergreeteduspolitely.
Thezookeepergaveuspolitegreetings.
12.MyEnglishteachercanspeakfluentSpanish.
MyEnglishteachercanspeakSpanishfluently.
13.PeopleprotecttheareaofZhalong.
Zhalongisaprotectedarea.
14.Ifpeoplegoontakingtheland,giantpandaswillhavenospacetolive.
Ifpeoplekeeptakingtheland,giantpandaswillhavenowheretolive.
15.Mothergiantpandasspendalotoftimeonthefeedingoftheirbabies.
IttakesMothergiantpandasmuchtimetofeedtheirbabies.
16.AlotofIraqipeoplediedintheIraqiWar.
Alarge(great)numberofIraqipeoplelosttheirlivesinthewarofIraq.
17.Theyfeltsadforlosingtheirlivingarea.
Thelossoftheirlivingareamadethemsad.
18.Somehuntershavefunkillingthewolves.
Somehunterskillthewolvesforfun.
Somehuntershaveagoodtimekillingthewolves.
19.Ihatewearingtheclotheswhicharemadeofanimalfur.
Idislikewearingtheclothesmadeofanimalfur.
20.WecannottravelbyundergroundtotheSummerPalace.
WecannottakeanundergroundtovisittheSummerPalace.
21.Doyoufeelfoodcomingupfromyourstomachformostofthetrip.
Doyoufeelsickformostofthetrip.
22.DaniellearntEnglishbyhimselfwhenhewasonly8yearsold.
DanieltaughthimselfEnglishwhenhewasat8.
23.LeiFengwasgladtogivehelpinghandstothosepeoplewhoneedhelp.
LeiFengwaswillingtohelpthosepeopleinneed.
24.Myfatherwasveryhumorousinthepast.
Myfatherhadagoodsenseofhumorbefore.
25.MissTangspeaksEnglishsoftly.Mr.CanspeaksEnglishmoresoftly.
MissTangdoesn’tspeakEnglishassoftlyasMr.Can.
MissTangspeaksEnglishlesssoftlythanMr.Can.
VII.Correction
1.Whenhewalkspassthedesks,heoftenknocksoffourbooks.past
2.Sheiskindandneverspeaksabadwordaboutanyone.says
3.Walkingisnotastiredasjogging.tiring
4.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountryintheworld.countries
5.IfeelhappywhenI’mwithherbecauseshehasasenseofhumorous.humour
6.Whatisyourauntlooklike?删/does
7.MysisterisinYear7inEnglandandmycousinisin8GradeintheUSA.8th
8.CanyoutellmewhatthedifferenceisfromCHEERandCHIN?between
9.WhenIwasastudent,Ihadalotoftimedooutdooractivities.todo
10.Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolarelessthan3000.is
11.Youneedexerciseeverydaybecauseyoudon’tlookhealth.healthy
12.Pleasesendmybestgreetingtoyourparents.greetings
13.Hegottoschoollatethismorningbecausetherewasalotoftrafficsoncityroads.traffic
14.Itwasinterestingtoseesuchmanyplacesofinteresting.so;interest
15.Wewillmakeitreallyfundayforeveryone.areallyfunday
16.WhenXiwangwasborn,sheweightjust100grams.weighed
17.HereissomeoftheproblemsthatXiwangmayhaveinthefuture.are
18.Manyanimalslosstheirlivesbecausepeoplebuyanimalfur.lose
19.Babygiantpandasspendalotoftimetodrinktheirmums’milk.drinking
20.Manywildanimalsareinthedanger.删
21.ZhalongNatureReserveprovidesfoodandsheltertowildlife.for
22.Somepeoplewanttochangethewetlandstomakemorespacesforfarmsandbuildings.
space
23.Thedeadofhiswifewasagreatblowtohim.death
24.Zhalongisaprotectarea.It’sincorrecttohuntorfishthere.protected
25.Theteacherwarnedustonottalkinclass.notto
26.TheTaiwanearthquakekilledtwothousandsofpeople.删
27.Unluckily,Jimdidn’tsurviveintheearthquake.删
28.WhenIwastrapIevendidn’tknowwhereIwas.trapped
29.Peoplewereingreathurrytomoveawaythebricksandstones.agreathurry
30.Becauseasnowstormcame,sothetrafficwasbadthismorning.删
VIII.Multiplechoice
()1.Timmytoldus___thefootballmatchlastnight.
A.onB.aboutC.forD.of
()2.FatheraskedSandyifshewasready___toschoolwithhim.
A.forgoB.goingC.togoD.goes
()3.---Helooks___.What’swrongwithhim?---Hehurthislegyesterday.
A.happinessB.unhappilyC.happyD.unhappy
()4.Nooneinmyclass___fromAmerica.
A.comesB.comeC.comingD.are
()5.Janehas___pooreyesight,shecan’tseethingsfivemetersawayfromher.
A.aB.theC.anD./
()6.Youcan’tspendsomuchtime___computergames.
A.playB.playsC.toplayD.playing
()7.---___isitfromyourhometoschool?---About30minutes’walk.
A.HowlongB.HowfarC.HowmanyD.Howmuch
()8.Wemusthurryup,___we’llmisstheplane.
A.orB.andC.butD.so
()9.Wewillstayhere,___youcomeback.
A.becauseB.soC.untilD.and
()10.Hewasborn___acoldmorning.
A.inB.atC.duringD.on
()11.Studentsshouldpractice___Englishasoftenastheycan.
A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.speaks
()12.Peopleranoutofthebookstorewildly,manyofthem___thebooksontheshelves.
A.knockedatB.knockedonC.knockedoverD.knockedin
()13.Thisphotograph___him___veryyoung.
A.makes;lookB.make;looksC.makes;looksD.make;look
()14.Hedecided___andhavefun___climbing.
A.going;togoB.togo;goC.going;goingD.togo;going
()15.___yourcoatthesame___Jim’s?
A.Is,asB.Does,likeC.Does,asD.Is,like
()16.JohnlearnsEnglishallby___.
A.himB.himselfC.hisD.he
()17.Sheis___ofallthegirlsinherclass.
A.tallB.tallerC.astallasD.thetallest
()18.Mr.MayaskedLucytogoand___whodidn’thandintheexercises.
A.findB.lookforC.findoutD.look
()19.Maryisgoodat___piano,andshewants___apianist.
A.playing,tobeB.playingthe,tobeC.playa,beD.toplay,be
()20.Thestudentswouldliketogoandseethemonument___theheroes.
A.ofB.forC.toD.on
()21.---MayIhaveanothercake,Mum?---Sorry.There’s___.
A.anymoreB.nomoreC.notsomemoreD.manymore
()22.Iamhappytohearthatthere___afootballmatchtomorrow.
A.willhaveB.willonC.isgoingtohaveD.willbe
()23.Theteacheriscoming.Pleasestop___andkeep___.
A.talking;quietB.talking;quiteC.totalk;quietD.totalk;quiet
()24.Bettyisabeautifulgirl___brighteyesandblackhair.
A.inB.hasC.withD.grows
()25.Hewassofrightened___hesawaghost.
A.likeB.looklikeC.asifD.seemed
()26.Hedidn’tknowwhere___.
A.togoB.canhegoC.hecangoD.hegoes
()27.Ilostmynewspaper___thewind.
A.inB.fromC.underD.of
()28.Ilikethisplacebecauseeverything___newtome.
A.areB.wasC.isD.were
()29.Wealwayshaveagreattime___films.
A.watchingB.watchC.watchedD.watches
()30.Lucylooks___Lily.They’re___.
A.like,likeB.like,alikeC.alike,likeD.alike,alike
()31.---Whatdoyouthinkofthefish?---Itlooks___,butIdon’tknowifittastes___.
A.delicious,wellB.well,deliciousC.well,nicelyD.delicious,good
()32.---Doyouknowmanypeople___inTangShanearthquake.
---That’sterrible.Ihopeeverything___intheworldnow.
A.losetheirlives,gowellB.losttheirlives,goeswell
C.losetheirlives,goeswellD.losttheirlives,gowell
()33.Don’tmake___,youshould___thetruth.
A.anexcuse,speakB.excuse,talkC.anexcuse,tellD.excuse,say
()34.Yesterdayhe___thebike,buthedidn’thurtbadly.
A.feeloffB.feltoffC.felldownD.felloff
()35.This___girlissolovely.
A.fouryearsoldB.four-year-girlC.four-year-oldD.six-months-old
()36.Cometoschool___youruniformtomorrow.
A.inB.withC.wearD.puton
()37.Theparents___foodandclothes.
A.providethechildrentoB.providethechildrenfor
C.providethechildrenagainstD.providethechildrenwith
()38.IfI___freenextSunday,I___tothefarmwithyou.
A.willbe,willgoB.am,willgoC.am,goD.willbe,go
()39.“Is___in?”Millieasked.Butnobodyanswered.
A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.one
()40.Hisfatherwrotemealetter___harder.
A.encouraginghimstudyingB.encouragingmetostudy
C.toencouragemestudyingD.toencouragemestudy
IX.Translation
1.我和Lily已经是很久的朋友。她是个真正的朋友,能保守秘密且不说别人的坏话。
LilyandIhavebeenfriendsforalongtime.Sheisatruefriend.Shecankeepsecretsandneversayabadwordaboutanyone.
2.这些天我很不开心,因为我在外语学习上有些问题。
Iamnotveryhappythesedays,becauseIhavesomeproblemswithEnglish.
3.我太紧张了,不能正确地回答这个问题。
Iamtoonervoustoanswerthequestioncorrectly.
4.她是个很安静的女孩。她常常独自坐在操场上。
Sheisaveryquietgirl.Sheoftensitsaloneintheplayground.
5.爸爸真的很乐于助人,他常常在我需要时给我些建议,并愿意随时帮助我。
Myfatherisveryhelpful.Heoftengivesmesomeadviceinneedandlikeshelpingmeanytime
6.我很了解我的朋友,我知道他长大后想当个医生。
Iknowmyfriendverywell.Iknowhewantstobeadoctorwhenhegrowsup.
7.迈克有很好的幽默感,他常让我们大笑。
Mikehasagoodsenseofhumour/humor.Heoftenmakesuslaugh.
8.他多么善良啊!他脸上总挂着笑。
Howkind!Healwayswearsasmileonhisface.
9.我认为爬山跟滑雪一样有趣。
Ithinkclimbingisasinterestingasskiing.
10.他视力不好,所以常弄翻他的书。
Hehaspooreyesight,soheoftenknocksoverhisbooks.
11.我们学校是一所混合学校.男生和女生一同上课.我们每天穿校服.我是个一年级的学生,我想要学习怎样读和写.
Ourschoolisamixedschool.Boysandgirlshavelessonstogether.Wewearuniform(s)everyday.Iaminyear/grade1.Iwanttolearnhowtoreadandwrite.
12.请告诉我怎样煮健康可口的食物.
Pleasetellmehowtocookhealthyandtastymeals.
13.我爸爸每天开车送我去学校.但明年我将在学校上驾驶课.
Myfatherdrivesmetoschooleveryday.ButIwillhavedrivinglessonsnextyear.
14.我和我的同学今晚将会上电视.你能开车送我回家吗?
MyfriendandIwillbeonTVtonight.Canyoudrivemehome?
15.丹尼尔捉的鱼比彼得捉的要少.
DanielcaughtfewerfishthanPeterdid.
16.刚才我读了一篇有关英国学校生活的文章.
IreadanarticleaboutlifeinBritishschooljustnow.
17.这个单词是什么意思?
Whatdoesthiswordmean?
18.我的弟弟能说一些英语.
MybrothercanspeakalittleEnglish.
19.我不知道如何解决这个问题.
Idon’tknowhowtosolvethisproblem.
20.每天他都花很多时间练习英语.
EverydayhespendsalotoftimepracticingEnglish.
21.你能找出两者之间更多的不同吗?
Canyoufindmoredifferencesbetweenthem?
22.这栋楼比那栋楼高得多.
Thisbuildingismuchtallerthanthatone.
23.我决定多做运动来保持苗条的身材.
Idecidetodomoreexercisetokeepfit/slim.
24.我们将尽可能快的参加游行.
Wewilljoinintheparadeassoonaspossible.
25.当汽车停下后,我们很快的下了车.我们要参观许多的景点
Wegotoffquicklywhenthecoachstopped.Wewantedtovisitlotsofplacesofinterest.
26.Kitty和我在大部分的旅行中感到不舒服.
KittyandIfeltsickformostofthetrip.
27.谢谢你同意让我今天旅行.
Thankyouforagreeingtoletmegoonthetriptoday.
28.我们正坐在塞那河畔的一家小咖啡店里.
WearesittinginalittlecoffeeshopbytheRiverSeine
29.金门大桥是由钢做的.(steel)
TheGoldenGateBridgeismadeofsteel.
30.我喜欢从一个地方到另一个地方旅行.
Iliketravelingfromoneplacetoanother.
31.路上有很多的车.
Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
32.我要坐在公车的前面。我要拍一些照片。
IwantsitatthefrontofthebusbecauseIwanttotakesomephotos.
33.每个人都准备好玩捉迷藏。你想知道他藏在那里?
Everyoneisreadytoplayhide-and-seek.Doyouwonderwhereheishiding?
34.一些登山者在攀爬岩石。其中一个刚刚摔伤了腿。
Someclimbersarepullingthemselvesupontherock.Butoneofthemhurthislegjustnow.
35.篮球决赛将在体育馆举行。请为我们的队伍欢呼。
Thebasketballfinalwilltakeplaceinthestadium.Pleasecheerforourteam.
36.他要去颁奖仪式。你对这件事由什么看法?
Hewantstogotothepresentationofcupandmedals.Whatisyouropiniononthisthing?
37.希望开始第一次走出家门.
XiWangstartedtogooutsideherhomeforthefirsttime.
38.她长成一只健康的年轻大熊猫.
Shegrewintoahealthyyounggiantpanda.
39.希望每天喝妈妈的奶14小时.
XiWangdrankhermother’smilkforupto14hoursaday.
40.学校篮球队每周训练四次.
TheSchoolBasketballTeamtrainfourtimesaweek.
41.人们可用虎骨来制药.
Peoplecanmakemedicinefromtiger’sbones.
42.这套校服穿在你身上看上去很漂亮.
Theschooluniformlooksbeautifulonyou.
43.他叔叔去年在美国挣了很多钱.
HisunclemademuchmoneyinAmericalastyear.
44.我们不应该把很多时间花在电脑游戏上.
Wemustn’tspendtoomuchtimeoncomputergames.
45.保护野生动物对人们来说很重要.
It’simportantforustoprotectwildanimals.
46.英语老师总是鼓励我们课后上网查找信息.
OurEnglishteacheralwaysencouragesustolook/searchforinformationafterclass.
47.许多鸟全年都在扎龙自然保护区生活,而有些鸟去那儿仅作短暂停留.
ManybirdsliveinZhalongallyearround,andsomegothereforashortstay.
48.中国政府正在尽最大努力保护这些濒临灭绝的动物.
Chinesegovernmentistryingitsbesttoprotecttheseendangeredanimals.
49.扎龙在一个特别的地方,因为它对于许多植物,动物和鸟儿来说是一个理想的国家.
Zhanglongisaspecialplace,becauseitistheidealhomeformanybirds,animalsandbirds.
50.在中国,越来越多的人对学英语感兴趣.
InChina,moreandmorepeoplebecomeinterestedinstudyingEnglish.
51.必须采取措施来控制人口的增长.
Somethingmustbetakentolimit/mustbedonetocontroltheincreasingpopulation.
52.他告诉我们不要喧哗,也不要跑动.
Hetoldustobequietandnottorun.
53.研究扎龙有助于我们了解野生动物的保护.
StudyingZhalonghelpsuslearnmoreaboutprotectingwildanimals.
54.我们希望这些资料能帮助人们明白并采取行动保护野生动物.
Wehopethisinformationwillhelppeopleunderstandandmakethemknowhowtopretectwildlife.
55.今年,我们观鸟俱乐部的成员正在研究扎龙地区的各种鸟类及它们数量的变化.
Thisyear,membersofourbird-watchingclubarestudyingdifferentkindsofbirdsandthechangesintheirnumbers.
56.这个地区是个理想的野生环境区,因为它为野生动物提供了事物和庇护的场所.
Theareaisanidealnaturereservebecauseitprovidesfoodandshelterforthem.
57.在唐山大地震中,成千上万的人遇难.
TheTangShanearthquakekilledthousandsofpeople.
58.我努力跑到街上.
Itriedmybesttoranouttothestreet.
59.恐惧一瞬间穿过我的大脑.
Amomentoffearwentthroughmymind.
60.人们急忙搬开石头和砖块.
Peoplewereinagreathurrytomoveawaystonesandbricks.
61.温度将下降一点.
Thetemperatureisgoingtodropalittle.
62.不要找借口.
Don’tmakeexcuses.
63.我们在风中丢了我们的伞,我们只好在暴风雨中行走.
Welostourumbrellainthewind,wehadtowalkintherainstorm.
AmanSuNingthe110using/withhis.
64.吴老师警告我们不要跑.
Mr.Wuwarnedusnottorun.
65.警察晚上7点45到达,然后把伤员送到阳光医院.
Policemenarrived/cameat7:45p.m.andthensentthewoundedtoSunshinehospital.
66.一个叫做苏凝的男人用他的手机拨了110.
AmancalledSuNingcalledthe110hotlineusing/withhismobilephone.

精选阅读

八年级上册数学总复习


教案课件是老师上课中很重要的一个课件,大家静下心来写教案课件了。只有规划好了教案课件新的工作计划,这样我们接下来的工作才会更加好!你们会写教案课件的范文吗?急您所急,小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“八年级上册数学总复习”,相信能对大家有所帮助。

初二数学上册总复习训练(3)
复习内容:第15章《整式的乘除和因式分解》
本章要掌握的知识:
1.会推导整式乘除法的一些法则,会熟练的进行整式的乘除法。
2.会将多项式进行添括号和去括号。
3.会将多项式熟练的进行因式分解。
本章知识结构:
1.整式的乘法幂的运算性质:同底数幂的乘法
幂的乘方
积的乘方
单项式乘以单项式
单项式乘以多项式
多项式乘以多项式
乘法公式
2.整式的除法幂的运算性质:同底数幂的除法
单项式除以单项式
多项式除以单项式
3.因式分解提公因式法公式法
十字相乘法分组分解法

【练习1】口答:
(1)x3x2=(103)5=(-3x)3=
(2)105.103.10=(am)2=(-5ab)2=
(3)-y3y4=-(x4)3=(xy2)2=
(4)Xm+2.x3m=(a4)4=(-2xy3z2)4=
【练习2】计算
(1)5x2y2(-3x2y)
(2)(-2ax2)2.(-3a2x)3
(3)5b2c.(3ab-2b3)
(4)(4x2-3x+6).2x
(5)先化简,再求值:x2(x-1)-x(x2+2x-6),其中x=2

【练习3】计算
1.x(4x-y)-(2x+y)(2x-y)
2.(a+2b)2+(a-2b)2
3.(a-b)2-(a+b)(a-b)
4.(x+y+z)(x-y-z)
5.(x-y-z)2

【练习4】计算
【练习5】因式分解
1.a2-ab
2.3a3+12ab2-9a4b3
3.-8x4y+6x3y-2x2y
4.m(4x+y)-2mn(4x+y)
5.3a(a-2b)2-18b(2b-a)2
6.x2-81
7.x3-4x
8.25m2-10mn+n2
9.4(x-y)2+12(y-x)+9
10.x2-4x-5

2013年八年级上册英语总复习资料(新目标)


P[Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?

Activities:(写出动词过去式)

goonvacation去度假beonvacation度假stayathome待在家里gotothemountains去爬山

gotothebeach去海滩visitmuseums参观博物馆gotosummercamp去参观夏令营

quiteafew相当多studyfor为……而学习goout出去mostofthetime大部分时间

tastegood尝起来很好吃haveagoodtime玩得高兴ofcourse当然

feellike给……的感觉;感受到feellikedoingsth

goshopping去购物inthepast在过去walkaround四处走走becauseof因为

onebowlof…一碗……thenextday第二天drinktea喝茶findout找出;查明goon继续

takephotos照相somethingimportant重要的事upanddown上上下下comeup出来

不定代词有all,each,both,either,neither,one,none,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no,(a)few,(a)little,both,enough,every等,以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词(即somebody,anyone,nothing等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词none以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no和every则只用作定语。

复合不定代词:由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词,叫做复合不定代词。

somebody=someone某人something某物,某事

anybody=anyone任何人anything什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物

nobody=noone没有人,不重要的人nothing没有东西,什么也没有;不重要的人或事

everybody=everyone每人,人人,所有人everything每一个事物,一切

词组:fornothing(徒劳,没有好结果,免费),nothingbut(仅仅,只不过),

It’snothing.(不用谢,不必在意)anybodyelse(别人)

(1)复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语。

Everythingismadeofelements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)

Ihavenothingtosaytoady.我今天没什么可讲的。(作宾语)

That`snothing.没什么。(作表语)

(2)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

(3)代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词,用it;代替与-body,-one构成的复合不定代词,一般用they,在正式文体中可用he。

如:Everyoneknowswhattheyhavetodo,don’tthey?

Everyoneknowswhathehastodo,doesn’the?每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?

(2)something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情要告诉你。(肯定句)

Someoneisaskingtoseeyou.有人要见你。(肯定句)

Hasanythinghappened?出什么事了吗?(疑问句)

Wecan`tdecideanythingnow.我们现在不能作什么决定。(否定句)

Ifyouwantanything,callme.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。(条件状语从句)

(3)复合不定代词被定语所修饰时,形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。

Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.这机器没出什么毛病。(形容词)

Thisissomethingspecial.这是种特别的东西。(形容词)

Isthereanythingimportantintoday``snewspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?(形容词)

Doyouwantanythingtodrink?你想喝点什么吗?

IfthereisanythingIcandoforyou,pleasetellme.如果有什么我能帮你的,请告诉我。

④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外,即everyone、everybody、someone,somebody都有所有格形式;当其后有else时,’s要加在else后面。如:Thatmustbesomebodyelse’scoat;itisn’tmine.那一定是别人的外衣,不是我的。

⑤everyone=everybody,anyone=anybody,只指人,不能与of短语连用;everyone,anyone可指人也可指物,一定要与of连用才可以。如:Isanybodyhere?有人吗?

Youcantakeanyoneofthese.你可以随便拿一个。

⑥与some-,any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some,any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中,not…any-构成完全否定,但没有any-…not的说法;与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中

:分合皆能单独用,后加of合不成。

:不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。

buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.为某人买某物

taste+adj.尝起来…look+adj.看起来…smell闻起来sound听起来feel感觉起来

tastedelicious…lookbeautiful…smellterrible…soundwonderful…feelcomfortable/tired/bored/

nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有

seem+(tobe)+adj.看起来……Nooneseemedtobebored.

seemtodosth.

arrivein+大地点/arriveat+小地点到达某地

decidetodosth.决定去做某事

trydoingsth.尝试做某事/trytodosth.尽力去做某事

forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事/forgettodosth.忘记做某事

enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事

wanttodosth.想去做某事startdoingsth.开始做某事

stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事

keepdoingsth.继续做某事keepondoingsth.反复做某事有小停歇

Whynotdo.sth.?为什么不做……呢?

so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……

itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth对某人来说做…怎么样

tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人(不要)做某事asksb.(not)todosth.要求某人(不要)做某事

wantsb.(not)todosth.想要某人(不要)做某事

1.anywhere与somewhere两者都是不定副词。

anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问句中。Ican’tfinditanywhere.

somewhere在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.

2.seem+形容词看起来…..Youseemhappytoday.

seem+todosth.似乎、好像做某事Iseemtohaveacold

Iseems/seemed+从句看起来好像…;似乎….Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.

seemlike….好像,似乎…..Itseemslikeagodidea.

3.decidetodosth.决定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.

decide+疑问词+动词不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.

4.startdoingsth=starttodosth.开始,可与begin互换。Hestarteddoinghishomework.

但以下几种情况不能用begin.

1)创办,开办:Hestartedanewbllkshoplastmonth.

2)机器开动:Ican’tstartmycar.

3)出发,动身:Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.

5.over介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)=morethan

Myfatherisover40yearsold.

在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与under相反。Thereisamapovertheblackboard.

超过:Ihearthenewsovertheradio.

遍及:Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.

6.toomany太多,后接可数名词复数:Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.

toomuch太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。

Wehavetoomuchworktodo.Don’ttalktoomuch.

Muchtoo太,修饰形容词或副词。

Thehatismuchtoobigforme.You’rewalkingmuchtoofast.

分辨三者的口诀:toomuch,muchtoo,用法区别看后头:much后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。

toomany要记住,后面名词必复数。

7.becauseof介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。

Hecan’ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.

because连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。

Idon’tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?

helpwithhousework帮助做家务onweekends在周末howoften多久一次hardlyever几乎从不

onceaweek每周一次twiceamonth每月两次everyday每天befree有空

gotothemovies去看电影usetheInternet用互联网swingdance摇摆舞playtennis打网球

stayuplate熬夜;睡得很晚atleast至少havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课

gotobedearly早点睡觉playsports进行体育活动

begoodfor对……有好处sb.spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度过时光

bebadfor对……有坏处sb.spendtime/moneyonsth.在某方面花费时间/金钱

begoodwith与……友好相处sb.spendtime/moneyindoingsth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱

begoodatsth./doingsth擅长某事/做某事

befriendlywithsb.与某人友好相处

befriendlytosb.对某人友好

bekindtosb.对某人友好

gocamping去野营

not…atall一点儿也不……inone’sfreetime在某人的业余时间themostpopular最受欢迎的

suchas比如;诸如oldhabitsdiehard积习难改gotothedentist去看牙医

mornthan多于;超过lessthan少于

helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事Howabout…?......怎么样?/……好不好?

wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事Howmany+可数名词复数+一般疑问句?……有多少……?

主语+find+that从句.……发现……It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事的……的。

asksb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事

bydoingsth.通过做某事What’syourfavorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么?

thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式Which…doyoulikebest?你最喜欢

词语辨析:

1.howoften多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once,twice,threetimes等词语。

Howoftendoyouplaysports?Threetimesaweek.

howlong多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。

HowlongdoesittaketogettoShanghaifromhere?Howlongistheruler?

howfor多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近。Howfarisitfromheretothepark?It’sabout2kilometers.

1.free空闲的,有空的,反义词为busy.befree有空,闲着,相当于havetime.

I’llbefreenextweek.=I’llhavetimenextweek.

还可作“免费的、自由的”解。befreetodosth.自由地做某事。

Theticketsarefree.You’refreetogoortostay.

2.Howcome?怎么会?怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句why,但howcome开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。

HowcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?

3.stayuplate指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。Don’tstayuplatenexttime.

stayup指“熬夜,不睡觉”。Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.

4.gotobed强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。Iwenttobedatelevenlastnight.

gotosleep强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。Shewassotiredthatshewenttosleepsoon.

5.find+宾语+名词,发现:Wehavefoundhim(tobe)agoodboy.

find+宾语+形容词,发现:Hefoundtheroomdirty.

find+宾语+现在分词,发现:Ifoundherstandingatthedoor.

6.percent百分数,基数词+percent:percent没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Fortypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Thirtypercentoftimepassed.

7.morethan超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为:lessthan.IlivedinShanghaiformorethan/overtenyears.

9.afraid形容词,担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。

I’mafraidwecan’tcomehereontime.

beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事;beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事。

Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.

I’mafraid+从句,恐怕,担心:I’mafraidIhavetogonow.

beafraidtodosth害怕做某事

10.sometimes,sometime,sometimes,sometime的区别:

sometimes频度副词,有时。表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。

SometimesIgetupveryearly.------Howoftendoyougetup?

sometime副词,某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.

IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.------WhenwillyougotoShanghainextweek?

sometimes名词词组,几次,几倍。其中time是可数名词,对它提问用howmanytimes.

Ihavereadthestorysometimes.-------Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthestory?

sometime名词短语,一段时间.表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用Howlong.

I‘llstayhereforsometime.-----Howlongwillyoustayhere?

Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.

BothSamandTomcanplaythedrums,butSamplaysthembetterthanTom.

That’sTara,isn’tit?

Areyouasfriendlyasyoursister?

I’mshysoit’snoteasyformetomakefriends.

moreoutgoing更外向as…as…与……一样……thesingingcompetition唱歌比赛

besimilarto与……相像的/类似的bethesameas和……相同;与……一致bedifferentfrom与……不同

careabout关心;介意lookafter照顾takecareof照顾

belikeamirror像一面镜子themostimportant最重要的

aslongas只要;既然bringout使显现;使表现出getbettergrades取得更好的成绩

reachfor伸手取infact事实上;实际上makefriends交朋友theother其他的

touchone’sheart感动某人betalentedinmusic有音乐天赋

begoodat擅长……begoodwith善于与……相处

havefundoingsth.享受做某事的乐趣begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事makesb.dosth.让某人做某事

wanttodosth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级+as与……一样……

It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.对某人来说,做某事……的。

词语辨析:

laughv.n.笑

Wealllaughedloudlywhenshemadeajoke.她说了个笑话,我们都大声笑起来。

Wealllaughedathisjoke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。

Helaughsbestwholaughslast.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。

(与at连用)嘲笑

Don’tlaughathim.别嘲笑他。

Peoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。

Everyonelaughedathisfoolishantics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。

笑;笑声Wehadagoodlaughathisjoke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。

thoughconj.虽然;纵然;即使;尽管=although

Thoughitwasraining,hewentthere.虽然当时正下着雨,他还是到那里去了。

Thoughhewaspoorhewashappy.虽然他很穷却很快乐。

注意:不能受汉语的影响,在though引导的从句后使用but。如:

Thoughhewaspoor,buthewashappy.(误)

thoughadv..不过,可是,然而,常用于句末,用逗号隔开。

Jimsaidthathewouldcome,hedidn’t,though.

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级

大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:1)原级(不作比较),修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really;2)比较级,表示“较……”或“更……”的意思(两者之间进行比较),标志词than,AorB,ofthetwo,修饰词much,alot,alittle;3)最高级,表示“最……”的意思(三者或三者以上作比较),形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in(of)短语来什么比较的范围。

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:

构成方法原级比较级最高级

单音

节词

和部

分双

音节

词一般在词尾加-er或-esthigh

shorthigher

shorterhighest

shortest

以字母e词尾的词,加-r或-stlate

finelater

finestlatest

finest

重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写辅音字母,再加-er或-esthot

big

thin

fathotter

bigger

thinner

fatterhottest

biggest

thinnest

fattest

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把“y”改为“i”,再加

-er或-estfunny

easy

early

funnier

easier

earlier

funniest

easiest

earliest

多音节词和部分双音节词

在词前加more或mostbeautiful

athletic

outgoingmorebeautiful

moreathletic

moreoutgoingmostbeautiful

mostathletic

mostoutgoing

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:

原级比较级最高级

good/wellbetterbest

bad/badlyworseworst

many/muchmoremost

littlelessleast

far

farther(更远)

further(更深远)farthest(最远)

furthest(最深远)

as…(原级)as与……一样……notas/so…as不如

LimingisastallasJim.JackrunsasfastasTom.

Lilyisnotas/sotallasLucy.=LilyisshorterthanLucy.

Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?

1.Ithasthebiggestscreens.

2.TheDJschoosesongsthemostcarefuuly.

3.Howdoyoulikeitsofar?到目前为止,你认为它怎么样?

4.Thanksforgettellingme.

5.CanIaskyousomequestions?

movietheater电影院closeto…离……近clothesstore服装店intown在镇上

sofar到目前为止10minutesbybus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程talentshow才艺表演

incommon共同;共有aroundtheworld世界各地;全世界moreandmore……越来越……

andsoon等等allkindsof……各种各样的beupto是……的职责;由……决定

noteverybody并不是每个人makeup编造(故事、谎言等)playarolein…在……方面发挥作用/有影响

forexample例如take…seriously认真对待givesb.sth.给某人某物cometrue(梦想、希望)实现;达到

CanIaskyousome…?我能问你一些……吗?

Howdoyoulike…?你认为……怎么样?

Thanksfordoingsth.因做某事而感谢。

Whatdoyouthinkof…?你认为……怎么样?

much+adj./adv.的比较级……得多

watchsb.dosth.观看某人做某事

playaroleindoingsth.发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色

oneof+可数名词的复数……之一

形容词和副词的最高级

比较级有变化,一般词尾加-er,最高级有变化,词尾加上-est,

词尾若是哑音e,直接加r就可以,词尾若是哑音e,直接加上-st,

辅音字母加y,记得把y变i加-er,辅音字母加y,y变i再加-est,

一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-er,一辅重读闭音节,末尾双写加-est,

形副音节123,比较等级more在前。形副单词多音节,最高级前themost。

1.表示由动词加-ing或-ed构成的形容词。

2.表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。

3.表示部分双音节及多音节词。

tall--tallershort--shorterlong--longer

fat--fatterheavy--heavierthin--thinner

cute--cuterclever--cleverest

strict--stricterkind--kindernice--nicer

calm--calmerwild--wildersmart--smarter

quiet--quieterloud-loudershy--shier

lovely--lovelierpretty--prettierugly-uglier

funny--funnierfriendly--friendlier/lessfriendly

happy--happierlazy--lazier

popular--morepopularoutgoing–moreoutgoingtalented--moretalented

serious–more/lessseriousactive--moreactiveathletic--moreathletic

handsome--morehandsomebeautiful--morebeautifulhardworking–more/lesshardworking

(jump)high--higher(run)fast--faster

(work)hard--harder(getup)early--earlier

(sing)well--singbetterlate--later

(dance)well--dancebetter

(playbasketball)well--(playbasketball)better

begoodat--bebetterat(feel)good--(feel)better

(sing)clearly--(sing)moreclearly(speak)loudly--(speak)moreloudly

calmly--morecalmlywildly--morewildly

quietly--morequietlyseriously--moreseriously

actively--moreactively

Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?

thinkof认为learnfrom从……获得;向……学习findout查明;弄清楚talkshow谈话节目

gameshow游戏节目soapopera肥皂剧goon发生watchamovie看电影apairof一双;一对

tryone’sbest尽某人最大努力asfamousas与……一样有名haveadiscussionabout就……讨论

oneday有一天suchas例如dressup打扮;梳理takesb.’splace代替;替换

doagoodjob干得好somethingenjoyable令人愉快的东西interestinginformation有趣的资料

oneof……之一looklike看起来像aroundtheworld全世界asymbolof……的象征

letsb.dosth.让某人做某事plantodosth.计划/打算做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事

happentodosth.碰巧做某事expecttodosth.盼望做某事Howaboutdoing…?做……怎么样?

bereadytodosth.乐于做某事tryone’sbesttodosth.尽力做某事

1.theother,theothers,other,others,another辨析

theother表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分,可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时,常用one…theother…。例:

Hehastwobrothers,oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.

Therearefortystudentsinourclass.twenty-onearegirls,theothernineteenareboys.

theothers特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物),是theother的复数形式,相当于theother+复数名词。theother+复数名词=anyother+名词单数。例:

Youtwostayhere,theothersgowithme.

I’mdifferentfromJeffbecauseI’mlouderthantheotherkids(anyotherkid)inmyclass.

other作代词或形容词,可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例:

WelearnChinese,Maths,Englishandothersubjects.

others作代词,泛指“其他的人或物”。例:

Somestudentsaredoinghomework,othersaretalkingloudly.

another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例:

Idon’tlikethisone.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.

3.findout查明,弄清楚,find找到

PleasefindoutwhenMrsGreenwillgotoBeijing.

4.goon发生,与takeplace同义

Iwonderwhatwasgoingon.

翻译:隔壁发生了什么??

1.happenv.发生,一般指偶然发生,主语为事,不能为人。

Sth+happenstosb.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohiselderbrotheryesterday.

Sth+happens+地点/时间,意为:某地/某时发生了某事

AnaccidenthappenedonParkStreet.

happenv,表示“碰巧”,主语可以是人,后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”.

Sb+happenstodosth.

Ihappenedtoseemyuncleonthestreet.

*takeplace意为“发生,举行,举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例:

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.

ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.

2.expectv.期待,盼望,预期,后常接四种结构:

1)expect+名词/代词,期待某事/某人,预计……可能发生。

I’mexpectingLiLin’sletter.

2)expecttodosth.预计做某事

Lilyexpectstocomebacknextweek.

3)expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事

Iexpectmymothertocomebackearly.

4)expect+从句预计……

IexpectedthatI’llcomebacknextMonday.

7.seriousa.严肃的,认真的。Heisaseriousman.

beseriousaboutsb/sth.对某人/某事当真

PeterisseriousaboutJenny.Hewantstogetmarriedtoher.

beseriousaboutdoingsth.对某事当真____He’sseriousaboutsellinghishouse.

takesth.seriously认真对待某事

动词不定式做宾语

Unit6I’mgoingtostudycomputerscience.

growup成长;长大everyday每天besureabout对……有把握makesure确信;务必

send…to…把……送到……beableto能themeaningof……的意思differentkindsof不同种类的

writedown写下;记下havetodowith关于;与……有关系takeup开始做;学着做

hardlyever几乎不;很少too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能

begoingto+动词原形打算做某事practicedoing练习做某事keepondoingsth.不断地做某事

learntodosth.学会做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事promisetodosth.许诺去做某事

helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事remembertodosth.记住做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事

lovetodosth.喜爱做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事

1promisevt.保证,许诺。有三种结构:

1)promisetodosth._____Mymotherpromisedtobuyapianoforme.

2)promisesb.sth._____Myauntpromisedmeabike.

3)promise+that从句_____Tompromisesthathecanreturnontime.

promisen.允诺,诺言makeapromise

Lilyisadishonestgirl.Sheneverkeepsapromise.

2.when与while的区别:

when表示“当…时候”,既指时间点,又指一段时间,when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsweretalking.

Whenshearrives,I’llcallyou.

while表示“当…时候”,仅指一段时间,从句中的动作必须是延续性的,一般强调主从句的动作同时发生,while还可以作并列连词,意为“而、却”,表示对比关系。

Lisawassingingwhilehermotherwasplayingpiano.

Tomisstrongwhilehisyoungerbrotherisweek.

3.practicevt.练习,后接名词,代词或v-ing作宾语。

Youreldersisterispracticingplayingtheguitarintheroom.

常跟v-ing作宾语的动词有:

考虑建议盼原谅:consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon.

承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/putoff,fancy.

避免错过继续练:avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice.

否认完成能欣赏:deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate.

不禁介意与逃亡:can’thelp,mind,escape.

不准冒险凭想象:forbid,risk,imagine.

4.everyday与everyday区别

everydayadj.每天的在句中作定语,位于名词前。Thisisoureverydayhomework.

everyday副词短语,在句中作状语,位于句首或句末。Hereadsbookseveryday.

begoingto的用法

1)begoingto+动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow,nextyear等时间状语或when引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be动词完成,be随主语有am,is,are的变换,goingto后接动词原形。http://

肯定句:主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他。Heisgoingtotakethebusthere.

否定句:主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他I’mnotgoingtoseemyfriendsthisweekend.

一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他

肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.否定回答:No,主语+benot.

Areyougoingtoseeyourfriendsthisweekend?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?

Whatishegoingtodothisweekend?Whenareyougoingtoseeyourfriends?

2)如果表示计划去某地,可直接用begoingto+地点

WearegoingtoBeijingforaholiday.

3)表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,leave等常用进行时表示将来。

Thebusiscoming.MyauntisleavingforBeijingnextweek.

4)begoingto与will的区别:

①对未来事情的预测用“will+动词原形”表达,will没有人称和数的变化,变否定句要在will后面加not,也可用will后面加not,或者缩略式won’t,变一般疑问句将will提至句首。

Willplanesbelargeinthefuture?Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.

②will常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情,而begoingto指某事肯定发生,常表示事情很快就要发生。IbelieveLucywillbeagreatdoctor.

③陈述将来的某个事实用will.

Iwilltenyearsoldnextyear.

④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用will.

I’mtiredIwillgotobed.

⑤表示意愿用will.I’lltellyouthetruth.

⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用begoingto,而不用will.

I’mgoingtobuyacomputerthismonth.

---Let’sdiscusstheplan,shallwe?----Notnow.I______toaninterview.

A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.wasgoing

------Jackisbusypackingluggage.---Yes.He_________forAmericaonvacation.

A.leavesB.leftC.isleavingD.hasbeenaway

Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?

短语:oncomputersonpaperlivetobe200yearsoldfreetime

beindangerontheearthplayapartinsth/doingsth

liveonaspacestationlookforcomputerprogrammerinthefuturehuandredsofthesame…asoverandoveragaingetboredwakeuplooklike=belike像…falldown

用法:will+动词原形将要做havetodosth不得不做某事

fewer/more+可数名词复数更少/更多…less/more+不可数名词更少/更多

agreewithsb.同意某人的意见trytodosth.尽力做某事

disagreewithsb.不同意某人的意见trydoingsth.尝试做某事

such+名词(词组)如此playapartindoingsth参与做某事

makesbdosth让某人做某事helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事

makesb+adj.让某人怎么样helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事

makesb.sth.makemeabetterperson使我成为更好的人

Therewillbe+主语+其他将会有….

Thereis/are+sb.+doingsth有…正在做…

Itis+形容词+forsb+todosth做某事对某人来说…的

词语辨析:1.every与each的区别:

every用来表整体,each用来表个别。each最低需是两,every最低需是三。everyadj.

every作主用单数,each可单也可复,作主、作定用单数,其他情况用复数。eachadj./pron.

Everyteacherknowsher.

Therearelotsoftreesoneachsideoftheroad.

Eachoftheroadhasadictionary.

2.ontheearth在地球上,作地点状语,位于句首或句末。onearth究竟,到底。用于疑问句或副词后,加强语气。

Allthelivingthingsontheearthdependonthesun./Whatonearthdoyoumean?

3.human,指包括男人女人孩子的“人,人类”,有别于动物,自然景物,机器等的特殊群体,也可指具体的人。

person,无性别之分,常用于数目不太大,而且数目比较精确的场合。

people,泛指“人们”,表示复数概念。

man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时,指“男人”,aman可指“一个人/一个男人”,复数形式为men.

Hewastheonlyhumanontheisland.

Thereareonlythreepersonsintheroom.

Therearemanypeoplethere.

Manisstrongerthanwoman.

4.seem连系动词,好像,似乎,看来。有下面几种用法:

seem+名词看起来。Heseemsaniceman.

seemlike好像,似乎。Itseemedlikeagoodideaatthetime.

seemtodosth.似乎/看起来/好像做某事。Iseemtohaveleftmybookathome.

Itseems/seemedthat看起来好像…,似乎….Hewasveryhappy.

seemtobe+形容词/名词=seem+形容词/名词。Sheseemstobehappy.=Sheseemshappy.

5.probablyad.maybe相当于perhaps.也许,大概,可能。作状语.

probably用于句中,可能性最大。Hewillprobablycometomorrow.

maybe/perhaps用于句首。Maybe/Perhapsyouareright.

1.during/for/in介词,在……期间。说到某事是在某一段时间之间发生的用during;说到某事持续多久则用for;说到某事具体发生的时间用in.

Wevisitedmanyplacesofinterestduringthesummerholiday.

I’vebeenherefortwoweeks.

TheyusuallyleaveschoolinJuly.

一般将来时结构:

肯定式:主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他

will用于各种人称,shall用于第一人称。

主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他be随人称、数和时间的变化而变换。

否定式:在will/shall/be后面加not.willnot=won’t.

一般疑问句:将will/shall/be提到主语前面。

Therebe句型的一般将来时:

Therewillbe+主语+其他,意为:将会有。一般疑问句形式为:Willtherebe+主语+其他。

肯定回答是:Yes,therewill.否定回答是:No,therewon’t.

否定形式是:Therewon’tbe+主语+其他,将不会有……

特殊疑问句是:疑问词/词组+一般疑问句?

Whenwilltherebeanicebasketballmatch?

Travelingtospaceisnolongerjustadream.Russia______thefirsthotelinspaceinthenearfuture.A.buildsB.willbuildC.builtD.hasbuilt

There______afootballmatchonCCTV-5atninetomorrowevening.

A.willhaveB.isgoingtobeC.ishaving

In50yearsthere_______morerobotsinpeople’shomes.

A.wereB.willhaveC.willbeD.have

--Willpeoplelivetobe300yearsold?---_________.

A.No,theyaren’tB.No,theywon’tC.No,theydon’tD.No,theycan’t.They______anyclassesnextweek.A.willhaveB.won’thaveC.haveD.had

Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?

短语:milkshaketurnonpourintoacupofyogurt

Soundslikeagoodidea/plan.onSaturdaycutupputintoonemorething=anotherthingapieceofbreadatthistime

afew/few(几乎没有)fill…with…cover…with…onebyone

alongtime

短语用法:Howmany+可数名词复数Howmuch+不可数名词letsb.+dosth.

want+todosth.forget+todosth.how+todosth.

Therearemanyreasonsfor一段时间+agoby+doingsth.

need+todosth.make+宾语+形容词It’stime(forsb)+todosth

First…Next…Then…Finally…

句型:Turnontheblender.Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?

Howmanybananasdoweneed?Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?

Now,it’stimetoenjoythericenoodles!

语法:主谓一致判断法:

1.不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

2.动名词或动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

3.either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso..连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与邻近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

4.在here,there开头的倒装句中,谓语动词与后面的名词在数上保持一致。

词语辨析:

1.turnon打开,接通(电源,气,水),反义词是turnoff.turnup/turndown调高/低音量。

2.pour…into…将…倒入/灌入…into是:进入…in是:在…内。

在put,throw,break,lay,fall等动词之后,既可用in,也可用into。但in可作副词,into不能。

Heputallthebooksin/intothebag.Comein!

3.有关make的短语:makethebed铺床maketea沏茶maketrouble惹麻烦

makemoney赚钱makeadecision做决定makeatelephonecall打电话

makeavisit拜访makeamistake犯错误makeanoise弄出噪音

makealiving谋生makesure务必

4.onemorething=anotheronething基数词+more+名词=another+基数词+名词

5.fillwith用…填充…befilledwith=befullof充满….

Theboyfilledthebottlewithsand./Thebagwasfullofclothes.

6.cover…with…用…把…覆盖becoveredwith被…所覆盖。covern.封面,盖子。

Anncoveredherfacewithherhands./Thecoverofthemagazineisnice.

7.It’stime(forsb)todosth.到某人做某事的时候了。

It’stimeforsth.到做某事的时候了。

Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?

短语:onSaturdayafternoonhavetoprepareforanexam

gotothedoctor/dentisthavethefluhelpmyparentscometothepartymeetmyfriendgotothepartytoomuchhomework

gotothemoviesanothertimelastfallhangoutafterschoolontheweekendstudyforatestvisitgrandparents

thedaybeforeyesterdaythedayaftertomorrowlookafter

haveapianolessonacceptaninvitationturndownaninvitation

takeatripattheendofthismonthatthebeginningofthismonth

lookforwardtodoingsth.theopeningofgoshopping

toomuchhomeworkgototheconcertnot…until

replyinwriting书面回复replytosth/sb.回复

短语用法:

invitesb.todosth.What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!

helpsb.(to)dosthWhat+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

besadtodosth.seesbtodosth/seesbdoingsth

thebestwaytodosth.haveasurprisepartyforsb

What’stoday?What’sthedatetoday?Whatdayisittoday?

句型:CanyoucometomypartyonSaturdayafternoon?

Sure,I’dloveto./Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetoprepareforanexam.

1.prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。prepareforsth.为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。/preparetodosth准备做某事。

prepare强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。

get/beready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:①beready(forsth.)②getsth.ready③beready(forsth)④begetreadytodo(准备干某事,乐于干某事)

We_____themid-termexamination.

MissLisaid,“Everyoneshould______beforeclass.

2.havetheflu患感冒haveacold感冒haveacough咳嗽haveafever发烧haveasorethroat喉咙痛haveaheadache头痛haveatoothache牙痛

3.hangout常去某处,泡在某处hangon紧紧抓住hangabout闲荡hangup挂电话,悬挂,挂起

4.catchyou=byebyecatchacold感冒catchsb’seye引起某人注意catchthetrain赶上火车

catchupwith赶上,,跟上catchholdof抓住

5.accept接受,反义词为:refuse。accept指主观上愿意接受,receive收到,指客观上收到或拿到,但主观上不一定会接受。Ireceivedhisgiftyesterday,butIwouldn’tliketoacceptit.

1.turndown=refuse拒绝turnup放大,调高turnover翻身taketurns依次,轮流

2.helpsb.(to)dosth帮助某人做某事helpsb.withsth在某方面帮助人helponeselftosth随便吃

3.attheendof在…末尾,在…尽头,bytheendof到…末为止intheendof终于

4.surprised形容词,感到意外的,主语是人besurprisedtodosth对做某事感到意外

surprising形容词,令人惊讶的,主语是物Thenewswassurpring.

surprise名词,惊奇、惊讶toone’ssurprise动词,使惊奇,使感到意外Itsurprisesbtodosth.

5.lookforwardto期待,盼望,to是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词作宾语。

hearfromsb.收到某人的来信=receivealetterfromsb.

hearof=hearabout听说

6.makeit在约定的时间内到达,能够来=arriveintime;Gladyoucouldmakeit.

商量确定的时间,表示将来某项计划的安排,后接时间状语。Let’smakeitatseveno’clockonTuesday.

成功办成某事=succeedAfteryearsofhardwork,hefinallymadeit.

7.reply回答,指用口头或书面形式回答,不及物动词replytosb/sth.对…..作出回答。

作及物动词,意为回答,回答说。作名词,意为:答道,回信,答复,后跟介词to.

answer是最普通的用语,包括口头,书面或行动的回答,可作及物和不及物动词。

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!

短语:gotothepartyhaveagreat/goodtimestayathometakethebustomorrownighthaveaclasspartyhaveaclassmeetinghalftheclassmakesomefoodatthepartyorderfoodpotatochipsbeangrywithsb.givesbsomeadvicetravelaroundtheworldgotocollegemake(alotof)moneygetaneducationworkhardasoccerplayerkeep…tooneselftalktosb.

inlifeintheendbeangryat/aboutsthmakemistakesinthefuture

runawaythefirststepinhalfsolveaproblemschoolclean-up

习惯用法:asksb.todosthgivesbsth.tellsb.todosthit’stoo…todosth

beafraidtodosth.advisesbtodosthIt’sbest(not)todosth.

needtodosth

语法:IthinkI’lltakethebustotheparty.Ifyoudo,you’llbelate.

Whatwillhappeniftheyhavethepartytoday?Iftheyhaveittoday,halftheclasswon’tcome.

Shouldweaskpeopletobringfood?Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,they’lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolate.

八年级生物上册期末总复习资料


为了促进学生掌握上课知识点,老师需要提前准备教案,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。认真做好教案课件的工作计划,才能够使以后的工作更有目标性!你们会写一段适合教案课件的范文吗?下面是小编精心收集整理,为您带来的《八年级生物上册期末总复习资料》,希望能为您提供更多的参考。

八年级生物上册期末总复习资料

一、水中生活的动物
1、目前已知的动物约150万种,按有无脊柱分为脊椎动物和无脊椎动物两大类。
3、鱼适应水中生活最重要的两个特点:①能靠游泳来获取食物和防御敌害。②能在水中呼吸。四大家鱼是:青鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼和鳙鱼。
5、鱼的外形呈梭形,其作用是:减少游泳阻力,适于游泳。
8、鱼在游泳时主要靠身体_躯干部_和尾鳍_的左右摆动击动水流产生前进的动力,其它鱼鳍起辅助作用。鱼在运动时,背鳍、胸鳍、和腹鳍都有维持平衡的作用,尾鳍有决定鱼运动方向的作用。
10、水由鱼___口__流入鳃,然后由鳃盖后缘(鳃孔)流出。在水流经鳃丝时,水中溶解的_氧气_进入鳃丝的__毛细血管__中,而_二氧化碳_____由鳃丝排放到水中;所以经鳃流出的水流与由口流入的水流相比,_氧气_的含量减少,二氧化碳__的含量增高。
13、鱼类的主要特征,体表被鳞片;用_鳃_呼吸;通过尾部的摆动和_鳍的协调作用游泳。
14、海马是鱼类,鲸、海豚、海豹是哺乳动物,龟、海龟是爬行动物。
二、陆地生活的动物-------蚯蚓
1、陆地环境特点与陆生动物的适应:①有防止体内水分散失的结构,②具有支持躯体和运动的器官.以便觅食和避敌。③具能在空气中呼吸的、位于身体内部的呼吸器官,④有发达的感觉器官和神经系统,对多变环境及时作出反应。
2、蚯蚓生活富含腐殖质的湿润土壤中,通过肌肉和刚毛的配合使身体蠕动,靠能分泌粘液、始终保持湿润的体壁呼吸。
三、陆地生活的动物-------兔
1、哺乳动物:具胎生、哺乳,体表被毛,体温恒定等特征.如兔、大熊猫
2、兔的牙齿分化为门齿和臼齿。门齿适于切断食物,臼齿适于磨碎食物。兔的盲肠发达,这与兔吃植物的生活习性相适应。狼、虎的牙齿分化为门齿、臼齿和犬齿,犬齿用于撕裂食物。
四、空中飞行的动物---家鸽
1、除了鸵鸟和企鹅等少数鸟不能飞行外,绝大多数都善于飞行。飞行使鸟类扩大了活动范围,有利于觅食和繁育后代。
2、鸟适于飞行的特点:①体呈流线型(可以减少飞翔时空气的阻力)②体表被覆羽毛,前肢变成翼③胸部有高耸的龙骨突,胸肌发达④长骨中空(内充空气)⑤食量大消化快。⑥心脏四腔,心搏次数快,循环系统结构完善,运输营养物质和氧气的能力强。⑦有发达的气囊,既可减轻体重又与肺构成特有的双重呼吸。气囊辅助肺的呼吸。⑧直肠短,粪便尿液及时排出,(这些都是为了减轻体重,适于飞行)。
总之鸟类是体表被羽、前肢变成翼、具有迅速飞翔能力、内有气囊、体温高而恒定的一类动物。
五、空中飞行的动物---昆虫
1、昆虫是种类最多的一类动物,也是唯一会飞的无脊椎动物,因而是分布最广泛的动物。
2、昆虫身体分为头、胸、腹三部分,一般有3对足,2对翅。蜘蛛、蜈蚣、虾、蟹等都不是昆虫,但它们都是节肢动物.。节肢动物的特点是:身体由很多体节构成,体表有外骨骼,足和触角分节。
3、昆虫的外骨骼是覆盖在昆虫身体表面的坚韧的外壳,有保护和支持内部柔软器官、防止体内水分蒸发的作用。
4、两栖动物:幼体生活在水中,用鳃呼吸,成体,营水陆两栖生活,用肺呼吸,同时用皮肤辅助呼吸。代表动物:青蛙、蟾蜍。
六、动物的运动
1、哺乳动物的运动系统由骨骼和肌肉组成。
2、骨骼肌包括中间较粗的肌腹和两端较细的肌腱(乳白色),一组肌肉的两端分别附着在不同骨上.骨骼肌受神经刺激后有收缩的特性。
3、屈肘时,肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌舒张,伸肘时则相反。双手自然下垂,肱二头肌舒张,肱三头肌舒张;双手竖直向上提起重物或双手抓住单杠身体自然下垂,肱二头肌收缩,肱三头肌收缩。
5、运动系统的功能:运动、支持、保护。在运动中,神经系统起调节作用,骨起杠杆的作用,关节起支点作用(也有说枢纽作用),骨骼肌起动力作用。
6、运动系统在神经系统控制和调节,以及消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统的配合下共同完成运动。
7、关节是由关节面、关节囊和关节腔三部分组成。关节面包括关节头和关节窝。关节囊及囊里面、外面的韧带。关节面上覆盖一层表面光滑的关节软骨,和关节囊的内表面还能分泌滑液,可减少运动时两骨间关节面的摩擦和缓冲运动时的震动。
8、脱臼:关节头从关节窝滑脱出来。
七、1、按行为获得途径不同可分为先天性行为和学习行为。
2、先天性行为指动物生来就有的、由体内遗传物质决定的行为,对维持最基本的生存必不可少,如蜘蛛织网、蜜蜂采蜜、蚂蚁做巢等。而学习行为则是指在遗传因素的基础上,通过环境的作用,由生活经验和学习而获得的行为。动物越高等,学习能力越强,适应环境能力也就越强,对生存也就越有意义。
3、社会行为特征:群体内部往往形成一定的组织,成员之间有明确的分工有的还形成等级
4、通讯:分工合作需随时交流信息,交流方式有动作、声音、和气味等。
5、用提取的或人工合成的性外激素作引诱剂,可以诱杀农业害虫;
八、动物在生物圈中的作用
1.动物在自然界中作用:①维持自然界中生态平衡②促进生态系统的物质循环③帮助植物传粉、传播种子。
2.生态平衡:在生态系统中各种生物的数量和所占的比例总是维持在相对稳定的状态,这种现象叫做生态平衡。
3.食物链和食物网中的各种生物之间存在着相互依赖、相互制约的关系。其中任一环节出了问题,都会影响整个生态系统。正是由于物质流、能量流和信息流的存在,使各种生物与环境成为一个统一的整体。
4.生物防治:就是利用生物来防治病虫害。常用方法有:以虫治虫,以鸟治虫,以菌治虫。
5.生物反应器:利用生物做“生产车间”,生产人类所需的某些物质,即生物反应器。目前最理想的生物反应器是“乳房生物反应器”。人类通过对某种动物(如牛、羊)的遗传基因进行改造,使这些动物能产生并分泌出人们所需要的某些物质(如药品、保健品)。
6.动物与仿生:A、长颈廘与宇航员的“抗荷服”;B、萤火虫与冷光;
C、蝙蝠的回声定位与雷达;D、乌龟的龟壳与薄壳建筑。
九、细菌和真菌
1.菌落:细菌菌落特点:较小,表面光滑粘稠或粗糙干燥,白色;
真菌菌落特点:较大,呈绒毛状、絮状蛛网状,有红、绿、黄、褐、黑等颜色
2.细菌和真菌的生存也需一定的条件:水分、适宜的温度、有机物(营养物质)、一定的生存空间等。
3.荷兰人列文·虎克发明显微镜并发现细菌;“微生物学之父”巴斯德利用鹅颈瓶实验证明细菌不是自然发生的,而是原已存在的细菌产生的
4细菌特征:微小,有杆状、球状、螺旋状等形态,无成形细胞核。大多只能利用现成的有机物来生活,属分解者。分裂生殖。有些细菌生长发育后期,细胞壁增厚能形成对不良环境有较强抵抗力的休眠体,叫芽孢
5细菌的基本结构包括:细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、有DNA集中的区域,没有成形的细胞核。没有叶绿体;有些细菌细胞壁外有荚膜,有些细菌有鞭毛;
6.细菌的营养方式:一般异养(包括腐生和寄生),即、没有叶绿体,大多数细菌只能利用现成的有机物生活,并把有机物分解为简单的无机物。
7.动物、植物、细菌细胞的对比:
细菌细胞
真菌细胞
动物细胞
植物细胞
不同点
有细胞壁、无叶绿体;只有DNA集中区域,无成形的细胞核,有时能形成芽孢。
有细胞壁
有细胞核
无叶绿体
无细胞壁
有细胞核
无叶绿体
有细胞壁
有细胞核
有叶绿体
生殖方式
分裂生殖(速度快)
孢子生殖
出芽生殖
有性生殖、无性生殖
营养方式
异养(靠吸收现成有机物来维持生活的方式)
自养
相同点
都有细胞膜、细胞质
8.真菌特征:菌体由许多细胞连接形成的菌丝构成;每个细胞都有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核;另外还有单细胞的真菌,如酵母菌;没有叶绿体,均利用现成的有机物生活即异养型;用孢子繁殖后代
9.青霉:青绿色,着生孢子的菌丝成扫帚状;曲霉:黑褐色(有时也有黄、绿等色),孢子着生在放射状菌丝顶端;
10.蘑菇也是由菌丝集合而成营养方式:异养(腐生)。生殖方式:孢子生殖
环境:阴暗潮湿,有机物丰富,温暖
11.酵母菌⑴营养方式:异养(腐生)有氧:葡萄糖—二氧化碳+水+能量(多)
无氧:葡萄糖—二氧化碳+酒精+能量(少)
⑷酵母菌生殖方式:出芽生殖,特殊情况进行孢子生殖
12.细菌真菌在自然界中作用:①作为分解者参与物质循环②引起动植物和人患病③与动植物共生
①作为分解者参与物质循环。即把动植物遗体分解成二氧化碳、水和无机盐,被植物重新吸收利用,制造有机物。故对于自然界中二氧化碳等物质的循环起重要作用。
②引起动植物和人患病。如链球菌引起扁桃体炎,真菌引起癣、小麦叶锈病。注意:脚气和细、真菌没关系(是缺维生素B1导致的)
③与动植物共生。共生指一种生物与另一种生物共同生活在一起,相互依赖、不能分开的现象,简言之,互利共生。如真菌与藻类共生形成地衣
再如:根瘤菌与豆科植物,根瘤菌将空气中的氮转化为植物能够吸收的含氮物质,从而使土壤中氮元素含量增高,增加土壤肥力,提高农作物产量(氮是植物生活中需要量较大的物质)。
13.食品腐败的原因-------细菌和真菌分解食品中的有机物并在其中生长繁殖所导致;
食品保存原理-------将细菌和真菌杀死或抑制其生长繁殖;
细菌与环境保护:有氧时一些细菌可将有机物分解成二氧化碳和水,这样都使污水得到净化
14、制作馒头或面包时,要用到酵母菌,把葡萄糖分解,产生的二氧化碳气体会在面团中形成许多小孔,使馒头或面包膨大和松软,而面团中所含的酒精,则在蒸烤过程中挥发掉了。
15、制作馒头要用酵母菌,制酸奶用乳酸菌,制泡菜用醋酸菌,酿酒用酒曲。
第六单元生物的多样性极其保护
1、生物分类依据:生物在形态结构和生理功能等方面的特征
2.植物所属类群从简单到复杂的顺序是藻类植物、苔藓植物、蕨类植物、裸子植物、被子植物。
花、果实、种子是被子植物分类最重要的依据。
3、动物根据有无脊柱分为脊椎动物和无脊椎动物。
4.生物分类单位从大到小依次是界、门、纲、目、科、属、种,其中种是分类的最基本单位。同种生物的亲缘关系是最密切的。
分类单位越大,包含物种越多,但物种间的相似程度越小,共同特征越少,亲缘关系越远;分类单位越小,包含物种越少,而共同特征越多
5.生物多样性的内涵:它包括三个层次:生物种类的多样性,基因的多样性,生态系统的多样性.
6、我国是裸子植物最丰富的国家,被称为“裸子植物的故乡”。
7、保护生物的栖息环境,保护生态系统的多样性,是保护生物多样性的根本措施。
8、被称为植物中的“活化石”是银杉;被称为中生代动物的“活化石”的是扬子鳄;中国鸽子树(珙桐)也是植物界的“活化石”。
9、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性最为有效的措施。
10、自然保护区是“天然基因库”,自然保护区是进行科学研究的“天然实验室”,自然保护区是“活的自然博物馆”,
11、人们把某些濒危物种迁出原地,进行特殊的的保护和管理;建立濒危物种的种质库(植物的种子库、动物的精子库)以保护珍贵的遗传资源。
12、一名公民,在保护我国的生物多样性方面,应当如何做?
(1)人人都来植树造林;2)开展爱鸟周活动(3)人人都来消灭白色垃圾;(4)不随地吐痰,不随意打鸟,不攀折花木等。
13、各种生物类群常见代表生物
鱼类:鲫鱼、带鱼、鳙鱼、海马两栖类:青蛙、蟾蜍、娃娃鱼、蝾螈
爬行类:蜥蜴、壁虎、龟、蛇、扬子鳄鸟类:鸽子、猫头鹰、鸵鸟、野鸡
哺乳类:猫、狗、蝙蝠、鲸鱼、鸭嘴兽、海豚
原生动物:草履虫腔肠动物:海蜇、水螅、珊瑚虫、水母
软体动物:河蚌、蜗牛、乌贼、田螺、鲍鱼、贝类
环节动物:蚯蚓、水蛭、沙蚕
节肢动物:蝗虫、蜜蜂、虾、蟹、蜘蛛、蝎、蜈蚣、
甲壳动物:虾类、蟹类
藻类植物:水绵、衣藻、海带;苔藓植物:葫芦藓蕨类植物:肾蕨
裸子植物:油松、侧柏、水杉
单子叶植物:玉米双子叶植物:向日葵、花生、大豆

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