经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容，帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗？为满足您的需求，小编特地编辑了“高考英语虚拟语气考点透视与练习”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

高考英语虚拟语气考点透视与练习

虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。

常考点清单虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设

If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）

主语+should/would/

Could/might+动词原形

IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.IfIwereyou,Ishouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroad.与过去事实相反的假设

If+主语+had+过去分词

主语+should/would/

Could/might+have+过去分词

Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.与将来事实相反的假设

(1)If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）(2)If+主语+wereto+动词原形(3)If+主语+should+动词原形

主语+should/would/Could/might+动词原形

Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifheshouldnotcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.考点一、条件句中虚拟语气的用法注意:

①从句省略if,用倒装句式"were,had,should+主语”

WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.

Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.

②用介词短语代替条件状语从句。

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.

③有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.

考例

1.____hehadnothurthisleg;Johnwouldhavewontherace.(07全国)

AIfBSinceCthoughDWhen

答案:A

2.Butforyourhelp,we______theworksosoon.（01上海）

Awon’tfinishBcan’tfinish

Cwouldn’tfinishDcouldn’thavefinished

答案:D

考点二、wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法

wish其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式：

①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(be动词常用were)。例如：

IwishIwereasstrongasyou．

IwishIrememberedhisaddress．

②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如：

Wewishwehadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation．我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。

Hewishedhehadstayedathome。

③情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如：

Iwishhewouldtryagain．

Wewishhecouldcome．

考例

—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight?
—Sorry,butIdowishI____.
A.hadB.canC.willD.could

答案：D

考点三、advise等引导的宾语从句

表示愿望、请求、建议等意义的动词，当它们作为谓语引导宾语从句时，从句谓语必须为“should+动词原形”的形式。这类动词有：ask,advise,command,demand,desire,decide,intend,order,prefer,request,require,recommend,suggest等。
Heorderedthattheletter(should)bemailedatonce.

考例
Hissuggestionthatyou____oncemoresoundsreasonable.
A.tryB.triedC.musttryD.cantry

答案：A

解析：分析句子意思可以知道，名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句，从句中应使用"should+动词原形"。其中should可以省略。

巩固练习

1.Youarelate.Ifyou___afewminutesearlier,you___him.

A.came；wouldmeetB.hadcome；wouldhavemet

C.come；willmeetD.hadcome；wouldmet

2.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.

A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone

3.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.

A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed

4.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.

A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring

5.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe

6.Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.

A.arrived；wouldcatchB.arrived；wouldhavecaught

C.hadarrived；hadcaughtD.hadarrived；wouldhavecaught

7.IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave

8.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.

A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome

9.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_____rightaway.

A.wouldbearrestedB.mustbearrestedC.bearrestedD.hadtobearrested

10.Janesuncleinsisted____inthishotelanylonger.

A.notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot

11.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.

A.wouldcometoB.wouldcomeatC.wouldhavecometowardD.willcometo

12.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

13.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.

A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry

14.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.

A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten

15.Themaninsistedthathe_____there.

A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sentD.besent

16.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

17.Ifit___tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?

A.rainsB.weretorainC.wouldrainD.rain

18.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.

A.willarriveB.arriveC.arrivedD.wouldarrive

19.Jameswisheshe___thefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.

A.sawB.seeC.hadbeenseenD.hadseen

20.Iwish___.

A.heleftB.heleavesmealoneC.hebeleftD.hewouldleavemealone

21.IfIhadknownthat,I___so.

A.wouldn’tdoB.wouldn’thavedoneC.won’tdoD.havenotdone

22.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe___.

A.willnotsmokeB.notsmokeC.wouldnotsmokeD.didnotsmoke

23.IfI___you,Iwouldn’treturnthecall.

A.beB.amC.wasD.were

24.IfI___you,I___worry.

A.were；wouldn’tB.was；wouldn’tC.been；wouldhaveD.be；would

25.We___delightedifthereport___true.

A.were；wereB.shallbe；wereC.shouldbe；wereD.were；wouldbe

26.Ifhe___here,he___you.

A.hadbeen；wouldhavehelpedC.wouldhavebeen；shouldhavehelped

B.were；hadhelpedD.wouldhavebeen；wouldhadhelped

27.IfI___sobusy,I___thelecturethatday.

A.werenotbe；shouldattendB.shouldnot；shouldhaveattend

C.wasnot；wouldattendD.hadnotbeen；wouldhaveattended

28.IfI___thewaytoNewYork,I___.

A.knew;woulddriveB.knew;willdrive

C.knew;wouldhavedriveD.hadknown;woulddrive

29.ButfortheleadershipofourParty,we___.

A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed

C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded

30.You___thetrainifyou___alittleearlier.

A.couldtake;startedB.couldhavetaken;hadstarted

C.couldtake;hadstartedD.couldhavetaken;started

答案:1-5BDCDC

6-10DBCCC

11-15BDBBD

16-20CBBDB

21-25BBDAC

25-30ADABB

延伸阅读

高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解

语法讲解：虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类
l.语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类
（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis！多好的天气啊！
（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：Openthedoor，please.请打开门。
（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：IfIwereyou，IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed！祝您成功！
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow，wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：
从句主句
与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形
注：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：Ifmybrotherwerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
2.表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldnt（couldnt）havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：IfitwereSundaytomorrow，Ishould（would，could，might）gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
4.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）
5.虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式
（l）省略连词if.在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如：Shouldhecome（Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。WereIyou（IfIwereyou），Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。
（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如：Withoutair（Iftherewerenotair），therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。Butforyourhelp（Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp）Icouldnthavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.（IfIhadntbeenbusythatday，Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.）我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。（如果我那天不忙的话，我就……）；Iwouldhavefinishedthework，butIhavebeenill.（IfIhadntbeenill，Iwouldhavefinishedthework.）我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
6.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
（1）省去条件从句。如：Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto"（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）。如：Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme！如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！（事实是：祖母已不在世。）；Ifonlyshehadnotleft！如果她没走就好了！（事实是：她已经走了。）
l.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在“Itisimportant（strange，natural，necessary）that……”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”“奇怪”“自然”“必要”等意义。如：Itisimportantthateverymember（should）informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that.1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。如：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道）；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had十过去分词”。如：Iwish（wished）Ihadntspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不该花那么多钱。（实际上已经花掉）；3）表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。如：Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。
（2）在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如：Idemandthathe（should）answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
（1）在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如：Evenifhehadbeenill，hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他也去办公室。
（2）由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had十过去分词”。如：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
（3）在inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“could或might（有时也用should）+动词原形”。如：Mr.greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould（might）hearclearly.格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在“Itistime（that）……”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。如：Its（high）timewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了。
5.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
（1）情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉。
（2）在一些习惯表达中。如：Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你。
（3）用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：Mayyoubehappy！祝你快乐！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。

高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉。
②must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”，mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不，可以不”。
③needn’t表示“没有必要”
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力
⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况
2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”;按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱，译为“也许”。
②否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法
4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
虚拟语气
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
②省略if的虚拟结构
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

I.情态动词
1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may
①表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以，但在问句中用could…?
或might…?以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确(must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以说：Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要说：theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可，must则表示必须做某事。
2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性：
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t，语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“请求、提议”(用在疑问句中)的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀?
4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”(用在疑问句中)的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢?
5.构成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分，越……越好，非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情，我们越早开始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住，不由得，不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时，我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
亲密的朋友去世时，你会不由得感到悲伤。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人称意义
Shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见
第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中应……，须……，得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意：may用于征求对方的许可，而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示：
MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺)
Heshallbepunished.(威胁)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。
should意义
①（表义务、责任的）应该
②（表预期的）应该会，想必会，一定……会把
③（表惊讶、遗憾的）竟然、居然
④（与疑问词连用，表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的）究竟是，到底
⑤（用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中，且should可以省略）应该，必须
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意：oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①请求、建议，would比will委婉客气
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估计或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。
②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式：dare和dared两个词形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情态动词+havedone的用法
①could+havedone：本可以做而实际上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone：表示对过去行为的否定推测
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主语+havedone：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightMAY)p
⑤must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意：本结构还可以表“推测”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
11.其它情态动词
①haveto
haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意：在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意：would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，但是不涉及到现在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式为hadbetternot
II.虚拟语气
(一)一般虚拟结构
类别用法例句
If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）
主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词
主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虚拟结构
1.不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(从句与过去事实相反，and后面的主句与现在事实相反)
2.虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虚拟结构
1.省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点,事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。

11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名词
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares　C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden，sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should

1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA

Unit8虚拟语气

虚拟语气

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法现在事实相反的假设
(1)若表示与，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might+动词原形）；
(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
IwouldcertainlygoifI___________(have)time．（现在）
Ifitshouldrain，wewouldntgoout.（将来）
（3）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might+have+过去分词）。如：
IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier，I____________________caughtthetrain．
Shewould/mighthavecomeifshe__________beensobusy．
IfIhadnt___________(take)youradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake．
（4）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：
___________theytime（=Iftheyhadtime），theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus．
____________itbefine（=Ifitshouldbefine），wewouldgoforanouting．
___________Iyou（=IfIwereyou），Iwouldgo．
（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：
Ifit__________rainedlastnight（过去），Itwouldbeverycoldtoday（现在）．
IfI_____takenyouradvice（过去）,Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：
Isuggestthatwe（should）setoffatonce．
Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed．
IwishI____________asstrongasyou．
Iwouldratherthatyou____________toldhim．（没有告诉他）
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural；Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed；itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce．
ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi（___________）giveusaspeech．
Itisdesiredthatwe（should）geteverythingreadybytonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Oursuggestionisthatyou（should）bethefirsttogo．
Myadviceisthatwe（____________）sendforDoctorLi．
Doyouknowtheorderthatyou（should）keepwatch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在asif引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；
在sothat，inorderthat引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：
Theytalkedasifthey__________________friendsforyears．
Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother．
Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain．
6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：
在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’stimeIwasgoing.
It’stimesomebody___________(teach)youtobehaveyourself.
7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
Iwishthathe__________solazy.
IwishI____________wastedsomuchtime.
Iwishshewouldchangehermind.
8.hadhoped/planned/thought/wanted/intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.
IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaid
shelikedtostayinChina.
9.wouldrather.
would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’dratheryou__________theletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
Iwouldpreferhedidn’tstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10.It’s(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It’stimethatsomething____________________(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了
11.　虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：
1)unless(除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。
Hewouldntdoitunlessyouorderedhimto.
假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？
Providingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?
12.sothat(以便)，forfearthat(以免,唯恐)，inorderthat(以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，incase(假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit.
我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。
IllgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome.
他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate．
13.ifonly
如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；
如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；
如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
ifonlyI______you!
Ifonlyyou_________comeyesterday!
IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!
IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit!
onlyif表示"只有"；ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.　当时闹钟响了，就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly.　但愿他早点回来。

虚拟语气精练60题
1.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.
A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since
2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I____youtogothereyesterday.
A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed
3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.
A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring
4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.
AshouldhavecatchB.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch
5.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_____you.
A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack
6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
7.HowIwishI____toreapairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.
A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry
8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport___immediatelyaftertheexperimentwasdone.
A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten
9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew
10.Ifhe___totheteacherattentively,he___theanswertotheproblemnow.
A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow
C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow
11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI___thatyouwerewaitingforme.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown
12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,___soearly.
A.hasbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry
13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.
A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven
14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI___yourbirthdayparty.
A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___friendsforyears.
A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
16.Itisimportantthatyou___acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately.
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave
17.Itishightimewe___upourresults.
A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum
18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild___.
A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD.couldnothavedied
19.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_______everything.
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown
20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I___himattheairport.
A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet
21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe___mehow.
A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach
22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI___yourphonenumberthen.
A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave
23.Ifit___anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee
24.Hesuggestedthatthey___useatrickinsteadoffighting.
A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had
25.“Whydidn’tyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI___enoughmoney.”
A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad
26.Irecommendedthatthestudent___hiscompositionassoonaspossible.
A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting
27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,ifthey’donlyletusknowearlier,___atthestation.
A.we’dmeetthemB.we’llmeetthemC.we’dhavemetthemD.we’vemetthem
28.Wemighthavefailedifyou___usahelpinghand.
A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive
29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone___hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have
30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn___nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.
A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes
31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall___atpresentathisofficerightaway.
A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe
32.---Helencouldn’tgottoFranceafterall.
----That’stoobad,I’msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif___.
A.she’sgoneB.she’llgoC.she’dgoneD.she’dgo
33Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI___anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.
A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo
34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.
A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed
C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded
35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherthattheirwives______inthehome.
A.workedB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking
.36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_______toseehisclassmatesoff.
A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming
37.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
38Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant______alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.
A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave
39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_______..
A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved
C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved
40.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.
A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen
42._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall
44.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim，buthedidn’tbelieveit.
A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak
45.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworldhistory.
A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread
46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_______nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.
A.didn’tknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown
47.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
A.wentB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo
48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe________toyourplan.
A.didn’tagreeB.hadn’tagreedC.wouldn’tagreeD.notagree
50..Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________freeimmediately.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
51.Ifyou________toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?
AareBwillbegoingChadDwere
52.Ifthewholeoperation____________beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.
AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplannedDwerenotplanned
53.IfI__________harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.
AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking
54.IwishI____________longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept
55.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_________youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.
AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldrealise
56.IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___________now.
Awouldn’tbesmilingBcouldn’thavesmiledCwon’tsmileDdidn’tsmile
57.__________formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.
ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen
58.Wereshetoleaverightnow,she___________thereonSunday.
AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot
59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver________thatthey
wearseatbelts.
Ahasn’tbeeninsistingBhadn’tinsistedCwouldn’tinsistDwasn’tinsisting
60.ifonlyI_________morecarefulthatday!
AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen

高考英语难点37讲--难点22虚拟语气

一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动，帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“高考英语难点37讲--难点22虚拟语气”欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！

高考英语难点37讲--难点22虚拟语气
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或是与事实相反的假设。
●难点磁场
1.()Jane’sfacesuggestedthatshe________ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe________amedicalexamination.
A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has
2.()Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe________inturn,you________sotired.
A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget
C.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
3.()HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.(2002上海春季)
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
●案例探究
1.IwishI________youyesterday.
A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee
命题意图：此题旨在考查wish后加宾语从句表示可实现的愿望。此题属四星级题。
知识依托：wish+宾语从句表示不可实现的愿望，译为“……就好了，但愿……”
错解分析：A、B、D项都不是跟过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构。
解题方法与技巧：掌握wish后宾语从句的三种谓语动词结构。
答案：C
2.Isuggestedthatthemeeting________tilltomorrowmorning.
A.shouldputoffB.beputoffC.isputoffD.willputoff
命题意图：此题旨在考查suggest（建议）后加宾语从句，从句谓语动词的用法。此题属四星级题。
知识依托：suggest/arrange/demand/insist/order/require等动词后的宾语从句中谓语用（should)+动词原形。另外像advise/idea/order/demand/suggestion等词的表语从句和同位语从句，谓语动词也用（should)+动词原形。
错解分析：A项应用shouldbeputoff(会议被延期）。
C、D项都不符合虚拟语气结构。
答案:B
3.Whenapencilisputinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
命题意图：此题考查虚拟语气用于以asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句。此题属四星级题目。
知识依托：如果从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would(might,could)+动词原形。”
LiMingspeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.(与现在事实相反）
Itlooksasifitmightrain.(与将来事实相反）
ItseemsasifTomhadtravelledalotinChinabefore.(与过去事实相反）
错解分析：本句意思是：当把铅笔放在一杯水里的时候，它看起来就跟断了似的。（其实没断）与现在事实相反。故选C项。
解题方法与技巧：看whenapencilisputin…中谓语时态。
答案:C
●锦囊妙计
做好虚拟语气，除了掌握基本的结构外，还要注意句子所表达的意义与现在过去，还是将来事实相反，看清时间状语，另外还要注意在其他结构中虚拟语气的运用。
1.在主语从句中谓语动词的虚拟语气结构为：“should+动词原形”表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜等。
例：Itisadvisable/important/natural/necessarythatsb.(should)do
2.在Itistime/hightimethatsb.shoulddosth.
或Itistimethatsb.didsth
3.wouldrathersb.+过去时，指现在或将来。
例：I’dratherFatherwereherenow.
I’drathertheycameheretomorrow.
4.Butfor…without短语译为“要不是……”，句子谓语也常用虚拟。
●歼灭难点训练
1.()Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient________upsmoking.
A.wouldgiveB.giveC.givesD.gave
2.()________someinformation,shecouldhaveansweredthequestions.
A.ShehadbeengivenB.Ifshewasgiven
C.HadifshebeengivenD.Hadshebeengiven
3.()Withoutelectricityhumanlife________quitedifficulttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
4.()Everythingwillgoonasusualasif________happened.
A.nothinghadB.anythinghadn’tC.nothingwasD.anythingwasnot
5.()IfonlyI________theiradvice.
A.followB.willfollowC.havefollowedD.hadfollowed
6.()Ifyou________atschool,you________acollegestudentnow.
A.hadstudiedhard;wouldhavebeen
B.shouldhavestudiedhard;shouldhavebeen
C.hadstudiedhard;wouldbe
C.wouldstudyhard;musthavebeen
7.()—Heisaverybraveman.
—Yes,IwishI________hiscourage.
A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave
8.()Itwasorderedthatnoparking________allowedinfrontofthebuilding.
A.isB.beC.wasD.wouldbe
9.()Don’tcometoday.I’dratheryou________tomorrow.
A.willcomeB.comeC.comesD.came

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