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九年级数学下册8.1中学生的视力情况调查教案(个4套苏科版)

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中学生的视力情况调查
教学目标1、体会随机抽样的必要性
2、能够使用简单随机抽样的方法确定抽取的样本
3、体会统计在生活中的应用,发展应用数学的能力
重难点重点:用简单随机抽样的方法来估计总体
难点:如何抽取样本
学习过程旁注与纠错
教学过程:
一、情境创设
为了了解中学生的视力情况,某市有关部门采用抽样调查的方法,从2万名中学生中抽查了600名学生的视力,用这600名学生的视力情况去估计该市所有中学生的视力情况。
二、探索活动
如何抽取这600名学生呢?由于中学各个年级的学生的视力情况有明显的差异,我们应该如何抽取样本呢?
一般地,从个体总数为N的总体中抽取容量为n的样本(n<N),且每一次抽取样本时总体中的各个个体被抽到的可能性相同,这种抽样方法叫做简单随机抽样。
抽签法简便易行,当总体的个数不多时,宜采用这种方法进行简单随机抽样;
当总体容量很大时,我们可以采用科学计算器(或计算机)产生随机数的方法进行简单随机抽样。
三、例题教学
例掌上电脑采用随机抽样的方法,调查、统计了该市中学各年级100名学生视力的情况如下:
人数年级

七年级八年级九年级高一年级高二年级高三年级
4.0000111
4.1001111
4.2002122
4.3001333
4.4036469
4.50655814
4.685781017
4.716514181716
4.841512151313
4.9486888
5.025282416148
5.130211515124
5.2965443
5.3432111
根据抽样调查获得的样本信息,可以估计出总体的情况。
(1)根据调查结果,可以估计该市各年级学生的视力不良率分别为______________________________________________________________;
(2)根据调查结果,画出该市中学生平均视力不良率变化的折线统计图;
(3)分析该市中学生视力不良率变化的情况。
四、练习:P76练习
五、小结
一般地,从N个元素的总体中不放回地抽取容量为n的样本,如果每一次抽取时总体中的每一个个体有相同的可能性被抽到,这种抽样方法称为简单随机抽样,这样抽取的样本称为简单随机样本。常用的简单随机抽样办法有:抽签法、随机数表法和计算器(或计算机)产生随机数法。
用样本的平均数、方差来估计总体的平均数和方差,用样本的频数分布估计总体的频数分布状态,体会用样本估计总体的思想。
六、作业:补充习题P34

教后记:

相关阅读

九年级数学下册7.2正弦、余弦教案学案(共5套苏科版)


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7.2正弦、余弦

备课组成员主备审核

教学目标1、理解并掌握正弦、余弦的含义,会在直角三角形中求出某个锐角的正弦和余弦值。

2、能用函数的观点理解正弦、余弦和正切。

重难点1、理解并掌握正弦、余弦的含义,会在直角三角形中求出某个锐角的正弦和余弦值。

2、在直角三角形中求出某个锐角的正弦和余弦值。

学习过程旁注与纠错

教学过程:

一、情景创设

1、问题1:如图,小明沿着某斜坡向上行

走了13m后,他的相对位置升高了5m,如果

他沿着该斜坡行走了20m,那么他的相对位

置升高了多少?行走了am呢?

2、问题2:在上述问题中,他在水平方向又分别前进了多远?

二、探索活动

1、思考:从上面的两个问题可以看出:当直角三角形的一个锐角的大小已确定时,它的对边与斜边的比值__________;它的邻边与斜边的比值___________。

(根据是______________________________。)

2、正弦的定义

如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,

我们把锐角∠A的对边a与斜边c的比

叫做∠A的______,记作________,即:sinA=________=________.

3、余弦的定义

如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,我们把锐角∠A的邻边b与

斜边c的比叫做∠A的______,记作=_________,即:cosA=______=_____。

(你能写出∠B的正弦、余弦的表达式吗?)试试看____________________.

4、牛刀小试

根据如图中条件,分别求出下列直角三角形中锐角的正弦、余弦值。

5、思考与探索

怎样计算任意一个锐角的正弦值和余弦值呢?

(1)如书P42图7—8,当小明沿着15°的斜坡行走了1个单位长度到P点时,他的位置在竖直方向升高了约0.26个单位长度,在水平方向前进了约0.97个单位长度。

根据正弦、余弦的定义,可以知道:sin15°=0.26,cos15°=0.97

(2)你能根据图形求出sin30°、cos30°吗?sin75°、cos75°呢?

sin30°=_____,cos30°=_____.sin75°=_____,cos75°=_____.

(3)利用计算器我们可以更快、更精确地求得各个锐角的正弦值和余弦值。

(4)观察与思考:

从sin15°,sin30°,sin75°的值,你们得到什么结论?

从cos15°,cos30°,cos75°的值,你们得到什么结论?

当锐角α越来越大时,它的正弦值是怎样变化的?余弦值又是怎样变化的?

6、锐角A的正弦、余弦和正切都是∠A的__________。

三、随堂练习

1、如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,

AC=12,BC=5,则sinA=_____,

cosA=_____,sinB=_____,cosB=_____。

2、在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AC=1,BC=,

则sinA=_____,cosB=_______,cosA=________,sinB=_______.

3、如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,

BC=9a,AC=12a,AB=15a,tanB=________,

cosB=______,sinB=_______

四、请你谈谈本节课有哪些收获?

五、作业书本P431、2

六、拓宽和提高

已知在△ABC中,a、b、c分别为∠A、∠B、∠C的对边,且a:b:c=5:12:13,试求最小角的三角函数值。

苏科版七年级数学下册8.1-8.2练习课导学案


高港区七年级数学导学案
课题8.1~8.2练习课
姓名班级
学习目标:能灵活计算同底数的幂相乘、幂的乘方、积的乘方。
一.你知道下列各式错在哪里吗?在横线上填上正确的答案.
(1)a3+a3=a6;_______(2)a3a2=a6;______
(3)(x4)4=x8;_________(4)(2a2)3=6a6;_________
(5)(3x2y3)2=9x4y5;_________(6)(-x2)3=x6;_________
(7)(-a6)(-a2)2=a8;____(8)(32a)2=92a2;_________
二.选择题
1.计算的结果是()
A.B.C.D.
2.若,,则等于()
A.5B.6C.8D.9
3.与的正确关系是()
A.相等B.当n为奇数时它们互为相反数,当n为偶数时相等
C.互为相反数D.当n为奇数时相等,当n为偶数时互为相反数
4.的结果是()
A.B.C.D.
5.若m、n、p是正整数,则等于().
A.B.C.D.
6.下列各式中错误的是()
A.B.
C.D.
7.计算的结果为()
A.B.C.D.
8.若,则m等于()
A.2B.4C.6D.8
9.已知是大于1的自然数,则等于()
A.B.C.D.
三.填空题
1.;;;
2.;;.
3.;.
4.;.
5.=;.
6.();.
7.已知,则用含y的代数式表示为.
8.已知,则.
9.已知:,
若(为正整数),则.
四.解答题
1.计算
(1)(1)x3xx2(2)(-x)3x(-x)2

2.先化简,再求值:,其中.

3.已知,求的值.

4.一个氧原子约重g,20000个氧原子共重多少克?

5.已知用含有的代数式表示.
6.已知请用“”把它们按从小到大的顺序连接起来,并说明理由.

7.已知10m=4,10m=5,求103m+2n的值.
8.已知4m=a,8n=b求:的值.

9.已知,求的值.

10.已知,求的值.

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4


join?
[误]Didyouattendthefootballclub??
[正]Didyoujointhefootballclub??
[析]join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如:Didyouattendthemeetingyesterday?而takepartin则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如:Itakepartinthefootballgame.
?
just?
[误]Ihavefinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[正]Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[析]justnow意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。?
[误]JustIwonthegame.?
[正]Ijustwonthegame.?
[析]just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于①be动词之后,如:Heisjustastudent.②名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后,如:Ihavejustreturnedhome.但just与其他词组成词组时,如justnow,justthen,则可用于句首和句尾。如:Justthenhesawthebuscoming.?
justjustly?
just常用于三种含意:①恰好,如:Itsjustfiveoclock.②仅仅,相当于only,如:Ihavejustenoughmoneytobuyadictionary.③不久前,如:Ijustmissedmyoldfriend;Heleftafewminutesago.而justly其意为"公正的",如:Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.?
K?
keep?
[误]Shewaskeepingsomethingtoherfather.?
[正]Shewaskeepingsomethingfromherfather.?
[析]"对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keepsomethingfromsomebody"句型。?
[误]Hekepttorepeatthewordagainandagain.?
[正]Hekeptrepeatingthewordagainandagain.?
[析]keepdoingsomething为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keepondoingsomething互换。它们的区别在于keepdoingsomething意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如:Whenthetrainstarted,shekeptwavingherhand.而keepondoingsomething则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如:Hekeptonmakingthesamemistakesingrammar.
[误]Wemustkeepupthetimes.?
[正]Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.?
[析]这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keepupwith是"赶上"之意,而keepup则是"坚持下去"的意思,如:Keepitup,dontstopnow!?
key?
[误]Ilostthekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Ilostthekeytothedoor.?
[析]英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key,entrance,answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为keytothedoor,"高速公路入口"为entrancetothehighway,"问题的答案"为theanswer(key)tothequestion.?
kind?
[误]Thiskindofbooksarenotgood.?
[正]Thiskindofbooksisnotgood.?
[析]kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Thosekindsofbooksareverygood.则是正确的。?
kindsorttype?
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如:Whattypeofthiscardoyouwant?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)?
knock?
[误]Someonewasknockingthedoor.?
[正]Someonewasknockingatthedoor.?
[析]knock虽可以作及物动词,如:Thecarknockedaholeinthefence.但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词:knockat(on)thedoor.?
know?
[误]Iwanttoknowtoplaythisgame.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtoplaythisgame.?
[析]要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:Iwanttoknowhowtodoit/whattodo/whentodoit/wheretogo.?
knowknowof?
Iknowhim.为"我很了解他。"而Iknowofhim.则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hearof这一词组。?
L
?
large?
[误]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakeinhishomework.?
[正]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakesinhishomework.?
[析]"alargenumberof+复数名词",意为大量的。?
last?
[误]Thisisthenewestnews.?
[正]Thisisthelatestnews.?
[析]"最新消息"应为latestnews,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。?
lastthelast?
[误]Isawmybrotherthelastweek.?
[正]Isawmybrotherlastweek.?
[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词,thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如:ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如:Iambusyforthelastweek.?
late?
[误]YesterdayIwenthomelately.?
[正]YesterdayIwenthomelate.?
[析]late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如:Ihaventseenherlately.?
latelatterlaterlately?
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲:Seeyoulater.(一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如:theformerpresident(前总统)。又如:Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughedatbyhisclassmates.中的at是不可省掉的。?laughover则指"笑着谈论"某事,如Welaughoverthefilm.(我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?
lay?
[误]Weliedonthebeach.?
[正]Welayonthebeach.?
[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:?
lay(?vt?.放)laidlaidlaying?
lie(?vi?.躺)laylaincying?
lie(?vi?.说谎)liedliedlying?
learn?
[误]Theteachersaid:"Youmuststudythispoembyheart."?
[正]Theteachersaid:"Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."?
[析]study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如:Imstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?
leave?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲IllleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?
leaveforget?
[误]Iveforgottenmyhomeworkathome.?
[正]Iveforgottenmyhomework.?
[正]Iveleftmyhomeworkathome.?
[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.?
lesson?
[误]IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.?
[正]IhavetwoEnglishlessons.?
[正]IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.?
[析]"我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"Ihavetwoclasses."?teachsomebodyalesson为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如:Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.?
lend?
[误]Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.?
[正]Pleaselendmeyourbike.?
[析]borrow是指"借入",如:Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是"借出",如:Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为"借多久":如HowlongcanIkeepit??
less?
[误]Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.?
[正]Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.?
[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。?
let?
[误]Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[正]Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[析]虽然let,have,make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误]Letsgotothepark,willyou??
[正]Letsgotothepark,shallwe??
[误]Letusgotothepark,shallwe??
[正]Letusgotothepark,willyou??
[析]Letsgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou??
life?
[误]ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.?
[正]ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.?
[析]life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?又如:Lifeisnotallfun.?
light?
[误]Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.?
[正]Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.?
[析]light有两个过去分词:lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词,如:Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词,如:Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词,如:Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如:Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.?
like?
[误]Mysisterisveryasme.?
[正]Mysisterisverylikeme.?
[析]as作为连词其后要接从句,如:Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词,其后接宾语。?
[误]Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight.?
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight.?
[析]like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如:ImsorryIdontliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如:Ilikeswimmingverymuch.?
likealike?
作为形容词,alike一般不作定语,而只作表语,如;Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[误]Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus??
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithus??
[析]在wouldyoulike…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点:①HelikesTom.为"他喜欢汤姆。"②HeislikeTom.为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。?
listen?
[误]Youshouldheartheteahcersadvice.?
[正]Youshouldlistentotheteachersadvice.?
[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。如:Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listentosomeonesadvice.?
little?
[误]Dontworry,thereislittletime.?
[正]Dontworry,thereisalittletime.?
[误]Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[正]Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"?
littlesmall?
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如:alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语,如:Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。?
live?
[误]Tomliveswithhisparentsmoney.?
[正]Tomlivesonhisparentsmoney.?
[误]Helivesonteaching.?
[正]Helivesbyteaching.?
[析]"靠吃某物为生"应用liveonsomething,而liveby是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?
livingalive?
living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如:Mygrandfatherisstilllivinginhiseighties.而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如:Isthatcataliveordead??
lonely?
[误]Shewantedtodoherhomeworklonely.?
[正]Shewantedtodoherhomeworkalone.?
[析]lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如:Helivesalonebuthedoesntfeellonely.
?
long?
[误]Ihavebeenstudyinglongfortheexam.?
[正]Ihavebeenstudyingforalongtimefortheexam.?
[析]long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so,too,as…as连用外,一般要用foralongtime.?
[误]Illcallyouaslongasthebookwillbereturned.?
[正]Illcallyouaslongasthebookisreturned.?
[析]as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Howlongdoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[正]Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[析]因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用howoften.
?
look?
lookforfind?
lookfor侧重于"寻找"这个动作,如:Whatareyoulookingfor?而find则侧重于结果,如:Itisverydifficulttofindajob.这里不能用lookfor,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?
其他用法还有:?
[例]Heoftenlooksbackonhishigh?schooldays.?
[析]lookbackonsomething为"回顾"、"回想"。?
[例]Iwishyouwouldntlookdownon(upon)thechildrenswork.?
[析]lookdownon(upon)为"看不起"某人或某事。?
[误]Imlookingforwardtoseeyou.?
[正]Imlookingforwardtoseeingyou.?
[析]lookforwardto词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。?
lot?
[误]Icanbuythisdictionarynow,becauseIhavegotmuchmoney.?
[正]IcanbuythisdictionarynowbecauseIhavegotalotofmoney.?
[析]muchmoney多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用alotof.?lotsof与alotof之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。?
[误]Heismorehappiernow.?
[正]Heisalothappiernow.?
[析]不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有verymuch,alot,lots,any,no,rather,alittle,abit等。?
loudloudly?
这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak,shout,laugh等动词连用,如:Dontspeaksoloud,youllwakethebaby.而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?
loudaloud?
loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:?-Whatdidyousay??-Oh,nothing,Iwasjustthinkaloud.(我只不过自言自语。)?
M?
make?
[误]Thelittleboywasmaderepeatthewholestory.?
[正]Thelittleboywasmadetorepeatthewholestory.?
[误]Thefathermadehissontodohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[正]Thefathermadehissondohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[析]make的句型为"makesomebodydo(doing)something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。?
[误]Ialwaysdothismistake.?
[正]Ialwaysmakethismistake.?
[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如:doafavour(帮个忙),doonesbest(竭尽全力),dogood(有益),doharm(有害),而多数情况下常用make,如:makeasuggestion,makeacake,makeabed(收拾床),makeanoise,makemoney等等。?
[误]Thiswinewasmadeofgrapes.?
[正]Thiswinewasmadefromgrapes.?
[析]当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用makefrom,否则用makeof,如:Thisdoorwasmadeofiron.?
[误]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupalackofintelligence.?
[正]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.?
[析]makeup是"创造"、"编织",而makeupfor是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"?
[误]Wemadeupourmindtostudyhard.?
[正]Wemadeupourmindstostudyhard.?
[析]mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意makeuponesmind是"下定决心"之意。?
[误]Ourclassismadeoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[正]Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[析]makeupof…是"某物由……组成或构成"。?
many?
[误]Ihavemanyfriends.?
[正]Ihavealotoffriends.?
[析]many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:?
-Howmuchmoneyhaveyougot??
-Ivegotplenty.?
[误]Youboughtmuchtootomatoes.?
[正]Youboughttoomanytomatoes.?
[析]toomany后接可数名词,toomuch后接不可数名词,而muchtoo后面接形容词,意为"太多"。?
[误]Formanyaweeksitrainedalot.?
[正]Formanyaweekitrainedalot.?
[析]manya意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词
。?
matter?
[误]Nomatterwhatyoudid.?
[正]Nomatterwhatyoudid,Itrustedyou.?
[析]Nomatter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。?
itdoesntmatter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如:It?doesnt?materwhatyousay.(你说什么都不要紧。)?
maybe?
[误]Maybeheisright.?
[正]Maybeheisright.?
[析]maybe是副词,不要错用为maybe.?
maybeperhaps?
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如:Maybe/Perhapstheweatherwillgetbetter.而?JuliusCaesar?isperhapsthegreatestofShakespearesearlyplays.?
mend?
[误]Iwanttohavemybikemended.?
[正]Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.?
[析]mend意为"缝补",如:Mymothermendedmycoat.而repair是"修理"。?
mind?
[误]Couldyoumindtoclosethedoor??
[正]Couldyoumindclosingthedoor??
[误]Trytomakeupyourmindstudyinghard.?
[正]Trytomakeupyourmindtostudyhard.?
[析]mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。?要注意DoyoumindifIsmoke?的答语:如果你不介意,应回答"No,goahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes,pleasedont."?
miss?
[误]Ifoundmybagmissed.?
[正]Ifoundmybagmissing.?
[析]missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如:Imissedthefirsttrain,Idontwanttomissseeingthefamousfootballplayer.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing,gone,lost等,如:Ifoundmybagmissing(gone,lost).?
mistake?
[误]Itookyourpenbywrong.?
[正]Itookyourpenbymistake.?
[析]bymistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而bymistake为"弄混了"。如:?
[误]IfImnotwrong,youareMrBrown.?
[正]IfImnotmistaken,youareMrBrown.(如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。)
[误]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeasmybrother.?
[正]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeformybrother.?
[析]mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如:Itookyourbookformine.?
more?
[误]Thisbookismorebetterthanthatone.?
[正]Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.?
[析]不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much,rather等来修饰比较级。?
[误]Moreyouread,moreyoulearn.?
[正]Themoreyouread,themoreyoulearn.?
[析]在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意morethanone这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如:Morethanonestudentisgoingtodoparttimejobafterschool.?
nomorethannotmorethan?
nomorethan应译为"只不过"、"才",如:Hewrotenomorethanthreebooks.即他真正写了三本书。而notmorethan则意为"不会多于",如:Hewrotenotmorethanthreebooks.即他写的书不会多于三本。又如:Heisnoshorterthanyou.应译为"你和他都不矮",而Heisnotshorterthanyou.才应译为"他比你高。"?
most?
[误]MostofstudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MoststudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[析]mostof这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。?
[误]Myfriendsaremostteachers.?
[正]Myfriendsaremostlyteachers.?
[析]mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。?
much?
[误]Theboywasasleepverymuch.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fastasleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting,exciting,surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired,interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。?
must?
[误]Hemustbeintheoffice,andmustntgohome.?
[正]Hemustbeintheoffice,andcantgohome.?
[析]must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用cant加动词原形。?
[误]Itmusthaverainednow.?
[正]Itmusthaverainedyesterday.?
[析]"must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如:Imustgoandcallhim.Hemusthaveforgottenit.?
musthaveto?
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如Imuststopsmoking.其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而haveto则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如:Ihavetogotoschooltomorrow.?must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用hadto,如:WhenIwasyoung,Ihadtogotothefactory.?在否定句中mustnt意为:一定不要做某事,如:YoumustnttellthistoTom.而haventto则多意为没有必要去做,如:YoudonthavetotellthistoTom.而英语中多用neednt来取代haventto.?
myself?
[误]Icantplayping?pongmyself.?
[正]Icantplayping?pongbymyself.?
[析]第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而bymyself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而Iwanttoplayping?pongmyself.应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"?
N?
name?
[误]Shewasnamedofaflower.?
[正]Shewasnamedafteraflower.?
[析]以……命名应为nameafter,又如给某人取名应为ThefathernamedhissonTom.?
near?
[误]Wecameneartohithim.?
[正]Wecameneartohittinghim.?
[析]这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"nearto这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如:Isitnearthedoor,Isitneartothefire.?
bynear?
Welivednearthecity.与Welivedbythecity.两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以bythecity是紧靠近某城市。?
need?
[误]Thisroomneedstoclean.?
[正]Thisroomneedstobecleaned.?
[正]Thisroomneedscleaning.?
[析]在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。?
[误]Weneednottodoit.?
[正]Weneedntdoit.?
[析]need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如:Weneedyourhelp.?
neither?
[误]Noneofmyparentsisateacher.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsisateacher.?
[析]对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither,none用于三人以上的情况。?
[误]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherhedoes.?
[正]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherdoeshe.?
[析]这时应用倒装句。?
[误]NeitheryounorIareright.?
[正]NeitheryounorIamright.?
[析]neither…nor…这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。?
[误]Neitherhestudiesnorplays.?
[正]Neitherdoeshestudynorplay.?
[析]neither,hardly,seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
?
never?
[误]NeverIhavebrokenmyword.?
[正]NeverhaveIbrokenmyword.?
[析]never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如:Ishallneverforgottheexpressiononherface.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.用于成语中,如:Betterlatethannever.(晚做比不做强。)nevermind没关系,如:"Whatdidyousay?""Oh,nevermind."?
news?
[误]Therearemanynewsabouttheaccident.?
[正]Thereismuchnewsabouttheaccident.?
[析]news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用apieceofnews.
newspaper?
[误]Ireadthenewsontodaysnewspaper.?
[正]Ireadthenewsintodaysnewspaper.?
[析]在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而onthenewspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如:MayIputthefloweronthisnewspaper??
night?
[误]Icamehomeverylateyesterdaynight.?
[正]Icamehomeverylatelastnight.?
[析]"昨晚"一般要讲lastnight,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterdaymorning等套用。?
nonone?
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如:Nonewsisgoodnews.但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用noneof,如Noneofthestudentswashere.?
nonot?
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如:Icanseeyoutomorrow,butnotSunday.如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry,thereisnotimetotalk.?
Noonenone?
noone与nobody一样不能接of结构,如:Noonewishedmegoodluck.而要用of结构时要用none,如:Noneofmyfriendswishedmegoodluck.?
nor?
[误]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,ordidIhearofit.?
[正]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,notdidIhearofit.?
[析]注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。?
not?
[误]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnotheteachers.?
[正]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnottheteachers.?
[析]要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not,而不用no.?
[误]Thereisnomylettertoday.?
[正]Thereisnoletterformetoday.?
[析]no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。?
[误]Henotonlywasawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[正]Hewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[析]在这一句型中notonly之后的词与butalso之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与butalso后面的主语保持一致,如:NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.?
nothing?
[误]Nothingbutbooksweresoldhere.?
[正]Nothingbutbookswassoldhere.?
[析]要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误]Ihavenothingtodobuttocry.?
[正]Ihavenothingtodobutcry.?
[析]在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。?
number?
[误]AnumberofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[正]AlotofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[析]anumberof后接可数名词复数。?
[误]Thenumberofstudentsaretenthousand.?
[正]Thenumberofstudentsistenthousand.?
[析]anumberof其意为"大量的",而thenumberof…是"某某的数量"。即thenumberofstudents意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。?
O?
oclock?
[误]Itstenpastfiveoclock.?
[正]Itstenpastfive.?
[析]oclock所表达的时间是正点,如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用oclock.?
once?
[误]Pleasecomeandseemeonce.?
[正]Pleasecomeandseemeoneday.?
[析]once用来谈论过去的事情,而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用oneday,sometime等。?
[误]ImethimonetimewhenIwasastudent.?
[正]ImethimoncewhenIwasastudent.?
[析]英语中一次应用once而不用onetime,二次要用twice而不用twotimes.?
one?
[误]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforhundredyears.?
[正]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforonehundredyears.?
[误]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuynewone.?
[正]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuyanewone.?
[误]Hisdogisbiggerthanmyone.?
[正]Hisdogisbiggerthanmine.?
[析]一般物主代词之后不用one,除非one前有修饰词,如myoldone,否则要用名词性物主代词。?
[误]Oneoftheteacherisintheoffice.?
[误]Oneoftheteachersareintheoffice.?
[正]Oneoftheteachersisintheoffice.?
[析]One是句子的主语,其谓语动词应用单数,而of后面的名词要用复数名词。?
[误]Onethirdofthebooksissenttothestudents.?
[正]Onethirdofthebooksaresenttothestudents.?
[析]几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Twothirdsoftheworkisdone.?
open?
[误]Arethebanksopenedtoday??
[正]Arethebanksopentoday??
[析]要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看:Arethebanksclosedtoday?这一句是正确的。?
or?
[误]Hedoesntdrinkandsmoke.?
[正]Hedoesntdrinkorsmoke.?
[析]否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.?
[误]Heneitherdrinksorsmokes.?
[正]Heneitherdrinksnorsmokes.?
other?
[误]Wherearetheothersstudents??
[正]Wherearetheotherstudents??
[正]Wherearetheothers??
[析]other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如:Asksomeothereople.而加定冠词后为特指。theother可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如:Nowletmeshowyoutheother.(宾语)Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisateacher.(主语)others只能作代词,而theothers则为特指,如:Therearefivebooks.Twoofthemarenotgood.Iliketheothers.?
out?
[误]Shewentouttheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[正]Shewentoutoftheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[析]outof是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。?
P?
paper?
[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwosheetsofletterpaper.?
[析]paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。?
[误]Eachstudentmustwritepaperonwhathelearned.?
[正]Eachstudentmustwriteapaperonwhathelearned.?
[析]这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。
parent?
[误]MyparentsandIarebothinterestedinfootball.
[正]MyparentsandIareallinterestedinfootball.?
[析]parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.?
pass?
[误]Theshippastedthechannel.?
[正]Theshippassedthechannel.?
[析]pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如:Myfatherhasbeenillforthepasttwoweeks.Allthestudentspassedtheexam.?
pay?
[误]Pleasehelpmedothisjob,andIwillpayforyoulater.?
[正]PleasehelpmedothisjobandIwillpayyoulater.?
[析]为某工作付给工人工资应为paysomebody,而payforsomething是为某物付款,如:Youcanbuyallthethingsyouwant.Illpayforthose.?
people?
[误]Therearefivehundredpeopleshere.?
[正]Therearefivehundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Thereisonlyonepeople.?
[正]Thereisonlyoneperson.?
[误]Peoplethereisfriendly.?
[正]Peopletherearefriendly.?
[析]people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用oneperson,而不能用people,讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词.如:people-aperson;police-policemanpolicewoman;youth-ayoungman/woman.?
picture?
[误]Therearesomespotsinthepicture.?
[正]Therearesomespotsonthepicture.?
[误]Thereisayoungwomanonthepicture.?
[正]Thereisayoungwomaninthepicture.?
[析]指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是onthepicture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而inthepicture用于讲画面的内容。?
pity?
[误]Whatpitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[正]Whatapitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[析]pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如:Ifeelpityforyou.它还可以用作动词,如:Hepitiedthepoorpeople.?
[误]Ihavepityforyou.?
[正]Ihavepityonyou.?
[析]可怜某人时应用have(take)pityonsomebody,这是个惯用法。?
place?
[误]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoanother.?
[正]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoplace(fromoneplacetoanother).?
[析]到处译为英文时为fromplacetoplace请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为doorbydoor,手拉手为handinhand.?
[误]Theaccidentwastakenplaceinthatstreet.?
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceinthatstreet.?
[析]takeplace为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。?
[误]Thereisnoplaceinthebus.?
[正]Thereisnoroominthebus.?
[析]room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。
[误]IcameheretotakeplaceofMrSmith.?
[正]IcameheretotaketheplaceofMrSmith.?
[析]taketheplaceof意为代替、取代某人某事。
?
play?
[误]Doyouwanttoplayguitar??
[正]Doyouwanttoplaytheguitar??
[误]Iliketoplaythebridge.?
[正]Iliketoplaybridge(桥牌).?
[析]play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。?
please?
[误]Myfriendpleasedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[正]Myfriendinvitedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[析]please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如:Shealwaysdoeswhatshepleases.(她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如:Itshardtopleaseall.而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如:Pleasecomein.?
[误]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedtothelittlegirl.?
[正]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedwiththelittlegirl.?
[析]对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用bepleasedwithsomebody.对某事感到高兴和满意时多用bepleasedat或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.?
pleasure?
[误]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasures.?
[正]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasure.?
[析]pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐讲时为不可数名词。?
[误]Itispleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[正]Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[析]pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为可数名词,如:Itisoneofmypleasures.?
police?
[误]Thepolicehasnotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[正]Thepolicehavenotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[析]police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察要用apoliceman,两个要用twopolicemen,或apolicewoman,twopolicewomen.?
prepare?
[误]Impreparingtheexam.?
[正]Impreparingfortheexam.?
[误]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparefordinner.
[正]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparedinner.?
[析]prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时其后面所跟的事物是正在准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如:Impreparingfortheexam.应
译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与searchfor.?
present?
[误]Dontworry.Icanpresentthemeeting.?
[正]Dontworry.Icanbepresentatthemeeting.?
[析]present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应用作动词。其动词意为送给;赠给;提出,如:Thereporterpresentedargumentsofhisidea.
?put
?
[误]Sheputoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.
[正]Shetookoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.?
[析]与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意义的介词,如:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),穿衣服是puton,但脱衣服却只能用takeoff,而putoff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如:Theyputofftheexambecausethenationalholiday.(因国家假日而推迟考期。)CouldyouputmeoffattheTownHall.(请在市政厅让我下车。)Pleaseputoffthewirelessbeforeyouleave.(走之前请关掉无线电。)?

?
radio
?
[误]Therearetworadioesintheclassroom.?
[正]Therearetworadiosintheclassroom.?
[误]Iheardtheweatherreportthroughtheradio.?
[正]Iheardtheweatherreportontheradio.?
[析]在收音机中听到某事应为hearsomethingontheradio,听收音机应为listentotheradio.这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watchTV,讲在电视上看见什么节目为watch…onTV,如:ImwatchingthefootballmatchonTV.但注意,作为一种通信手段时应为byradio,如:Policearetalkingtoeachotherbyradio.?rain?
[误]Thereisasmallrainfalling.?
[正]Thereisalightrainfalling.?
[误]Thereisabigrain.?
[正]Thereisaheavyrain.?
[析]大雨在英文中应为aheavyrain,raincatsanddogs为倾盆大雨,小雨为alightrain.千万不要讲abigrain或asmallrain.当作动词讲时,雨下得很大可译为:Itrainsverymuchnow/hardnow/heavilynow.?
reach
?
[误]Wereachedtothetownverylate.?
[正]Wereachedthetownverylate.?
[析]reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动词。但要注意reach的词组搭配,如reachfor,为伸手去拿,如:Thethiefreachedforthegun.reachout伸出手,如:Hereachedoutandtookaninterestingbook.?
ready?
[误]Youmustreadyatonce.?
[正]Youmustbereadyatonce.?
[析]ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。?
remember
?
[误]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[析]remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完,如:Idontremembermeetingyou.其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如:Doremembertoturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.?
rest?
[误]Therestofthestudentsisgirls.?
[正]Therestofthestudentsaregirls.?
[析]rest作剩余部分讲时,therestof…结构作主语时其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3of,80%of等。?
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone.?
return?
[误]Myfriendsreturnedbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
[正]Myfriendsreturnedtotheirsecondhometown.?
[析]return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以表述为:Myfriendswentbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rich?
[误]Thecountryisrichofoil.?
[正]Thecountryisrichinoil.?
[析]berichin为盛产……。?
[误]Therichisnotalwayshappy.?
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
[析]形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。?
[误]Allhisrichesisnogoodtohimifheissoill.
[正]Allhisrichesarenogoodtohimifheissoill.
[析]riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。?
river
[误]Welikeswimmingontheriver.?
[正]Welikeswimmingintheriver.?
[误]Welikeboatingintheriver.?
[正]Welikeboatingontheriver.?
[析]游泳用intheriver,而在湖中划船要用ontheriver.
room
[误]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakearoomforher.?
[正]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakeroomforher.?
[析]room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leaveroomfor…为给某人留点空地;makeroomfor…为让位给某人,如:Theyoungmanmaderoomforanoldwoman.
?
run
?
[误]Iranacrosswithanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[正]Iranacrossanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[析]runacross为偶然相遇。?
[误]Thetruckranacrossthecat.?
[正]Thetruckranoverthecat.?
[析]runover为从……上辗过。?
[误]YesterdayIrantoastormonmywayhome.?
[正]YesterdayIranintoastormonmywayhome.?
[析]runinto为撞上或撞在……上。?

?
safe
[误]Thebravemansafedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[正]Thebravemansavedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[析]safe是形容词,如:Theywishedhimasafejourney.safely是副词,如:Theyoungmandriveshiscarsafely.而safety是名词,如:safetyisland(安全岛),Safetyfirst!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
same?
[误]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesamethatyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[正]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesameasyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[析]thesamethat意为"即是",而thesameas才能译为"像……一样的。"?
[误]Yourbookisnotsameasmine.?
[正]Yourbookisnotthesameasmine.?
[析]thesameas中的定冠词不能少。
say?
[误]Hisreportwrotesheisnineteen.?
[正]Hisreportsayssheisnineteen.?
[析]中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?
sayspeaktalktell
?
英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Pleasetellmeastory.而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如:PleasespeakEnglish.请看下句:Hewentontalkingforalongtime,buthespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.?
sea?
[误]Asaboyhisgreatambition(抱负)wastogotothesea.?
[正]Asaboyhisgreatambitionwastogotosea.?
[析]gotosea为"去当水手、海员";而gotothesea=gototheseaside,如:Hewanttogototheseaforhisvacation.?
在"海中"游泳为inthesea;atsea为在"海上航行",如:Ihaveabrotheratsea.bysea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如:WetravelledtoNewYorkbysea.?
second?
[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondforeignlanguage.?
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.?
[析]当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用thesecond而要用asecond.thesecond强调排队的次序,asecond强调再增加一个。?
see?
[误]Hewasseenleavetheroom.?
[正]Hewasseentoleavetheroom.?
[析]see作主动态时用作toseesomebodydosomething,而用作被动态时则是somebodytobeseentodosomething.要注意惯用法letmesee(让我想想)。?
sheep?
[误]Therearefivesheepsonthegrass.?
[正]Therearefivesheeponthegrass.?
[析]sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有:deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。?
ship?
[误]Itravelledonayacht.?
[正]Itravelledonaship(inayacht).?
[析]虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in,而ship要用on.?
sick?
[误]Thelittleboywasaillboy.?
[正]Thelittleboywasasickboy.?
[析]sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如:Hefeelsill.或Hefeelssick.都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.?
since?
[误]HeislivinginGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehaslivedinGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehasbeenlivinginGreecesince1978.?
[析]
由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。?
[误]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecamebackfromAmerica.?
[正]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecomingbackfromAmerica.?
[析]分词短语可以用在after,before,since等介词后面。?
sleep?
[误]Theboywasveryasleep.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]熟睡在英文中为fastasleep.非正式英语中一般不常用Hessleeping.而常讲Hesasleep.其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如:Ishallgotobednow.Imsosleepy."卧铺"英国人讲sleepingcar,而美国人讲sleeper.?
slow?
[误]Slowthedooropened.?
[正]Slowlythedooropened.?
[析]slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如:Tellhimtodriveslower.Slow,dangerousbend.但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?
smile?
[误]Shesmiledtome.?
[正]Shesmiledatme.?
[析]"冲着某人笑"应为tosmileatsomebody.?
so?
[误]Itissuchbeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[析]关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况:①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。②用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttogoforawalk.Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在只有形容词时只能用so,如:ItissogoodthatIlikeitverymuch.④在many,much,few,little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuythedictionary.?
[误]Hegotupearlysoashecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
some
?
[误]Doyouhavesomelessonetoprepare??
[正]Doyouhaveanylessonstoprepare??
[析]在疑问句或否定句中要用any;some多用在肯定句中,如:Ihavesomemoneytobuyit.?
在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如:Couldyoulendmesomemoney?即真心想要借到钱。?
sometime?
[误]IhavesometimethoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
[正]IhavesometimesthoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
sometimesometimessometimessometime?
sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如:Wellmeetagainsometimenextyear.或过去的"某一时刻",如:IsawhersometimeinJuly.sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如:Everymanisafoolsometimes,andnoneatalltimes.Sometimes为"若干次",如:IvisitedAmericasometimes.Maybefiveorseventimes.Iamnotsure.Sometime则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如:Iwanttoleavesometime.?
soon?
[误]Theroomassoonasbecamecrowded.?
[正]Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.?
[析]soon为"不久"、"很快",如:Illbethereverysoon.而assoonas意为"一……就……",如:AssoonasIfinishedmyhomeworkIwentouttoplayfootball.?
sound?
[误]Thereportsoundswell.?
[正]Thereportsoundsgood.?
[析]sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如:Howsweetthemusicsounds!?
sport?
[误]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprot??
[正]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprots??
[析]sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如:Basketballisanindoorsport.而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?

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