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教案课件是每个老师工作中上课需要准备的东西,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。此时就可以对教案课件的工作做个简单的计划,新的工作才会如鱼得水!适合教案课件的范文有多少呢?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“非谓语动词”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

非谓语动词

非谓语动词在英语里是一项重要的语言表现形式,它与汉语动词的使用方法习惯很不一样,是不少中国学生容易混淆出错的知识能力要点。
非谓语动词有四个特出的特点:

一,它不能当谓语,因此在同一句子中一定还会另有谓语动词。象“Irunninginthemorningeveryday.""henamedLiping."就是没有谓语动词的错误的句子。

二,非谓语动词和谓语动词都表示动作,但两者的性质,地位不同。这是中国学生最不容易理解的地方。对句子往深层次分析,我们就应该领悟到这一点:与谓语动词的动作对比,非谓语动词的地位是次要的,从属性质的:(1)此动作有时已不是具体的动作,而是概括抽象的一件事,相当于一个名词了;(2)此动作有时即使是具体的动作,但却是从属性的,次要的动作:比如表示原因,条件,时间,目的,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作状态等。在汉语中,不使用连词也可以在一个句子中连用用几个动词;但在英语中,一个句子只能用一个谓语动词,除了用and连接的两动词外,其它的两个动词一定要分清主次,从属等内在逻辑关系。表示原因,条件,目的,时间,临时性的不稳定的伴随动作等动词必须用非谓语或从句来表示。句子的重心应用作主句谓语动词,句子的次要,伴随,补充的说明部分必须用非谓语或有连词引导的从句。下面列举一些例句对比说明:

1."为了健康,他天天喝牛奶。""为了健康"是目的,是次要动作,“喝牛奶”才是唯一的谓语动词;Tobemorehealthy,hedrinksmilkeveryday.

2."喝牛奶对他有好处,他爱喝牛奶"这两处的“喝牛奶”明显地不是具体的"喝",而是概括抽象的一件事。“喝牛奶”在此处就近似地相当于名词“牛奶”.应用"Drinkingmilk"动名词来表示。

3,“我喝牛奶肚子痛。”“喝牛奶”在此处虽然是具体动作,但它和"肚子痛"有内在逻辑关系,它表示的是原因,是从属地位,“肚子痛”才是主要的谓语动词。可以用"Havingdrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach."来表示。

也可以用从句“SinceIhavedrunksomemilk,Ihavesometroublewithmystomach."4,“喝牛奶,人健康”,“喝牛奶”与“健康”有逻辑联系,它显然是条件,可以用"Drinkingmilkeveryday,onewillgetmorehealthy"来表示。

5,“我喝牛奶呛着了。”“喝牛奶”和“呛着”也有逻辑联系,它表示时间,可以用“Drinkingmilk,Ichoked."来表示。

6,“他坐在那里喝牛奶.”“坐”是稳定的长背景动作,应做谓语动词,而“喝牛奶”却是变动不稳定的的伴随动作,是补充说明,可用非谓语动词:“Hesatthere,drinkingsomemilk."

综上所述,同是“喝牛奶”,但各句子中“喝牛奶”的动作含义和句子地位各不相同。此“喝牛奶”非彼“喝牛奶”。

除了可以当状语,非谓语动词还可以当定语和补语。例如:

7,"Thegirlstandingtherewascrying."standing就是thegirl的定语。

8,"Ifoundhimrunninginthestreet."running就是found的宾补。

非谓语动词还可以当表语。当表语的现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词,表示特征,状态或人的情绪,情感;当表语的动名词相当于名词,表示一件事情或现象。例如:
9,Thebookistiring,whilethefilmisexciting.

10.Theexcitedaudiencesweremovedattheexcitingplay.

11.Herjobisraisingpigs,shefindsthatlivingisworking.

三,非谓语动词前不需要形式主语和连词。1,除了独立主格结构外,非谓语动词都没有形式主语出现在它的前面,如出现了多余的主语那反而是错的句子。但主语不出现不等于没有主谓关系。非谓语动词肯定与主句的主语存在着隐含的逻辑主谓关系,如找不出这种关系那一般都是错误的句子。如“从山上看下去,我们的城市很美丽。”主句的主语“城市”不会“看”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,只存在动宾关系。因此不能用“Seeing",而只能用"Seenfromthemountain,..."被动的形式来表示。或用独立主格:“Anybodyseeingitfromthemountain,thecitylooksverybeautiful."又比如“听到这个消息,她的眼泪流出来了。”“眼泪”不会“听”,不存在逻辑主谓关系,因此不能象中文一样直译:Hearingthenews,hertearscamealonghercheck.应该说:Hearingthenews,shehadtearscomingalonghercheck.

2,非谓语动词不需要because,as,if,when,while等连词,但它却已经含有连词的意思。象Becausenothavingpreparedmylesson,Icantanswerthequestion.就是错的,应删去Because。

反之,如不用非谓语而用从句,那表示原因,条件,时间,伴随,目的的从句前又必须有连词。而中文却是可以省连词的,如上文的“喝牛奶肚子痛”“喝牛奶,人健康。”“喝牛奶呛着了”都可以加用连词也可以不用连词。因此中国学生往往把表示原因,条件,时间,伴随的从句不用连词,不用句号,却要与主句并列在一起,出现“少连词混淆主次”的错误,如:Iampoor,Icantbuythehouse."Iampoor"显然与后面的句子有逻辑因果关系,应加连词Since或变成“Beingpoor,Icantbuythethehouse.

有时中国学生又会犯两个分句都用连词的错误,如:“因为我病了,所以今天我不能上学”译成:BecauseIamill,soIcantgotoschooltoday.在英语中有连词的句子都是次要,从属地位的从句,如两个分句象中文一样都用连词,那就没有表示句子主要意思的主句了。这便是“多连词导致无主句”错误。同理,如非谓语动词短语后的句子用连词,也等于犯了“无主句”的错误。

四,非谓语动词具有谓语动词的有宾语,有状语等特征。

1,及物的非谓语动词后要带宾语,是双宾动词还要带两个宾语,象上面的句子如用"Anybodyseeingfromthemountain,........"就是不好的句子,因为及物非谓语动词seeing没有带宾语。

2,不及物的非谓语动词后当然不会有宾语。

3,过去分词后不能出现宾语,因主句的主语就是它的逻辑宾语。象"Heatedthewater,itwillturnintostream."就是错的,thewater应删去。

当然,带双宾的非谓语动词后还需带一个宾语:“Toldthestudentsmanytimes,theimportanceispaidattentionto."

以上知识能力要点都是要靠理解,领悟,不是靠死记硬背的。下面让我们做一点练习来加深理解。注意两动作的主次逻辑关系,注意“无形式主语”“无连词”“不能多用连词”等非谓语动词特点。

用非谓语动词翻译下列句子:

1.我钱不够,不能买这房子。

A.Mymoneyisshort,Icantbuythehouse.

B.Imshortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.

C.Beingshortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.

D.Shortofmoney,Icantbuythehouse.

2,我比你强,我会跑得比你快。

A.Imstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.

B.Ibeingstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.
C.beingstrongerthanyou,Icanrunfasterthanyou.

D.YoubeingweakerthanI,soIcanrunfasterthanyou.
3,你见到他就叫他到这来吧。

a.Ifyouseehim,askhimcomehereplease.

b.Ifyouseehimandaskhimtocomehereplease.

c.youseeinghim,askhimtocomehereplease.

d.seeinghim,youaskhimtocomehereplease

4,有空你来帮帮我吧。

a.Youhavetimeandyoucometohelpme.

b.Youhavetimeyoucometohelpme.
c.Ifyouhavetimeandyoucometohelpmeplease.

d.havingtime,youshouldcometohelpme.
5,你觉得不舒服就别去游泳了。

a.Youdontfeelwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.

b.Becauseyoudontfeelwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
c.Younotfeelingwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.
d.Notfeelingwell,youdbetternotgotoswim.

6,吃太多的肉,你会变胖的。

a.Ifyouhavetoomuchmeat,andyoullgetfatter.
b.youhavetoomuchmeat,andyoullgetfatter.

c.Youhavetoomuchmeat,youllgetfatter.

d.Havingtoomuchmeat,youllgetfatter.

7,昨天他去踢球,摔断腿了。

a.Yesterdayhewenttoplayfootball,breakinghisleg.

b.Yesterdayhewenttoplayfootball,brokehisleg.
c.Yesterdayhegoingtoplayfootball,hebrokehisleg.

d.Playingfootball,hebrokehislegyesterday.

8,看见我穿得破烂,那售货员拿出最便宜的衣服给我。

a.Seeingmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
b.Hesawmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.

c.Becauseheseeingmedressedinrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.
m.JAB88.cOM

d.Idressinginrags,theassistantshowedmethecheapestsuit.

9,浇太多的水花会死的。

a.Ifwatertoomuch,theflowerwilldie.
b.Ifyouwateredtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.

c.Wateringtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.

d.Wateredtoomuch,theflowerwilldie.

10,我昨天挨雨淋了,感冒了。

a.Iwascaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.
b.Havingcaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.

c.Icaughtintherain,Igetabadcoldnow.

d.Caughtintherain,Igotabadcoldnow.

11.他们说说笑笑地向我们走来。

a.Theytalked,laughedandwenttous.

b.Goingtous,theytalkedandlaughed.

c.Theywenttous,talkedandlaughed.

d.Theywenttous,talkingandlaughing.

12.他躺在那里看书。

a.Hereadabook,lyingthere.

b.Helaythere,readingabook.

c.Helyingthereandreadingabook.

d.Helaythere,readabook.

13.在那跳舞的那个女孩也很会唱歌。

a,Thegirldancingtheresingswell.

b.Thegirldancedtheresingswell.

c.Thegirlwasdancingtheresingswell.
d.Thegirlwasdancingtherewasagoodsinger.

14.我进门时看见他正在看电视。

a.Ienteredtheroom,sawhewaswatchingTV.
b.Ienteredtheroom,seeinghimwaswatchingTV.

c.Enteredtheroom,IsawhewaswatchingTV.

d.Enteringtheroom,IsawhimwatchingTV.

15.他一来就逗我们发笑。

a.Hecame,makinguslaughed.

b.Hecametomakeuslaughing.

c.Coming,heoftenmakesuslaughing.

d.Camehere,heoftenmakeslaughing.

16.今天他病了,没来学校.a.Heisill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.b.Heisill,notcomingtoschooltoday.c.Beingill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.d.Hebeingill,hedoesntcometoschooltoday.

key:c,C,A,D,D,

D,D,A,D,D,

D,B,A,D,C,

C.

相关知识

初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案


初中英语语法-非谓语动词教案

一.非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一)概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(theInfinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(thePresentParticiple);过去分词(thePastParticiple)。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能

1)逻辑主语

为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。

①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词of和for来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我们使用of;其它的使用for。请看例句:

Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。

Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。

Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我们很荣幸参加这个大会。

Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。

②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的。在句首时一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:

Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.

玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。

XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.

小李的迟到让老师很恼火。

Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.

我们唯一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。

Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.

他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。

③分词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如:

Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.从太空看起来,地球像个兰色的球体。

这个悬垂结构seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…

Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子们说说笑笑回家去了。

同上述结构一样,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…

独立主格结构与悬垂结构不同的是独立结构有自己的主语。这个主语有名词或代词通格来表示,放于分词之前,与分词形成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.

这么多同志都缺席了,所以会议只得延期。

Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我们都回家了,只有他留在后面。

Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。

Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下课了,老师把学生打发走了。

Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。

Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.岁着树的不断长高,树阴也越来越浓密了。

Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.

把一切考虑在内,这个计划看起来可行。

Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他们挑灯夜战。

2)宾语

第一类是有些动词之后面只能使用动名词做宾语。这些动词有:admit(承认),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:

Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。

Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。

Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考虑换个工作。

第二类是既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语的动词:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具体使用情形请看下述详细解释:

①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用两种结构,无有区别。如:

Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?

Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜欢别人奉承她。

②need,want,require,deserve等动词表示“需要,值得”时,有两种结构可以用:一是使用动名词的主动式表被动;二是使用不定式的被动式。两者没有意义上的区别。如:

Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花该浇水了。

Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的头发该理了。

Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.

他的工作应该受到表扬。

③remember,forget,regret等后面使用动词不定式表示未发生的动作;而使用动名词时表示已经发生的动作。如:

Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.

我很遗憾地通知你我们无法安排你的就业。

Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遗憾当时未能帮你。

Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.别忘了上班的路上把信寄走。

Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上给我的信发走。

④try后跟动名词表示“试一试”;和动词不定式连用表示“努力,试图”。

ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.这位外国客人试着用毛笔写字。

Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他试图骗这老头的钱。

⑤mean,intend后跟动名词表示“意味着”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:

Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算读完这本书。

Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.

他在会上说的意思是他要出国。

⑥prefer后使用动名词还是不定式有这么两种情况:当我们谈论一般情况时和当我们说在两种活动之间更喜欢哪一种的时候,一般使用动名词;另一种是和不定式连用,一般用来引导另一个短语。如:

Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.

你喜欢游泳吗?---当然。但是我更喜欢驾驶帆船。

CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.

你顺便坐我的车走好么?----不用了,谢谢!我喜欢步行。

Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜欢读点书,不喜欢逛街。

Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里过周末,倒不如在家更好些。

⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在没有人做宾语的情况下接动名词;如果有人做宾语时则用不定式。如:

Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.对不起,教室不准抽烟。

Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我们不许人们在这里抽烟。

Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.

我不建议开车去,因为没有停车的地方。

Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我劝你不要开车去。

第三类是带to的短语。而实际上这个to是介词,如果不加区分,一律把它看作是动词不定式的小品词的话,很容易判断失误。这一类的短语主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:

Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.

我在盼望着尽快收到她的来信。

Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他强烈反对乘飞机。

3)动词不定式和分词用做宾语补足语

动词不定式和分词都可以用做宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的动作和状态。其区别在于不定式表示一个完整的动作,而分词则表示一个完整动作的过程。如:

Isawehergetonthetractoranddriveitaway.我看见她上了拖拉机把它开走了。

Ismelledsomethingburninginthekitchen.我闻到厨房什么东西有股糊味。

一般而言,能这样用的动词分为两类:第一类动词既可后接不定式又可接现在分词和过去分词:接不定式时表示一个完整的动作;接现在分词时表示宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个完整动作的一个过程;而接过去分词时,宾语则成为动作的承受者。这类动词有:see,hear,make,let,have,watch,feel,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento。如:

IheardsomebodysinganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示一个完整的动作)

IhearsomebodysinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.(表示完整动作的一个片段)

IheardanEnglishsongbeingsunginthenextroom.(表示完整动作的一个片段)

IheardanEnglishsongsunginthenextroom.(表示一个完整的动作)

第二类动词一般表示“致使”,要用分词做补足语:have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。

Thesightoftheinvitingmeloninsuchahotsummerdaysetmewatering.

在这么炎热的夏天看到那些诱人的西瓜着实令我口水直流。

Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.我绝不会再做那事了。

Hisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.

他的一番话禁不住让我疑惑他的真实意图。

Thesmokestartedhercoughing.烟呛得她直咳嗽。

4)动词不定式和分词用作状语

根据对非谓语动词词性的分析,大家知道,动词不定式和分词同时还具有副词的词性特征,因此能在句子中充当状语。

与分词不同的是,动词不定式在句中做状语时,主要表示目的、结果、原因;而分词做状语主要表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、伴随等。

一般判别二者之间的区别使用是根据不同的标志词来确定的,或者说用marker来确定它们。例如,动词不定式表示目的的有inorderto,soasto。表示结果的有:so…asto,such…asto,enoughto,too…to等。请看例句:

Heshoutedsoastobenoticed.(目的)

Shestartedearlyinordertoavoidtherushingcrowds.(目的)

Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbike?(结果)

Heissuchafoolastothinkthathisidlechatcaninfluenceothers.(结果)

Theboyisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.(结果)

Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletter.(结果)

Shewepttohearthenews.(原因)

Irejoicedtohearthatmysonhadbeenadmittedintothefamousuniversity.(原因)

分词的表现形式是通过悬垂结构的句意来判断的,但是要请注意,悬垂结构中的逻辑主语一定是后面主句中的主语,检验的办法就是用主句的主语很分词结构还原成一个状语从句。如:

①时间

Lookingupsuddenly,Robertsawarainbowinthesky.

Floatingonwater,ashipdisplacesanamountofwaterequaltoitsownwweight.

Hearingthenewsthathersonwasrescued,shefeltgreatlyrelieved.

②原因

Notknowinghowtopronouncetheword“plough”,theFrenchmanlookedupitinadictionary.

Consideringtheimportanceoftheexperiment,theycheckedtheresultagainandagain.

Livinginaremotevillage,werarelyhavevisitorscoming.

③条件

Thissamething,happeninginthepeacetime,wouldbeagreatdisaster.

Unlessmeetingwithunexpecteddifficultiesattheofficetoday,Ishallbehomeearlytonight.

④让步

Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,wehavenoreasontobeconceited.

Walkingandsleeping,hehastheplaninhismind.

ThechemicalcompositionofwaterisH2O,whetherbeingsolid,liquidorvapor.

⑤结果

Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam,thuscausingtheirdelay.

Weintroducedalotofadvanceddevices,thussavingmuchtimeandlabor.

⑥目的

Thepeopleareworkinghard,strivingtorealizeourcountry’smodernization.

Weheldameeting,markingtheanniversaryofhisdeath.

⑦方式(也称做伴随)

Theustoodbytheroadside,watchingtheparade.

Shestoodmotionlesslyvacantly,lookingatthesea.

Theysattogether,studyingcarefullythedesignofthenewproject.

5)省略不定式小品词to的情形

在不定式中,小品词to有时可以省略。主要在以下几种情形中:

①在由make,let,see,feel,watch,have,hear,help,notice,observe,listento,lookat等动词引出的作宾语补语的情况时。

②在介词but,except,besides后(动词谓语必须是do,否则还需要小品词to)。如;

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswimandplayfootball?

Beforebreakfastwehavenoclassbut(except)toreadEnglishaloud.

Whentheenemysurroundedthehouse,theyhadnochoicebuttoburnalltheimportantdocuments.

③在hadbetter,hadbest,hadasgood(宁可),wouldrather…than,wouldsooner…than,mightaswell,ratherthan后。如:

HehadasgoodstudyEnglishinsteadofGerman.他宁可学英语也不愿意学德语。

Theywouldrathertryandfailthangiveitup.他们宁愿试了失败也不愿意轻易放弃。

Let’sfinishtheworknowratherthanleaveitofftilltomorrow.

我们最好今晚把这活干完也别推到明天。

Heresignedratherthantakepartinsuchadiahonesttransaction.

他宁愿辞职也不愿干这桩肮脏的交易。

Iwouldratherdiestandingthanlivekneeling.我宁愿站着死不愿跪着生。

④在下列固定词组中。

We’llhavetomakedowithdrybread.我们用干面包凑合吧。

Hemadebelievehewasinnocent.他假装无辜。

Don’tletslipsuchagoodopportunitytolearn.不要丢失这样一个好机会。

Heletgo(of)therope.我松了绳子。

Ihearsaythatthere’llbeanearthquakesoon.我听说不久要有地震。

Don’tlettherebeanynoise.不要再制造噪音了。

二、非谓语动词考查点

1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断

对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构,如:

1.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.

A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceled

C.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled

D。

独立主格结构做状语表示原因。

2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择

谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是语法测试中的一个题点。如:

1.Idon’tmind____thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmaking

C.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake

B。

这是一个带有逻辑主语的动名词结构。依据前面所讲,逻辑主语应是一个带有形容词性的物主代词,其后的动词delay也应该是一个动名词。

3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择

从近几年的考查情况来看,对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况:对一般概念的考查,而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。

4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择:做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择,如:______fromtheouterspace,ourearthlookslikeawater-coveredball.

A.HavingseenB.SeeingC.Seen D.Havingbeenseen

C。

根据分词结构的逻辑主语分析,选项A、B、D都不能和主句中的主语构成逻辑的主谓一致的关系。惟有选项C是正确答案。

从以上各题来看,考查的侧重点有:

(1)状语类别的判断:不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同,目的状语要求用不定式,如②。

(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系:根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。

(3)非谓语动词的否定形式:not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前,如③。

(4)独立成分:有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制,称为独立成分,这类成分只记忆即可。如:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,totellthetruth...,等。

5)做补足语的非谓语动词的选择

做宾语补足语的非谓语动词受谓语动词的限制,不同动词后的宾语补足语形式要求不同。近几年对各类宾补都有考查。如:

Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman________anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.

A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed

A。

have之后的宾语如果是补足语的发出者时,则应使用动词原形。

6)做表语的非谓语动词的选择

表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择,很少有动名词的用法的考查,虽然选项中有不定式作为干扰项,只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如:

Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo_____bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

A.unrecordedB.tobeunrecorded

C.unrecordingD.tohavebeenunrecorded

A。

分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语,也可以做其它系动词的表语,如go,feel,seem,look,remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的饿用法规则是相同的。

7)to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择

to可以是介词,也可以用来引导不定式,英语各类考试中对此用法的考查也比较多。如:

Themaninthecornerconfessedto_____alietothemanagerofthecompany.

A.havetoldB.betoldC.beingtoldD.havingtold

D。

这类考题的考查方式有两种,一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项todosomething和todoingsomething,这时考查的自然是to的性质;另一种是to在题干中。

8)分词前连词的使用

分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了,使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况:

(1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式

Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen______.

A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded

D。

when的使用说明非谓语动词做时间状语,答案不可能是B,从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看,应该是动宾关系,所以答案是D。

(2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词

Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientdonottakedrugs___directed.

A.likeB.soC.whichD.as

D。

由上下文的意思可以看出,分词所做的是方式状语,连词应该是as。

9)非谓语动词的体

非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体,即havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone,完成体只用于做状语的场合,而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。

动名词的体也有havingdone,havingbeendone和beingdone的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有tobedoing和tohavedone,主要用于pretend,happen,seem,appear,besaidto等结构中。如:

I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.

A.togetworseB.tobegettingworse

C.tohavegotworseD.gettingworse

D。

从allthetime的使用可以推断getworse是一个渐变过程,所以用不定式的进行体。

10)动名词复合结构

动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语,在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来,形成动名词的复合结构:

_____inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.

A.ThegirlwaseducatedB.Thegirleducated

C.Thegirl’sbeingeducatedD.Thegirltobeeducated

D。

本题涉及题眼比较多,A,为从句做主语,但缺少that,D为不定式做主语,但缺少for(forthegirltobeeducated),B结构不能做主语,答案是C,为动名词的复合结构。

一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一)概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(theInfinitive);动名词(theGerund);现在分词(thePresentParticiple);过去分词(thePastParticiple)。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能

1)逻辑主语

为了强调是谁发出的一个动作,我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在句中不做谓语,所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征,在这种情况下,就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中,非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式,也是常考的一个语法项目,尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。

①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词of和for来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是:当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时(如:good,nice,wise,generous,foolish,clever,silly,wrong,stupid,careless,considerate,impolite,naughty等等),我们使用of;其它的使用for。请看例句:

Itisunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.他们拒绝这个建议很不明智。

Itisgenerousofyoutostayusforthenight.难为你这么慷慨留我们过夜。

Itisagreathonorforustoattendthisrally.我们很荣幸参加这个大会。

Itisverydangerousforchildrentoswiminthereservoir.孩子们在水库里游泳很危险。

②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的。在句首时一般要使用所有格,在句中一般使用其通格。例如:

Mary’sgruntingcontinuouslyannoyedherhusband,andhermother’sstayingwiththemwasthelaststraw.

玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈夫很烦,她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。

XiaoLi’sbeinglateforschoolupsettheteacher.

小李的迟到让老师很恼火。

Oursoleworryis(you)yourrelyingonyouselftoomuch.

我们唯一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。

Theyinsisted(XiaoWang)XiaoWang’sgoingwiththemtogether.

他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。

③分词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如:

Seenfromthespace,theearthlooklikeablueball.从太空看起来,地球像个兰色的球体。

这个悬垂结构seenfromthespace=whentheearthisseen,…

Laughingandchatting,thepuplesleftschoolforhome.孩子们说说笑笑回家去了。

同上述结构一样,Laughingandchatting=thepupilswerelaughingandchatting,…

独立主格结构与悬垂结构不同的是独立结构有自己的主语。这个主语有名词或代词通格来表示,放于分词之前,与分词形成逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

Somanycomradesbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.

这么多同志都缺席了,所以会议只得延期。

Weallwenthome,heremainingbehind.我们都回家了,只有他留在后面。

Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforanoutingnextweek.如果天气许可,我们下周去郊游。

Theclass(being)over,theteacherdismissedthestudents.下课了,老师把学生打发走了。

Thejobdone,weallwenthome.工作完成之后,我们就都回家去了。

Withthetreegrowntall,wegetmoreshade.岁着树的不断长高,树阴也越来越浓密了。

Everythingtakenintoconsideration,thisplanseemstobemorefeasible.

把一切考虑在内,这个计划看起来可行。

Theyworkedthroughoutthenightwiththelamplighted.他们挑灯夜战。

2)宾语

第一类是有些动词之后面只能使用动名词做宾语。这些动词有:admit(承认),acknowledge,appreciate(感激),avoid,consider,contemplate,delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,facilitate,fancy,favor,forgive,can’thelp,imagine,include,involve,mention,mind,miss,postpone,practise,pardon,resent,resist,require,risk,stand,suggest,understand,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike等等。如:

Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。

Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。

Heisconsideringchangingajob.他正在考虑换个工作。

第二类是既能带动名词又能带不定式作宾语的动词:attempt,begin,cease,continue,dread,forget,hate,intend,like,neglect,omit,prefer,propose,remember,start,try.具体使用情形请看下述详细解释:

①在begin,start,continue,like,hate,cease等后可以使用两种结构,无有区别。如:

Willyoucontinuegardening/togardenafterdinner?饭后你继续干花园的活,好吗?

Shelikestobeflattered/beingflattered.她喜欢别人奉承她。

②need,want,require,deserve等动词表示“需要,值得”时,有两种结构可以用:一是使用动名词的主动式表被动;二是使用不定式的被动式。两者没有意义上的区别。如:

Theflowerswantwatering.=Theflowerswanttobewatered.花该浇水了。

Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.我的头发该理了。

Hisperformancedeservespraising.=Hisperformancedeservestobepraised.

他的工作应该受到表扬。

③remember,forget,regret等后面使用动词不定式表示未发生的动作;而使用动名词时表示已经发生的动作。如:

Iregrettoinformyouthatweareunabletoofferyouemployment.

我很遗憾地通知你我们无法安排你的就业。

Iregretbeingunabletohelpyou.我很遗憾当时未能帮你。

Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytowork.别忘了上班的路上把信寄走。

Iforgetpostingtheletteryougavemethinsmorning.我忘了把你今天早上给我的信发走。

④try后跟动名词表示“试一试”;和动词不定式连用表示“努力,试图”。

ThisforeignguesttriedwritingwiththeChinesebrush.这位外国客人试着用毛笔写字。

Hetriedtocheattheoldmanoutofhismoney.他试图骗这老头的钱。

⑤mean,intend后跟动名词表示“意味着”;接不定式表示“打算”。如:

Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisbook.今天我打算读完这本书。

Whathesaidatthemeetingmeanshisgoingabroadnextyear.

他在会上说的意思是他要出国。

⑥prefer后使用动名词还是不定式有这么两种情况:当我们谈论一般情况时和当我们说在两种活动之间更喜欢哪一种的时候,一般使用动名词;另一种是和不定式连用,一般用来引导另一个短语。如:

Doyoulikeswimming?-------Yes,butIprefersailing.

你喜欢游泳吗?---当然。但是我更喜欢驾驶帆船。

CanIgivealift?----No,thanks,Iwouldprefertowalk.

你顺便坐我的车走好么?----不用了,谢谢!我喜欢步行。

Ipreferreadingtogoingshopingonweekends.周末我喜欢读点书,不喜欢逛街。

Iwouldprefertospendtheweekendathomeratherthandrive/drivingallthewaytoyourmother’s.我觉得与其开车跑那么远到你母亲那里过周末,倒不如在家更好些。

⑦allow,advise,forbid,permit等在没有人做宾语的情况下接动名词;如果有人做宾语时则用不定式。如:

Sorry,wedon’tallowsmokinginthelectureroom.对不起,教室不准抽烟。

Wedon’tallowpeopletosmkoehere.我们不许人们在这里抽烟。

Iwouldn’tadvisetakingthecar---there’snowheretopark.

我不建议开车去,因为没有停车的地方。

Iwouldn’tadviseyoutotakethecar.我劝你不要开车去。

第三类是带to的短语。而实际上这个to是介词,如果不加区分,一律把它看作是动词不定式的小品词的话,很容易判断失误。这一类的短语主要有:attribute…to,owe…to,devote…to,contribute…to,beusedto,beaccustomedto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto,opposeto,inadditionto等。如:

Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromherassoonaspossible.

我在盼望着尽快收到她的来信。

Hestronglyopposedtotravelingbyair.他强烈反对乘飞机。

中考英语中考非谓语动词专题知识点复习


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中考英语非谓语动词专练

1.Thestudentsarekeptbusytheirlessons.

A.toreviewB.reviewC.reviewingD.onreviewing

2.IconsidertoseethefilmnextSunday.

A.togoB.goC.tobegoingD.going

3.Iwouldn’tadvisetherebybus,becauseitistoocrowded.

A.goB.togoC.togoingD.going

4.Iadvisedatonce.

A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart

5.Wedon’tallowinthisroom.

A.smokingB.tosmoke

C.peoplesmokingD.peopletosmoking

6.Youshouldn’tallowgamesneartheclassroomforit’stoonoisy.

A.studentplayingB.toplayC.studentstoplayD.toplaying

7.Theyarebusyfortheexam.

A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.topreparing

8.WeshouldkeeponEnglisheveryday.

A.topractisetospeakB.topractisespeaking

C.practisingtospeakD.practisingspeaking

9.I’msorrytohavekeptyou.

A.waitB.towaitC.waitedD.waiting

10.It’sdangeroustoletthechildrenwhoaregoswimmingintheriver.

A.soyoungtoB.notoldenoughtoC.soyoungD.tooyoungto

11.Thepriceoffoodkeptinthosedays.

A.goingB.gettingC.risingD.turning

12.Thetravelersstoodonthehillsideandlookedatthesun.

A.risenB.raiseC.risingD.raising

13.ThemotherwasaskedTVeveryevening.

A.nottoletherchildrenwatchB.nottoletherchildrentowatch

C.notletherchildrenwatchD.notletherchildrenwatching

14.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound.

A.exposedB.toexposeC.tobeexposedD.exposing

15.Helikes,buthedoesn’tliketodaybecauseitistoocold.

A.toswim;toswimB.swimming;swimming

C.toswim;swimmingD.swimming;toswim

16.Hesattoherthestairs.

A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimb

C.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing

17.HewouldsitaloneandlistentoMaythepiano.

A.toplayB.playingC.playedD.toplaying

18.Thegirlwasmadeshedidn’tloveatall.

A.marryamanB.tomarryaman

C.tomarrywithamanD.marriedwithaman

19.Don’tmakehimitifhedoesn’twantto.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.thathedo

20.Thisexperiencemadehimthestudyofscience.

A.interestinB.tointerestinC.interestinginD.interestedin

21.Heraisedhisvoicesoastomakehimself.

A.hearB.hearingC.beheardD.heard

22.HemanagedtomakehimselfwithhisEnglish.

A.understand;breakingB.understand;broken

C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken

23.It’stimetolistentothenews.Wouldyoumindtheradio?

A.metoopenB.mytoopenC.myopeningD.myturningon

24.Idon’tmindtotheparty.

A.beingnotinvitedB.notinvitingC.notbeinginvitedD.nottobeinvited

25.Theboydidn’tmindaloneathome.

A.toleaveB.leavingC.tobeleftD.beingleft

26.“Doyoumind?”“Goahead.”

A.turningonthefanB.ifIturnonthefan

C.toturnonthefanD.Iturnonthefan

27.Wedidn’tmissthefootballmatchlastnight.

A.watchingB.towatchC.watchD.watched

28.I’msorry,butImustsayyourEnglishneeds.

A.improvingB.tobeimprovingC.improveD.animprovement

29.Shemustbelookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfistoher.

A.seeB.haveseenC.seeingD.havingseen

30.“Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.”

“Fine,whatneeds?”

A.IdoB.doneC.tobedoneD.todo

31.InEnglandasearlyasthecentury,youngpeopleenjoyedfootball.

A.twelfth…playingB.twelveth…playing

C.twelfth…toplayD.twelveth…toplay

32.Nooneenjoysfunofinpubic.

A.makingB.beingmadeC.tobemadeD.tomake

33.Noneofthecriminals(罪犯)escaped.

A.bepunishedB.beingpunishedC.tobepunishedD.punished

34.Onamorningthelittlematchgirlwasfoundatthecornerofthestreet.

A.freezing;freezingB.freezing;frozenC.frozen;frozenD.frozen;freezing

35.Theyfoundaoldwomanonthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokenopen.

A.dying;lyingB.dead;liedC.death;layingD.died;lain

36.Wewentinandfoundtheroom.

A.poorlyfurnishedB.poorfurniture

C.wellfurnishingD.tobefurnishedbadly

37.Ifoundhimonhisbacklookingupward.

A.lieB.lyingC.layingD.laid

38.Theoldmanwasfoundonthefloor.

A.lyingdeadB.lyingdeathC.layingdeadD.layingdeath

39.Thechildrenwerefoundinthecave.

A.trappingB.trappedC.tobetrappingD.betrapped

40.Excusemeformydelayyourletter.

A.ofansweringB.inansweringC.toansweringD.toanswer

41.Whenhereturned,hiswifefoundhishairblack.

A.haddyedB.hasbeendyedC.bedyedD.dyed

42.Haveyoufinishedthenoticeontheblackboard?

A.writtenB.wroteC.writingD.towrite

43.Ifeellikealongwalk.Wouldyoulikewithme?

A.taking;goingB.taking;togoC.totake;togoD.totake;going

44.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill.

A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating

45.Theteacherforbadeourseats.

A.ustoleaveB.usleavingC.toleaveD.toleaving

46.Don’tforgettheletterformeonyourwayhome.

A.postB.topostC.postingD.posted

47.HaveyouforgottenarulerfromBetty?Pleaserememberittohertomorrow.

A.borrowing;toreturnB.borrowing;returning

C.toborrow;toreturnD.toborrow;returning

48.Iforgetthemintheschoolgarden.

A.allowing;playingB.allow;toplayC.allowing;toplayD.toallow;playing

49.Iknewhedidn’tlistentome,butIwentontogethimintheproposal.

A.hoping;interestingB.tohope;interesting

C.hoping;interestD.hoping;interested

50.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwentonme.

A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp

51.Youhadbettergetadoctoryourbadtooth.

A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout

52.Don’tgetintherain.

A.tobecaughtB.catchingC.tocatchD.caught

53.Ihaven’tgotachair.Willyoumakeroomforme?

A.tositB.tositinC.forsittingD.sitting

54.Bytheway,whendidyougetyourbedroom?

Lastweek?

A.topaintB.paintedC.paintingD.tobepainted

55.Wecan’tgetthecar.Weneedsomeoneus.

A.togo;tohelpB.going;tohelpC.going;helpingD.gone;helping

56.Whensheheardthenews,shecouldn’thelp.

A.jumpwithjoyB.tojumpwithjoy

C.jumpingwithjoyD.havingjumpedwithjoy

57.Icouldn’thelpbythebeautyoftheWestLake.

A.strickingB.beingstruckC.burstingD.beingburst

58.I’mafraidyoursuggestioncan’thelptheserviceoftheirshop.

A.improvingB.inimprovingC.improveD.forimproving

59.Thematterhadbetterasitis.

A.leaveB.beingleftC.leavingD.beleft

60.—Whendoyouthinkwe’llleavetomorrow?

—You’dbetterreadyatseveno’clock.

A.tobeB.beC.beingD.been

61.Youhadbetteryourshoes.

A.tohave;mendedB.have;mendedC.have;mendingD.have;mend

62.You’dbetterwhenyoucomein.

A.nottowakeupmeB.nottowakemeupC.notwakeupmeD.notwakemeup

63.IstudiedEnglishinprisonfromateach-yourselfbook,butIhaveneverheard.

A.spokenofitspeakingB.awordofitspoken

C.awordofitspeakingD.thespeakingofaword

64.Doyouoftenhavesomeoneyourclothes?

Yes,Ioftenhavethem.

A.wash;towashB.towash;washedC.washed;washD.wash;washed

65.Maryhadherfriendthebestone.

A.chooseB.chosenC.choseD.tochoose

66.Iwantedtohavehimthejob,butshehaditinstead.

A.do;doneB.does;dongC.todo;doingD.todo;done

67.Itwassocoldthatthetravelershadthefireallthenight.

A.burningB.toburnC.burnD.burnt

68.Yourhairisratherlong,youshouldhavealittle.

A.themcutB.itcuttingC.ittobecutD.itcut

69.Inthosedaysmyfamilydidn’thaveenoughroom..

A.toliveB.livinginC.toliveinD.living

70.Mygrandmotherseemstohavealot.

A.worryaboutB.toworryingaboutC.tobeworriedD.toworryabout

71.Theyinsistedonathoroughrestbeforegoingbacktowork.

A.himtotakeB.hetookC.histakingD.histaken

72.Whocouldhaveimaginedsuchasweet-temperedgirlasAlicesuchathing?

A.doingB.todoC.willdoD.does

73.Canyouimagineasanurse?

A.heworkB.hetoworkC.himworkingD.heworking

74.Youcanhardlyimagineachildsocruelly.

A.totreatB.tobetreatedC.beingtreatedD.treating

75.It’snouseoverspiltmilk.

A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.becrying

76.Itisnogoodothers’shortcomings.

A.tojokeaboutB.tojokewithC.jokingwithD.jokingabout

77.Itisconsiderednogoodwithoutunderstanding.

A.reciteB.toberecitedC.recitedD.reciting

78.Thereiswhattheweatherwillbelike.

A.notknowingB.noknowingC.notknowD.noknown

79.Iwasdeepinthought,Ididn’tnotice.

A.himtocomeinB.himcomeinC.hecomeinD.hehasgotin

80.Theydidnotobserveherinandgoupstairs.

A.comeB.tocomeC.cameD.coming

81.Iobjectto.

A.makefunofB.makingfunof

C.bemadefunofD.beingmadefunof

82.Haveyouanyobjectiontothereonfoot?

A.begoingB.goingC.goD.went

83.Wedonotpermitintheoffice.

A.tosmokeB.smokingC.tobesmokingD.tosmoking

84.Willyoupermitme?

A.toexplainB.toexplainingC.explainingD.ofexplaining

85.Attentionmustbepaidtothejewelleryshop.

A.prevent;fromrobbedB.preventing;frombeingrobbed

C.prevent;frombeingrobbedD.preventing;beingrobbing

86.Iprefertowatchfootball.

A.toplayB.toplayingC.ratherthanplayD.thantoplay

87.Evenonholidays,hepreferredto.

A.working;donothingB.working;doingnothing

C.towork;donothingD.towork;doingnothing

88.“Howaboutadrink?”“I’drathersomethingtoeat.”

A.haveB.tohaveC.hadD.having

89.ExcuseyoubutIhaveanimportantmessageforyou.

A.metointerruptB.myinterrupt

C.myinterruptingD.meofinterrupting

90.Weregretthatthefilmwasnotworth.

A.tosay;toseeB.tosay;seeingC.saying;toseeD.saying;toseeing

91.Heregretstowatchthevolleyballmatch.

A.notbeingableB.can’tgoC.nottobeabletoD.can’tgoing

92.Idon’tregretevenifImighthavehurtherfeelings.

A.tellingwhatIthoughtB.tellingherwhatIthought

C.totellherwhatIthoughtD.totellherwhatIthought

93.Pleaseremembertheletterformewhenyougo.

A.posting;toshopB.posting;shoppingC.topost;toshopD.topost;shopping

94.DoesMrSmithremembertoChinawhenhewasachild?

A.beingtakenB.tobetakenC.takingD.totake

95.Theletterisnotonthedesk.Irememberitforyou.

A.havingpostedB.topostC.tobepostedD.posted

96.Weshoulddoaswearerequired.

A.doingB.doC.todoD.to

97.Hewasnotusedtobyair,sohefeltunwell.

A.travelB.travelledC.havetraveledD.travelling

98.Sheislookingforwardyouagain.

A.tomeetingB.tomeetC.meetingD.tobemet

99.HeusedontherightinChina,buthesoongotusedontheleftinEngland.

A.todrive;todriveB.todrive;driving

C.todriving;todriveD.todrive;todriving

100.Janedevotedherlifethesick.

A.tocaringforB.tocareforC.tocaringD.caringfor

101.Themotherwantedhersonwithoutdelay.

A.tooperateB.tobeoperatedon

C.tooperateonD.beingoperatedon

102.Ifyouwantaletter,youmustkeepinmindseveralruleswhile.

A.written;writtenB.wellwritten;writing

C.wellwriting;writingD.wellwritten;written

103.Shewantsreadherstory.

A.thatIB.meC.beingD.meto

104.Idon’twantthatsortofthing.

A.keephappenB.keephappening

C.tokeephappenD.tokeephappening

105.Mywatchwants.Itdoesn’ttherighttime.

A.torepair;tellB.beingrepaired;sayC.repairing;speakD.repairing;tell

106.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilkover?

A.boilingB.boiledC.fromboilingD.beingboiled

107.Thebookisworth.

A.very;tobereadB.good;readingC.much;toreadD.well;reading

108.MrJohnrequireseachofhisstudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.

A.writingB.writeC.towriteD.written

109.Thesechickensrequirecarefully.

A.tolookafterB.lookingafter

C.lookedafterD.beinglookedafter

110.Thewholeplacerequires.

A.tobecleanedB.tobecleaningC.beingcleanedD.toclean

111.Therulerequiredthatallofusattheofficebytwoo’clock.

A.arrivedB.shouldarriveC.wouldarriveD.arriving

112.Soontheysawtheboyinthecrowd.

A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.bedisappeared

113.I’mpleasedtoseetheproblemsoquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettled

C.besettledD.settle

114.Isawhimbehindthetreethinking.

A.satB.seatedC.seatingD.seat

115.Hewasseenintothebedroom.

A.stealB.bestealingC.hadstolenD.stealing

116.Shewasseentheroom.

A.enterB.toenteringC.toenterD.beentering

117.Wesetaboutandsucceededourtaskintime.

A.towork;tofinishB.working;finishing

C.towork;finishingD.working;infinishing

118.Sheseemedatthenews.

A.surprisingB.surpriseC.surprisedD.tosurprise

119.Youlooklight-hearted.Nothingseemstoyou.

A.tohappenB.tohavebeenhappened

C.tohavehappenedD.tobehappened

120.Ispenthoursyourcomposition.

A.tolookthoughB.lookthroughC.lookingthroughD.lookedthrough

121.Muchtimeisspent.

A.writingB.towriteC.towritingD.tobewriting

122.Weadvisethemtostopsuchadangerousplan.

A.tothinkofcarryingonB.tothinkofcarryingout

C.thinkingofcarryingoffD.thinkingofcarryingout

123.Theystoppedwhentheymetinthestreet.

A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.talked

124.Ihopeyou’llsucceedthisplan.

A.fulfillB.tofulfillC.fulfillingD.infulfilling

125.Thedaywehadlookedforwardtoatlast.

A.comingB.comeC.cameD.comes

126.Hesuggestedthemeetingtoanend

A.bringB.tobringC.bringingD.onbringing

127.Itrieditwasnogoodintothehabitofsmoking.

A.makinghimunderstand;togetB.makinghimtounderstand;toget

C.tomakehimunderstand;gettingD.tomakehimtounderstand;getting

128.Hecouldn’topenthefrontdoor,sohetriedthebackdoor.

A.pushB.topushC.pushedD.pushing

129.Thisinstrumentisusedmachines.

A.checkingB.tocheckingC.tocheckD.tobechecked

130.Itisknowntousallthatbamboocanbeusedtovariousthings.

A.makingB.makeC.bemadeD.beingmade

131.Ajobworthisworthwell.

A.do;doingB.doing;todoC.doing;doneD.doing;doing

132.It’sworthmuchisworth.

A.todowhat;todoB.doingthat;doingC.todowhat;doingD.doing;todo

133.Excusemeforlate.

A.havecomeB.comeC.comingD.tocome

134.Hedarenotgohomeforfearof.

A.punishingB.punishedC.beingpunishedD.tobepunished

135.ThomasEdisondevotedhislifetothesecretsofnature.

A.bringoutB.bringingoutC.keepingD.carryout

136.Wearelookingforwardthemuseum.

A.tovisitB.visitingC.tovisitingD.tobeabletovisit

137.Ihaddifficultintheplan.

A.carryingoutB.droppinginC.smoothingawayD.makinginto

138.Someplasticscanbemadeintoanyformwithout.

A.havingheatedB.beingheated

C.heatingD.havingbeenheating

139.ThewalletwasreturnedtoMrHopkinswithoutanything.

A.missingB.tobemissedC.missedD.tomiss

140.YoushoulddoyourhomeworkthiseveninginsteadofTV.

A.watchB.youwatchC.youwatchingD.watching

141.Thegirlmadethedoctorangrybyhisadvice.

A.notfollowingB.nottofollowC.takingD.takingout

142.Onlybytoomuchmoneycanwelivethroughthesemonths.

A.wastingB.nowastingC.notwastingD.wasted

143.Marywasnotafraidof.

A.laughingB.laughingatC.beinglaughedD.beinglaughedat

144.Ican’tthinkofaloneanylonger.

A.youlivingB.youliveC.youtoliveD.youareliving

145.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveup,butherefusedso.

A.tosmoke;doingB.smoking;todoC.tosmoke;todoD.smoking;doing

146.Sheisfarfromwiththeresultoftheexam.

A.satisfyB.satisfiedC.beingsatisfiedD.satisfying

147.Theteacherrefuseditalbymyself.

A.letmedoB.letmetodoC.toletmetodoD.toletmedo

148.Hepretendednothingaboutit.

A.knowB.toknowC.knowingD.knew

149.Theteacheraskedthestudents.

A.keepquietB.tokeepquiet

C.don’tmakeanoiseD.nevermakeanymistakes

150.Hetoldthechildrenmakesomuchnoise.

A.don’tB.don’ttoC.tonotD.notto

151.“WilltheSmithsgoabroadthissummer?”

“No,theyfinallydecided.”

A.toB.notgoingC.nottoD.nottobegoing

152.Hedidn’tknoworstay.

A.toleaveB.ifthatheshouldleave

C.iftoleaveD.whethertoleave

153.Doyouknowtherepairs?

A.todoB.tomakeC.howtodoD.howtomaking

154.Themanwillusewhathehasacameraforhiswife.

A.togetB.gotC.buyD.bought

155.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan.

A.aquickfinishB.tofinishquicklyC.finishingquicklyD.youfinishquick

156.Wearetheexperimentintwomonthsatthemost.

A.tofinishB.finishC.finishingD.tofinishing

157.“AmIitupstairs?”

“Pleasedon’t,justleaveithere.”

A.carryB.carryingC.tocarryD.carried

158.Whatisthen?

A.tobedoingB.todoC.tobedoneD.doing

159.Wehavebeenlookingfortheboyallthemorningbutheisnowhere.

A.toseeB.seeingC.seenD.tobeseen

160.Seethedarkclouds?Itislikelysoon.

A.torainB.rainedC.rainingD.wouldrain

161.I’mhungry.Wouldyougetmesomething?

A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.eaten

162.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecturenextweek?

A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven

163.ThewayEnglishispractisingitasoftenaspossible.

A.leaning;speakingB.tolearn;tospeak

C.tolearn;speakingD.learning;tospeak

164.Heisaman.

A.todependB.dependingon

C.tobedependedD.tobedependedon

165.Thenewbuildingattheendofhisyearbelongstotheuniversity.

A.becompletedB.tobecompletedC.beingcompletedD.tocomplete

166.I’mverysorryforwhathashappened;thebadresultoughttoouttothoseattheverybeginning.

A.havebeenpointed;concernedB.havepointed;concerned

C.point;concernedD.bepointed;concerning

167.Helenisalwaysthefirsttotheoffice.

A.comesB.comingC.tocomeD.whocame

168.Heisamanhard.

A.dealwithB.dealtwithC.todealwithD.dealingwith

169.Ifeltitanhonourtospeakhere.

A.toaskB.askingC.tobeaskedD.havingasked

170.aforeignlanguage,onemusthavealotofpractice.

A.FormasteringB.MasteringC.TomasterD.Soastomaster

171.Tosucceedinpassingtheexam,.

A.oneneedstobediligentB.diligenceisneeded

C.oneneedsbeadiligentpersonD.diligenceiswhatoneneeds

172.Hemadealongspeechhisignorance(无知)ofthesubject.

A.onlytoshowB.onlyshowingC.showingD.enoughtoshow

173.MrBrownissaidanewnovel.

A.towritingB.tohavebeenwritten

C.tobewrittenD.tohavewritten

174.Theoldmanissaidasailorwhenhewasyoung.

A.tohavebeenB.thathewasC.tobeD.ofbeing

175.withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,histailtotherain.

A.Trembling;exposingB.Trembled;exposed

C.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposed

176.Itwassoapoemthatquiteafewchildrenweretotears.

A.moved;movedB.moving;movingC.moving;movedD.moved;moving

177.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,youmustpractiseiteveryday.

A.speaking;speakingB.spoken;speaking

C.spoken;aspeakD.speaking;sospeak

178.Doyouknowthegirlatthebackoftheclassroom?

A.seatedB.seatingC.sitD.sat

179.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,MrZhou.

A.includingB.beingincludedC.toincludeD.included

180.Thetwofarmerswhatappearedtobesmallgunsforcedtheenemyofficertohandinhismap.

A.carriedB.werecarryingC.carryingD.hadcarried

181.Thestory-bookwasborrowedfromthelibrary.

A.whichitisonthedeskB.whichonthedesk

C.isonthedeskD.lyingonthedesk

182.Amanisoftenafraidof.

A.dying;deadB.dead;deathC.dead;dyingD.dying;death

183.Thewheatfieldsareirrigatedbywaterfromapondthroughbamboopipes.

A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.bringing

184.Sixninemakesfifteen.

A.addedtoB.addstoC.addeduptoD.addedby

185.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttodrinkmorewater.

A.boilingB.boiledC.coldD.beingboiled

186.Thelecturerwillbeheretomorrow.

A.totalkaboutsomuchB.tobetalkingaboutsomuch

C.somuchtalkingaboutD.somuchtalkedabout

187.Thelanguageforspeakingonthetelephoneissimilartothatofordinaryconversation.

A.isusedB.isusingC.usedD.using

188.“Look,”Marysaid,“thebuildingisourlibrary.”

A.isrepairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepairing

189.Thequestionatpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.

A.tobediscussingB.todiscussC.beendiscussedD.beingdiscussed

190.Therearealotofpeasantsinthericefields.

A.whoworksB.whoworkedC.workD.working

191.Hewassittingthere,indeepthought.

A.loseB.lostC.lossD.losing

192.thebookstore,hehestoppedafewbooks.

A.Passing;buyingB.Passing;tobuy

C.Topass;buyingD.Havingpassed;tobuy

193.verysmall,computersarewidelyused.

A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Being

194.manytime,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.

A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold

C.HehadbeentoldD.Havingtold

195.hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenhearingD.Whensheheard

196.Walkingdownthestreettheotherday,.

A.IsawunusualsomethinghappenedB.aterribleaccidenthappened

C.somethingunusualwasseenbymeD.Isawaterribleaccident

197.inthefog,wewereforcedtospendtwohoursinthewoods.

A.ToloseB.LosingC.LostD.Havinglost

198.inwhite,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.

A.WearingB.DressingC.DressedD.Havingdressed

199.fromthehill,thelittlevillagelooksallthemorebeautiful.

A.ToseeB.BeingseenC.SeeingD.Seen

200.,theoldmanislivingahappylife.

A.TakinggoodcareB.Takengoodcare

C.HavingtakengoodcareD.Takengoodcareof

201.theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.

A.SincethekeyhaslostB.Thekeybeenlost

C.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey

202.wheretogo,heaskedapolicemantheway.

A.HavinglosthiswayandnotknowingB.Losinghiswayanddidn’tknow

C.LosthiswayandnotknowingD.Losthiswayanddidn’tknow

203.fromhersonforalongtime,shedecidedtowritetohim.

A.NothavingheardB.Havingnotheard

C.NothearingD.Hearingnot

204.totheparty,Joanwasgreatlyhurt.

A.HavingnotbeenininvitedB.Nothavingbeeninvited

C.HavingnotinvitedD.Nothavinginvited

205.Thenovelissaidintomanylanguage.

A.tobetranslatedB.beingtranslated

C.tohavebeentranslatedD.havingbeentranslates

206.totheleftandyou’llseethepostoffice.

A.ToturnB.TurningC.TurnedD.Turn

207.theairporttheywavedagainandagaintome.

A.WhenleavingB.WhenleaveC.WhentoleaveD.Whenleft

208.Whenintoawarmroom,theicesoonchangedtowater.

A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.taken

209.Lookroundwhenthestreet.

A.crossB.crossingC.crossedD.tocross

210.When,icechangesintowater.

A.toheatB.heatingC.heatedD.theyareheated

211.madehermotherveryangry.

A.Helen’smarriedJackB.HelenhasmarriedJack

C.HelenmarryingJackD.Helen’smarryingJack

212.Thesituationismorethanever.I’maboutwhattodonest.

A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzling

C.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling

213.ThenewsJim.Hewasatthenews.Hefoundthenews.

A.surprised;surprised;surprisingB.surprised;surprising;surprised

C.surprising;surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprising;surprised

214.Chinaisacountrytothethirdworld.

A.developed;belongsB.developing;belonging

C.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged

215.Theoldmanwalkedinthestreet,.

A.followedbyhissonB.followedhisson

C.andfollowinghissonD.andfollowingbyhisson

[参考答案]

1-5CDDBA6-10CBDDC11-15CCAAD16-20CBBAD21-25DDDCD

26-30BAACC31-35ABBBA36-40ABABB41-45DCBCA46-50BACDD

51-55BDBBB56-60CBCDB61-65BDBDA66-70AADCD71-75CACCC

76-80DDBBA81-85DBBAB86-90CBACB91-95ABDAA96-100DDADA

101-105BBDDD106-110ADCBA111-115BAABD116-120CDCCC121-125ADCDC

126-130CCDCB131-135DCCCB136-140CABAD141-145ACDAB146-150CDBBD

151-155CDCAB156-160ACCDA161-165CCCDB166-170ACCCC171-175AADAA

176-180CBADC181-185DDCAB186-190DCBDD191-195BBDCD196-200DCCDD

201-205DAABC206-210DADBC211-215DCABA

2018中考英语易错知识点辨析:非谓语动词


2018中考英语易错知识点辨析:非谓语动词

不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it”来代替,称为形式主语,真正主语(不定式)放在句尾。

如:

Collectinginformationaboutchildrenshealthishisjob.

收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。

Itsnecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。

(2)常用不定式作主语的句型有:

①Itsdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo...

②Itskind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo...

(3)常用动名词作主语的句型有:

①Itsnogood(use,fun)doing...

②Itisawasteoftimedoing...

02、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

2018中考英语易错知识点辨析:非谓语动词

Theystoppedtosmokeacigarette.

他们停下来,抽了根烟。

Imuststopsmoking.

我必须戒烟了。

Dontforgettocometomorrow.

别忘了明天来。

Heforgotturningthelightoff.

他忘记他已经关了灯了。

Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

记着放学后去趟邮局。

Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?

你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

Iregrettotellyouthatyoucantpasstheexamination.

我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。

Iregretdisturbingyousolong.

我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。

Pleasetrytofinishthisworkinthirtyminutes.

请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。

Whydidntyoutryridingabiketogotoschool?

为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?

Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.

我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。

Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。

03、动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别

(1)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等动词既可跟不带to的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补。跟不带to的不定式做宾补表事情全过程或一次性动作;跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。

如:

IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.

刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.

昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。

04、现在分词和过去分词的区别

(1)语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。

如:

anexcitingstory

一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)

theexcitedlisteners

激动的听众(被动,即被引起激动的)

amovingfilm

一部感动人的影片

amovedaudience

受感动的观众

(2)时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。

如:

thechangingworld

正在变化着的世界

thechangedworld

已经起了变化的世界

developingcountries

发展中国家

developedcountries

发达国家

05、havesb.dosth.;havesb.doing;havesth.done辨析

(1)havesb.dosth.

“have+sb.(宾语)+dosth.(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的dosth.是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。

如:

Illhavesomeonerepairthebikeforyou.

我会让人为你修理自行车的。

(2)havesb./sth.doing

“have+sb./sth.(宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人一直做某事或让某种情况一直发生”。宾语sb./sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:

Donthavethedogbarkingmuch.

别让狗狂吠不停。

(3)havesth.done

“have+sth.(宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。

如:

Hehashadhishaircut.

他(请人给他)理发了。

6含doing的常见短语

havedifficulty/trouble/problem/fun//agoodtime+(in)+doing;

feellikedoing

=wouldliketodo想要做某事;

spendtime(in)doingsth花费时间做某事;

go+doing表示“从事某项活动”;

bebusydoing忙着做……;

makeacontributiontodoing为……作贡献;

lookforwardtodoing期待……;

preferdoingtodoing比起做……更喜欢做......;

beusedtodoing习惯于……

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