初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案
一.非谓语动词种类及句法功能
(一)概述:
在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(theInfinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(thePresentParticiple);过去分词(thePastParticiple)。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能
1)逻辑主语
为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。
①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词of和for来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我们使用of;其它的使用for。请看例句:
Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。
Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。
Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我们很荣幸参加这个大会。
Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。
②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的。在句首时一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:
Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.
玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。
XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.
小李的迟到让老师很恼火。
Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.
我们唯一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。
Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.
他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。
③分词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如:
Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.从太空看起来,地球像个兰色的球体。
这个悬垂结构seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…
Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子们说说笑笑回家去了。
同上述结构一样,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…
独立主格结构与悬垂结构不同的是独立结构有自己的主语。这个主语有名词或代词通格来表示,放于分词之前,与分词形成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.
这么多同志都缺席了,所以会议只得延期。
Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我们都回家了,只有他留在后面。
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。
Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下课了,老师把学生打发走了。
Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。
Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.岁着树的不断长高,树阴也越来越浓密了。
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.
把一切考虑在内,这个计划看起来可行。
Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他们挑灯夜战。
2)宾语
第一类是有些动词之后面只能使用动名词做宾语。这些动词有:admit(承认),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:
Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考虑换个工作。
第二类是既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语的动词:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具体使用情形请看下述详细解释:
①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用两种结构,无有区别。如:
Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?
Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜欢别人奉承她。
②need,want,require,deserve等动词表示“需要,值得”时,有两种结构可以用:一是使用动名词的主动式表被动;二是使用不定式的被动式。两者没有意义上的区别。如:
Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花该浇水了。
Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的头发该理了。
Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.
他的工作应该受到表扬。
③remember,forget,regret等后面使用动词不定式表示未发生的动作;而使用动名词时表示已经发生的动作。如:
Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.
我很遗憾地通知你我们无法安排你的就业。
Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遗憾当时未能帮你。
Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.别忘了上班的路上把信寄走。
Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上给我的信发走。
④try后跟动名词表示“试一试”;和动词不定式连用表示“努力,试图”。
ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.这位外国客人试着用毛笔写字。
Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他试图骗这老头的钱。
⑤mean,intend后跟动名词表示“意味着”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:
Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算读完这本书。
Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.
他在会上说的意思是他要出国。
⑥prefer后使用动名词还是不定式有这么两种情况:当我们谈论一般情况时和当我们说在两种活动之间更喜欢哪一种的时候,一般使用动名词;另一种是和不定式连用,一般用来引导另一个短语。如:
Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.
你喜欢游泳吗?---当然。但是我更喜欢驾驶帆船。
CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.
你顺便坐我的车走好么?----不用了,谢谢!我喜欢步行。
Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜欢读点书,不喜欢逛街。
Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里过周末,倒不如在家更好些。
⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在没有人做宾语的情况下接动名词;如果有人做宾语时则用不定式。如:
Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.对不起,教室不准抽烟。
Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我们不许人们在这里抽烟。
Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.
我不建议开车去,因为没有停车的地方。
Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我劝你不要开车去。
第三类是带to的短语。而实际上这个to是介词,如果不加区分,一律把它看作是动词不定式的小品词的话,很容易判断失误。这一类的短语主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.
我在盼望着尽快收到她的来信。
Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他强烈反对乘飞机。
3)动词不定式和分词用做宾语补足语
动词不定式和分词都可以用做宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的动作和状态。其区别在于不定式表示一个完整的动作,而分词则表示一个完整动作的过程。如:
Isawehergetonthetractoranddriveitaway.我看见她上了拖拉机把它开走了。
Ismelledsomethingburninginthekitchen.我闻到厨房什么东西有股糊味。
一般而言,能这样用的动词分为两类:第一类动词既可后接不定式又可接现在分词和过去分词:接不定式时表示一个完整的动作;接现在分词时表示宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个完整动作的一个过程;而接过去分词时,宾语则成为动作的承受者。这类动词有:see,hear,make,let,have,watch,feel,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento。如:
IheardsomebodysinganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示一个完整的动作)
IhearsomebodysinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示完整动作的一个片段)
IheardanEnglishsongbeingsunginthenextroom.(表示完整动作的一个片段)
IheardanEnglishsongsunginthenextroom.(表示一个完整的动作)
第二类动词一般表示“致使”,要用分词做补足语:have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。
Thesightoftheinvitingmeloninsuchahotsummerdaysetmewatering.
在这么炎热的夏天看到那些诱人的西瓜着实令我口水直流。
Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.我绝不会再做那事了。
Hisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.
他的一番话禁不住让我疑惑他的真实意图。
Thesmokestartedhercoughing.烟呛得她直咳嗽。
4)动词不定式和分词用作状语
根据对非谓语动词词性的分析,大家知道,动词不定式和分词同时还具有副词的词性特征,因此能在句子中充当状语。
与分词不同的是,动词不定式在句中做状语时,主要表示目的、结果、原因;而分词做状语主要表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、伴随等。
一般判别二者之间的区别使用是根据不同的标志词来确定的,或者说用marker来确定它们。例如,动词不定式表示目的的有inorderto,soasto。表示结果的有:so…asto,such…asto,enoughto,too…to等。请看例句:
Heshoutedsoastobenoticed.(目的)
Shestartedearlyinordertoavoidtherushingcrowds.(目的)
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbike?(结果)
Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisidlechatcaninfluenceothers.(结果)
Theboyisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.(结果)
Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletter.(结果)
Shewepttohearthenews.(原因)
Irejoicedtohearthatmysonhadbeenadmittedintothefamousuniversity.(原因)
分词的表现形式是通过悬垂结构的句意来判断的,但是要请注意,悬垂结构中的逻辑主语一定是后面主句中的主语,检验的办法就是用主句的主语很分词结构还原成一个状语从句。如:
①时间
Lookingupsuddenly,Robertsawarainbowinthesky.
Floatingonwater,ashipdisplacesanamountofwaterequaltoitsownwweight.
Hearingthenewsthathersonwasrescued,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.
②原因
Notknowinghowtopronouncetheword“plough”,theFrenchmanlookedupitinadictionary.
Consideringtheimportanceoftheexperiment,theycheckedtheresultagainandagain.
Livinginaremotevillage,werarelyhavevisitorscoming.
③条件
Thissamething,happeninginthepeacetime,wouldbeagreatdisaster.
Unlessmeetingwithunexpecteddifficultiesattheofficetoday,Ishallbehomeearlytonight.
④让步
Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,wehavenoreasontobeconceited.
Walkingandsleeping,hehastheplaninhismind.
ThechemicalcompositionofwaterisH2O,whetherbeingsolid,liquidorvapor.
⑤结果
Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam,thuscausingtheirdelay.
Weintroducedalotofadvanceddevices,thussavingmuchtimeandlabor.
⑥目的
Thepeopleareworkinghard,strivingtorealizeourcountry’smodernization.
Weheldameeting,markingtheanniversaryofhisdeath.
⑦方式(也称做伴随)
Theustoodbytheroadside,watchingtheparade.
Shestoodmotionlesslyvacantly,lookingatthesea.
Theysattogether,studyingcarefullythedesignofthenewproject.
5)省略不定式小品词to的情形
在不定式中,小品词to有时可以省略。主要在以下几种情形中:
①在由make,let,see,feel,watch,have,hear,help,notice,observe,listento,lookat等动词引出的作宾语补语的情况时。
②在介词but,except,besides后(动词谓语必须是do,否则还需要小品词to)。如;
Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswimandplayfootball?
Beforebreakfastwehavenoclassbut(except)toreadEnglishaloud.
Whentheenemysurroundedthehouse,theyhadnochoicebuttoburnalltheimportantdocuments.
③在hadbetter,hadbest,hadasgood(宁可),wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,mightaswell,ratherthan后。如:
HehadasgoodstudyEnglishinsteadofGerman.他宁可学英语也不愿意学德语。
Theywouldrathertryandfailthangiveitup.他们宁愿试了失败也不愿意轻易放弃。
Let’sfinishtheworknowratherthanleaveitofftilltomorrow.
我们最好今晚把这活干完也别推到明天。
Heresignedratherthantakepartinsuchadiahonesttransaction.
他宁愿辞职也不愿干这桩肮脏的交易。
Iwouldratherdiestandingthanlivekneeling.我宁愿站着死不愿跪着生。
④在下列固定词组中。
We’llhavetomakedowithdrybread.我们用干面包凑合吧。
Hemadebelievehewasinnocent.他假装无辜。
Don’tletslipsuchagoodopportunitytolearn.不要丢失这样一个好机会。
Heletgo(of)therope.我松了绳子。
Ihearsaythatthere’llbeanearthquakesoon.我听说不久要有地震。
Don’tlettherebeanynoise.不要再制造噪音了。
二、非谓语动词考查点
1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断
对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:
1.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.
A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceled
C.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled
D。
独立主格结构做状语表示原因。
2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题点。如:
1.Idon’tmind____thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.
A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmaking
C.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake
B。
这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲,逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词,其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。
3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择
从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。
4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择:做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:______fromtheouterspace,ourearthlookslikeawater-coveredball.
A.HavingseenB.SeeingC.Seen D.Havingbeenseen
C。
根据分词结构的逻辑主语分析,选项A、B、D都不能和主句中的主语构成逻辑的主谓一致的关系。惟有选项C是正确答案。
从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:
(1)状语类别的判断:不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。
(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系:根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
(3)非谓语动词的否定形式:not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。
(4)独立成分:有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成分只记忆即可。如:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,totellthetruth...,等。
5)做补足语的非谓语动词的选择
做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:
Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman________anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.
A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed
A。
have之后的宾语如果是补足语的发出者时,则应使用动词原形。
6)做表语的非谓语动词的选择
表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:
Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_____bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.
A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecorded
C.unrecordingD.tohavebeenunrecorded
A。
分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如go,feel,seem,look,remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。
7)to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择
to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,英语各类考试中对此用法的考查也比较多。如:
Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.
A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold
D。
这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项todosomething和todoingsomething,这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中。
8)分词前连词的使用
分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况:
(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式
Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.
A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded
D。
when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是B,从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,所以答案是D。
(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词
Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientdonottakedrugs___directed.
A.likeB.soC.whichD.as
D。
由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是as。
9)非谓语动词的体
非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。
动名词的体也有havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有tobedoing和tohavedone,主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appear,besaidto等结构中。如:
I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.
A.togetworseB.tobegettingworse
C.tohavegotworseD.gettingworse
D。
从allthetime的使用可以推断getworse是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。
10)动名词复合结构
动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语,在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来,形成动名词的复合结构:
_____inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.
A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.Thegirleducated
C.Thegirl’sbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated
D。
本题涉及题眼比较多,A,为从句做主语,但缺少that,D为不定式做主语,但缺少for(forthegirltobeeducated),B结构不能做主语,答案是C,为动名词的复合结构。
一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
(一)概述:
在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(theInfinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(thePresentParticiple);过去分词(thePastParticiple)。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能
1)逻辑主语
为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。
①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词of和for来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我们使用of;其它的使用for。请看例句:
Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。
Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。
Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我们很荣幸参加这个大会。
Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。
②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的。在句首时一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:
Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.
玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。
XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.
小李的迟到让老师很恼火。
Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.
我们唯一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。
Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.
他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。
③分词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如:
Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.从太空看起来,地球像个兰色的球体。
这个悬垂结构seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…
Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子们说说笑笑回家去了。
同上述结构一样,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…
独立主格结构与悬垂结构不同的是独立结构有自己的主语。这个主语有名词或代词通格来表示,放于分词之前,与分词形成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.
这么多同志都缺席了,所以会议只得延期。
Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我们都回家了,只有他留在后面。
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。
Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下课了,老师把学生打发走了。
Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。
Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.岁着树的不断长高,树阴也越来越浓密了。
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.
把一切考虑在内,这个计划看起来可行。
Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他们挑灯夜战。
2)宾语
第一类是有些动词之后面只能使用动名词做宾语。这些动词有:admit(承认),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:
Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考虑换个工作。
第二类是既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语的动词:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具体使用情形请看下述详细解释:
①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用两种结构,无有区别。如:
Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?
Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜欢别人奉承她。
②need,want,require,deserve等动词表示“需要,值得”时,有两种结构可以用:一是使用动名词的主动式表被动;二是使用不定式的被动式。两者没有意义上的区别。如:
Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花该浇水了。
Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的头发该理了。
Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.
他的工作应该受到表扬。
③remember,forget,regret等后面使用动词不定式表示未发生的动作;而使用动名词时表示已经发生的动作。如:
Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.
我很遗憾地通知你我们无法安排你的就业。
Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遗憾当时未能帮你。
Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.别忘了上班的路上把信寄走。
Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上给我的信发走。
④try后跟动名词表示“试一试”;和动词不定式连用表示“努力,试图”。
ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.这位外国客人试着用毛笔写字。
Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他试图骗这老头的钱。
⑤mean,intend后跟动名词表示“意味着”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:
Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算读完这本书。
Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.
他在会上说的意思是他要出国。
⑥prefer后使用动名词还是不定式有这么两种情况:当我们谈论一般情况时和当我们说在两种活动之间更喜欢哪一种的时候,一般使用动名词;另一种是和不定式连用,一般用来引导另一个短语。如:
Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.
你喜欢游泳吗?---当然。但是我更喜欢驾驶帆船。
CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.
你顺便坐我的车走好么?----不用了,谢谢!我喜欢步行。
Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜欢读点书,不喜欢逛街。
Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里过周末,倒不如在家更好些。
⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在没有人做宾语的情况下接动名词;如果有人做宾语时则用不定式。如:
Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.对不起,教室不准抽烟。
Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我们不许人们在这里抽烟。
Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.
我不建议开车去,因为没有停车的地方。
Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我劝你不要开车去。
第三类是带to的短语。而实际上这个to是介词,如果不加区分,一律把它看作是动词不定式的小品词的话,很容易判断失误。这一类的短语主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:
Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.
我在盼望着尽快收到她的来信。
Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他强烈反对乘飞机。
每个老师上课需要准备的东西是教案课件,大家在认真写教案课件了。只有写好教案课件计划,未来工作才会更有干劲!你们会写一段优秀的教案课件吗?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“中考英语中考非谓语动词专题知识点复习”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!
中考英语非谓语动词专练
1.Thestudentsarekeptbusytheirlessons.
A.toreviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.onreviewing
2.IconsidertoseethefilmnextSunday.
A.togoB.goC.tobegoingD.going
3.Iwouldn’tadvisetherebybus,becauseitistoocrowded.
A.goB.togoC.togoingD.going
4.Iadvisedatonce.
A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart
5.Wedon’tallowinthisroom.
A.smokingB.tosmoke
C.peoplesmokingD.peopletosmoking
6.Youshouldn’tallowgamesneartheclassroomforit’stoonoisy.
A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying
7.Theyarebusyfortheexam.
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.topreparing
8.WeshouldkeeponEnglisheveryday.
A.topractisetospeakB.topractisespeaking
C.practisingtospeakD.practisingspeaking
9.I’msorrytohavekeptyou.
A.waitB.towaitC.waitedD.waiting
10.It’sdangeroustoletthechildrenwhoaregoswimmingintheriver.
A.soyoungtoB.notoldenoughtoC.soyoungD.tooyoungto
11.Thepriceoffoodkeptinthosedays.
A.goingB.gettingC.risingD.turning
12.Thetravelersstoodonthehillsideandlookedatthesun.
A.risenB.raiseC.risingD.raising
13.ThemotherwasaskedTVeveryevening.
A.nottoletherchildrenwatchB.nottoletherchildrentowatch
C.notletherchildrenwatchD.notletherchildrenwatching
14.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.
A.exposedB.toexposeC.tobeexposedD.exposing
15.Helikes,buthedoesn’tliketodaybecauseitistoocold.
A.toswim;toswimB.swimming;swimming
C.toswim;swimmingD.swimming;toswim
16.Hesattoherthestairs.
A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimb
C.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing
17.HewouldsitaloneandlistentoMaythepiano.
A.toplayB.playingC.playedD.toplaying
18.Thegirlwasmadeshedidn’tloveatall.
A.marryamanB.tomarryaman
C.tomarrywithamanD.marriedwithaman
19.Don’tmakehimitifhedoesn’twantto.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.thathedo
20.Thisexperiencemadehimthestudyofscience.
A.interestinB.tointerestinC.interestinginD.interestedin
21.Heraisedhisvoicesoastomakehimself.
A.hearB.hearingC.beheardD.heard
22.HemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.
A.understand;breakingB.understand;broken
C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken
23.It’stimetolistentothenews.Wouldyoumindtheradio?
A.metoopenB.mytoopenC.myopeningD.myturningon
24.Idon’tmindtotheparty.
A.beingnotinvitedB.notinvitingC.notbeinginvitedD.nottobeinvited
25.Theboydidn’tmindaloneathome.
A.toleaveB.leavingC.tobeleftD.beingleft
26.“Doyoumind?”“Goahead.”
A.turningonthefanB.ifIturnonthefan
C.toturnonthefanD.Iturnonthefan
27.Wedidn’tmissthefootballmatchlastnight.
A.watchingB.towatchC.watchD.watched
28.I’msorry,butImustsayyourEnglishneeds.
A.improvingB.tobeimprovingC.improveD.animprovement
29.Shemustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfistoher.
A.seeB.haveseenC.seeingD.havingseen
30.“Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.”
“Fine,whatneeds?”
A.IdoB.doneC.tobedoneD.todo
31.InEnglandasearlyasthecentury,youngpeopleenjoyedfootball.
A.twelfth…playingB.twelveth…playing
C.twelfth…toplayD.twelveth…toplay
32.Nooneenjoysfunofinpubic.
A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake
33.Noneofthecriminals(罪犯)escaped.
A.bepunishedB.beingpunishedC.tobepunishedD.punished
34.Onamorningthelittlematchgirlwasfoundatthecornerofthestreet.
A.freezing;freezingB.freezing;frozenC.frozen;frozenD.frozen;freezing
35.Theyfoundaoldwomanonthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokenopen.
A.dying;lyingB.dead;liedC.death;layingD.died;lain
36.Wewentinandfoundtheroom.
A.poorlyfurnishedB.poorfurniture
C.wellfurnishingD.tobefurnishedbadly
37.Ifoundhimonhisbacklookingupward.
A.lieB.lyingC.layingD.laid
38.Theoldmanwasfoundonthefloor.
A.lyingdeadB.lyingdeathC.layingdeadD.layingdeath
39.Thechildrenwerefoundinthecave.
A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappingD.betrapped
40.Excusemeformydelayyourletter.
A.ofansweringB.inansweringC.toansweringD.toanswer
41.Whenhereturned,hiswifefoundhishairblack.
A.haddyedB.hasbeendyedC.bedyedD.dyed
42.Haveyoufinishedthenoticeontheblackboard?
A.writtenB.wroteC.writingD.towrite
43.Ifeellikealongwalk.Wouldyoulikewithme?
A.taking;goingB.taking;togoC.totake;togoD.totake;going
44.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill.
A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating
45.Theteacherforbadeourseats.
A.ustoleaveB.usleavingC.toleaveD.toleaving
46.Don’tforgettheletterformeonyourwayhome.
A.postB.topostC.postingD.posted
47.HaveyouforgottenarulerfromBetty?Pleaserememberittohertomorrow.
A.borrowing;toreturnB.borrowing;returning
C.toborrow;toreturnD.toborrow;returning
48.Iforgetthemintheschoolgarden.
A.allowing;playingB.allow;toplayC.allowing;toplayD.toallow;playing
49.Iknewhedidn’tlistentome,butIwentontogethimintheproposal.
A.hoping;interestingB.tohope;interesting
C.hoping;interestD.hoping;interested
50.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwentonme.
A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp
51.Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.
A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout
52.Don’tgetintherain.
A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught
53.Ihaven’tgotachair.Willyoumakeroomforme?
A.tositB.tositinC.forsittingD.sitting
54.Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom?
Lastweek?
A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted
55.Wecan’tgetthecar.Weneedsomeoneus.
A.togo;tohelpB.going;tohelpC.going;helpingD.gone;helping
56.Whensheheardthenews,shecouldn’thelp.
A.jumpwithjoyB.tojumpwithjoy
C.jumpingwithjoyD.havingjumpedwithjoy
57.Icouldn’thelpbythebeautyoftheWestLake.
A.strickingB.beingstruckC.burstingD.beingburst
58.I’mafraidyoursuggestioncan’thelptheserviceoftheirshop.
A.improvingB.inimprovingC.improveD.forimproving
59.Thematterhadbetterasitis.
A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleft
60.—Whendoyouthinkwe’llleavetomorrow?
—You’dbetterreadyatseveno’clock.
A.tobeB.beC.beingD.been
61.Youhadbetteryourshoes.
A.tohave;mendedB.have;mendedC.have;mendingD.have;mend
62.You’dbetterwhenyoucomein.
A.nottowakeupmeB.nottowakemeupC.notwakeupmeD.notwakemeup
63.IstudiedEnglishinprisonfromateach-yourselfbook,butIhaveneverheard.
A.spokenofitspeakingB.awordofitspoken
C.awordofitspeakingD.thespeakingofaword
64.Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?
Yes,Ioftenhavethem.
A.wash;towashB.towash;washedC.washed;washD.wash;washed
65.Maryhadherfriendthebestone.
A.chooseB.chosenC.choseD.tochoose
66.Iwantedtohavehimthejob,butshehaditinstead.
A.do;doneB.does;dongC.todo;doingD.todo;done
67.Itwassocoldthatthetravelershadthefireallthenight.
A.burningB.toburnC.burnD.burnt
68.Yourhairisratherlong,youshouldhavealittle.
A.themcutB.itcuttingC.ittobecutD.itcut
69.Inthosedaysmyfamilydidn’thaveenoughroom..
A.toliveB.livinginC.toliveinD.living
70.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot.
A.worryaboutB.toworryingaboutC.tobeworriedD.toworryabout
71.Theyinsistedonathoroughrestbeforegoingbacktowork.
A.himtotakeB.hetookC.histakingD.histaken
72.Whocouldhaveimaginedsuchasweet-temperedgirlasAlicesuchathing?
A.doingB.todoC.willdoD.does
73.Canyouimagineasanurse?
A.heworkB.hetoworkC.himworkingD.heworking
74.Youcanhardlyimagineachildsocruelly.
A.totreatB.tobetreatedC.beingtreatedD.treating
75.It’snouseoverspiltmilk.
A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.becrying
76.Itisnogoodothers’shortcomings.
A.tojokeaboutB.tojokewithC.jokingwithD.jokingabout
77.Itisconsiderednogoodwithoutunderstanding.
A.reciteB.toberecitedC.recitedD.reciting
78.Thereiswhattheweatherwillbelike.
A.notknowingB.noknowingC.notknowD.noknown
79.Iwasdeepinthought,Ididn’tnotice.
A.himtocomeinB.himcomeinC.hecomeinD.hehasgotin
80.Theydidnotobserveherinandgoupstairs.
A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.coming
81.Iobjectto.
A.makefunofB.makingfunof
C.bemadefunofD.beingmadefunof
82.Haveyouanyobjectiontothereonfoot?
A.begoingB.goingC.goD.went
83.Wedonotpermitintheoffice.
A.tosmokeB.smokingC.tobesmokingD.tosmoking
84.Willyoupermitme?
A.toexplainB.toexplainingC.explainingD.ofexplaining
85.Attentionmustbepaidtothejewelleryshop.
A.prevent;fromrobbedB.preventing;frombeingrobbed
C.prevent;frombeingrobbedD.preventing;beingrobbing
86.Iprefertowatchfootball.
A.toplayB.toplayingC.ratherthanplayD.thantoplay
87.Evenonholidays,hepreferredto.
A.working;donothingB.working;doingnothing
C.towork;donothingD.towork;doingnothing
88.“Howaboutadrink?”“I’drathersomethingtoeat.”
A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having
89.ExcuseyoubutIhaveanimportantmessageforyou.
A.metointerruptB.myinterrupt
C.myinterruptingD.meofinterrupting
90.Weregretthatthefilmwasnotworth.
A.tosay;toseeB.tosay;seeingC.saying;toseeD.saying;toseeing
91.Heregretstowatchthevolleyballmatch.
A.notbeingableB.can’tgoC.nottobeabletoD.can’tgoing
92.Idon’tregretevenifImighthavehurtherfeelings.
A.tellingwhatIthoughtB.tellingherwhatIthought
C.totellherwhatIthoughtD.totellherwhatIthought
93.Pleaseremembertheletterformewhenyougo.
A.posting;toshopB.posting;shoppingC.topost;toshopD.topost;shopping
94.DoesMrSmithremembertoChinawhenhewasachild?
A.beingtakenB.tobetakenC.takingD.totake
95.Theletterisnotonthedesk.Irememberitforyou.
A.havingpostedB.topostC.tobepostedD.posted
96.Weshoulddoaswearerequired.
A.doingB.doC.todoD.to
97.Hewasnotusedtobyair,sohefeltunwell.
A.travelB.travelledC.havetraveledD.travelling
98.Sheislookingforwardyouagain.
A.tomeetingB.tomeetC.meetingD.tobemet
99.HeusedontherightinChina,buthesoongotusedontheleftinEngland.
A.todrive;todriveB.todrive;driving
C.todriving;todriveD.todrive;todriving
100.Janedevotedherlifethesick.
A.tocaringforB.tocareforC.tocaringD.caringfor
101.Themotherwantedhersonwithoutdelay.
A.tooperateB.tobeoperatedon
C.tooperateonD.beingoperatedon
102.Ifyouwantaletter,youmustkeepinmindseveralruleswhile.
A.written;writtenB.wellwritten;writing
C.wellwriting;writingD.wellwritten;written
103.Shewantsreadherstory.
A.thatIB.meC.beingD.meto
104.Idon’twantthatsortofthing.
A.keephappenB.keephappening
C.tokeephappenD.tokeephappening
105.Mywatchwants.Itdoesn’ttherighttime.
A.torepair;tellB.beingrepaired;sayC.repairing;speakD.repairing;tell
106.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilkover?
A.boilingB.boiledC.fromboilingD.beingboiled
107.Thebookisworth.
A.very;tobereadB.good;readingC.much;toreadD.well;reading
108.MrJohnrequireseachofhisstudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.
A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.written
109.Thesechickensrequirecarefully.
A.tolookafterB.lookingafter
C.lookedafterD.beinglookedafter
110.Thewholeplacerequires.
A.tobecleanedB.tobecleaningC.beingcleanedD.toclean
111.Therulerequiredthatallofusattheofficebytwoo’clock.
A.arrivedB.shouldarriveC.wouldarriveD.arriving
112.Soontheysawtheboyinthecrowd.
A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.bedisappeared
113.I’mpleasedtoseetheproblemsoquickly.
A.settledB.havingbeensettled
C.besettledD.settle
114.Isawhimbehindthetreethinking.
A.satB.seatedC.seatingD.seat
115.Hewasseenintothebedroom.
A.stealB.bestealingC.hadstolenD.stealing
116.Shewasseentheroom.
A.enterB.toenteringC.toenterD.beentering
117.Wesetaboutandsucceededourtaskintime.
A.towork;tofinishB.working;finishing
C.towork;finishingD.working;infinishing
118.Sheseemedatthenews.
A.surprisingB.surpriseC.surprisedD.tosurprise
119.Youlooklight-hearted.Nothingseemstoyou.
A.tohappenB.tohavebeenhappened
C.tohavehappenedD.tobehappened
120.Ispenthoursyourcomposition.
A.tolookthoughB.lookthroughC.lookingthroughD.lookedthrough
121.Muchtimeisspent.
A.writingB.towriteC.towritingD.tobewriting
122.Weadvisethemtostopsuchadangerousplan.
A.tothinkofcarryingonB.tothinkofcarryingout
C.thinkingofcarryingoffD.thinkingofcarryingout
123.Theystoppedwhentheymetinthestreet.
A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.talked
124.Ihopeyou’llsucceedthisplan.
A.fulfillB.tofulfillC.fulfillingD.infulfilling
125.Thedaywehadlookedforwardtoatlast.
A.comingB.comeC.cameD.comes
126.Hesuggestedthemeetingtoanend
A.bringB.tobringC.bringingD.onbringing
127.Itrieditwasnogoodintothehabitofsmoking.
A.makinghimunderstand;togetB.makinghimtounderstand;toget
C.tomakehimunderstand;gettingD.tomakehimtounderstand;getting
128.Hecouldn’topenthefrontdoor,sohetriedthebackdoor.
A.pushB.topushC.pushedD.pushing
129.Thisinstrumentisusedmachines.
A.checkingB.tocheckingC.tocheckD.tobechecked
130.Itisknowntousallthatbamboocanbeusedtovariousthings.
A.makingB.makeC.bemadeD.beingmade
131.Ajobworthisworthwell.
A.do;doingB.doing;todoC.doing;doneD.doing;doing
132.It’sworthmuchisworth.
A.todowhat;todoB.doingthat;doingC.todowhat;doingD.doing;todo
133.Excusemeforlate.
A.havecomeB.comeC.comingD.tocome
134.Hedarenotgohomeforfearof.
A.punishingB.punishedC.beingpunishedD.tobepunished
135.ThomasEdisondevotedhislifetothesecretsofnature.
A.bringoutB.bringingoutC.keepingD.carryout
136.Wearelookingforwardthemuseum.
A.tovisitB.visitingC.tovisitingD.tobeabletovisit
137.Ihaddifficultintheplan.
A.carryingoutB.droppinginC.smoothingawayD.makinginto
138.Someplasticscanbemadeintoanyformwithout.
A.havingheatedB.beingheated
C.heatingD.havingbeenheating
139.ThewalletwasreturnedtoMrHopkinswithoutanything.
A.missingB.tobemissedC.missedD.tomiss
140.YoushoulddoyourhomeworkthiseveninginsteadofTV.
A.watchB.youwatchC.youwatchingD.watching
141.Thegirlmadethedoctorangrybyhisadvice.
A.notfollowingB.nottofollowC.takingD.takingout
142.Onlybytoomuchmoneycanwelivethroughthesemonths.
A.wastingB.nowastingC.notwastingD.wasted
143.Marywasnotafraidof.
A.laughingB.laughingatC.beinglaughedD.beinglaughedat
144.Ican’tthinkofaloneanylonger.
A.youlivingB.youliveC.youtoliveD.youareliving
145.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveup,butherefusedso.
A.tosmoke;doingB.smoking;todoC.tosmoke;todoD.smoking;doing
146.Sheisfarfromwiththeresultoftheexam.
A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.beingsatisfiedD.satisfying
147.Theteacherrefuseditalbymyself.
A.letmedoB.letmetodoC.toletmetodoD.toletmedo
148.Hepretendednothingaboutit.
A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.knew
149.Theteacheraskedthestudents.
A.keepquietB.tokeepquiet
C.don’tmakeanoiseD.nevermakeanymistakes
150.Hetoldthechildrenmakesomuchnoise.
A.don’tB.don’ttoC.tonotD.notto
151.“WilltheSmithsgoabroadthissummer?”
“No,theyfinallydecided.”
A.toB.notgoingC.nottoD.nottobegoing
152.Hedidn’tknoworstay.
A.toleaveB.ifthatheshouldleave
C.iftoleaveD.whethertoleave
153.Doyouknowtherepairs?
A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomaking
154.Themanwillusewhathehasacameraforhiswife.
A.togetB.gotC.buyD.bought
155.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan.
A.aquickfinishB.tofinishquicklyC.finishingquicklyD.youfinishquick
156.Wearetheexperimentintwomonthsatthemost.
A.tofinishB.finishC.finishingD.tofinishing
157.“AmIitupstairs?”
“Pleasedon’t,justleaveithere.”
A.carryB.carryingC.tocarryD.carried
158.Whatisthen?
A.tobedoingB.todoC.tobedoneD.doing
159.Wehavebeenlookingfortheboyallthemorningbutheisnowhere.
A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.tobeseen
160.Seethedarkclouds?Itislikelysoon.
A.torainB.rainedC.rainingD.wouldrain
161.I’mhungry.Wouldyougetmesomething?
A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.eaten
162.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecturenextweek?
A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven
163.ThewayEnglishispractisingitasoftenaspossible.
A.leaning;speakingB.tolearn;tospeak
C.tolearn;speakingD.learning;tospeak
164.Heisaman.
A.todependB.dependingon
C.tobedependedD.tobedependedon
165.Thenewbuildingattheendofhisyearbelongstotheuniversity.
A.becompletedB.tobecompletedC.beingcompletedD.tocomplete
166.I’mverysorryforwhathashappened;thebadresultoughttoouttothoseattheverybeginning.
A.havebeenpointed;concernedB.havepointed;concerned
C.point;concernedD.bepointed;concerning
167.Helenisalwaysthefirsttotheoffice.
A.comesB.comingC.tocomeD.whocame
168.Heisamanhard.
A.dealwithB.dealtwithC.todealwithD.dealingwith
169.Ifeltitanhonourtospeakhere.
A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked
170.aforeignlanguage,onemusthavealotofpractice.
A.FormasteringB.MasteringC.TomasterD.Soastomaster
171.Tosucceedinpassingtheexam,.
A.oneneedstobediligentB.diligenceisneeded
C.oneneedsbeadiligentpersonD.diligenceiswhatoneneeds
172.Hemadealongspeechhisignorance(无知)ofthesubject.
A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.enoughtoshow
173.MrBrownissaidanewnovel.
A.towritingB.tohavebeenwritten
C.tobewrittenD.tohavewritten
174.Theoldmanissaidasailorwhenhewasyoung.
A.tohavebeenB.thathewasC.tobeD.ofbeing
175.withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,histailtotherain.
A.Trembling;exposingB.Trembled;exposed
C.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposed
176.Itwassoapoemthatquiteafewchildrenweretotears.
A.moved;movedB.moving;movingC.moving;movedD.moved;moving
177.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmustpractiseiteveryday.
A.speaking;speakingB.spoken;speaking
C.spoken;aspeakD.speaking;sospeak
178.Doyouknowthegirlatthebackoftheclassroom?
A.seatedB.seatingC.sitD.sat
179.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,MrZhou.
A.includingB.beingincludedC.toincludeD.included
180.Thetwofarmerswhatappearedtobesmallgunsforcedtheenemyofficertohandinhismap.
A.carriedB.werecarryingC.carryingD.hadcarried
181.Thestory-bookwasborrowedfromthelibrary.
A.whichitisonthedeskB.whichonthedesk
C.isonthedeskD.lyingonthedesk
182.Amanisoftenafraidof.
A.dying;deadB.dead;deathC.dead;dyingD.dying;death
183.Thewheatfieldsareirrigatedbywaterfromapondthroughbamboopipes.
A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.bringing
184.Sixninemakesfifteen.
A.addedtoB.addstoC.addeduptoD.addedby
185.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttodrinkmorewater.
A.boilingB.boiledC.coldD.beingboiled
186.Thelecturerwillbeheretomorrow.
A.totalkaboutsomuchB.tobetalkingaboutsomuch
C.somuchtalkingaboutD.somuchtalkedabout
187.Thelanguageforspeakingonthetelephoneissimilartothatofordinaryconversation.
A.isusedB.isusingC.usedD.using
188.“Look,”Marysaid,“thebuildingisourlibrary.”
A.isrepairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepairing
189.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.
A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed
190.Therearealotofpeasantsinthericefields.
A.whoworksB.whoworkedC.workD.working
191.Hewassittingthere,indeepthought.
A.loseB.lostC.lossD.losing
192.thebookstore,hehestoppedafewbooks.
A.Passing;buyingB.Passing;tobuy
C.Topass;buyingD.Havingpassed;tobuy
193.verysmall,computersarewidelyused.
A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being
194.manytime,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HehadbeentoldD.Havingtold
195.hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.
A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard
196.Walkingdownthestreettheotherday,.
A.IsawunusualsomethinghappenedB.aterribleaccidenthappened
C.somethingunusualwasseenbymeD.Isawaterribleaccident
197.inthefog,wewereforcedtospendtwohoursinthewoods.
A.ToloseB.LosingC.LostD.Havinglost
198.inwhite,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.
A.WearingB.DressingC.DressedD.Havingdressed
199.fromthehill,thelittlevillagelooksallthemorebeautiful.
A.ToseeB.BeingseenC.SeeingD.Seen
200.,theoldmanislivingahappylife.
A.TakinggoodcareB.Takengoodcare
C.HavingtakengoodcareD.Takengoodcareof
201.theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.
A.SincethekeyhaslostB.Thekeybeenlost
C.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey
202.wheretogo,heaskedapolicemantheway.
A.HavinglosthiswayandnotknowingB.Losinghiswayanddidn’tknow
C.LosthiswayandnotknowingD.Losthiswayanddidn’tknow
203.fromhersonforalongtime,shedecidedtowritetohim.
A.NothavingheardB.Havingnotheard
C.NothearingD.Hearingnot
204.totheparty,Joanwasgreatlyhurt.
A.HavingnotbeenininvitedB.Nothavingbeeninvited
C.HavingnotinvitedD.Nothavinginvited
205.Thenovelissaidintomanylanguage.
A.tobetranslatedB.beingtranslated
C.tohavebeentranslatedD.havingbeentranslates
206.totheleftandyou’llseethepostoffice.
A.ToturnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn
207.theairporttheywavedagainandagaintome.
A.WhenleavingB.WhenleaveC.WhentoleaveD.Whenleft
208.Whenintoawarmroom,theicesoonchangedtowater.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.taken
209.Lookroundwhenthestreet.
A.crossB.crossingC.crossedD.tocross
210.When,icechangesintowater.
A.toheatB.heatingC.heatedD.theyareheated
211.madehermotherveryangry.
A.Helen’smarriedJackB.HelenhasmarriedJack
C.HelenmarryingJackD.Helen’smarryingJack
212.Thesituationismorethanever.I’maboutwhattodonest.
A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzling
C.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling
213.ThenewsJim.Hewasatthenews.Hefoundthenews.
A.surprised;surprised;surprisingB.surprised;surprising;surprised
C.surprising;surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprising;surprised
214.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.
A.developed;belongsB.developing;belonging
C.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged
215.Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,.
A.followedbyhissonB.followedhisson
C.andfollowinghissonD.andfollowingbyhisson
[参考答案]
1-5CDDBA6-10CBDDC11-15CCAAD16-20CBBAD21-25DDDCD
26-30BAACC31-35ABBBA36-40ABABB41-45DCBCA46-50BACDD
51-55BDBBB56-60CBCDB61-65BDBDA66-70AADCD71-75CACCC
76-80DDBBA81-85DBBAB86-90CBACB91-95ABDAA96-100DDADA
101-105BBDDD106-110ADCBA111-115BAABD116-120CDCCC121-125ADCDC
126-130CCDCB131-135DCCCB136-140CABAD141-145ACDAB146-150CDBBD
151-155CDCAB156-160ACCDA161-165CCCDB166-170ACCCC171-175AADAA
176-180CBADC181-185DDCAB186-190DCBDD191-195BBDCD196-200DCCDD
201-205DAABC206-210DADBC211-215DCABA
2018中考英语易错知识点辨析:非谓语动词
不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it”来代替,称为形式主语,真正主语(不定式)放在句尾。
如:
Collectinginformationaboutchildrenshealthishisjob.
收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。
Itsnecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。
(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有:
①Itsdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo...
②Itskind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo...
(3)常用动名词作主语的句型有:
①Itsnogood(use,fun)doing...
②Itisawasteoftimedoing...
02、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
2018中考英语易错知识点辨析:非谓语动词
Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.
他们停下来,抽了根烟。
Imuststopsmoking.
我必须戒烟了。
Dontforgettocometomorrow.
别忘了明天来。
Heforgotturningthelightoff.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
Iregrettotellyouthatyoucantpasstheexamination.
我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。
Iregretdisturbingyousolong.
我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。
Pleasetrytofinishthisworkinthirtyminutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
Whydidntyoutryridingabiketogotoschool?
为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?
Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。
Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
03、动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别
(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等动词既可跟不带to的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补。跟不带to的不定式做宾补表事情全过程或一次性动作;跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。
如:
IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。
04、现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。
如:
anexcitingstory
一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)
theexcitedlisteners
激动的听众(被动,即被引起激动的)
amovingfilm
一部感动人的影片
amovedaudience
受感动的观众
(2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。
如:
thechangingworld
正在变化着的世界
thechangedworld
已经起了变化的世界
developingcountries
发展中国家
developedcountries
发达国家
05、havesb.dosth.;havesb.doing;havesth.done辨析
(1)havesb.dosth.
“have+sb.(宾语)+dosth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的dosth.是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
Illhavesomeonerepairthebikeforyou.
我会让人为你修理自行车的。
(2)havesb./sth.doing
“have+sb./sth.(宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人一直做某事或让某种情况一直发生”。宾语sb./sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:
Donthavethedogbarkingmuch.
别让狗狂吠不停。
(3)havesth.done
“have+sth.(宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。
如:
Hehashadhishaircut.
他(请人给他)理发了。
6含doing的常见短语
havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun//agoodtime+(in)+doing;
feellikedoing
=wouldliketodo想要做某事;
spendtime(in)doingsth花费时间做某事;
go+doing表示“从事某项活动”;
bebusydoing忙着做……;
makeacontributiontodoing为……作贡献;
lookforwardtodoing期待……;
preferdoingtodoing比起做……更喜欢做......;
beusedtodoing习惯于……
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