古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。教师要准备好教案，这是教师的任务之一。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动，帮助教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。你知道如何去写好一份优秀的教案呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“Unit6Goingwest(同步讲解与练习)”，相信您能找到对自己有用的内容。

Unit6Goingwest(同步讲解与练习)

Unit6GoingWest同步讲解
点击词汇表
1．applysthtosth运用，应用某事物
Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.
这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。
I’dneverapplytheword“readable”toanyofhisbooks.
我决不会把他的任何一本书称为是“可以一读的”。

apply(tosb)(forsth)申请，请求
We’veappliedtoacharitableorganizationforagrantfortheproject.
我们已向一个慈善机构提出申请，要求其为这个项目提供资助。

applytosb/sth与某人／某物有关；有效；适用
WhatIhavesaidappliesonlytosomeofyou.
我所说的仅仅适用于你们中的部分人。

applyoneself/sthtosth/doingsth集中精力（做事）；专心
Youwillonlypassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourwork/studying.
你只有真正专心致志学习，考试才能及格。

2．adapt(sth/oneself)tosth适应新环境等
Manysoftwarecompanieshaveadaptedpopularprogramstothenewoperatingsystem.
许多软件公司改编通用程序以适应新的操作系统。
Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironment.
儿童的好处在于他们可以很容易地适应新环境。

adaptsthforsb/sth使某事物适合于新的用途、情况等；修改某事物
Theplayhadbeenadaptedforchildren.
该剧已被改编适合儿童观看。

3．add(sth)up加起来
Thewaitercan’taddup.
这个服务员不会算账。
AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.
把我应付你的钱都加在一起。

addupto...总计，总共；相等于；意为
Thesenumbersaddupto100.
这些数目合计为100。
Thesecluesdon’treallyadduptoverymuch.
这些线索没什么实际意义。

4．loseheart泄气，灰心
Dontloseheartevenifyoufailintheexam.
考试中即使失败了也不要失去信心。

5．takeit/thingseasy放松；不过分努力
IliketotakeiteasywhenI’monholiday.
我在假日里愿意轻松一些。

6．keepsthup继续使某事物保持同样的（通常指高的）水平；不让（精力等）衰退，维持，保持；遵守某事物；保养，维修（房屋，花园等）
WhenIstoppedstudying,IwasstillkeentokeepupFrench.
我不读书了，可还是很想坚持学法语。
Theysangsongstokeeptheirmoraleup.
他们唱着歌以保持高昂的士气。
WhereverJewslivetogether,theykeepupoldcustoms.
犹太人聚居的地方，古老的风俗都在沿袭着。
Thehouseisbecomingtooexpensiveforthemtokeepup.
他们的房子维修费用贵得他们越来越维修不起了。

7．beyondprep.在或向（某物）的远处；迟于或超过（某一时间）；越过（某事物）范围；除了
Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehills.
这条路绵延不断越过村子直入山中。
Shecarriedonteachingwellbeyondretirementage.
她早已超过退休年龄仍在教书。
After25yearsthetowncentrehadchangedbeyondrecognition.
25年过去了，市中心已变得认不出来。
Ididn’tnoticeanythingbeyondhisratherstrangeaccent.
除了他那颇为古怪的口音以外，我没注意到别的。

8．burdenn.重负；（难以承担的）职责、义务、责任等
Thelittledonkeystruggledunderitsheavyburden.
小驴在重负下挣扎。
Buyingahouseoftenplacesabigfinancialburdenonyoungcouples.
对于年轻夫妇来说，买房通常是一种沉重的经济负担。

burden(v.)sb/oneself(withsth)加负担于某人（自己）
Idon’twanttoburdenyouwithmyproblems.
我不想用我的问题给你增加负担。

9．accustomedadj.惯常的，习惯的
ThisisnotthekindoftreatmentI’maccustomedto.
这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇。

10．onallfours双手和双膝着地，趴着
Thebabywascrawlingaboutonallfours.
婴儿那时正在满地爬。

11．deliverv.递送，传送（信件、包裹、货物等）；给予，发表
We’rehavingpizzadeliveredtowherewelivefordinnertonight.
我们让人把比萨饼送上门，今晚当晚饭吃。
Thepriestdeliveredapassionatespeechagainstwar.
牧师发表了一篇充满激情的反战演说。

12．gofor得到；争取
ShetrippedmeasIwentfortheball.
我接球时她把我绊倒了。
AreyouplanningtogoforthescholarshiptoHarvardUniversity?
你打算争取上哈佛的奖学金吗？

词语辨析
1．quit;stop;pause
这些词都有“停止”的意思，但意思各有侧重。“quit”除表示停止，更常用于表示离开某处或工作，辞职不干；“stop”是常用词，表示使人或事物的活动、进展、操作等停止，中止或暂停，另外还可以表示阻止的意思；“pause”则侧重于中止、暂停或停顿的意思。
I’mgoingtoquitsmokingnextweek.
下星期我准备戒烟。
Wouldyouquityourjobifyougotlotsofmoney?
如果得到大笔钱，你会不会辞去工作呢？

Hestoppedthemedicineandlefttheroom.
他停下机器，离开了房间。
Youcan’tstopourgoingifwewantto.
如果我们想去，你是阻止不了的。

Shepausedtogetherbreathbackandthencarriedonjogging.
她停下喘口气然后继续慢跑。

2．believe;believein
“believe”意思是相信某事物的真实性或认为某人的话属实；“believein”意思是相信某事物或人，以及肯定某事物的价值或正确性，还可以表示相信某人或事物的存在。
Strangely,noonebelieveduswhenwetoldthemwe’dbeenvisitedbyacreaturefromMars.
奇怪的是，当我们告诉他们一个火星人来过时，居然没人相信。
I’mtoldhe’sbeeninprison,andIcanwellbelieveit.
有人对我说他进过监狱，我完全能够相信这一点。
TherobbersarebelievedtohaveescapedformHeathrowAirport.
据说强盗从西斯罗机场逃脱的。

Hebelievesingettingplentyofexercise.
他相信多做运动必有好处。
Ibelieveinhisgoodcharacter,nomatterwhatyousay.
不管你怎么说，我相信他品德良好。
Doyoubelieveinghosts?
你相信有鬼吗？

难句分析
1．Theanimalsdraggedtheirlegs,tooweakto...theirtongueshungout...(L12,Para.3)
这句话中的两个划线部分都在文章中充当状语，第一个是形容词短语做状语，并用“too...to...（太......而不能......）”结构加以修饰；第二个划线部分由名词加过去分词（表示被动）构成，称为独立主格结构，该结构还可以由名词加现在分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语构成。
例：LittleMarywasstandinginfrontoftheheadmaster,tooafraidtosayaword.
小玛丽站在校长面前，因为太害怕而说不出一句话。

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.　
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.　
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆

2．Lyingaroundthemwerechains...(L3,Para.4)
这是一个表语提前的完全倒装句，句子的主语是“chains”，”Lyingaroundthem”为表语。
例：Gonearethedayswhentheywoulddowhattheyliked.
他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。
PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及其他的客人。

3．Ifuntreated,itwouldproduce...(P.53)
这句话涉及两种语言现象，“ifuntreated”为状语从句的省略：当特定的连词when,while,if,although,eventhough等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，并且从句中出现be动词，可以省略状语从句的主语连同be动词，留下连词加分词的形式；而主语的“itwould”则使用了虚拟语气中的非真实条件句，表示未来事情发生的几率不是很高。这句话说完整应为“Ifitwereuntreated,itwouldproduce...”。
例：Don’tspeaktomeunlessspoketo.
除非我和你说话，否则不要和我说话。
Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.
过马路时要当心。

IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.
　如果我的律师上星期六在这里，他会阻止我去的。
Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
　如果你成功了，一切都会好的。
Iftheywerehere,theywouldgiveyousomeadvice.
如果他们现在在这里，他们就会给你一些建议了。

经典例析
1.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.（2004上海春季卷)
A.seizing,disappearedB.seized,disappeared
C.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing
［为你支招］本句中“drive”做定语修饰主语，“seize”是谓语动词，并与后面的“take”并列，所以应该用过去时形式；“disappear”放在句面，使用分词形式充当状语，该词为不及物动词，应使用现在分词形式。答案为D。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生确定谓语动词的能力，同时也考查了分词作定语和状语的用法。

2.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe________yourlecture.（2000上海卷)
A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattended
C.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattended
［为你支招］根据上句所提供的语境，可以判断出“他不可能听了你的讲座”，并且这件事发生在昨天下午，所以选择答案A，表示对过去的否定性猜测。B的意思为“本不必做”，C的形式不存在，D的意思为“本不应该做”。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生使用情态动词表示猜测的能力。

3.----Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
----Oh,that’s________.（2003北京春季卷）
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
［为你支招］本题四个选项均为名词性从句，充当表语，语法结构都是正确的；解题关键是根据上句判断出意思符合的选项。答案为A.
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生在语法正确的情况下，根据语境选择答案的能力。

4.Icanthinkofmanycases________studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.（2003上海卷）
A.whyB.which
C.asD.where
［为你支招］本题主句完整，从句完整，根据选项，可以判断出此处需要一个关系副词连接主句和定语从句；根据先行词“case”，应选择答案D，表示“在这些情况下”，也可使用“inwhich”。
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生根据语境选择定语从句连接词的能力。

5.They________ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe________itasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.（2005江苏卷）
A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworking
C.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking
［为你支招］本题中前一个空格发生的动作在“我加入”之前，并且延续了一段时间，所以使用过去完成进行时；后一个空格表示目前正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时。答案为A.
［热点剖析］该题考查了学生正确运用谓语动词时态的能力。

语法专项练习----定语
单项选择：
1.Hehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis
C.ofwhichIthinkitisD.Ithinkwhichis

2.----Canyoutellmeanythingaboutthefire________lastnight?
----I’mafraid,________.
A.thatbrokeout,verylittleB.brokeout,justalittle
C.happened,onlyalittleD.takingplace,alittle

3.Thepicture________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hanging
C.hangsD.beinghung

4.Withthelittle________money,thechildtoldmeina________voicethatonthewayhome,mostofhismoneyhadbeenstolen.
A.remained,trembledB.remaining,trembling
C.remaining,trembledD.remained,trembleing

5.WehaveheardofThomasEdison,________whoinventedtheelectriclightandmanyotherthings.
A.manB.aman
C.themanD.what

6.----Willyouplease________thenewteacherforus?
----I’mgladto.He’sa________manwithgoodmanners.
A.describe,handsometallyoungB.introduce,tallyounghandsome
C.say,handsomeyoungtallD.tell,younghandsometall

7.Asmanystudents________werepresentagreedtomyplan.
A.whoB.that
C.whichD.as

8.Theproblem________atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourworkingconditions.
A.discussB.tobediscussing
C.beingdiscussedD.todiscuss

9.Peopleneedhouses________andfood________.
A.tolive,toeatB.tolivein,toeat
C.living,eatingD.tolivein,tobeeaten

10.You’dbetterthinkof________possibilitiesbeforedoingit.
A,suchtheseB.theseall
C.allsuchD.suchall

11.IfIhad________,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.
A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholiday
C.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough

12.Theycouldonlyreadsuchstories________hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.
A.thatB.which
C.asD.what

13.Shestudiedhardwhenshewasinschool,________contributesgreatlytohercareer.
A.thatB.so
C.sothatD.which

14.Youcancometoseemefromonetotwoo’clock,________Iwillstayathome.
A.duringthetimeB.duringthattime
C.duringwhichtimeD.duringwhich

15.Thisaccidenttookplaceona________morninginSeptember.
A.SundercoldrainyB.rainySundaycold
C.rainycoldSundayD.coldrainySunday,

16.Shanghaihasa________populationofovertenmillion.
A.completeB.whole
C.totalD.all

17.----I’mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanything________there?
----No,butthankyouallthesame.
A.takenB.totake
C.takingD.tobetaken

18.Weheldthemeetinginameetingroom,________2000people.
A.holdingB.held
C.toholdD.whichwasheld

19.Whenlostinwork,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.
A.whichB.so
C.justlikeD.as

20.Isitthecountry________youstudied________youaregoingtovisitnextweek?
A.inwhich,whichB.where,that
C.that,thatD.which,that

答案：1－5AABCC6－10ADCBC11－15ACDCD16－20CDADB

高考试题链接
1.Theplace________thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe________thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（2005江苏卷）
A.which,whereB.atwhich,which
C.atwhich,whereD.which,inwhich

2.________aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.（2005江苏卷）
A.SocuriousthecouplewasB.Socuriouswerethecouple
C.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.Thecouplewassuchcurious

3.Alltheroomsare________withelectriclights.（1995上海卷）
A.suppliedB.given
C.offeredD.burnt

4.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（2002全国卷）
A.beginsB.havingbegun
C.beginningD.begun

5.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（2002上海春季卷）
A.settledB.settling
C.tosettleD.beingsettled

6.Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveronce________witheachother.（2003全国卷）
A.theyhadquarrelledB.theyhavequarrelled
C.havetheyquarrelledD.hadtheyquarrelled

7.Mr.Smith,________ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.（2003北京春季卷）
A.tired,boringB.tiring,bored
C.tired,boredD.tiring,boring

8.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________homewithoutaword.（2001全国卷）
A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft
C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave

9.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,________forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.（2000北京春季卷）
A.thatB.while
C.whichD.when
10.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.（2003上海卷）
A.invitedB.inviting
C.beinginvitedD.havinginviting

答案：1－5CBADC6－10CABDA

精选阅读

Unit6Goingwest(详案)

Unit6Goingwest(详细教案)

Period2Warmingup,listeningandspeaking
Teachingaims:Trytoimprovethestudentsabilitiesoflisteningandspeaking
Step1Warmingup
Askthestudentstofillouttheform,writetheirscoreforeachquestionintheboxandaddupthetotalscore.
Step2Listening
Listentothetapeandfinishtheexercisesonpage47.
Step3Speaking
Thespeakingactivityistiedinwiththelistening.Encouragethestudentstothinkcreatively.

Period3Reading
Teachingaims:
1.Helpthestudentsimprovetheskillsofsummarizingandscanning.
2.Underlineandanalyzesomekeyphrasesandsentences.
3.Getthestudentstoknowtheimportanceofperseverance.
Fast-reading
1Whendidwedecidetomovetoanotherplace?1845,10
2Howlongdidthejourneylast?Aboutayear
3Whatisourfirstdestination?IndiaGreekinKansas
4Isthejourneyhard?Canyoumakesomeexamplesaboutit?
Yes,itishard.Youcanmakemanyexamples.
Careful-reading
Exercise1.TrueorFalse
5.Ittookmuchtimeforthewritertodecidewhattheyshouldbringforthejourney.(T)
6.Wetraveledalone.(Fwithmanyotherfamilies)
7.IndianGreekinKansaswasthemeetingplaceforpeoplemovingtotheeast.(F)
8.OnNovember4,1846,thetravelersenteredtheSaltLakeDesertandsoonlosttheirway.(T)
9.Thetravelersburntheiranimalsbecausetheywereill.(F)
10.Thetravelerswereshockedtoseethehorsesandoxen,sufferingfromheat,thirst,andstarvation.(F)
11.Duringthejourney,thetravelerswerehelpfultoeachother.(F)
12.WhenayoungmaninourgroupsuggestedthatIstaybehindwiththechildrenandwaitforhelp,Iagreed.(FIdidn’tagree.)
13.Whentheanimalssmeltthewater,theyallran.(T)
Exercise2
Choosethebestanswers
1.ThereasonwhymyfatherwantedtogotoCaliforniaisthat.答案：C
A.CaliforniawasindesertB.Californiawasfaraway
C.Californiawasawonderfullanddescribedinabook
D.CaliforniawasthelargeststateintheUSA
2.Peoplemovingtothewestwouldmeetin.答案：A
A.KansasB.CaliforniaC.SaltLakeValleyD.SaltLakeDesert
3.OnwhichdaydidtheauthorentertheSaltLakeDesert?答案：B
A.April12.B.November4.C.October15.D.December25.
4.Whydidthetravelerscalltheirninety-miledrivethroughtheSaltLakeDesertthe“LongDrive”?答案：D
ABecausethelandscapewasdryandbarren.B.Becausewaterwassaltyandnotdrinkable.
C.Becausetheirwatersupplywassolow.D.Alloftheabove.
5.Afterthetravelersburnttheirwagons,theyhadtogoontheirfeetwithanothermilestogo.B
A.2500B.500C.90D.45
6.Whydidn’ttheauthorstaybehindwiththechildrenandwaitforhelp?A
A.Becausethatmeanthe/shewoulddie.
B.Becausehe/sheknewthatchildrenweretiresome.
C.Becausehe/sheknewthattherewasawagonwaitingforhim/her.
D.Becausehe/shefelthe/shecouldgetaprizebyhis/herfather.
7.Theanimalsalmostranwhenthetravelersreachedtheedgeofthedesert,why?答案：C
A.Becausetheyweretiredandweak.B.Becausetheyhadnoburden.
C.Becausetheymusthavesmeltthewater.D.Becausetheywentbacktotheirhome.
8.Howlongdidtheauthorspendfinishingthejourney?答案：A
A.Morethan40months.B.About2months.
C.Aboutayear.D.Aboutayearandamonth.
9.Fromthetext,wecaninfer.答案：D
A.theauthorandthetravelershadtogoalldayandallnightlong
B.therewasnooxenleftwhenthetravelersreachedCalifornia
C.manytravelersdiedwhentheirdaysofhardshipcametoanend
D.it’salongwaytotravelfromtheauthor’shometowntoCalifornia
10.Thebesttitleofthetextis.答案：B
A.AJourneyToCaliforniaB.LongDrive
C.TheSaltLakeDesertD.EnjoyYourLife
Detailedreading
1.Fillinthechart:
TimeEvents
October,1845setoffforthejourney
April,1846continuedthejourneywestward
November,1846enteredthedesertandlosttheway
FormanyweekstravelintheDeathValley
ChristmasDayreachedthepromisedland
2.Themainideaofthetext:
Thetextrelatedastorythatthehero’sfamilyandmanyotherfamiliesmovedtotheWest.TheyranintomanydifficultiesonthewaytotheWest.Facedwiththedifficulties,theydidn’tgiveup.FinallytheygottotheWestandstartedanewlife.
Part1(1)Thecauseandthebeginningofthejourney
Part2(2)Thefirstdestinationofthejourney
Part3(3-5)Themosttryingpartofthejourney
Part4(6)Reachingthepromisedland(Theendofthejourney)
Post-reading
Questions:
1Whereinthetextdoyoufindevidencethatthewagonswerenothemostsuitablemeansoftransport?Youcanfindyouranswersinparagraph3.
2Whydidthetravelerscalltheirninetymile-drivethroughtheSaltLakeDesertthe“longdrive”?
Wehadtotravellongwithoutwaterorgrassfortheanimalstoeat.Itwashard.
3Whatcanyoulearnfromthisreadingpassage?Whatimpressesyoumost?
1)Aftersufferingfrommanydifficulties,wecanliveabetterlife.Facingthehardship,nevergiveup,etc.
2)Thecourageofthepeopleimpressesmemost.

Period4LanguagePoints
Teachingaims:
1.Graspsomeimportantphrasesinthetext.
2.Learnsomelanguagepoints.
Step1Revision
1.Whatcanwelearnfromthistext?
Whenwecomeacrossproblems,weshouldn’ttrytoescape.Instead,weshouldlearntofacerealityandsolvetheproblems.Aslongasweovercomethedifficultiesandnevergiveup,wewillachieveourgoalsandsucceed.Moreover,weallhavedreamsinourheart.Aslongasweinsistandkeepmakinggreatefforts,Ibelievewewillmakeourdreamscometrueoneday.
2.Consolidation
Inthe______of1845,afterhisfatherreadabookabout_________,hedecidedto_____there.Hisfamilyandmanyotherfamilies________fortheirjourneybythemiddleofOctober.Aftertravelingthrough_________,theyhadtospend__________inKansas.Until____________,theywouldn’tleave.Theytraveledbyday.OnNovember4,1846,theyentered__________andsoonlosttheirway.Duetolackof______________,theoxenhadnostrengthtopullthewagonsandwereburnt.Peoplehadnochoicebuttocoveranother500miles________.Atlast,they_________allthedifficultiesandgottothewestonthemorningof_____________.Theystartedtheirnewlifethere.
Keys:spring,California,move,4states,thewinter,April12,1846,thedesert,waterandgrass,onfoot,overcame,ChristmasDay
Step2Languagestudy
1.beyond[]介词prep.
1).在（到）…较远的一边
Whatliesbeyondthemountains?山的那一边有什么？
2).晚于；超过
Thisworkisbeyondmygrasp.这件工作非我力所能及。
Dontstaytherebeyondmidnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
3).为…所不能及；多于；超出
Understandingthisarticleisbeyondmycapacity（能力）.我看不懂这篇文章。
Itsquitebeyondmewhyshemarriedsuchaheavysmoker.我实在无法理解为什么她会嫁给这样一个烟鬼。
Thefruitisbeyondmyreach.那个果子我够不着。
4).(常用于含疑问或否定意义的结构中)除...之外
Hehasnothingbeyondthehouse.除这幢房子外,他别的什么也没有。
*beyondallpraise赞美不尽beyondbelief难以置信
beyondcompare无与伦比的beyonddescription无法形容
beyondwords无法用语言表达
2.leavebehind忘了带;留下
Iveleftmypenbehind.我忘了带笔。
I’mafraidwemustleaveXiaoLinbehind.恐怕我们得把小林留下。
WhenhewenttoworkinSaudiArabia,hehadtoleavehisfamilybehind.
他前往沙特阿拉伯工作时，他不得不留下他的家人。
*leavesthaside不考虑leavealone不打扰
leaveout遗漏leaveoff停止
3.burdenn.负担；责任，义务：
Theoldmanbentwithaheavyburdenonhisback.老人因背着重负而弯腰。
Hecouldnotcarrytheburdenalone.他一人挑不起这副担子。
Theburdenoforganizingthecampaignfelltome.组织这次活动的责任落到了我头上
Itisaburdentothepeople.这对人民是一种负担。
Theburdenfellonme.责任落在我身上。
vt.
1.)加重压于，加负担于，烦扰[(+with)]
Thegovernmentburdenedthenationwithheavytaxes.政府使国民负担重税。
2.)加负荷于，使载重[(+with)]
Hewasburdenedwithalargebundleofmagazines.他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。
4.desperate[]a.危急的;绝望的，极严重的
Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。
Theprisonersgrewincreasinglydesperate.犯人越来越绝望。
thedesperatelookofhunger;adesperatecryforhelp.饥饿者脸上那绝望的样子；绝望的呼救声
adesperateillness;绝症；adesperatesituation.危险境地
5.accustomed[]a.
1).惯常的,通常的
2).习惯的,适应了的
heraccustomedsmile她惯常的微笑
Heisaccustomedtoworkhard一向勤奋工作
Iamaccustomedtosleepinglate.我习惯于睡得很晚
Imnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearlytodomorningexercises.我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。
I’vebeenaccustomedtolookingafterthem.
It’lltaketimeformetoaccustommyselftothechanges.我需要花时间来适应这些变化.
6.starvation[]n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死[U]
Theoldwomandiedofstarvation.老妇人被活活饿死。
starve[]vi.
1).饿死
Theexplorersstarvedtodeathinthedesert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
2).挨饿
3).饿得慌
Letsgetsomethingtoeat;Imstarving.我们吃点东西吧;我饿坏了。
4).渴望;极需要(+for)
Theplantsarestarvingforwater.这些植物极需要水。
7.anxiety[]n.
1).焦虑,挂念[U][C][(+about/for)]
Themotherwasfilledwithanxietyaboutherdaughtershealth.母亲为女儿的健康忧心忡忡。
2)焦虑的原因;令人焦虑之事[C][(+to)]
Thatisagreatanxietytome.那是一件使我深感焦虑的事情。
3).渴望[C][(+for)][+to-v]
Theiranxietytogowasobvious.他们想去的急切心情是显而易见的。
8.cometoanend结束
Themeetingcametoanendatlast.会议终于结束了。
cometoastop停止cometoadecision作出决定cometoaconclusion得出结论
cometoaperson’said援助某人cometoanarrangement(agreement)达成协议
Allgoodthingsmustcometoanend.一切好事迟早都会结束。（天下没有不散的宴席。）
attheendof在...结尾,在....末端intheend最后，终于
bringtoanend使…结束onendonend竖着,连续地
makeanendof终止，除掉end(up)with以――告终
putanendto结束，终止makeendsmeet收支相抵
9.loseone’swaybecomelost迷路；迷失
Lilylostherwayinthewoods.莉莉在森林里迷了路。
feelone’swayfightone’swaymakeone’sway
pushone’swaywindone’sway
Step3Translation
1.believein信任;信耐
2.standfor代表;代替
3.adaptto适宜
4.loseheart灰心;泄气
5.becastaway(被)抛弃
6.giveup放弃
7.lessthan少于;不足
8.setofffor开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
9.moveon继续前进
10.taketheway出发;首途
11.loseone’sway迷路
12.hangout伸出
13.indesperateneedof在极度需要的(时候)
14.onourfeet=onfoot步行
15.beaccustomedtodoingsth.(通常用于被动语态)习惯于
16.sufferfrom患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurryonto(with)赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stoptodosth.停下来去做某事
19.startdoingsth.开始做某事
20.goonallfours用四肢
21.(at)theedgeofof(在)……边缘
22.stareat瞪视;凝视
23.cometoanend结束;终止
24.araceagainsttime与时间赛跑
25.save…from挽救……免于
26.takeupto占用(时间;空间)
27.atstake在危险中;关系重大
28.riskone’slifeto冒险去做某事
29.apply…to…运用;应用
30.addup(两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
31.takeiteasy别紧张;放松点
32.keepup维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
33.commonsense常识;情理
34.leavebehind忘带;留下
35.livethroughsth.经历某事物而幸存
36.tieup系;拴;捆
37.gofor为……去;努力获取

Period5WordstudyandGrammar
Teachingaims:
1.Toreviewthewordsandexpressionslearnedinthereading.
2.TosummarizetheusagesoftheAttribute.
Period6Integratingskills
Teachingaims:
1.Togetthestudentstounderstandsomewordsandphrasesinthetext.
2.Tohelpthestudentssummarizethemainpointsaftertheyreadthedialogue.
Step1Skimming
Afterreadingthetext,answerthefollowingquestions:
(1)Whatdidthedialoguemainlytellus?
ThedialoguemainlytoldusaboutthehistoryoftheAnchorage-to-Nomedogsledraces.
(2)Forwhatpurposedidthepeopleusethedogteam?
PeopleusedthedogteamtodeliverthevaccinefromAnchoragetoNome.
Step2Scanning
Findsomeinformationtofillinchart:
Thebriefintroductiontothestory
ThetimeInthewinterof1925
TheplaceAsmallcitycalledNome

TheplotAterriblediseasecalleddiphtheriastruckNome,buttherewerenoenoughvaccine.
Luckily,thedoctorsfoundagoodsupplyofitinAnchorage.However,thefrozenseaandtheshortageoftheplanemadeitimpossibletodeliverthevaccinefast.Sopeopledecidedtouseadogteam.Thesedogsandtheirdriversovercameallthedifficultyandworkeddayandnighttomakesurethevaccinecanarriveontime.

TheresultThechildrenweresavedbythevaccinebecauseofthegreateffortsmadebythedogsandtheirdrivers.Inordertoremembertheseheroes,thelocalpeoplesetabronzesculptureofadoginNewYork’sCentralPark.Thisisamemorialtoallwho
Riskedtheirlivestosavethoseofothers.
Step3Furtherreading
Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse:
(1)Thefirstdogracewasaraceagainsttime.(T)
(2)ThediseasewhichstrucktheNomewascalledflu.(F)
(3)Ifdoctorscouldn’tgetenoughvaccine,thechildrenwoulddiequitesoon.(T)
(4)Thedoctorscoulddonothingbutusethedogteamtodeliverthevaccinebecausetherewerenotenoughshipsandplanes.(F)
(5)Duringthejourney,thedogsandtheirdriversshouldfightagainstthehotweather.(F)
(6)Whenthedogsandtheirdriversarrivedontime,theywerewarmlywelcomed.(F)
Step4Languagestudy
1.anniversary周年纪念；周年纪念日
aweddinganniversarythe20thanniversaryofourcountry’sindependence
2.deliver:释放，移交，投递，发表，给予，表达
deliversb.fromsth.把某人从…解救出来deliversthto/oversb把某物交付某人.
deliveramessage带信,传话deliveraspeech发表讲话
deliverover(up)(to)移交,交给deliverababy生孩子
Hedeliveredhimselfuptothepolice.他向警方自首了.
Ideliveredthemessageandparceltoher.我把信和包裹交给了她.
3.staken.桩,水刑柱,赌注v.系于柱上,打赌
tiesthtoastake把…拴在柱子上playforhighstakes下大赌注赌钱
stake…on…把…押在…上beatstake生死攸关
Hestakedallhishopesonhisson’ssuccessasastateman.
他把所有的希望都寄托在儿子身上,盼望他成为成功的政治家
Heleftthegamblinggamewhentheyplayedforhighstakes.
赌注太高时他离开了赌局
I’mgoingtostake$5onthatwatch.那块表我押5美元.
Ourchildren’slifeisatstake.孩子们的生命濒临危险.
4.riskn.风险,保险对象vt.冒…的危险
dosthattheriskofone’slife=riskone’slifetodosth冒生命危险去做…
atallrisks=atanyrisk无论冒什么危险,无论如何
at(one’s)risk有危险
run(take)arisk(risks)=riskdoingsth冒险
Ifyougooutwithoutyourraincoat,youruntheriskofgettingwet.
如果你出门不带雨衣,就有可能被淋湿.
Wecan’triskyourcatchingthemeasles.我们不能让你冒染上麻疹的危险
Toomanyliveswereatrisk.太多的人有生命危险
5.preventv.preventionn.preventable可预防的preventive预防的
preventsbfromdoingpreventdisease
Trytopreventfiresindryweather.干旱天气预防火灾
Therewasnothingtopreventhimbecomingengaged.没有什么能阻止他订婚
Preventionofillnessisbetterthancuringit.防病胜过治病
6.covervt.掩盖,掩护,包括,走过,支付,报道n.盖子,封面
becoveredwith盖着…fromcovertocover从头至尾
cover6miles走了6英里coveraconference采访会议
covertheexpense负担费用acoverfor…盖子
Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.她用手蒙住了脸.
Ididn’tcoverasmuchgroundasIhadwanted.我没有走完我原打算走的那么多路.
Thisreportcoveredallaspectsoftheproblem.这个报告涵盖了这个问题的所有层面
Step5Translation
1.theeightiethanniversaryofsth.…80周年纪念日
2.araceagainsttime与时间赛跑，抢时间
3.save…from挽救……免于
4.therewaswidespreadrelief足以令人欣慰
5.Everyminutecounted/counts.没分钟都非常关键。
6.upto一直到,等于
7.atstake在危险中；关系重大
8.thegoldenraysofthedawn黎明的第一道曙光
9.amemorialtosb./sth.的纪念馆
10.riskone’slifetodo/doing冒险去做某事riskdoing
11.diseasesofthatkind那样的病
12.ahistoricalevent历史事件

GoingWest教案

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助授课经验少的高中教师教学。那么一篇好的高中教案要怎么才能写好呢？下面是小编为大家整理的“GoingWest教案”，欢迎您阅读和收藏，并分享给身边的朋友！

GoingWest教案
TheFourthPeriod?
TeachingAims:?
1.Reviewallthelanguagepointsandthegrammar—theAttributeinthisunit.?
2.Learnandmasterthefollowingphrases:?
tieup,atstake,gofor?
3.Dosomereadingandwritingpracticetoimprovethestudents’integratingskills.?
4.Learnhowtowriteastory.?
TeachingImportantPoints:?
1.Improvethestudents’integratingskills.?
2.Helpthestudentswriteastorywell.?
TeachingDifficultPoints:?
1.Howtohelpthestudentsunderstandthereadingpassagebetter.?
2.Howtohelpthestudentscompletethewriting.?
TeachingMethods:?
1.Doingsomeexercisestoreviewwhatthey’velearntinthisunit.?
2.Readingandunderstandingtoimprovethestudents’readingability.?
3.Writingpracticetoimprovethestudents’writingability.?
4.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentbeactiveinclass.?
TeachingAids:?
1.themultimedia?
2.ataperecorder?
3.theblackboard?
TeachingProcedures:?
StepⅠGreetings?
Greetthewholeclassasusual.?
StepⅡRevision?
T:Yesterdaywereviewedthegrammar—theAttribute.Weknowthatadjectives,pronouns,adverbs,todo,v.-ing,v.-ed,attributiveclauses,ect.areallpossibletobeusedastheAttribute.Now,pleaselookatthescreenanddotheexercisetoseeifyouhavemasteredthemwellenough.?
(Teachershowstheexerciseonthescreenandasksthestudentstodoitonebyone.)?
UnderlinetheAttributeineachsentenceandtellwhatisusedasAttribute.?
1.Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.?
2.Thehomeworkfortodayistowriteasix-hundred-wordcompositionaboutyourhometown.?
3.Thisisthelaboratorysetupbythestudentsthemselves.?
4.Theroomfacingsouthisourbedroom.?
5.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.?
6.Shetookthesecondplaceinthebeautycontest.?
Suggestedanswers:?
1.inwhichwelive(anattributiveclause)?
2.six-hundred-word(acomplexadjective)?
aboutyourhometown(aprepositionphrase)?
3.setupbythestudentsthemselves(apastparticiple)?
4.facingsouth(apresentparticiple)?
our(apronoun)?
5.tocome;toleave(aninfinitive)?
6.thesecond(anordinalnumeral)?
beauty(anoun)?
T:Youalldidgoodjobs.Somuchforgrammarrevision.Now,let’sreviewtheusefulphrasesandexpressionsinthisunittogether.Pleaselookatthescreenandfinishtheexercisebyyourselfinfiveminutes.?
(Showthefollowingonthescreen.)?
Completethesentencesusingtheproperformsoftheexpressionsinthebox.?
apply...to...　addup　loseheart　takeiteasy　keepup　leavebehind　pullup　loseone’sway　cometoanend　be/becomeaccustomedto　havenochoicebuttodo...

1.Thewarsoon_______.?
2.Hiswife_______hertwolittlegirls.?
3.Wouldyou_______thatprinciple_______everyone??
4.Haveyou_______thesefigures_______right??
5._______you_______thiskindofweather??
6.Thepoliceman_______themotoristandaskedtoseehislicence.?
7.Theytoldusthey_______.?
8.Ifthisrain_______,allthecropswillberuined.?
9.You’vebeenworkingsohardforseveralmonths.Youmust_______andrelaxovertheweekend.?
10.Theboy_______dropoutoftheschool.?
11.Facinganydifficulty,weshouldn’t_______.?
(Afterawhile,teachercheckstheanswers.)?
Suggestedanswers:?
1.cametoanend?
2.leftbehind?
3.apply;to?
4.added;to?
5.Are;accustomedto?
6.pulledup?
7.hadlosttheirway?
8.keepsup?
9.takeiteasy?
10.hadnochoicebutto?
11.loseheart?
T:Besides,we’vealsolearntalotaboutperseveranceandsuccess.Tellmewhichwordsandexpressionsinthisunitcanhelpustalkaboutperseveranceandsuccess.?
Ss:Keepup,loseheart,livethrough,quit,perseverance,continue....?
StepⅢReading?
T:Well.ImaginethatonecoldwinterinAlaska,you’reaskedtotakesomemedicinestoahospital700milesawayassoonaspossible.Howwouldyoudoit??
Ss:Byplane,train,busorship.?
T:Iftheyweren’tavailabletoyouforsomereason,whatwouldyoudo??
Ss:Wemaytryridingasleddrawnbyateamofdogs.?
T:You’reveryclever.Butitisn’taninterestingandrelaxingjourney,isit??
Ss:No,itisn’t.?
T:OK.Nowlet’sreadadialogue.Itwilltellusatruestory.Beforewereadit,we’lllearnsomenewwords.?
(Teacherdealswiththenewwordsasusual.)?
T:OK.OpenyourbooksatPage52.I’llgiveyoufourminutestoreadthedialoguequicklyandsilentlyandthenanswersomequestionsonthescreen.Doitasfastaspossible.Afterawhile,I’llchecktheanswers.?
(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)?
1.WhendidtheAnchorage-to-Nomedogsledracebegin??
2.Wasthefirstraceacompetition??
3.WhatrelationshipareMissWelchandDrWelch??
4.Whatkindofdiseaseisdiphtheria??
5.Whatwouldbetheonlywayover674milesbetweenNenanaandNome??
6.HowwasthevaccinebroughttoNenana??
7.WerethechildrenofNomesavedatlast?Howmanymileshadthedriverscoveredinlittlemorethan127hours??
(Fourminuteslater,teacherbeginstochecktheiranswers.)?
Suggestedanswers:?
1.TheAnchorage-to-Nomedogsledracebeganin1925.?
2.No,itwasn’t.Butitwasaraceagainsttime.?
3.MissWelchisagrand-daughterofDrWelch.?
4.Diphtheriaisadiseasethatspreadsveryfast.Ifuntreated,itwouldproduceapowerfulpoisonthatwouldkillthepatient.?
5.Arelayofdogteamswouldbetheonlywayatthattime.?
6.ThedoctorinAnchoragewrappedthemedicineinaquiltandtieditup.AtraintookthepacketfromAnchoragetoNenana.?
7.Yes.Thedrivershadcoveredalmost700milesinlittlemorethan127hours.?
T:Goodjobs.Now,lookatthescreen.I’llexplainsomeexpressionsandasentencepatterntoyousothatyoucanusethemfreely.?
Ⅰ.Usefulexpressions:?
1.save...from?
e.g.Wemustdosomethingtosavethemfromruin.?
2.coveradistanceof...?
e.g.TheRedArmycoveredadistanceof25000liontheLongMarch.?
3.tieup?
e.g.WaitamomentwhileItieupmyshoes.?
4.atstake?
e.g.Hisreputationwasatstake.?
Ⅱ.Sentencepattern:?
Ifuntreated,itwouldproducea....(=Ifitwereuntreated,itwouldproducea....)?
e.g.Ifinvited,Iwouldattendherwedding.?
(=IfIwereinvited,Iwouldattendherwedding.)?
(Bb:save...from,coveradistanceof,tieup,atstake?
Ifuntreated,itwouldproducea....(=Ifitwereuntreated,itwouldproducea....)?
T:Doyouhaveanythingelseyoudon’tunderstand?Ifyoudo,pleasetellme.I’llbegladtoexplainthemtoyou.?
(Teacheranswersthequestionsaskedbythestudents.)?
StepⅣListeningandDiscussion?
T:Well,let’slistentothetape,whenIplayitforthefirsttime,justlistentoit.WhenIplayitforthesecondtime,pleaselistenandrepeat.Thenreadthedialoguealoudforafewminutes.Isthatclear??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.Let’sbegin.?
(Teacherplaysthetapeforthestudentstolisten.Thenthestudentsreadit.Afterthat,teachersaysthefollowing.)?
T:Well.Stophere.Nowpleasediscussthequestionsbelowthedialogue.Dothemingroupsoffour.I’llgiveyoufiveminutestoprepare.Afterthat,I’llasksomeofyoutoreportyourresultsofthediscussiontotherestoftheclass.Doyouunderstand??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.Begin,please.?
(Teachergoesamongthestudentsandjoinsthem.Fiveminuteslater,teachercheckstheirwork.)?
Suggestedanswers:?
1.Theyarefluanddiphtheria.?
2.Forexample,pneumonia,choler,chickenpox,small-pox.?
3.Whenhediscoveredthatthechildrenhaddiphtheriaandhadnoenoughvaccineinthesmallcity,hedecidedtogetvaccinefromahospitalinAnchorage.Butin1925,nothinggottoNomequickly,sohethoughttheonlywaywasarelayofdogteams.Aftertwentydriverscoveredalmost700milesinlittlemorethan127hourstogetherwiththeirdogteams,thechildrenofNomeweresaved.?
4.Arelaymeansthateachmemberoftheteammustfinishonesectionofthetotaldistance,suchastheMarathonrelayrace.?
5.Becausetheseawasfrozen,whiletheonlytwoplaneshadbeenstored.?
StepⅤWriting?
T:NowlookatPage54.It’stimeforustodosomewritingpractice.Thistime,we’regoingtowriteastorybasedonthedialoguewelearntjustnow.Retellthestoryfirstandthenwriteitonapieceofpaper.Thepicturesbelowmayhelpyoufinishthetask.Beforeretellingit,you’dbetterlookatthepicturescarefully.Whenyoufinishit,exchangeyourwritingwithyourpartnersandcorrectthemistakesinit.Attheend,I’llasksomeofyoutoretellthestoryorally.Iseverythingclear??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.Youcanbeginyourwork.?
(Teachergivesthestudentsenoughtimetofinishthetaskofwriting.Iftimepermits,teacheraskssomeofthemtoretellthestoryinclass.)?
Onepossibleversion:?
Oneday,inthewinterof1925,theonlydoctorinNomeDrWelchdiscoveredthatsomechildrenhadaterriblediseasecalleddiphtheria.Soonsomechildrendied.Inthesmallcity,DrWelchhadenoughvaccinefor5people.Theonlywaytopreventthediseasewastogetmorevaccineasquicklyaspossible.Atlast,DrWelchfoundthevaccineinahospital,butthehospitalwas1000milesaway.Atthattime,theseawasfrozenandtheonlytwoplaneshadbeenstored.TheonlywaywouldbetotakethemedicinefirstfromAnchoragetoNenanabytrainandthensendthemtoNomebyarelayofdogteams.Itwouldtakeupto13daystocomplete.Soontwentytoughmenformedarelayteam.Theyrodedayandnight,throughsnowstorms,againstthetemperaturemorethan30degreesbelowzero.Atlast,theycoveredalmost700milesandtookthevaccinetoNomeassoonaspossibleinlittlemorethan127hours.ThechildrenofNomeweresaved.Thedriversanddogsweresotiredthatthedogscouldn’tbarkwhentheyarrivedinNome.Peopleinthecitymuchappreciatedthedogsandthoughttheywerereallyheroes.InDecemberthatyear,abronzesculptureofadogwasplacedinNewYork’sCentralParkinhonourofthem.?
StepⅥSummaryandHomework?
T:Inthisclass,we’vereviewedtheusefulexpressionsandthegrammar—theAttribute.Andwe’vealsolearntadialogueaboutahistoricaleventin1925andsomeusefulphrasesandasentencepattern.Besides,we’velearnthowtowriteastory.Afterclass,gooverallthelanguagepointslearntinthisunit.Ifyouhaven’tfinishedyourwriting,pleasegoonwithit.Well,uptonow,we’velearntthewholeunit.Canyoutellmehowyoufellaboutperseverance??
S1:Ifellthatperseveranceleadstosuccess.?
S2:Ithinkwhenfacingadifficultdecision,weshouldstaycalm.Ifatfirstwedon’tsucceed,try,tryagain.?
S3:....?
T:Welldone.PleasereadthetipsatPage54afterclass.Ibelievethatyou’lllearntalotfromit.OK.That’sallfortoday.Classisover.Seeyoutomorrow!?
Ss:Seeyoutomorrow!?
StepⅦTheDesignoftheWritingon?
theBlackboard?
Unit6　Goingwest?
TheFourthPeriod?
Ⅰ.Usefulexpressions:?
save...from?
coveradistanceof?
tieup?
atstake?
Ⅱ.Sentencepattern:?
Ifuntreated,itwouldproducea....(=Ifitwereuntreated,itwouldproducea....)?
StepⅧRecordafterTeaching?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Goingwest复习

俗话说，磨刀不误砍柴工。作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动，帮助高中教师缓解教学的压力，提高教学质量。那么一篇好的高中教案要怎么才能写好呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“Goingwest复习”供您参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

Unit6Goingwest

整体感知

单元要点

Wordstudy

1.perseverance2.quit3.circumstance

4.assessment5.survival6.biscuit

7.flour8.bedding9.frontier

10.barren11.salty12.drinkable

13.burden14.desperate15.beast

16.accustomed17.thirst18.starvation

19.anxiety20.tax21.anniversary

22.throat23.catastrophe24.relief

25.deliver26.tough27.quilt

28.sculpture29.memorial30.properly

1.坚持不懈2.放弃，停止3.环境

4.评价5.幸存6.饼干

7.面粉8.铺盖9.边界

10.贫瘠的11.含盐的12.可饮用的

13.负担14.绝望的15.兽；动物

16.习惯的17.渴；渴望18.饿死

19.忧虑20.税；税额21.周年纪念

22.嗓子23突如其来的大灾难24.减轻或解除（痛苦、忧虑等）

25.递送26.困难的27.被子

28.雕塑雕刻29.纪念馆30.适当地

Usefulexpressions

1.apply…to2.addup3.loseheart

4.takeiteasy5.keepup6.commonsense7.leavebehind8.loseone’sway

9.cometoanend10.tieup11.gofor

12.livethroughsth13.satistyone’sneeds

14.inneedof15.setoff16.sufferfrom

1.运用；应用2.加起来3.泄气；灰心

4.别紧张5.保持；维持6.常识

7.望带；留下8.迷路9.结束；终止

10.系；拴；捆11.努力获取

12.经历某事物而幸存13.满足某人的需要14.需要15.出发16.因…受苦

SentencepatternsCommunicativeEnglish

描述个人能力和毅力：

Icanachievemygoals.Iammoreofaleaderthanafollow.Ineverdisappointedforverylong.Icanquicklyadaptmyselftonewcircumstances.

Iamstrongandreadyforanychallenge.Idon’tloseheartwhenIfailtodosomething.

按时间顺序描述事件发生过程：

Inthespringof1845,myfatherreadabookaboutCalifornia.

Lessthanhalfayearlaterwepackedourthingsontoawagonandleftourfarm.

April12,1846waschosenasthedaywhenallshouldbereadytostart.

OnNovember4,1846,weenteredthedesertandsoonlostourway.

Atthreeo’clockinthemorningofChristmasDaywereachedtheedgeofthedesert.

Grammar

定语（theAttribute）

1.掌握定语的表示法（形容词、名词、不定式、介词短语、分词、从句等）

2.定语的位置

3.若干个定语的排列顺序

TopicWriting

掌握按时间顺序描述故事的英语作文的思路和写作步骤

背景知识

In1921,FranklinD.Roosevelttookhisfamilysailingonedayandhefellintothecoldwaters.Thenextday,aforestfirebrokeout.Franklinandhischildrenhelpedtofighttheforestfireandputitout.Itwashardandtiringwork.Afterthefirewasputout,Franklinwassick.Itwaspolio(脊髓灰质炎).Hecouldnotmovehislegs.Thedoctorssaidhecouldneverwalkagain.

Manymenwouldgiveupthen.FranklinRooseveltdidnotgiveup.Hebegantoworktogetwellagain.Eventhoughhecouldnotgetoutofbed,hedidexercises,andhisshouldersandarmsgrewverystrong.Atlastthedoctorslethimoutofbed,buthehadtowearheavymetalbraces(支架;支撑之物)onhislegs.ThenhewenttoWarmSprings,Georgia.Heswaminthewarmwatersthere.Eventhoughitwaspainfultomovehislegs.Hekeptonswimmingandexercisingthem.Hegrewbetteruntilhecouldleavethebracesoff.Hecouldwalkwithonlyacanetohelphim.

“Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself,”PresidentRoosevelttoldthepeople.

细说教材

Warmingup

Togoontillyousucceediswhatlifeisallabout

坚持直到你成功是生命的全部意义。

[点拨]Togoontillyousucceed是不定式短语作主语。

e.g.Toaccepttheirofferwouldbefoolish.接受他们的帮助是愚蠢的。

不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语。

e.g.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.戒烟是正确的。

[点拨]whatlifeisallabout是what引导的表语从句。

e.g.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.中国已不是从前的那个样子了。

Applythefollowingstatementstoyourself.

把下面的陈述运用于你自己身上。

[点拨]applysth(tosth)=makepracticaluseofsth运用，应用某事物

e.g.Wecanapplytheresultsofthisresearchtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.

我们能把这项研究成果应用于新的技术开发方面。

applysth/oneselftosth/doingsth=concentrateone’sthoughtandenergy(onatask)集中精力（做事）；专心

e.g.1.Youwillonlypassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourwork.

你只有真正专心致志（用功），考试才能及格。

e.g.2.Wemustapplyourmindstofindingasolution.

我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来。

[点拨]apply(tosb)(forsth)=makeaformalrequest申请；请求

e.g.1.Youshouldapplyimmediately,inpersonorbyletter.

你应该立即申请，亲自去也好，写信也好。

e.g.2.applytothepublishersforpermissiontoreprintanextract

向出版者请求准予转印节录

e.g.3.applyforajob,post,passport,visa申请工作、职位、护照、签证

Addupyourscoreoneachquestion.

把每一个问题的分数加起来。

[点拨]addup=calculatethetotal加起来

e.g.AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.把我应付你的钱都加在一起。

[归纳]有关add的词组：

1.addsthtosth加；添；增加2.addsth继续说；又说；补充说

3.addfueltotheflames火上加油4.addtosth增加某事物

5.adduptosth总计共达

Iammoreofaleaderthanafollower.

领导者与追随者相比，我更具备领导者的气质。

[点拨]more…than…与其…倒不如

e.g.1.Sheismoreshythanunfriendly.与其说她不友好，倒不如说她内向。

e.g.2.Thisismoreagrammarbookthanadictionary.

与其说这是一本字典，倒不如说是一本语法书。

[点拨]morethan用法小结：

1．morethan=notonly意为“不仅仅，不只是”用来修饰名词。

e.g.HistriptoBeijingwasmorethansightseeing.

他的北京之行不仅仅是旅游观光。

2.morethan=over多于；超过

e.g.1．morethantwenty=overtwenty二十多

e.g.2.That’smorethanIcandescribe.=That’sbeyondmydescription.

我很难用语言来描述它。

3.morethan=very很；非常

e.g.Hewasmorethanhappytohearthat.听到那个消息，他非常高兴。

4.morethanone“不止一个人/物”（做主语时，谓语要用单数）

e.g.Morethanonepersonisgoingtolosehisjob.

[辨析]muchmore…than与manymore…than

muchmore+不可数名词+than比…….大（多）得多

manymore+可数名词复数+than比……多得多

e.g.Hehasmademuchmoreprogressthisyearthan(hedid)lastyear.

今年他的进步比去年大得多。

Therearemanymorecarsthisyearthanlastyearinthecity.

今年这个城市的汽车比去年多得多。

另外(much)more(…than)还可以表示为多音节的形容词、副词的比较级。

e.g.Heismuchmorecarefulthanheusedtobe.

他比以前要认真得多。

[辨析]:nomorethan与notmorethan

1．当两者在数量上进行比较时，nomorethan表示“仅仅”“只有”；而notmorethan只有客观地表示“不超过，至多”，没有说话人对数量多少或事物大小的主观态度或口气，而nomorethan主要用来表达说话人的主观看法或口气。强调数量之少，事物之小或微不足道。

e.g.1.Hewassopoorthathehadnomorethantendollars.

他穷得只剩下10美元了。（只有10美元）

e.g.2.Hesaidhehadnotmorethantendollars.

他说他最多有10美元。（至多10美元，可能不到10美元）

2．当两者在程度上进行比较时，nomore…than…表示“两者一样都不”；而notmorethan则表示“一方不及另一方”之意。

e.g.1.Thisnovelisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.

这本小说不比那本小说有趣。（意为“两本一样都没有趣”）

e.g.2.Thisnovelisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.这本小说不及那本小说有趣。

[词组]moreandmore越来越多，moreorless或多或少，whatismore而且，更有甚者

Icanquicklyadaptmyselftonewcircumstances.

我能很快使自己适应新的环境。

[点拨]adapt(oneself)(tosth)=becomeadjustedtonewconditions,etc.“适应（新环境等）”

e.g.Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothenewclimate.

她很快地适应了这种新的气候。

Idon’tloseheartwhenIfailtodosomething.

当我没能做好某件事情的时候，我并不灰心。

[点拨]loseheart=becomediscouraged“泄气，灰心”该词组不能在heart前加one’s

lose的有关词组：

loseone’sbreath气喘咻咻；上气不接下气losecourage丧失勇气，沮丧

loseface丢脸，丧失声誉loseone’shead昏了头，冲动

loseone’sheart(tosb/sth)爱上，钟情于loseone’slife丧生

loseone’sway迷路losetouchwith(sb/sth)失去联系

loseone’svoice失音，嗓子哑loseinterestin失去兴趣

Youwilldobetterifyoutakeiteasy.

假如你放松点，你会做得更好。

[点拨]takeiteasy=relax;notworktoomuchordotoomuch“放松；不过分努力；不做过多”

该词组还可以说takethingseasy

e.g.Iliketotakethings/iteasywhenI’monholiday.我在假日愿意轻松一些。

有关take的词组:

takeaftersb（在长相或性格方面）像（其母亲或父亲）

takeaway拿走takein欺骗，蒙蔽某人；收容某人

takeoff脱下（衣服、帽子等）（不及物）起飞

takeup拿起，从事，占用takeon呈现takesbon雇佣某人

takeawalk/rest=haveawalk/resttakeone’stime从容，慢慢行动

takesth.inone’sarms抱takeout取出takeplace发生

takefood/medicine吃食物/药taketheplaceof取代，代替

takesth.forgranted想当然takesb.for误认为

Keepupthegoodwork!

保持好的工作。

[点拨]keepup=continuesthatthesamelevel保持，维持

e.g.Theysangsongstokeeptheirmoraleup.他们唱着歌以保持高昂的士气。

牢记下面keep所构成的短语：

keep(sb/sth)away(fromsb/sth)使某人/某事物不靠近某人/某事

keepback阻止keepoff远离，不接近keepon继续

keepout(of)使…不进入keepupwith跟上，赶上

keepdown蹲下，控制keepone’sword守信

Listening

Whatmakesthedifferencesinthenarrator’sapproachtohisownsituation?

为了摆脱自己的处境，讲述者所用的方法有什么独到之处？

[点拨]makea/some/no/any/notmuch/agreatdealofdifference“有（颇有，没有，有何，没有多大，有很大）差别，重要性”

e.g.1.Flowersmakenodifferencetoaroom.房间里有没有花没什么差别。

[点拨]1.tellthedifferencebetweenAandB“说出A和B之间的区别”

e.g.Alotofpeoplecan’ttellthedifferencesbetweenanAmericanaccentandaCanadianaccent.许多人说不出美国口音和加拿大口音之间的区别。

2.AisdifferentfromB.“A与B是不同的”

e.g.MaryisdifferentfromJane.玛莉和珍是不同的。

3.splitthedifference“折中，”“彼此将就”

e.g.Yousay$10andIsay$12,solet’ssplitthedifferenceandcallit$11.

你说10美元，我说12美元，大家将就一下算11好了。

Whydoesthenarratorblamehimselfforhisfate?

讲述者为什么责怪自己的命运？

[点拨]blame的用法小结：

1.blamesthonsb“把某事归咎于某人”

e.g.TheyblamedthefailureonGeorge.他们把失败归咎于乔治。

2.blamesbforsth“把某事归咎于某人”

e.g.TheyblamedGeorgeforthefailure.他们把失败归咎于乔治。

betoblamefor“应负责任，应受谴责”

e.g.Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?火灾之引起应由谁来负责？

bear/taketheblame(forsth)“（对某事）负责”

e.g.Wewerereadytotake/beartheblameforwhathadhappened.

我们准备对所发生的事情承担责任？

3.put/laytheblameonsb(forsth)“（将某事）归咎于某人”

e.g.Thejudgelaid/puttheblameonthedriverofthecarfortheaccident.

法官判定汽车的驾驶员应对该意外事件负责。

Speaking

Allalone,andwithveryfewtools,hemanagedtosurviveontheislandformorethan27years.

在几乎没有工具的情况下，他孤零零地在岛屿上设法生存了27年多。

[点拨]allalone=byoneself这里的all相当于“completely”

e.g.Shelivesallalone/allbyoneself.她独自一个人生活。

[辨析]lonely与alone:

lonely只能作形容词，不可作副词。它既可作表语，也可作定语。作表语时，alone指没有别的人，意为“独自，单独”；lonely指一种心理状态，意为“寂寞，孤独”。指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊所产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。

e.g.Hedoesn’tfeellonelywhenheisalone.即使他独自一人时也不感到寂寞。

另外，alone用作副词，译为“独自”，“单独”

e.g.Shedarednotgohomealone.她不敢独自回家。

识记有关alone的词组:

leave/letsb/sthalone“听其自然，不予干涉”

e.g.Youhadbetterleavethatdogalone;itwillbiteyouifyouteaseit.

你最好不要去惹那只狗;如果你捉弄它,它会咬你的.

letalone“且不论,至于…更不必说”

e.g.Hecan’tfindmoneyfornecessities,letalonesuchluxuriesaswineandtobacco.

他连生活必需品都无钱购买,更不必说烟、酒等奢侈品了。

…andtalkhowyouwillsatisfyyourbasicneedsontheislandformanyyearstocome,…谈论一下在随后到来的许多年里，你将在岛屿上如何满足你的基本需要…

[点拨]satisfy的用法小结：

1.satisfysb.“使某人满足或满意”

e.g.Nothingsatisfieshim:he’salwayscomplaining.她对什么都不满意，总是在抱怨。

2.satisfyone’sneed/desire/demand/curiosity“满足某人的需要（欲望、要求、好奇心）

e.g.SoontheyproducedenoughTVsetstosatisfypeople’sdemands.

很快，他们生产了足够多的彩电来满足人们的需求。

3.besatisfiedwith“对…满意”

e.g.Iwasquitesatisfiedwithwhathehaddone.我对他所做的一切感到满意.

4.expressone’ssatisfactionwith“对…表示满意”

e.g.Theteacherexpressedhissatisfactionwiththestudents’resultsafterthetest.

考试后,老师对学生们的成绩很满意.

5.withsatisfaction“满意地”

e.g.Henoddedwithsatisfaction.他满意地点点头.

6.toone’ssatisfaction“使某人满意的是”

e.g.Thewarcametoanend,tothesatisfactionofeverybody.

战争结束了,人人都非常高兴.

Reading

ThisaccountofthewonderfullandbeyondtheRockyMountainsgavehimtheideatomovethere.书中对于落矶山脉旁边的那块神奇地带的描述,使父亲萌生了去那儿的念头。

[点拨]beyond的用法：

prep.1.在…远处，在…那一边

e.g.Thenewhousingestatestretchesbeyondtheplaying-fields.

新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的那一边。

2.迟于或超过（某一时间）

e.g.Itwon’tgoonbeyondmidnight.这不会持续到午夜以后。

3.越出（某事物）范围

e.g.Thebicycleisbeyondrepair.这辆自行车已不能修理了。

4.除…以外

e.g.He’sgotnothingbeyondhisstatepension.

除了国家发的养老金,他一无所有。

5.beyondsb.对于某人来说难以想象、理解或估计

e.g.It’sbeyondmewhyshewantstomarryGeoff.

我不能理解她为什么要和杰弗结婚。

adv.在远处，向远方

e.g.Theimmediatefutureisclear,butit’shardtotellwhatliesbeyond.

近期内的情况很清楚，但很难说以后如何。

Itwasnoteasytodecidewhattotakeandwhattoleavebehind.

决定带什么和不带什么是不容易的。

[点拨]“whattotakeandwhattoleavebehind”是“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作宾语。“疑问词+不定式”在句中可单独作主语、表语、宾语等.

e.g.1.Howtodealwiththeproblempuzzledus.（主语）

如何处理这个问题使我们感到困惑。

e.g.2.Youmustlearnhowtobepatient.（宾语）你必须学会如何保持耐心。

e.g3.Theproblemwaswheretofindtherightpersonforthejob.（表语）

问题是到哪儿找到合适的人干这工作。

[点拨]leavesb/sthbehind“未能或忘记带某人/某物”

e.g.Itwon’train,youcanleaveyourumbrellabehind.

不会下雨，你不必带伞了。

BythemiddleofOctoberwesetoffforourjourneyacrossthecontinent

到了十月中旬，我们动身开始了横跨大陆之旅

[点拨]1.setofffor+地点“朝某地出发或动身”

e.g.Einstein’sfamilysetofffortheStatesin1933.

爱因斯坦一家在1933年动身去美国。

2.setoff还可以作及物动词，“使爆发/爆炸”“引起”

e.g.1.Aslighttouchwillsetthebomboff.稍一触动就会使炸弹爆炸。

e.g.2.Martin’sspeechsetoffawaveofanger.马丁的演说激起了愤怒的浪潮。

3.setouttodosth./setaboutdoingsth.“开始/着手做某事”

e.g.Thenewgovernmentmustsetaboutfinding(setouttofind)solutionstothecountry’seconomicproblems.

新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

[归纳]有关“出发、动身”的短语：

start/leave/setoff/setout动身

startforA动身前往A地sailforA启航前往A地

leave(B)forA/setoff(B)forA/setout(B)forA（离开B地）动身前往A地

headforA/makewayforA/向A地进发

Thiswasthemeetingplaceforpeoplemovingtothewest.

这是对于进行西部之旅的人们集合的地方。

[点拨]meetingplace“集会的地方”“会面的地方”meeting是动名词作定语,表示所修饰名词的目的、用途等。

e.g.apublishinghouse出版社awalkingstick拐杖

[点拨]movingtothewest是现在分词作定语，表示所修饰名词的动作。往往相当于一个定语从句。

e.g.1.Wearebrotherssharing(=whoshare)wealandwoe.

我们是患难与共的兄弟。

e.g.2.Thereareafewboysswimming(=whoareswimming)inthestream.

有几个男孩在小溪里游泳。

…wasthemosttryingpart.…是最难熬的一部分。

[点拨]trying这里用作形容词意为“使人痛苦的”，“难堪的”考验（脾气耐性等的

e.g.atryingday难挨的一天atryingpersontodealwith不易相处的人

workthatistryingtotheeyes费眼力的工作

Waterthatwasshownonthemapprovedtobesaltypondsandnotdrinkable.地图所示有水的地方，结果却是一些盐湖池，根本不适合饮用。

[点拨]prove的用法：

1.prove+名词/代词“证明，证实”

e.g.Thesoldierhasprovedhiscourageinbattle.

2.prove+that–clause

e.g.Thesefactswillprovethatwearetellingthetruth.

这些事实将证明我们在说真话。

3.prove+复合宾语

e.g.Timewillproveme(tobe)right.时间将证明我是对的。

4.prove+(tobe)+adj./n.(此句型中的prove是系动词)

e.g.Heproved(tobe)anhonestfriend.

事实证明他是一个诚实的朋友。

Thecattlebecametiredandweak.牲畜既劳累又虚弱。

[点拨]cattle牛的总称或牲畜，前面不可加a,也没有cattles形式。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g.1Cattlemainlyfeedongrass.牛主要吃草。

e.g.2.Twentyheadofcattlehavebeenboughtinbyfarmers.

农民们买进了二十头牛。

[提示]除cattle外，总是用作复数的还有people,police等。

…theirtongueshungoutindesperateneedofwater.

它们的舌头伸在外面，极度渴望得到水。

[点拨]hangout的几种意思：

1．伸出来

e.g.Adog’stonguehangsoutwhenitrunsfast.狗快跑时舌头伸在外面。

2．晾（湿衣服）

e.g.She’sintheyard,hangingoutthewashing.她在院子里晾洗好的衣服。

3．展示

e.g.hangoutflagsfortheQueen’svisit悬旗迎接女王的莅临

识记构成的短语：

hangabou闲荡hangback犹豫hangon紧握，坚持忍耐hangup挂断电话

[点拨]1.inneedof“需要”

e.g.ThisschoolisinbadneedofEnglishteachers.这所学校急需英语教师。

2．Thereis(no)need(forsb)todosth..“(对某人)来说有(没)必要做某事”

e.g.There’snoneedforyoutostartyet.你现在还不必动身。

3．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.（谚语）患难之交才是真正的朋友。

Formanyweekswehadbeenaccustomedtoseeinghorsesandoxen,sufferingfromheat,thirst,andstarvation.几周来，马、牛饱受酷热、口渴、挨饿之苦。对于这一点我们已经司空见惯了。

[点拨]be/becomeaccustomedto=beusedto“习惯于”这里的“to”是介词.

e.g.Theboysoonbecameaccustomedtohardworkandpoorfood.

那男孩不久就习惯于苦工及劣食了。

accustom(oneself)to=makeusedto“使习惯于”

e.g.Whenhebecameasoldier,hehadtoaccustomhimselftolongmarches.

当他当兵的时候，他不得不使自己习惯于长途行军。

Lyingaroundthemwerechains,guns……在它们周围到处都是锁链、枪……

[点拨]该句属于倒装句型。因为进行时态中的分词有时可移到句首。来对这动作加以强调。

e.g.1.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.

躺在地板上的是一个大约十七岁的男孩。

e.g.2Watchingtheperformancesweremostlyforeigntourists.

观看演出的大多是一些外国游客。

Eachhadallhecoulddotosavehimselfandhisanimals.每个人唯一能做的就是挽救自己和他的牲畜。

[点拨]本句中“hecouldto”是省略“that”引导的定语从句。来修饰all本句还可以转换为Eachhadwhathecoulddotosavehimselfandhisanimals.类似的句式还有：

doall(that)sbcantodosth“尽力做某事”

e.g.Shedidallshecouldtohelphim.她做她能做的一切来帮助他。

[拓展]1.sbdoeverything(that)sbcantodosth

2.sbdoall(that)sbcantodosth

3.sbdowhatsbcantodosth

4.sbtryone’sbesttodosth

5.sbdoone’sbesttodosth在1---3三个句型中，后面省略了动词do

Ourdaysofhardshipshadcometoanend.我们艰苦的日子结束了。

[点拨]cometoanend=finish“结束，完成”

e.g.Themeetingcametoanendatlast.会议终于结束了。

cometoabadend“遭到恶报，得到报应”

e.g.Ifyoudon’tgiveupcrime,you’llcometoabadend.

如果你不停止犯罪，你会得到报应的。

牢记有关end的词组：

atalooseend无所事事make(both)endsmeet量入为出，使收支相抵

attheendof结束，到尽头putanendtosth结束某事

intheend=finallybytheendof到…末为止,不迟于end(sth)up结束

Whichhardshipsdidtheyhavetolivethrough?他们不得不经历哪些艰难困苦?

[点拨]livethrough=experienceandsurvive“经历…而未死”

e.g.Hehaslivedthroughtwowarsandthreerevolutions.他亲历两次战争和三次革命。

Integratingskills

Nomewasonlyasmallcityofabout1430souls.诺姆仅是一个大约拥有1430人口的小城。

[点拨]soul=person“人，人口”该句还相当于Nomewasonlyasmallcitywithapopulationof1430.

e.g.1.Therewasn’tasoultobeseen.连一个人也看不见了。

e.g.2Theshipsankwith200souls.那船载着200人沉没了。

[短语]thelifeandsouloftheparty,etc.（某团体等中的）核心人物，主脑

heartandsoul全心全意

Ifuntreated,itwouldproduceapowerfulpoisonthatwouldkillthepatient.假如这种疾病不予治疗的话，它就会产生一种很强的病毒，危及病人的生命。

[点拨]Ifuntreated=Ifitwasn’ttreated，这是一个省略句。状语从句中省略一些词是非常普遍的现象，通常省略主语和系动词（如果主语与主句主语相同则可省略）大部分从句中都可以有省略结构：

e.g.1.Shewouldoftensweepwhen(shewas)alone.她一个人时时常哭泣。

e.g.2.If(itis)necessary,ringmeathome.如有必要可往我家里打电话。

e.g.3.Though(itis)notlarge,theroomwaswelllit.房间虽不大却很亮堂。

e.g.4.As(itwas)expected,theafforestationmovementrapidlyspread.

如预料那样，造林运动迅速展开了。

…thatahospitalinAnchoragehadagoodsupplyof300,000units.在安克雷奇的一家医院里拥有

[点拨]supply的用法：

vt.1.供应，提供

e.g.1.Treessupplyshadeinsummer.树木在夏天提供树荫。

e.g.2.Theschoolsuppliesbooksfor/tothechildren.=Theschoolsuppliesthechildrenwithbooks.学校为孩子提供书本。

2.补充，满足

e.g.It’shardtosupplythedemandformoreandbetterhouses.

要满足人们对更多更好的房子的要求是很难的。

n.1.[U]供应，供给

e.g.supplyanddemand供给和需求

Thewatersupplyhereisgood.这里的供水不错。

2．[C]供应量（常用复数）供应品

e.g.agoodsupplyoffood大量的食物

Theycutoffourmedicalsupplies.他们切断了我们的医药供给。

[短语]inshortsupply=scarce短缺

识记“为某人提供某物”的表达方式：

supplysbwithsth.supplysthto/forsb.

providesthforsbprovidesbwithsth

offtersbsth

…butthesewerealltoughmen.…但是这都是一些能耐劳苦的人。

[点拨]tough作为形容词,意思很多:

e.g.atoughjob棘手的工作atoughcriminal残暴的凶犯

toughsoldiers能耐劳苦的军人toughmeat老肉

toughluck倒霉astoughasleather坚韧如皮革

be/gettough(withsb)(对某人)强硬

Eachteamcoveredadistanceof18to53miles.每个队伍要走18到53英里.

[点拨]cover在该句中意为“走过,行过(路程)”

e.g.Covertwentymilesaday.一天跑20英里.

cover作为及物动词使用,常见以下几种意思:

1.盖,包,覆盖

e.g.1.coverone’seyeswithahand用手遮住眼睛.

e.g.2.Thefloodscoveredlargeareasonbothsidesoftheriver.

洪水淹没了河两岸的大片地区。

2．占（时间或空间）

e.g.Thecitycoverstensquaremiles.这个城市占地10平方英里。

3．包括，涉及

e.g.Hisresearchescoveredawidefield.他的研究涉及范围很广。

4．进行新闻采访，报道

e.g.Iwantourbestreporterssenttocoverthetrial.

我要派我们最优秀的记者去采访这次审判。

5．够（付…钱）

e.g.Will$10coverthecostofanewskirt?十美元够买一条新裙子吗？

cover还可作为不及物动词，“代理，代替别人”

e.g.John’silltoday,sowillyoucoverforhim,Jean?

琴，约翰今天病了，请你代替他一下好吗？

cover用作名词时，常指“覆盖物，封面，盖子等”

…wrappedthemedicineinaquiltandtieditup.用被子把药包好，然后，捆起来。

[点拨]该句中的tieup=doup“束紧，包扎缚牢，系住，栓住等”

e.g.Wetiedtheboatupalongsidethequay.我们把船停泊在码头处。

tiesbup“捆绑某人”“缠住某人使之无暇顾及他事”

e.g.1.Thethievesleftthenight-watchmantiedupandgagged.

窃贼把夜班守卫员捆住，把他的嘴也堵住了。

e.g.2.I’mtiedupinameetinguntil3pm.我开会直到下午3点钟方可脱身。

…butheknewthatliveswereatstake.但是他知道有很多人危在旦夕。

[点拨]atstake意为“得失攸关，处境危险”

　e.g.Hislifeitselfwasatstake.他面临身败名裂的危险。

　…amemorialtoallwhoriskedtheirlivestosavethoseofothers.纪念那些冒着生命危险来挽救别人的人。

[点拨]risk作为及物动词“冒　…　之险”

e.g.１.riskone’shealth/fortune/life/failure“冒着健康（财富、生命、失败）之险”

e.g.2.Wemustriskgettingcaughtinastorm.

我们必须冒为暴风雨所阻之险。

risk还可用作名词，“冒险”常常构成下列短语：

1.run/takerisks/arisk“冒…之险”

e.g.You’rerunningabigriskintrustinghim

你信任他实在要冒很大的风险。

2．run/taketheriskofdoingsth“冒…之险”

e.g.We’lltaketheriskofbeinglate.我们将冒迟到之险。

3．attheriskof/atriskto“不顾…之险”

e.g.Hewasdeterminedtogetthereevenattheriskofhislife.

他决心到那里,虽冒生命危险在所不惜.

[点拨]those在该句代替前面出现过的“lives”

e.g.1.Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.

这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

e.g.2.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.

夏天的白天比冬天的长。

Grammar

语法：TheAttribute

1.定语的表示法:

定语可以用下面这些成分表示:

1)形容词:

e.g.It’safine(windy,rainy,warm)day.这是一晴朗的(刮风、下雨、暖和)的日子。

2）代词（和限定词）

e.g.Helpyourselftosome(more)fish.（再）吃一点鱼。

3）数词

e.g.Therearetwentystudentsinourclass.我们班有二十名学生。

4）名词或名词所有格

e.g.1.Sheisacollegegraduate.她是大学毕业生。

e.g.2.What’syourgovernment’sattitudetowardstheproblem?你们政府对此态度如何？

5）分词短语

e.g.Thesearetheroadsleadingtothebeach.这是通往海滨的路。

6）不定式短语

e.g.I’vesomethingimportanttodiscusswithyou.

我有一件重要的事情要和你商量。

7）介词短语

e.g.Who’sthatgirlwithapigtail?那个梳辫子的女孩是谁？

8）副词

e.g.Ihavenothingspecialontonight.今晚我没有什么特别活动。

9）词组或合成词

e.g.1.Isanythingthematterwithyou?你出什么事了？

e.g.2.Heisaneasy-goingman.他是一个容易相处的人。

10）从句

e.g.Sheisagirleveryonelikes.她是一个人人都喜欢的姑娘。

2．定语的位置

当定语由一个单词表示时，多数都放在所修饰词的前面:

e.g.theoppressedpeople被压迫的民族

everlastingfriendship永恒的友谊

但在下面情况下，却可以放在所修饰词的后面：

*它由here,there,up,out,down,home,abroad这类副词表示：

e.g.OnourtripabroadwevisitedrelativesinBelgium.

我们在国外旅行时看望了在比利时的亲戚。

*它修饰的是由some,any,no,every等构成的合成词：

e.g.There’snothingwrongwiththemachine.机器没有毛病。

定语放在所修饰词后面的主要有以下几种：

*定语从句：

e.g.ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她被我说的一句话得罪了。

*介词短语：

e.g.Shewasayoungwomanofcharacter.她是一个有个性的青年女子。

*分词短语及不定式短语：

e.g.Herearetheseatsreservedforyou.这儿是给你们留的座位。

e.g.Theirattempttocrosstheriverfailed.他们渡江的企图失败了。

3．定语的顺序

一个名词有两个或更多定语修饰时，大体上按以下顺序：

all,both+冠词或物主代词+其他单词定语+名词

e.g.allthegirlstudents所有的女学生

bothhisyoungersisters他的两个小妹妹

*有个别定语可放在冠词a前面

e.g.suchanicepersonmanyastudentratherafailure

soshortatimetoosmallaroomhoweverbrilliantamind

*有几个形容词修饰时，表示基本特征的往往离所修饰的词最近。则可按以下口诀记忆：限定描绘大、长、高；形状、年龄和新老；颜色国籍出材料；作用类别往后靠。即：限定词（The,A）+描绘性形容词+大小(size)+形状(shape)+时间、年龄(age)+颜色(color)+国籍、来源（origin）+材料(material)+目的(purpose)+名词

e.g.aheavyblackChinesesteelumbrella

考题档案

1.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

----Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET1999)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.who

2.______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocoutrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.(2002上海春季高考)

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which

3.Acomputercanonlydo______youhaveinstructedittodo.(2001全国高考)

A.howB.afterC.whatD.when

4.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_____thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatC.treatingD.treated

5.----You’vemadegreatprogressinyourstudiesofEnglish,haven’tyou?

-----Yes,butmuch_______.

A.remaintodoB.isremainedtodoC.remainstobedoneD.isremainedtobedone

6.Itisbelievedthatifabookis_____,itwillsurely_____thereader.(上海2003)

A.interested…interestB.interesting…beinterested

C.interested…beinterestingD.interesting…interest

7．Mr.Smith,______ofthe_____speech,startedtoreadanovel(北京2003春)

A.tired…boringB.tiring…boredC.tired…boredD.tiring…boring

8.Icanthinkofmanycases_____studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay(上海2003)

A.whyB.whichC.asD.where

9.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what

10.Hedideverything_____breaktherecord.

A.thathecouldB.thathecouldtoC.whichhecouldD.whichhecouldto

11.PremierZhou____tobeunforgettableintheheartsoftheChinesepeople.

A.provedB.regardedC.thoughtD.considered

12.Cattle____keptoffthefieldsbybamboofence.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

13.Somepassengerscomplainthatitusually______solongtofillintravelinsurancedocuments.

A.costsB.takesC.spendsD.spares(2003北京高考)

14.Don’tkeepthedoor_____atnight.

A.openedB.openingC.openD.toopen

15.----Will$200_____?

----I’mafraidnot.Weneedatleast50moredollars.(湖北2004)

A.countB.satisfyC.fitD.do

参考答案

1.A.why引导的表语从句

2.B.what引导的主语从句

3.C.what引导的宾语从句

4.C.“havetrouble(indoingsth)”

5.C.“remaintobedone“

6.D.7.A.8.D.9.B.10.B.11.A.12.A.13.B.14.C.15.D

一课一测

（检测自己的能力）

A级（基础训练）

I.在四个备选答案中选择出意义与划线部分的词或词组最为相近的答案。

1.Alotofpeoplethinkthatshetakesafterherfather.

A.supportsB.resemblesC.caresD.looks

2.Mostboysgoinforroughgames.

A.seekforB.takepartinC.enjoywatchingD.research

3.Shewasstandingtherewhenhepulledup.

A.enteredB.arrivedC.beganD.concluded

4.Youmustreallyapplyyourselftosomeseriouswork.

A.getdownB.gettoC.getthroughD.getat

5.Ourvisitprovedtobeawasteoftimebecausefogreducedvisibility.

A.turneddownB.turnedonC.turnedoutD.turnedoff

II.单句该错：

6．Onceyou’llunderstandEnglish,itwon’tbedifficulttoliveinAmerica.

7．Thereasonwhyhemissedthebuswasbecausehegotuplate.

8．Fivemothslater,Iaccustomedmyselftolivehere.

9．Manypeoplewerekilledintheircars,butafewluckyonewerenothurt.

10．Amemorialofheroeshasbeensetup.

B级（应用创新）

I单项填空

1.----Suan,willyoupleasegoandemptythedrawer?----_______?(全国I2004)

A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome

2.WhenIreally_____totakecareofsomebody,I’lltrymybest.

A.setoutB.setoffC.setaboutD.setup

3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun

4.CanadaandAustraliahelpto_____English____food.

A.provide…forB.supplu…toC.provide…withD.supply…with

5.______Ihadtime,Iwouldhavecheckedmyanswersagain.

A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When

6.Coulditbeintherestaurantin______youhaddinnerwithmeyesterday___youleftbehindyourwallet?

A.which…whenB.which…thatC.where…thatD.that…where

7.Sodifficult______ittoliveinanEnglish–speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(上海2001)

A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel

8.It’sbetterto____atthisjobthantohurryandmakemistakes.

A.takeyourtimeB.takehismedicineC.takehiswayD.takeyourchance

9.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,_____(上海2003)

A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedin

C.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin

10.—DoyouknowwhatBushHouseislike?

----Yes,Itisa(n)_____buildinganditisthehomeofBBCEnglish.

A.niceoldtallwhiteB.oldtallnicewhiteC.nicetalloldwhiteD.whiteniceoldtall

11.Suchthings_____familyprovidewereoutofdatenowadays.

A.alikeB.likeC.similarD.as

12.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.(NMET1995)

A.itB.thoseC.themD.one

13.Whenfirst_____tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(全国II2004)A.introducingB.introducedC.ntroduceD.beingintroduced

14.Thedictionary_____whereyou_____itwhenyouleftyesterday.

A.lay…layB.lies…liedC.lies…laidD.laid…laid

15.Ourneighbourhas______ours.(北京II2004)

A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseas

C.thesamebighouseasD.ahousethesamebigas

II.完形填空

Doyouknowhowlongit’sbeensincemobilephonewerefirstinvented?OnApril3,30yearsago,thefirstpubliccallwas1fromahandheldwirelessphone.

MartinCooper,a(n)2researcheratMotorola,madethecallfromacornerinNewYorkCitybackin1973.

Peoplewerevery3atthephone,Cooperremembered.“Wecausedagreatstir（轰动）,”hesaid.

Thephonewasa4thingbytoday’sstandards–it5almost1kilogramandwasabout25centimeterslong.Now,6phonesfitintothepalmofyourhandandweighlittlemorethanalemon.

Butbackthen,itwasahuge7,especiallywhen8thecarmobilephonesthathadbeenin9sincethe1940s.

A10phoneweighedmorethan13kilogramsand11thousandsofdollars.Anownerhadtodrillaholeinthe12justtoinstallit.

Atthattime,Cooperwas13withJoelEngel,theheadofresearchatarival14communicationscompany.So,hemadethefirstcalltohim.

“Itoldhim:Joel,I’m15youfromarealcellphone,”saidCooper.“IthoughtIheardgnashingofteeth（咬牙切齿）attheotherend,16hewaspolite.”

Sincethatfirstcall,some1billionpeoplearoundtheworldnowownmobiles.

Today,theyaremultifunctional（多功能的）withmoreandmorefeatures，17shorttextmessages,camerasandMP3players.

However,74-year-oldCooperstillbelievethe“originaldream”ofatrulymobilephonecallisnotyeta18.Thatis:beingabletouseaphonetocallanyonefromanywhere.

Cooper’sdreamphoneisso19thatitfitsbehindhisearandautomatically（自动地）dialsoutwhenhethinksaboutcallingsomeone.Andwhenthereisanincomingcall,ittrickles（轻震）insteadof20.

1.A.madeB.doneC.recordedD.taken

2.A.JapaneseB.EnglishC.CanadianD.American

3.A.surprisedB.angryC.encouragedD.delighted

4.A.smallB.beautifulC.bigD.smart

5.A.measuredB.weighedC.smelledD.lifted

6.A.ordinaryB.wirelessC.visionD.mobile

7.A.progressB.mistakeC.advancementD.failure

8.A.comparedwithB.differentfromC.satisfiedwithD.referredto

9.A.orderB.workC.constructionD.use

10.A.mobileB.cellC.carD.common

11.A.worthB.costC.spentD.paid

12.A.carB.wallC.groundD.phone

13.A.tradingB.talkingC.competingD.quarreling

14.A.cableB.postC.teleD.wireless

15.A.tellingB.helpingC.watchingD.calling

16.A.butB.soC.thenD.however

17.A.likeB.suchC.asD.in

18.A.dreamB.blueprintC.realityD.trend

19.A.largeB.beautifulC.commonD.small

20.A.criesB.ringsC.creamsD.laughs

III．阅读理解

(A)

Hemaynotbetheworld’swealthiestendorse（代言人）,butheiscertainlyoneofthetallest.That2.26-meterheighthashelpedNBAAll-StarYaoMingonthebasketballcourtandinmarketingdeals.

TheChinesecenterfortheHoustonRocketshasalreadyappearedinTVsportsforVisaandAppleandhejustsignedadealforcommercialsforGatorade,thesportsdrink.

Hisquickrisehassurprisedsomemarketingexperts,becausemanyexpectedYao’scourtskills----andhisfigureasaproductendorser---tomaketime.

“Allofasudden,he’sallovertheplace.”saidBobDorfman,businesscreativedirectorforSanFrancisco----basedPickettAdvertising.“Ithinkit’salittlebitofasurprisetoseehowcomfortableheisoncameraandhowcharmingheiswithoutbeingabletospeakmorethanafewsentencesofEnglish.”

RicIverson,theVicepresidentofsalesforHarbrew,abeerimporteranddistributor(批发商)inNewYork,saidhewasinHoustoninJuneforarestauranttradeshow,whichtookplacethesameweekastheNBAplayerpick.

AHoustonradiostationwasthrowingapartyatalocalbar,soIversongavethemseveralcasesofChina’sYanjingbeer,forwhichHarbrewisthesoleUSimporter.

BecausetheRocketswereexpectedtochooseYaoasthetoppickoverallthatday,aboutathirdofthe3000partygoerswereAsian,Iversonsaid.ThebarendedupsellingalltheYanjingthatHarbrewhadoffered,andIversonlatergotacallfromeaRocketsbusinessmanwhohadseenthesuccessofYanjingbeerandwantedtopartnerwithHarbrew.HarbrewnowhascourtsideadsinHoustonadvertisingYanjinginEnglishandChinese,andthebeerissoldattheplaceduringbasketballgames.

DorfmanandBobWilliams,chiefofanIllinoiscompanythattracksentertainmentmarketing,saidtheonlywayYao’soff---curtdealswillimproveisifhiscourtplaydoes,too.

1.Theunderlinedsentenceheremeans“”.

A.HebecamewellknownsuddenlyB.Hisfigureisdisplayedeverywhere

C.HeflieshereandthereintheUSA.D.Hesucceededoutofothers’expectation

2.Thefirsttwoparagraphtellus.

A.YaoMingissuccessfulbothonthebasketcourtandinmarketingdeals.

B.YaoMingisn’tthoughttobetheworld’swealthiestendorser.

C.YaoMingispopularwiththeAmericanpeople

D.WhyYaoMingwasacceptedbytheHoustonRockets.

3.TheauthortookRicIversonasanexampletoshow.

A.RicIversonisfairlysuccessfulinhiscareers.

B.TheNBAplayerpickisofgreatimportanceinAmericanlife.

C.YanjingbeeragreewiththeAmericans.

D.YaoMing’spresencehasindirectlybenefitedsomecompanies.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.BasketballerTakesupAdsAsWell

B.AnNBAAll—StarBecomesAHit

C.BasketballerStandingTallinAdsWorld

D.MoreInternetinAdsRatherThanBasketball

(B)

WhatisanAmericanmarriagelike?Asitisdescribedinpopularfiction,theAmericanmarriageisheavenonearth:problemsaretinyandeasytosolve;trueloveisalwaysvictorious;andtheunderstandinghusbandandhisbeautifulwifelive“happilyeverafter”asthefairytalessay.

Fortunately,mostyoungpeopleknowbetter.Theyrealizethatmarriagemeansresponsibilities,conflicts（冲突）,andeverydayhousework.Theymarry“forbetterorforworse”becauseintheUSAitisextremelydifficultforasinglepersontoenjoyafullandsatisfyinglife.

IntheUSA,parentsdon’tarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren.Teenagersbegindatinginhighschoolandusuallyfindmatesthroughtheirownactivities.Thoughyoungpeoplefeelfreetochoosetheirfriendsfromdifferentgroups,mostchooseamateofsimilarbackground.Thisispartlyduetoparents’guidence.Parentscan’tselectspouses(配偶)fortheirchildren,buttheycanusuallyinfluencechoicesbyvoicingdisagreementofsomeonetheyconsiderunsuitable.

However,marriagebetweenmembersofdifferentgroupsareincreasing,probablybecauseofthegreaterchanceofchangeoftoday’syouthandthefactthattheyarelimitedbyfeweroldideasthantheirparents.Manyyoungpeopleleavetheirhometowntoattendcollege,toserveinthearmedforces,ortoseekafortuneinabiggercity.Onceawayfromhomeandfamily,theyaremorelikelytodateandmarryoutsidetheirownsocialgroup.

TheaverageAmericanmanisabouttwenty—threeyearsoldatthetimeofmarriage,hisbride（新娘）isabouttwenty-one.Traditionally,whenacoupledecidestomarry,themangiveshisfiancee（未婚妻）adiamondengagementring.Whentheengagementperiodbegins,thebride–to–beandherfuturehusbandmustmeetotherrelatives,makepreparationsfortheirweddingandhoneymoon,andplantheirfuturetogether.

1.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatboysandgirlsintheUSA.

A.areallowedtoloveeachotherinhighschool.

B.canonlybeinloveaftertheyfinishtheirschooleducation

C.canonlylookforfriendsinsociety

D.arenotcaredforbytheirparents

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Mostyoungpeoplechoosetheirfriendsofsimilarbackground

B.Today’syoutharemorechangeableandhavefeweroldideasthantheirparents.

C.Thereisnoadvicefromtheirparentsforthechildren’smarriage.

D.Afterengagement,aboyfriendfirstbuyshisfianceeadiamondengagementring

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.UnderstandingBetweenHusbandandWife

B.MarriageintheUnitedStates

C.NoMarriageArrangementfromParents

D.HowtoPrepareforMarriage

IV．短文改错

Englishisthemostwideusedlanguageinthe1_______

world.MethodsoflearningEnglishwillhavebeen2_______

improvedgreatsincethebeginningofthiscentury.3_______

Learningalanguageisjustamatterofknowinglots4_______

ofgrammarrulesandbuildupanumberofwords.A5_______

studentmasteryofalanguageismeasuredbyhow6_______

wellhecanusethem.Englishisnota“subject”like7_______

historyandphysics,anda“skill”likeswimming8_______

andfootball.Youlearntoswimbygettingthewater9_______

andswimming.Youlearnfootballbygoingandkicking10_______

it.AndyoulearnEnglishbyusingit,withoutbyknowingit.

V．书面表达

最近，你校英语课堂采用了现代化教学技术，带来若干变化。请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍这些变化。

过去

现在

1.老师说，学生记，无思考余地

2.所学内容难懂，难记

3.枯燥乏味，不感兴趣

1.视、听、说齐全

2.化难为易，便于理解

3.生活活泼，乐于学习

注意：1。信的开头已为你写好

2．词数100左右。

DearEditor,

I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourEnglishclassessincemodernteachingtechniquesstartedtobeused.

Yourstruly

LiHua

参考答案

A级

I．1----5BBBAC6.you’ll→you7.because→that8.live→living

9.one→ones10.of→to

B级

I单项填空

1---5AADCC6---10BDADC11----15DDBCB

II完形填空

1----5ADACB6----10DCADC11----15BACDD16----20AACDB

III阅读理解

A:1---4BADCB:1---3ACB

IV短文改错

1.wide→widely2.will划掉3.great→greatly

4.is∧not5.build→building6.student→student’s7.them→it

8.第二个and→but9.getting∧into10.正确

V书面表达

DearEditor,

I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourEnglishclassessincemodernteachingtechniquesstartedtobeused.

Teachersusedtospeakaloneallthetimeinclass,keepingstudentsbusymakingnotesandleavingthemnotimetothinkforthemselves.Asaresult,whatwastaughtinclasswasdifficulttounderstandortoremember.Theclassesweresodullthatthestudentsgraduallylostinterestinlearningthelanguage.

However,thingsaredifferentnow.Withthehelpofcomputersandotherequipment,studentsnotonlylisten,butalsowatchandspeakalotinclass,whichmakeswhatisdullordifficulteasiertounderstandandremember.Englishclasseshavebecomesointerestingandlivelythatallthestudentsarereadytograspthisusefultool.

Yourstruly,

LiHua

习题对话

Languagestudy

Wordstudy:

1.(1)pond(2)burden(3)starve(4)circumstance

(5)anxiety(6)desperate(7)keepup(8)addup(9)takeiteasy

2.(1)burdens(2)pond(3)starvation(4)desperate(5)anxiety(6)cometoanend

3.(1)hadcometoend(2)cametoanagreement(3)cametoaconclusion

(4)comingtoacompletestop(5)hascometoadecision(6)cametoabetterunderstanding

Grammar

1.(1)wonderfulland（形容词）(2)myfather（形容词性物主代词）

(3)journerwestward（副词）(4)nothingtoeat（不定式）

(5)tryingpart（形容词）arunningstream（现在分词）

(6)greenvalley（形容词）promisedland（过去分词）

(7)myfour–year-oldson（合成词）

(8)Farmerswhosawusstaredatus（定语从句）walkingskeletons（现在分词）

2.(1)D(2)I(3)A(4)J(5)F(6)C(7)H(8)B(9)E

课文译文

西行纪事

在1845年的春天，父亲读了一本有关加利福尼亚的书。书中对于落矶山脉旁边的那块神奇地带的描述,使父亲萌生了去那儿的念头。不到半年，我们打点行装，驾着马车，离开了农场。决定带什么和不带什么是不容易的。到了十月中旬，我们动身开始了横跨大陆之旅：这是一次要行程2500多英里，用时大约一年的旅行。我们与其他许多家庭结伴而行。大部分的车子是由牛拉的。然而，我们的车子是由马拉的。

我们穿越了四个州，决定过完冬天在继续前行。到了春天，我们又继续西行。我们的第一个目的地是堪萨斯州的印第安港湾，那就是边界了。这也是对于进行西部之旅的人们集合的地方。在1846年4月12日那一天，我们大家都做好了准备，然后，驾着45辆马车又出发了。

我们白天前行。夜晚，当我们宿营时，大家把马车赶在营火周围。最令人难熬的旅行莫过于穿越大陆中部的山脉和沙漠了。有时，在没有路的地方，马车不得不被抬起来，往上拉。穿过了沙漠，我们进入了看似优美的盐湖谷。我们沿湖绕了一周，不一会儿，我们来到了盐湖沙漠。在1846年11月4日，我们进入了沙漠，不久，我们迷了路。我们不得不在没有水喝没有草给牲畜吃的情况下，行进了大约九十英里。我们称之为“漫漫长路”。一路上到处都是不毛之地。地图所示有水的地方，结果却是一些盐湖池，根本不适合饮用。就连一小片草地也找不到，可想而知，在沙漠里前行对牲畜们来说是多么艰难了。因此，我们也不能做在马车上了，只能在马车旁徒步而行。一路上，我背着仅有四岁的小儿子。牲畜又累又弱。它们拖着四肢，虚弱地承担不了任何负荷了，它们的舌头伸在外面，多么渴望有水喝。然而，我们拥有的水如此之少，根本不敢给它们喝。因为，这些牲畜们再也不能拖动马车了，我们不得不把马车烧掉，把行李放在马背上。现在，我们得徒步再走500英里那么远。

几周来，马、牛饱受酷热、口渴、挨饿之苦。对于这一点我们已经司空见惯了。现在，情况更糟糕了，沿途几英里，路两旁到处都是死的牲畜和被遗弃的马车。在它们周围有锁链、枪支、工具、铺盖、衣服和许多其他的物品。主人们把所有的东西都丢下了，为了挽救自己的性命，急匆匆地前进。大家都急于到达一个安全的地方，没有人愿意停下来看一看或帮助一下。事实上，大部分情况下，情形如此令人绝望，致使没有人能帮助对方。每一个人唯一能做的就是挽救自己和他的牲畜。我们称它为“死亡之谷”。

我太累了，以致于虚弱地跪倒在地，开始在沙子中爬行。我们行进队伍中的一个年青人建议我和孩子留下来，等待帮助。我知道，他在想什么。但是，我站起来说：“不，我不会放弃的”。我知道放弃就意味着葬身于沙海之中。

在圣诞节早晨的三点钟，我们到达了沙漠的边缘。牲畜们肯定闻到了水的味道，它们几乎都跑开了，很快，我们来到了一条正在流淌的小溪跟前。凡是看见我们的农夫们，他们都盯着我们看，因为，他们难以相信他们所见到的：一群疲惫不堪，形容枯槁的人们。当我们看见了一座山谷，山谷上到处都是肥胖的马、牛、羊时，我们认为我们到达了我们期望的乐土。我们苦难的日子结束了。

综合技能

北方英雄

瑞沃斯：今天是对从安克雷奇---诺姆这段狗拉雪橇接力赛的八十周年纪念日。我们来谈论一下，帕克斯先生，你能给我们谈一谈有关这次接力赛的历史吗？

帕克斯：第一次接力赛不是一场竞赛，而是一场为了争取时间的接力赛。八十年前，它是轰动全球的事件，但是，现在在阿拉斯加以外的大部分人们已忘却了二十位勇士和他们的狗是如何营救数百人的生命的。

瑞沃斯：那时，发生了什么事？

帕克斯：诺姆仅是一个大约拥有1430人口的小城。那是1925年的冬天，有一天，柯蒂斯.韦尔奇医生发现了有些孩子得了一种可怕的疾病，对于这种疾病他已经无药物可以治疗了。就连最近的一家医院也是在1000英里以外的地方。

瑞沃斯：谢谢你。今天，我们有幸请来了韦尔奇医生的孙女——韦尔奇小姐。韦尔奇小姐你能再给我们讲述一些内容吗？

韦尔奇：在1月21日那一天，有个人来请求我爷爷的帮助。他的孩子们病得很重，孩子的母亲以为他们得了流感，因为，孩子们的嗓子又红又肿，他们在发着高烧，他们的呼吸很微弱。第二天，他们就死了。

瑞沃斯：那到底是什么疾病呢？

韦尔奇：几天后，他发现又有几个孩子生病了。他们得的是一种叫“白喉”的疾病，这是一种传播很快的疾病。假如这种疾病不予治疗的话，它就会产生一种很强的病毒，危及病人的生命。韦尔奇医生他拥有的疫苗仅供大约五个人使用。阻止这场突如其来的大灾难唯一的办法就是尽可能快地得到更多的疫苗。

瑞沃斯：他们到哪儿去找疫苗呢？

帕克斯：令人欣慰的是在安克雷奇的一家医院里还有300，000支疫苗。但是，问题是如何很快地把这些疫苗送到诺姆呢？

瑞沃斯：那有问题吗？

韦尔奇：在1925年，没有什么可以很快地被送到诺姆的。因为，当时海水都结冰了，而且，仅有的两架飞机也停飞了。

瑞沃斯：那么，该怎么办呢？

帕克斯：唯一的办法就是用狗拉雪橇接力，行过尼纳纳和诺姆之间的674英里。二十个人带着疫苗进行狗拉雪橇接力。要知道，北极的冬天特别寒冷，但是，这都是一些能吃苦耐劳的人。每一组人都要行程18到53英里那么远。每一分钟都至关重要。大家认为，这次行程需13天才能完成。

瑞沃斯：疫苗到底是如何被带到尼纳纳的呢？

韦尔奇：安克雷奇的医生把药裹在被子里，然后扎紧。一列火车把包裹从安克雷奇运到尼纳纳。

瑞沃斯：因此，真正的与时间的赛跑是从尼纳纳开始的。对吗？

帕克斯：是的。我们仅能祈祷药品能准时到达。十八个人白天黑夜地赶着雪橇穿行在暴风雪当中。连续行程了五天。当时，气温在零下三十多度。最后一个人所面临的是一场非常可怕的暴风雪，但他深知许多生命危在旦夕，当他完成了他的路程时，他发现接下来的那个人睡着了，要是唤醒他时间将被浪费掉，要知道二十英里以外的许多人们生命垂危，因此，他继续前行。

瑞沃斯：他准时到达那儿了吗？

帕克斯：他准时到了那儿。但是，当队伍在黎明前到达的时候，没有一个人迎接他们。因为，整个小城还在沉睡当中。但是，很快诺姆的人们就看到了希望的曙光。那些狗太累了，以至于它们都叫不出声来。诺姆的孩子们得救了！

韦尔奇：是的！那些勇士们在大约127个小时内行程了接近700英里。但是，真正的英雄们不应被忘记。在那年的十二月份，在纽约中央公园树立了一个狗的青铜塑像：来纪念那些冒着生命危险来挽救别人生命的人们。

高三英语教案 Unit 6 Going west (课文理解与知识点讲解)

Unit6Goingwest
Comprehendthetext
Pre-reading
Asweallknow,therearemanypeoplewhoarefromotherplacesinourcity.Theycomeherefordifferentreasons,somebecauseofthewar,somebecauseofthepoorsoilandsomebecauseofthebadweatherintheirplaces.Therearemanydifficultiesforthemgoingfromoneplacetoanother.Canyouimaginewhatdifficultiesdidtheygothrough?Atthattime,therearenocarsandtrains.Andthetransportisnotsoconvenient.
Now,readthetestinyourbooks,youwilllearnaboutsomethingaboutthesettlersfromotherplaces.

Reading
Readthetextthenanswersomequestions.
1Whendidwedecidetomovetoanotherplace?
1845,10
2Howlongdidthejourneylast?
Aboutayear
3Whatisourfirstdestination?
IndiaGreekinKansas
4Isthejourneyhard?Canyoumakesomeexamplesaboutit?
Yes,itishard.Youcanmakemanyexamples.

Post—reading
TrueorFalse
(F)1Wetraveledalone.
withmanyotherfamilies
(F)2Wetraveleddayandnight.
byday
(T)3Duringwalkingthroughthedesert,wecouldn’tridethewagons.
(T)4Formanyweekswehadsufferedfromheat,thirstandstarvation.
(F)5Duringthelongjourney,wecouldhelpeachother.
Thesituationwassodesperatethat,inmostcases,noonecouldhelpanother.Eachhadallhecoulddotosavehimselfandhisanimals.
(F)6WhenayoungmaninourgroupsuggestedthatIstaybehindwiththechildrenandwaitforhelp,Iagreed.
Ididn’tagree.
(T)7Whentheanimalssmeltthewater,theyallran.
Exercise2
Choosethebestanswers
1.ThereasonwhymyfatherwantedtogotoCaliforniaisthat.答案：C
A.CaliforniawasindesertB.Californiawasfaraway
C.Californiawasawonderfullanddescribedinabook
D.CaliforniawasthelargeststateintheUSA
2.Peoplemovingtothewestwouldmeetin.答案：A
A.KansasB.CaliforniaC.SaltLakeValleyD.SaltLakeDesert
3.OnwhichdaydidtheauthorentertheSaltLakeDesert?答案：B
A.April12.B.November4.C.October15.D.December25.
4.Whydidthetravelerscalltheirninety-miledrivethroughtheSaltLakeDesertthe“LongDrive”?答案：D
ABecausethelandscapewasdryandbarren.
B.Becausewaterwassaltyandnotdrinkable.
C.Becausetheirwatersupplywassolow.
D.Alloftheabove.
5.Afterthetravelersburnttheirwagons,theyhadtogoontheirfeetwithanothermilestogo.B
A.2500B.500C.90D.45
6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“No,Iwon’tgiveup.Iknewthatgivingupmeantashallowgraveinthesand.”?A
A.Hewasdeterminedtogoonwiththejourney,forhewassuretodiethroughSaltLakeDesertunlesshestruggledagainstthehardship.
B.Hewassuretocontinuethejourney,forhewoulddiebecauseofthesand.
C.Heintendedtogoonwiththejourney,fordeathwouldwaitforhimunlesshepausedinthedesert.
D.Hewasgoingonwiththejourney,fornobodywouldescapefromthedesertifhegaveintothebadfate.
7.Theanimalsalmostranwhenthetravelersreachedtheedgeofthedesert,why?答案：C
A.Becausetheyweretiredandweak.
B.Becausetheyhadnoburden.
C.Becausetheymusthavesmeltthewater.
D.Becausetheywentbacktotheirhome.
8.Howlongdidtheauthorspendfinishingthejourney?答案：C
A.Morethan40months.B.About2months.
C.Aboutayear.D.Aboutayearandamonth.
9.Whichofthefollowingdescriptioncanindicatethatthewagonswerenotthemostsuitablemeansoftransport?C
A.Thecattlebecametiredandweak.Theanimalsdraggedtheirlegs,tooweaktopulltheirburden.
B.Astheanimalscouldnolongerpullthewagons,weburntthemandpackedtheoxenwithoursupplies.
C.Thejourneythroughthemountainsanddesertsinthecentralpartofthecontinentwasthemosttryingpart.sometimesthewagonshadtobeliftedandpulledupwhentherewerenoroads.
D.Formilesbothsidesoftheroadwerelinedwithdeadanimalsandstarvation.
10.Fromthetext,wecaninfer.答案：D
A.theauthorandthetravelershadtogoalldayandallnightlong
B.therewasnooxenleftwhenthetravelersreachedCalifornia
C.manytravelersdiedwhentheirdaysofhardshipcametoanend
D.it’salongwaytotravelfromtheauthor’shometowntoCalifornia
11.Thebesttitleofthetextis.答案：B
A.AJourneyToCaliforniaB.LongDrive
C.TheSaltLakeDesertD.EnjoyYourLife
12.whatcanwelearnfromtheendingofthestory“GoingWest”?D
A.Peopleshouldn’tsetfootonawildlandbecauseofhardship.
B.Travelersshouldtravellight
C.Travelersshouldarrangefortheirjourneybeforesettingofffortheirdestination.
D.Perseverancecangohandinhandwithsurvivalorsuccessintimeofdangerordifficulty.

课程标准要求掌握的项目
话题：Talkingaboutperseveranceandsuccess
词汇：quit,circumstance,assessment,survival,biscuit,alcohol,goat,flour,nail,razor,bedding,beyond,ox,frontier,salty,pond,burden,desperate,beast,accustomed,thirst,starvation,anxiety,shallow,tax,anniversary,granddaughter,flu,throat,catastrophe,relief,deliver,Arctic,tough,quilt,packet,ray,bark,sculpture,memorial,retell
功能：Expressingperseveranceandsuccess
Ibelieveinmyselfandknow...
Iammoreof...
Iknowexactly...
IstandforwhatIsay...
Iamhonestwithmyselfand...
IalwaysfinishwhatIhavestarted.
Iamneverdisappointedforverylong.
Icanquicklyadaptmyselfto...
Iamstrongandreadyforanychallenge.
Idon’tloseheartwhenIfailtodosomething.）
IbelieveinmyselfandknowIcanachievemygoals.
Icanquicklyadaptmyselftonewcircumstances.
Theyarestrongenoughtofaceanychallenge.

词组：
1.believein信任;信耐
2.standfor代表;代替
3.adaptto适应
4.loseheart灰心;泄气
5.becastaway(被)抛弃
6.giveup放弃
7.lessthan少于;不足
8.setofffor开始(旅程;赛跑);出发
9.moveon继续前进
10.taketheway出发;首途
11.loseone’sway迷路
12.hangout伸出
13.indesperateneedof在极度需要的(时候)
14.onourfeet=onfoot步行
15.beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯于
16.sufferfrom患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurryonto(with)赶紧办理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stoptodosth.停下来去做某事
19.startdoingsth.开始做某事
20.goonallfours用四肢
21.(at)theedgeofof(在)……边缘22.atstake在危险中;关系重大
23.riskone’slifeto冒险去做某事
24.apply…to…运用;应用
25.addup(两个或两个以上的数量或量)加起来
26.takeiteasy别紧张;放松点
27.keepup维持;保持;使某事处于高水平
28.commonsense常识;情理
29.leavebehind忘带;留下
30.livethroughsth.经历某事物而幸存
31.tieup系;拴;捆
32.gofor为……去;努力获取
33．bemoreofaleaderthanafollower
34．behonestwith
35．keepup
36．leavebehind
37．byday/bynight
38．passthrough
39．inanxietyof
40．reachthepromisedland
41.cometoanend结束;终止
42.araceagainsttime与时间赛跑
重点句型
1.ThisaccountofthewonderfullandbeyondtheRockyMountainsgavehimtheideatomovethere.
2.Thejourneythroughthemountainsanddesertinthecentralpartofthecontinentwasthemosttryingpart.
3.Welefttravelingwithagroupof45wagons.
4.April12,1846,waschosenasthedaywhenallshouldbereadytostart.
5.Waterthatwasshownonthemapprovedtobesaltyandnotdrinkable.
6.Sometimesthewagonshadtobeliftedanpulledupwheretherewerenoroads.
7.Passingthroughthedesert,wecameoutintotheSaltLakeValley,whichlookedbeautifultous.
8.IwassoweakandtiredthatIgotontomykneesandstartedmovingacrossthesandsonallfours.
9.Theanimalsdraggedtheirlegs,tooweaktopulltheirburden,…
10.Lyingaroundthemwerechains,guns,tools,bedding,clothingandmany…
11.Ifuntreated,itwouldproduceapowerfulpoisonthatwouldkillthepatient.
12.Nopains,nogains!Don’tstepawayfromchallenges,butgoforit.
13.Everyminutecounted.1
14.Therewaswidespreadreliefwhenitwasdiscoveredthatahospitalhadagoodsupplyof300,00units.
部分知识点讲解
quitvt.,vi.quitted或quit,quitting（1）停止；辞职
Ivequitmyjob.我已辞职。
Hehasnotquitsmoking,butisholdingdowntothreecigarettesaday.他没有戒烟,但已减到每天只抽三支烟（2）搬离（住处）Thelandlordgavethemallnoticetoquit.房东通知他们搬走
circumstancen.情形；情况thewholecircumstance全部情况
(pl)经济状况；物质环境easycircumstances经济状况优裕
(pl)环境Thecircumstancesforcedmetoaccept.环境迫使我不得不同意。
innocircumstances决不UndernocircumstancesshouldyoulendPaulanymoney
in/underthecircumstance在……情况下，既然如此Underthecircumstances,itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.
beyondprep.
在（到）…较远的一边Whatliesbeyondthemountains?山的那一边有什么？
晚于；超过Thisworkisbeyondmygrasp.这件工作非我力所能及。
Dontstaytherebeyondmidnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
为…所不能及；多于；超出Understandingthisarticleisbeyondmycapacity.我看不懂这篇文章。
Istherelifebeyondthegrave?(喻)在阴间还有生命吗?
adv.在（或到）较远处；再往前去；越过
Mencantraveltothemoonandbeyond.人们能到月球或更远处去旅行。
gofor
冲向；进攻；打击(=goat)Shewentforhimwithaknife.
抨击；责备Theywentforeachotherinthepapers.他们在报上互相指责。
追求togoforajob求职
想获得IthinkIwillgoforthefruitsalad.我想要水果色拉
喜欢；被吸引Shedoesntgoformenofthistype.她不喜欢他这种类型的男人。
对…适用；应用于Theyhaveahighlevelofunemployment—butthesamegoesformanyothercountries.他们的失业率很高——不过，其他许多国家也是如此
去带回某人，取回某物Shehasgoneforsomemilk.她买牛奶去了
努力争取某物Goforit,John!Youknowyoucanbeathim努力争取吧，约翰！你知道你可以打败他的

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