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Unit1　Greatscientists
BriefStatementsBasedonThisUnit
ThisunitcentersonGreatscientists,includingsomescientistsbothathomeandabroadlikeJohnSnowandCopernicus.Thestudentsshouldbeencouragedtopractisetalkingaboutthesescientists.
Thewholeunitcanbedividedintosevenparts:warmingup,reading,listeningandspeaking,languagefocusing,readingandwriting,grammar,andassessment.?
Inwarmingup,thereisaquizforthestudentstodo,whichwillarousethestudents’interestinknowingaboutthefamousscientistsandhelpthestudentstoknowscienceisveryimportantinourdailylife.Groupdiscussionandbrainstormingwillbeusedinthisperiodtohelpthestudentstocommunicatewitheachotherusingtheirpreviousknowledge.
Inthereadingpassage,thestudentswilllearnaboutJohnSnow,whodefeats“KingCholera”,andgetageneralideaabouthowtoexamineanewscientificidea.Thiswillhelpthestudentstoformtheirownattitudetowardsscience.
Inlearningaboutlanguage,thestudentsareencouragedtolearnthefollowingwordsandexpressions:engine,characteristic,radium,theory,scientific,examine,conclude,analyzerepeat,defeat,attend,expose,cure,control,absorb,severe,valuable,blame,immediately,handle,announce,instruct,virus,construction,contribute,positive,movement,backward,complete,enthusiastic,spin,reject,view,steamengine,putforward,drawaconclusion,inaddition,link...to...,bestrictwith,leadto,makesense,pointofview.
Whilepractisingusingthelanguage,thestudentswilllearnaboutCopernicus’RevolutionaryTheory,andtheirskillsofreading,speakingandwritingwillbeimproved.?
Inlisteningandspeaking,morechanceswillbegiventothestudentstolearnaboutotherscientistsandtheirspirit.Thestudentsareencouragedtomakeuptheirmindtomakecontributionstoscience.
ThestudentswillbeaskedtowritealettertoCopernicusonthebasisoftheunderstandingofthetext.Thelettersaresuretobefullofimaginationandcreativity.?
Assessmentwillhelpthestudentstolookbackwhattheyhavelearnedandfocusonthedifficultandimportantpoints.
So,thisunitwillbedividedintosevenperiodsasfollows:?
Period1　WelcometotheUnit?
Period2　Reading?
Period3　ListeningandSpeaking?
Period4　ReadingandWriting?
Period5Grammar?
Period6　LanguageFocusing?
Period7　Assessment?
Knowledgeaims:
Keywordsinthisunit:engine,characteristic,radium,theory,scientific,examine,conclude,analyze,repeat,defeat,attend,expose,cure,control,absorb,severe,valuable,blame,immediately,handle,announce,instruct,virus,construction,contribute,positive,movement,backward,complete,enthusiastic,spin,reject,view.?
Keyphrasesinthisunit:putforward,knowabout,lookinto,inaddition,preventsth.fromdoing,leadto,makesense,punishsb.for,suggestdoingsth.steamengine,drawaconclusion,link...to...,bestrictwith,leadto,pointofview.
Keysentencepatterns:
1Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.
2Hegotinterestedintwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.?
3Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
Grammarinthisunit:
Pastparticipleusedasattributeandpredicative?
Abilityaims:
1.Totalkaboutgreatscientistsandtheirgreatachievements.?
2.Toguesswhatwillbetalkedaboutinthelisteningmaterials.?
3.Toimprovetheirreadingskills.?
4.Tolearntousepastparticipleasattributeandpredicative.?
Emotionaims:
Toencouragethestudentstolearnaboutsomegreatscientistsandtheirgreatachievements?andhowsciencehelpstoimproveoursocietyandchangeourlife.Meanwhile,inspirethestudentstolearnfromthescientistsandformtheirpositiveattitudetowardsscience.
Period1　WelcometotheUnit
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod
Theunitcenterson“greatscientists”.Thisisthefirstperiodofthisunit.Duringthisperiod,thestudentsshouldbeencouragedtogivetheirpreviousknowledgeofsomeofthefamousscientists,participateintheactivitiesinclassandtrytogetmoreinformationfromthediscussion.Theywilltakepartindifferentformsofactivities,includingpairwork,groupwork,competition,andquiz.Groupcompetitionwillbecarriedoutallthroughtheclass.?
Wordsandexpressionsinthisunitwillhelpthestudentstotalkaboutthetopic“greatscientists”.Soatthebeginningofthisperiod,theteachershouldspendsometimetrainingthestudentstoreadthemandhelpthestudentspronouncethemcorrectly.Thestudentsareencouragedtolearnthenewwordsingroupsbythemselves,usingdictionariesandotherreferencebooks.Thenmoretimeshouldbegiventothestudentstogetfamiliarwiththewordsandexpressions.Lastly,severalsentenceswillbegiventothestudentstohelpthemtoknowhowtousesomeofthephrases.
Thisunitisabout“greatscientists”,sofromtheverybeginning,theteachercan?encourage?thestudentstalkabouttheirdreamsinthefuture.Thentheteachercanletthestudentsbrainstormsomethingaboutgreatscientists.Thestudentsarefreetosayanythingthattheyknow.Thestudentswillbequiteinterestedinthistopic.Thisactivitygivesthestudentsachancetoexpresstheirfeelingsabouttheirfavoritescientist.Atthesametime,thisactivitycanstirthestudents’enthusiasminscience.
Thentheteachercanhavethestudentsmatchthefamousscientistswiththeirdiscoveries,inventionsortheories,makingsurethattheyhavesomecommonsenseaboutsomeworld-famousscientists.
Laterthestudentswillbedividedintoseveralgroups,describeoneofthegreat?scientists?andletotherstudentsguesswhoheorsheistalkingabout.Inthisway,thestudentsshouldlearntoorganizetheirownsentencesandexpresstheirideasclearly.?
Afterthat,thestudentswillfeelcomfortabletodothequizinthetext.Thestudentsshouldbeencouragedtogivemoreinformationaboutthesetenscientists.?
Meanwhile,thestudents’interestinscientistsandscienceshouldbecultivated.Sotwotopicdiscussionquestions,aswellasthepracticeexercisesaredesigned.?
Thepost-classactivitiesaredesignedtoarousethestudents’interestinscienceandencouragethemto“DIY—doityourself”intheirdailylifeiftheyhavesomedoubtinsomeareas.
TeachingImportantPoints
Havethestudentsdiscussgreatscientists.
Encouragethestudentstoholdtheirviewsabouttheirfuturecareer.?
Understandandlearnthefollowingwordsandexpressions:engine,characteristic,radium,theory,scientific,examine,conclude,analyse,repeat,defeat,attend,expose,cure,control,absorb,severe,valuable,blame,immediately,handle,announce,instruct,virus,construction,contribute,positive,movement,backward,complete,enthusiastic,spin,reject,view,steamengine,putforward,drawaconclusion,inaddition,link...to...,bestrictwith,leadto,makesense,pointofview.?
TeachingDifficulties
Whatcanwelearnfromthescientists??
Whatshouldwedoinourdailylifetodevelopourinterestandloveforscience??
TeachingAids
CAIequipmentwithaMulti-mediaclassroomandothernormalteachingtools.?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims
KnowledgeAims
Learnsomethingaboutsomefamousscientistsintheworld.?
Knowabouttheoutstandingdiscoveries,inventionsandtheoriesfromsomewell-knownscientists.
Trytounderstandandlearntheimportantwordsandexpressions.?
AbilityAims
Developthestudents’abilityofspeaking.?
Encouragethestudentstogivemoreinformationaboutthegreatscientists.?
EmotionalAims
Encouragethestudentstolearnmoreaboutthegreatscientistsandlearnfromthem.?
Helpthestudentstoformthegoodhabitinlearningandencouragethestudentstotakepartinsocialpractice.?
Helpthestudentstorealizethatitisscientificspiritthatmakesthosescientistssuccessful.
Encouragethestudentstodeveloptheirloveforscience.?
TeachingProcedure
Step1Greeting
Teacher:Hello,everyone.?
Teacher:Hello,Mr.../Ms...?
Step2Leadinw
T:I’mverygladtoseeyouallhere.Afteralongholiday,allofyoulookenergeticandhappy.Ihopethatwewillworkhardtogetherhappilyallthroughtheyear.Idobelievethatabrightfutureiswaitingforyou.Wearesuretorealizeourdreamsinthenearfuture.Bytheway,I’dliketoknowwhatyouwouldliketobeinthefuture.Letmeshareyourdreams.Anyonewhogivesyourideawillgetastarforyourgroup.Ready?Go!
S:IadmireYangLiweiverymuch,whoisagreathonourtoourmotherland.I’dliketobeanastronautlikehim.
T:Yeah,thespacecraft,ShenzhouV,orbitedtheearth14timesin21hours,makingChinathethirdcountrytohavesuccessfullysentanastronautintospace.Ihopeyouwillrealizeyourdream.
S:Iwanttobeadoctor.IhopeI’llbeanoutstandingoneandbeexpertinfindingcuresfordifferentkindsofcancers.?
T:That’sagoodidea.Therearesomanypatientswithcancersintheworld,whoaresufferingalot.Thankyou!?
S:IwanttobeanEnglishteacherlikeyou.Foronething,IlikeEnglishverymuch;foranother,youarenotonlystrictwithusbutalsopatientwithus.Youarejustourfriendsandmaybemorethanourfriendssometimes.?
T:I’mreallygladtohearthat.It’smygreathonortobeyourfriendsandIlikemyjobverymuch.
S:I’dliketobeanexpertinenvironment.Yousee,withthedevelopmentofindustry,ourglobeisseriouslypolluted.Dirtywater,pollutedair,andloudnoisemakeourlivingconditionsworse.Ithinkweshouldleaveabeautifulworldtothenextgeneration.?
T:Yes,someonepredictedthatthelastdropofwaterintheworldwouldbethetearofhumanbeing’s.Ithinkallofusshouldpayattentiontoourenvironment,andmakeourcontributionstoimprovingtheenvironment.?
S:I’msointerestedinphysics.AndIhavereadStephenHawking’sABriefHistoryofTime?twice.IhopeIwillbeascientistlikehim.Asweallknow,thedevelopmentofoursocietywillgohandinhandwiththedevelopmentofscience.
T:Yeah,Ican’tagreewithyoumore.Scienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofoursociety.Therearesomanyexamplesinthehistoryofhumanbeings.
Ss:...　
T:I’msogladtoshareyourdreams.Yourambitionandcarefulthoughtsreallyleaveagoodandamazingimpressiononme.Ilikethem.Inthisunit,youwilllearnsomethingabout“Greatscientists”.Maybeyouwillknowwhatyouneedinyoureffortstorealizeyourdreamsafterwetalkaboutsomeworld-famousscientists.Beforewecometo“Warmingup”,I’dlikeyoutocometothenewwordsinthisunit,whichwillhelpyoutolearnthisunit.?
Step3Wordpuzzles
T:OpenyourbooksandturntoPage92.Let’sreadthewordsandexpressionstogether.?
(Letthestudentsreadthewordsandexpressionstogether.Helpthempronouncethenewwordsandexpressionscorrectly.Latergivethemsometimetopractisereadingandremembersomeeasyandimportantones.Givemorehelptothosewhoarepoorinpronunciation.)?
T:Herearesomedefinitionsofsomeofthewordsfromthisunit.Pleaseworkinpairsandmatchthewordswiththeirdefinitions.(groupcompetition)?
WordsDefinitionsorexplanations
A.examine1.generalprinciplesofanartorscience?
B.repeat2.sayordoagain?
C.theory3.atonce;withoutdelay?
D.immediately4.lookat...carefullyinordertolearnaboutorfrom...?
E.complete5.ofgreatvalue,worthoruse?
F.valuable6.havingallitsparts;whole;finished?
G.announce7.makeknown?
H.control8.comeorbringtoanend?
I.positive9.powertoorderordirect?
J.conclude10.quitecertainorsure
T:Now,let’schecktheanswers.A—4,B—2,C—1,D—3,E—6,F—5,G—7,H—9,I—10,J—8.Youhavedoneagoodjob.Iwillgiveyousomemoreminutestogooverallthewordsandexpressionsandthenfillintheblankswithproperformsofsomeofthemfromthisunit.?
1.“AllroadsleadtoRome,”heencouragedmeafterIfailedtheentranceexamination.?
2.Thissentencedoesn’tmakeanysense.?
3.OurEnglishteacherisnotonlystrictwithusbutalsofriendlytous.?
4.Heisgood-looking,apartfromhisnose.?
5.Itisannouncedthatthespacecraft,ShenzhouⅥ,landedontheearthsuccessfully.?
6.ItisnotTombutyouwhoaretoblame.?
7.In1995,theChinesegovernmentputforwardaplanfor“rejuvenatingthenationbyrelyingonscienceandeducation”.AndithashelpedChinesescientistsmakemanybreakthroughs.?
8.Haveyoudrawnanyconclusionafteryoureadthispassage?
T:Welldone.Somuchforthelearningofthenewwordsandexpressions.?
Step4Brainstorming
T:Nowlet’scometothetitleofthisunitGreatscientists.Whenwetalkaboutgreat?scientists,whatwillcomeintoyourmind(s)?Wewillgoonourcompetition.?
S1:MadameCurie,whogottwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsandtheotherforchemistry,isreallyoutstandingamongallthewomenscientists.?
S2:ItremindsmeofthegreatinventornamedThomasAlvaEdisonandoneofhisfamous?sayings“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.”
S3:Yes,weleadabetterlifenowwiththehelpofscience.WithoutEdison,maybenowwearestilllivinginadarkworld.Theyreallymakeourlifeeasierandmorecomfortable.?
S4:IalsothinkofoneofthequotesfromAlbertEinstein,“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”
S5:Allthescientistsaredevotedtothecareerthattheychoose,andtheysetgoodexamplestousinourwork.?
S6:Takeallthescientistsforexample,ifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture,weshouldnotonlylearnsomethingfromourtextbooks,butalsotakepartinsocialpracticeandgetclosetonaturetolearnmoreaboutit.?
S7:Ilikeplantsverymuch.Ijustthinkofthetwokeyscientistsinthefieldofbotany,CarlLinnaeusandJosephBanks.Theformeronelaidthefoundationfortheclassificationofplants,whilethelatteronealsomadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentanddirectionofbotany.
Ss:...　?
T:I’mgladtoseethatyouhaveagreatdealofpreviousknowledgeoffamousscientistsintheworld.
Step5Previousknowledge
T:Nowlet’smatchsomeofthegreatscientistswiththeirfamousdiscoveries,inventionsortheories.Letmeseewhoisthequickestinmindandactionandcangetalltheanswerscorrect.?
FamousscientistsDiscoveries/Inventions/Theories?
A.IsaacNewton1.Evolution(进化论)?
B.CharlesDarwin2.DiscoveryofRadium（镭）?
C.MadameCurie3.Newton’sLaw?
D.AlbertEinstein4.Electricbulb?
E.ThomasAlvaEdison5.TheoryofRelativity?
F.NicolausCopernicus6.Seismograph?
G.StephenHawking7.ABriefHistoryofTime?
H.ZhangHeng8.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.?
(Checktheanswerswithallthestudents:A—3,B—1,C—2,D—5,E—4,F—8,G—7,H—6.)
T:Sinceyouhaveabetterunderstandingofsomeofthegreatscientists,let’splayagame.Pleaseworkingroupsanddescribeoneofthegreatscientists,andthenletotherstudentsguesswhoyouaretalkingabout.?
Group1:Intheeighteenthcentury,therelivedagreatscientistwhoconductedanumberofexperimentsinwhichheshowedwhatelectricityis.Oncehedidafamouskiteexperimentonastormyday,andprovedthatlighteningandelectricityarethesamething.?
S:BenjaminFranklin.
Group2:ItissaidthatthisEnglishgentlemanwassittinginhisgardenonedaywhensuddenlyhewashitbyafallingapple.Thestoryisprobablynottrue,butthismandidmentionthathegotoneofhisbest-knownideaswhilewatchingapplesfallfromatree.Hisnamemakesyouthinkthathewasnottoointerestedinoldthings.He?discovered?theforceofgravity,andhedrewupasystemofhowobjectsmove.Hislawsformotionarestillusedinphysicstoday,atleastinschoolsanduniversities.?
S:SirIssacNewton.
Group3:Foodiswhatsetsthisgreatmindonfire.Rice,tobeexact.Thisgreatmindhasspentmostofhislifelookingforwaystohelpfarmersgrowmorericesothatallofuswillhaveenoughfoodtoeat.Heisknownasthefatherofmodernrice,butbecauseofhislongfriendshipwithallthefarmersinChina,hewouldratherbeknownas“thefarmer”.?
S:YuanLongping.?
Group4:Hewasbornon8January1942inOxford,England.Hehasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheuniverse.HeshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.Hehasthreepopularbookspublished:hisbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssaysandmostrecentlyin2001,TheUniverseinaNutshell.?
S:StephenHawking.?
Ss:...
T:Welldone.?
Step6Quiz
T:Youhavealreadyknownsomeinformationaboutsomeofthegreatscientists.Nowlet’sdoaquiz,tryingtofindoutwhothesescientistsare.?
QuizQuestions
1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?
2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?
3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine??
4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedformparentstotheirchildren??
5.Whodiscoveredradium??
6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities??
7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople??
8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground??
9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened??
10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes??
Checktheanswerswiththestudents.?
1.Archimedes　2.CharlesDarwin　3.JamesWatt　4.GregorMendel?5.MadameCurie?6.Faraday　7.Leonardodavinci　8.HumphreyDavy?9.ZhangHeng?10.StephenHawking
T:Pleaseworkingroupsandhaveadiscussiontofindasmuchinformationaspossibleaboutthesetengreatscientists.?
(Theteacherhadbetterjoininthediscussionandgivethemsomeguidancewhenevernecessary.Afterthediscussion,asksomestudentstogiveashortreportaboutwhatthegrouphavediscussed.)?
(Refertotheinformationaboutthesescientistsbelow,andvariousanswersarepossible.)?
Step7Practice
T:Todaywehavelearnedalotaboutgreatscientistsintheworld.Wecanlearnfromthemtoliveourdreams.Andweteachersaretoowillingtohelpyou.Inyouropinion,whatshouldourschool/teachers/studentsdototapthestudents’potential??
S:Ourschoolshouldgivethestudentsmorechancestotakepartinsocialpractice.?
S:Ourteachersshouldhelpthestudentsusetheirimaginations.?
S:Westudentsshouldsolvetheproblemsonourown.
(Askmorestudentstogivetheiropinions.Theteachershouldencouragethem,jointhem,praisethem,andmakecommentsontheirideas.)?
Step8Discussion(GroupCompetition)
T:Yourideasaresowonderfulandamazing.Iadmirethemverymuch.Nowlet’scometoourtopic.
Topic1:Whatcanyoulearnfromthesescientists??
Topic2:Whatqualitiesshouldwehavetobeasuccessfulman??
(Givethestudentsseveralminutestohaveadiscussion.Thenletthemhaveagroupcompetition.)
Step9Summingup
T:Inthisperiod,wehavetalkedalotaboutgreatscientists.Youhavealotofpreviousknowledgeandyouarefullofimaginationandcreativity.Thosescientistssetgoodexamplestous.AndIthinkallofusarehappyaboutlearningmoreofthem.Afterclass,it’sbettertoreadsomebooksaboutthemandyoucansurftheInternettogetmoreinformation.AndI’dlikeyoutomakea“ScientistsAlbum”inthefollowingweek.?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit1　Greatscientists
Period1　WelcometotheUnit
Brainstorming
ResearchandActivities
DIY

1.Coveraglassofwaterwithapieceofthickpaper.Putonehandonthepaperandturntheglassupsidedown.Slowlytakeyourhandaway.Whathappens?Why??
2.Filloneglasswithfreshwaterandanotherglasswithsaltwater.Putanicecubeineachglass.Whathappens?Why?
3.Findoutasmanyfamoussayingsfromthosescientistsaspossible.
ReferenceforTeaching
1.CharlesDarwinwasborninShrewsbury(shropshire)toamoderatelywealthyfamilywithastrongintellectualheritage.Hisgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,wasaphysician,poetandbiologistwholaidsomeofthegroundworkforthegrandson’srevolutionaryideas.CharlesattendedChrist’sCollegeatCambridgewithinitialthoughtsofenteringtheclergy,butsoontookupstudiesinbiology,zoologyandgeology.From1831to1836,heservedasanaturalistaboardtheHMSBeagleonitsscientificmissiontoSouthAmericaandthePacific.BackinEngland,hepublishedaseriesofscientifictreatiseswhichestablishedhisreputationasoneoftheprominentthinkersofhisday.From1842onwards,helivedonacountryestateinKentandpursuedhisstudiesamongitsgardensandlivestock.?
By1844,hehadwrittentheinitialdraftofhisgroundbreakingtreatiseonevolutionandnaturalselection.However,heleftthisworkunpublishedforseveralyears,preferringtorefineandelaborateitscoreideas.In1858,hereadaforthcomingpaperbyafellowscientistAlfredRussellWallacewhosethesiscloselyparalleledDarwin’sownunpublishedideas,aneventwhichpushedDarwintogopublicwithhisownresearch.BothWallace’sandDarwin’spaperswerepresentedtotheLinneanSocietyinafamousJuly,1858meeting.DarwinpublishedTheOriginofSpeciesbyMeansofNaturalSelectionin1859,sparkingdecadesofcontentiousdebatewhichultimatelyledtotheuniversalscientificrecognitionofDarwin’sthesis.Inlateryears,hedevelopedhisideasfurtherinmonographsondifferenttypesofplantandanimallife.
Notes:
Shrewsbury:什鲁斯伯里[英国英格兰西部城市]?
physician:内科医生(注意区分physicist,物理学家)?
revolutionary:创新的?
HMS:（英国）皇家海军舰船(Her/HisMajesty’sShip)?
treatises:论文?
2.StephenWilliamHawkingwasbornon8January1942(300yearsafterthedeathofGalileo)inOxford,England.Hisparents’housewasinnorthLondon,butduringtheSecondWorldWarOxfordwasconsideredasaferplacetohavebabies.Whenhewaseight,hisfamilymovedtoStAlbans,atownabout20milesnorthofLondon.AtelevenStephenwenttoStAlbansSchool,andthenontoUniversityCollege,Oxford,hisfather’soldcollege.StephenwantedtodoMathematics,althoughhisfatherwouldhavepreferredmedicine.MathematicswasnotavailableatUniversityCollege,sohedidPhysicsinstead.AfterthreeyearsandnotverymuchworkhewasawardedafirstclasshonoursdegreeinNaturalScience.
StephenthenwentontoCambridgetodoresearchinCosmology,therebeingno-oneworkinginthatareainOxfordatthetime.HissupervisorwasDenisSciama,althoughhehadhopedtogetFredHoylewhowasworkinginCambridge.AftergaininghisPh.D.hebecamefirstaResearchFellow,andlateronaProfessorialFellowatGonvilleandCaiusCollege.AfterleavingtheInstituteofAstronomyin1973StephencametotheDepartmentofAppliedMathematicsandTheoreticalPhysics,andsince1979hasheldthepostofLucasianProfessorofMathematics.Thechairwasfoundedin1663withmoneyleftinthewilloftheReverendHenryLucas,whohadbeentheMemberofParliamentfortheUniversity.ItwasfirstheldbyIsaacBarrow,andthenin1663byIsaacNewton.
StephenHawkinghasworkedonthebasiclawswhichgoverntheuniverse.WithRogerPenroseheshowedthatEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityimpliedspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangandanendinblackholes.TheseresultsindicateditwasnecessarytounifyGeneralRelativitywithQuantumTheory,theothergreatScientificdevelopmentofthefirsthalfofthe20thCentury.Oneconsequenceofsuchaunificationthathediscoveredwasthatblackholesshouldnotbecompletelyblack,butshouldemitradiationandeventuallyevaporateanddisappear.Anotherconjectureisthattheuniversehasnoedgeorboundaryinimaginarytime.Thiswouldimplythatthewaytheuniversebeganwascompletelydeterminedbythelawsofscience.?
HismanypublicationsincludeTheLargeScaleStructureofSpacetimewithGFREllis,GeneralRelativity:AnEinsteinCentenarySurvey,withWIsrael,and300YearsofGravity,withWIsrael.StephenHawkinghastwopopularbookspublished:hisbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,andhislaterbook,BlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays.?
ProfessorHawkinghastwelvehonorarydegrees,wasawardedtheCBEin1982,andwasmadeaCompanionofHonourin1989.Heistherecipientofmanyawards,medalsandprizesandisaFellowofTheRoyalSocietyandaMemberoftheUSNationalAcademyofSciences.?
StephenHawkingcontinuestocombinefamilylife(hehasthreechildrenandonegrandchild),andhisresearchintotheoreticalphysicstogetherwithanextensiveprogrammeoftravelandpubliclectures.
3.HumphryDavy,awoodcarver’sson,wasborninPenzancein1778.AfterbeingeducatedinTruro,DavywasapprenticedtoaPenzancesurgeon.In1797hetookupchemistryandwastakenonbyThomasBeddoes,asanassistantathisMedicalPneumaticInstitutioninBristol.Hereheexperimentedwithvariousnewgasesanddiscoveredtheanestheticeffectoflaughinggas(nitrousoxide).
DavypublisheddetailsofhisresearchinhisbookResearches,ChemicalandPhilosophical(1799).ThisledtoDavybeingappointedasalecturerattheRoyalInstitution.Hewasatalentedteacherandhislecturesattractedlargeaudiences.?
In1806DavypublishedOnSomeChemicalAgenciesofElectricity.Thefollowingyearhediscoveredthatthealkalisandalkalineearthsarecompoundsubstancesformedbyoxygenunitedwithmetallicbases.Healsousedelectrolysistodiscovernewmetalssuchaspotassium,sodium,barium,strontium,calciumandmagnesium.?
DavywasnowconsideredtobeBritain’sleadingscientistandin1812wasknightedbyGeorgeⅢ.Withhisassistant,MichaelFaraday,Davytravelledabroadinvestigatinghistheoryofvolcanicaction.?
In1815HumphryDavyinventedasafetylampforuseingassycoalmines,allowingdeepcoalseamstobemineddespitethepresenceoffiredamp(methane).ThisledtosomecontroversyasGeorgeStephenson,workinginacollierynearNewcastle,alsoproducedasafetylampthatyear.Bothmenclaimedthattheywerefirsttocomeupwiththisinvention.?
OneofDavy’smostimportantcontributionstohistorywasthatheencouragemanufacturerstotakeascientificapproachtoproduction.Hisdiscoveriesinchemistryhelpedtoimproveseveralindustriesincludingagriculture,miningandtanning.SirHumphryDavydiedin1829.
4.LeonardodaVinci(b.1452,Vinci,RepublicofFlorence[nowinItaly]—d.May2,1519,Cloux,Fr.),Italianpainter,draftsman,sculptor,architect,andengineerwhosegenius,perhapsmorethanthatofanyotherfigure,epitomizedtheRenaissancehumanistideal.HisLastSuppe(1495-1497)andMonaLisa(1503-1506)areamongthemostwidelypopularandinfluentialpaintingsoftheRenaissance.Hisnotebooksrevealaspiritofscientificinquiryandamechanicalinventivenessthatwerecenturiesaheadofhistime.?
5.MadamCurieisaFrenchprofessorofphysics.ShewasborninPolandin1867.In1891shewenttostudyinParisUniversitybecauseatthattimewomenwerenotadmittedtouniversitiesinPoland.WhenshewasstudyinginParis,shelivedapoorlife,butsheworkedveryhard.In1895shemarriedPierreCurie,andthentheyworkedtogetherontheresearchintoradioactivematter.Theydiscoveredtwokindsofradioactivematter—poloniumandradium.In1904sheandherhusbandweregiventheNobelPrizeforphysics.In1906Pierredied,butMariewentonworking.ShereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforChemistryin1911.SoshebecamethefirstscientistintheworldtowintwoNobelPrizes.
6.JamesWatt:Britishengineerandinventorwhomadefundamentalimprovementsinthesteamengine,resultinginthemodern,high-pressuresteamengine(patented1769).?
7.GregorMendelwasanAustrianbotanistandfounderofthescienceofgenetics.Throughyearsofexperimentswithplants,chieflygardenpeas,hediscoveredtheprincipleoftheinheritanceofcharacteristicsthroughthecombinationofgenesfromparentcells.?
8.Archimedes:Greekmathematician,engineer,andphysicist.Amongthemostimportantintellectualfiguresofantiquity,hediscoveredformulasfortheareaandvolumeofvariousgeometricfigures,appliedgeometrytohydrostaticsandmechanics,devisednumerousingeniousmechanisms,suchastheArchimedeanscrew,anddiscoveredtheprincipleofbuoyancy.
9.MichaelFaraday(September22,1791—August25,1867)wasaBritishscientist(aphysicistandchemist)whocontributedsignificantlytothefieldsofelectromagnetismandelectrochemistry.HealsoinventedtheearliestformofthedevicethatwastobecometheBunsenburner,whichisusedalmostuniversallyinsciencelaboratoriesasaconvenientsourceofheat.?
MichaelFaradaywasoneofthegreatscientistsinhistory.Somehistoriansofsciencerefertohimasthegreatestexperimentalistinthehistoryofscience.Itwaslargelyduetohiseffortsthatelectricitybecameaviabletechnology.TheSIunitofcapacitance,thefarad(symbolF)isnamedafterhim.

相关阅读

人教版高二英语必修5全册教案

一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性，作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够更好的找到学习的乐趣，帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？为满足您的需求，小编特地编辑了“人教版高二英语必修5全册教案”，希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

TheSixthPeriodWriting
Teachinggoals教学目标
1.Targetlanguage目标语言
重点词汇与短语
suggest,persuade,observation,contributions,achieve,devote...to
2.Abilitygoals能力目标
Enablethestudentstolearnthewayofpersuasivewritinganddescriptivewriting.
3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标
Learnhowtowriteapersuasivewritingandadescriptivewriting.
Teachingimportantpoints教学重点
Helpthestudentstolearntowriteapersuasivewritingandareport.
Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点
Howtowriteareportaboutascientistandhis/herjob.
Teachingmethods教学方法
Task-basedactivities.
Teachingaids教具准备
Acomputerandaprojector.
Teachingproceduresways教学过程与方式

StepⅠPresentation
Task1:Summarizethewayofwritingareport.
T:Nowclass,ifwewanttowriteareportaboutascientist,whatcontentsshouldweinclude?
S1:Thelifeofthescientist,suchashisbirthanddeathdates,hisfamily,hiseducation,hispersonality,hisachievementsandcontributions,hiskeyfactorstohissuccess.
T:Yes.Youareright.Andhowdowemakeanoutlineaboutit?
S2:Weshouldputthecollectedinformationunderthreeheadlines:life,achievementsandkeytosuccess.
Task2:Remindthestudentsofthewritingtechniquesandwritingfeaturesofareport.
Showthefollowingtothestudents.
Report
Formallanguagewithfewadjectives
Nospeechexceptquotations
Notemotional
Onlyonemaincharacter
Factualstructuredaccordingtoexperimentalmethod
Pasttenseandpassivevoice

Task3:Summarizethewayofpersuasivewriting.
T:Youknowifwewanttopersuadesb,wealwayswanttoreasonwithhimorher.Wemustdevelopourownideasandprovidesomeevidencetosupportourideassotherearealwaysthreestepstopersuadesomebodyelsetochangehisorherpointofview.Canyoupointoutwhatthethreestepsare?
S1:Ithinkthefirstistogiveyouropinionandidea.
S2:Thesecondistogivethereasonsandevidencetosupportyouridea.
S3:Thethirdistomakeaconclusion.
Showthefollowingtothestudents.
Apersuasivewriting
Formalorinformal,vividuseoflanguage
Speechtoshowfeelings,reactions,etc
Emotionalornotemotionaltodescribefeelingsandfacts
Onlytwomaincharacters
Factualorimaginativebasedonfact
Reasonandpersuadestepbystep
Presenttense

ThenaskthestudentstowriteashortletterasrequiredinExercise3.
Asampleversion:
DearNicolausCopernicus,
IamastudentstudyinghistoryandIwouldverymuchliketoreadyournewtheoryaboutthesolarsystem.Ihopeyouwillpublishitforseveralreasons.Iunderstandtheproblemswiththepresenttheory.Thewaytheplanetsmoveisnotwhatyouwouldexpectiftheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Itisalsooddthatthebrightnessofsomestarsseemstochange.SoIagreewithyouthatweneednewtheory.
Iknowyourobservationshavebeenverycarefullycarriedoutovermanyyears.Nowyoumusthavethecouragetopublishthem.Sciencecanneveradvanceunlesspeoplehavethecourageoftheirbeliefs.Iknowyouworryaboutwhatwillhappenifyoupublishyournewtheory.Nomatterhowpeopleopposeit,timewillshowifyourideasarerightorwrong.
SoIhopeyoucanpublishyournewtheory.

StepⅡWriting
Askthestudentstowriteareportaboutascientist.
Sampleversions(见附件3,4,5)

StepⅢHomework
AskthestudentstodotheProjectonpage47.

附件
1.Howtodoascienceresearch
Ascienceprojectisaninvestigationusingthescientificmethodtodiscovertheanswertoascientificproblem.Beforestartingyourproject,youneedtounderstandthescientificmethod.Thissectionusesexamplestoillustrateandexplainthebasicstepsofthescientificmethod.Thescientificmethodisthe“tool”thatscientistsusetofindtheanswerstoquestions.Itistheprocessofthinkingthroughthepossiblesolutionstoaproblemandtestingeachpossibilitytofindthebestsolution.Thescientificmethodinvolvesthefollowingsteps:doingresearch,identifyingtheproblem,statingahypothesis,con-ductingprojectexperimentation,andreachingaconclusion.

Research
Researchistheprocessofcollectinginformationfromyourownexperiences,knowledgeablesources,anddatafromexploratoryexperiments.Yourfirstresearchisusedtoselectaprojecttopic.Thisiscalledtopicresearch.Forexample,youobserveablackgrowthonbreadslicesandwonderhowitgotthere.Becauseofthisexperience,youdecidetolearnmoreaboutmoldgrowth.Yourtopicwillbeaboutfungalreproduction.(Fungalreferstoplant-likeorganismscalledfungi,whichcannotmaketheirownfood,andreproductionisthemakingofanewoffspring.)CAUTION:Ifyouareallergictomold,thisisnotatopicyouwouldinvestigate.Chooseatopicthatissafeforyoutodo.
Afteryouhaveselectedatopic,youbeginwhatiscalledprojectresearch.Thisresearchistohelpyouunderstandthetopic,expressaproblem,proposeahypothesis,anddesignoneormoreprojectexperiments—experimentsdesignedtotestthehypothesis.Anexampleofprojectresearchwouldbetoplaceafreshloafofwhitebreadinabreadboxandobservethebreadoveraperiodoftimeasanexploratoryexperiment.Theresultofthisexperimentandotherresearchgiveyoutheneededinformationforthenextstep—identifyingtheproblem.

Problem
Theproblemisthescientificquestiontobesolved.Itisbestexpressedasan“open-ended”question,whichisaquestionthatisansweredwithastatement,notjustayesorano.

Hypothesis
Ahypothesisisanideaaboutthesolutiontoaproblem,basedonknowledgeandresearch.Whilethehypothesisisasinglestatement,itisthekeytoasuccessfulproject.
Allofyourprojectresearchisdonewiththegoalofexpressingaproblem,proposingananswertoit(thehypothesis),anddesigningprojectexperimentation.Thenallofyourprojectexperimentingwillbeperformedtotestthehypothesis.
Dostatefactsfrompastexperiencesorobservationsonwhichyoubaseyourhypothesis.
Dowritedownyourhypothesisbeforebeginningtheprojectexperimentation.
Don’tchangeyourhypothesisevenifexperimentationdoesnotsupportit.Iftimepermits,repeatorredesigntheexperimenttoconfirmyourresults.

ProjectExperimentation
Projectexperimentationistheprocessoftestingahypothesis.Thethingsthathaveaneffectontheexperimentarecalledvariables.Therearethreekindsofvariablesthatyouneedtoidentifyinyourexperiments:independent,dependent,andcontrolledvariables.
Theindependentvariableisthevariableyoupurposelymanipulate(change).Thedependentvariableisthevariablethatisbeingobserved,whichchangesinresponsetotheindependentvariable.Thevariablesthatarenotchangedarecalledcontrolledvariables.
Dohaveonlyoneindependentvariableduringanexperiment.
Dorepeattheexperimentmorethanoncetoverifyyourresults.
Dohaveacontrol.
Dohavemorethanonecontrol,witheachbeingidentical.
Doorganizedata.

ProjectConclusion
Theprojectconclusionisasummaryoftheresultsoftheprojectexperimentationandastatementofhowtheresultsrelatetothehypothesis.
Ifyourresultsdonotsupportyourhypothesis:
DON’Tchangeyourhypothesis.
DON’Tleaveoutexperimentalresultsthatdonotsupportyourhypothesis.
DOgivepossiblereasonsforthedifferencebetweenyourhypothesisandtheexperimentalresults.
DOgivewaysthatyoucanexperimentfurthertofindasolution.
Ifyourresultssupportyourhypothesis:
Youmightsay,forexample,“Asstatedinmyhypothesis,Ibelievethatlightisnotnecessaryduringthegerminationofbeanseeds.Myexperimentationsupportstheideathatbeanseedswillgerminatewithoutlight.Aftersevendays,theseedstestedwereseengrowinginfulllightandinnolight.Itispossiblethatsomelightreachedthe‘nolight’containersthatwereplacedinadarkcloset.IfIweretoimproveonthisexperiment,Iwouldplacethe‘nolight’containersinalight-proofboxand/orwraptheminlight-proofmaterial,suchasaluminumfoil.”
2.Onwomenscientists:AspeechintheInternationalWomen’sDay
Womenthouhastencircledtheworld’sheartwiththedepthofthytearsastheseahastheearth.
Womeninyourlaughteryouhavethemusicofthefountainoflife.
Themessageisclear;itisinspiringandpresentsadeepphilosophy.Womenwouldbethechangeagentinthisfastmovingworld’ssocio-economicscenario.
WehaveassembledheretodaytocelebratetheInternationalWomen’sDayandalsotheYearofEmpowermentofWomen.
...
MadamCuriewhogottheNobelPrizejustaftertwoyearsofestablishmentoftheNobelFoundation—firstin1903inPhysicswhensheshareditandthenthesecondonein1911inChemistry,createdahistorybywinningtwoNobelPrizesinaspanof8years.Iamsure,thegrouphereisawareofthedifficultconditionsandlaboratoryarrangementsunderwhichsheworkedandyet,sheexcelled.
BiotechnologistscanneverforgettheworkofDorothyCrowfootHodgkinonCrystallographyleadingtothestructureoftheimportantbiologicalcrystals.ShewontheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1964.TheworkofBarbaraMcClintock,ageneticistwonhertheNobelPrizein1983.
Justassomeonesaid:“Developingcountriesthathavemaderemarkablesocialprogress,havedonesoprimarilythroughtheempowermentofwomen,whichhashadenormousimpactintermsofliteracy,healthandeconomicwellbeingoffamilies.”Whatweneedtodoistoensurethevaluablecontributionfrom50%ofourhumanresource.
...
Itisamatterofgreatpleasureforallofustoseethatthewomenarenotonlyconfinedtobiology,asubjectinwhichtheyhavebeencontributingsignificantly,theyarealsojoiningtheareasofphysicalsciencesandengineeringandperformingequallywell.
Somehow,inmanypartsoftheworldtoday,scienceandtechnologyinterventionshavetreatedwomenprimarilyasrecipientofknowledgeandhaveunderestimatedtheirimportanceasgeneratorsofinnovationsandasadynamicagentofeconomicandsocialchange.Inempoweringthewomenwithscientificandtechnologicalskills,womenscientistsandtechnologistshaveamajorrole.Biotechnologyandbiosciencesincludingmedical,agricultureandbasicresearchhaveopenedupnewopportunities.Theinvolvementofwomenscientistsandtechnologistsinphysicalsciences,especiallyintheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)datesbackto1903,theyworkedasexplorers,pioneersandinnovators.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,atleast25%oftheastronautsatNASAwerewomen,16%scientistsandengineers.
Ofcourse,itisextremelyimportantthatwomenscientistsandtechnologistsareappreciatedfortheirdualroleinthesocietywhilepursuingscientificresearchasacareer.Theyshouldalsonurtureandcherishtheirqualitiesofculture,compassion,courageandcreativity.Andaboveall,thecooperativespirit.Thefive‘Cs’arepersonifiedinwomen’spersonality.

3.CharlesDrawinOriginofSpecies
TheEnglishscientist,CharlesDarwinwasbornonFebruary12,1809,thesamedaythatAbrahamLincolnwasborn.Darwincausedachangeinthinkingaboutevolution,whereasLincolncausedachangeintheroleoftheblackslave,allowingtheblackmantobeafreemaninAmericansociety.
Darwin’sfathertriedtoinfluencehissontobecomeaworthystudentinschool.However,CharlesdidnotliketostudyLatinorGreek,whichwasrequiredforaclassicaleducation.Instead,hemadeasecretlaboratoryinhisfather’sgardenwherehecouldexperimentinchemistryandphysics.
Hisheadmasterhadaverylowopinionofhisscholarlyabilities.SohisfatherdecidedtosendhimtoEdinburgh,Scotland,tomedicalschool.However,Charlescouldn’tbearthesightofsurgicaldemonstrations.Onetime,achildwasbeingoperatedonwithoutanypainkilleroranesthesia.ThechildbegantoscreaminagonyandCharlesranfromtheroom.Thosescreamshauntedhismindformanyyears.
Sincehefailedatmedicalschool,hisfathersenthimtostudytheologyatChrist’sChurchatCambridgeUniversity.However,inhisownwords,hesaidhistimewassadlywasted“inplaying,drinking,singing,flirtingandcardplaying.”ButhefoundascienceprofessortherewhorecommendedhesailasanaturalistontheshipcalledhteBeagle.Thisshipwouldtravelfor5yearsexploringSouthAmericaandtheGalapagosIslandsoffthecoastofEcuadorinthePacificOcean.
Ontheseislands,heobservedtheworld’slargestturtles,theiguanalizards,andfinches,atypeofbird.Thesebirdswereondifferentislandsandvariedfromeachother,especiallyintheirbeaks.
Darwintookmanynotesonthislongadventure.WhenhereturnedtoEngland,hisbodywasbrokenandhewasessentiallyillfortherestofhislife.However,hecametotheinterestingconclusionthatcertainfinchesadaptedbettertotheirenvironmentinaprocesscallednaturalselection.Thosespeciesmorefittedtotheirenvironmentwouldbetheonesmostlikelytobreedandsucceedinproducingthenextgeneration.
In1859,hewroteOntheOriginofSpecies,whichbecamethemostsignificantbookeverwrittenonthetheoryofevolution.Hisideashavehadmoreinfluencethananyoneconcerninghowlivingspeciesdevelopedovertime.
Questions
1.Darwinfailedinthethreeschoolsof______.
A.Science,Philosophy,Medicine
B.theClassics,Medicine,Theology
C.History,Science,Medicine
D.theClassics,Language,Religion
2.Darwin’stheoryofevolutioncamefromhisstudyof_______.
A.giantturtlesB.finches
C.iguanalizardsD.manyanimals
3.OntheOriginofSpeciesisabout_______.
A.scientificdiscoveries
B.veryoldlifeforms
C.developmentovertime
D,animaldescriptions
Key:1-3BBC

4.MarieCurieRadiumandRadioactivity
MarieCurie(1867—1934)wasborninPoland.HerparentsgaveherthenameManyaSkladowska.SheadmiredherfatherwhowasamiddleschoolteacherofphysicsinthecityofWarsaw.
Hermotherwasanexcellentpianistandsomehavesaidshereceivedherbrainsfromherfatherandhergoodhandco-ordinationfromhermother.Shestudiedveryhardandwonthegoldmedalforacademicworkinherhighschool.Itwasthethirdtimeamemberofherfamilyoffourchildrenhadwonthefirstplaceprize.
Atthistime,PolandwascontrolledbyRussia.Herfatherwantedfreedomforhiscountryandwhenhevoicedhisopinions,helosthisteachingjob.Heneverregainedajobwithagoodsalaryagain,sohisfamilybecameverypoor.
Hermotherdiedwhenshewastenyearsold.Withoutmoney,itwasdifficultforthebrightSkladowskachildrentogotocollege.
Marie’soldersisterBronyawantedtostudyattheSorbonne,aFrenchuniversityinParis.Marieofferedtoworkasagovernesstopayforhersister’seducationifBronyawouldhelpMarieafterhergraduation.ThisdidoccurandMariestartedcollegeattheSorbonneattheageof25.
OnedayaPolishprofessorwasvisitingParisandMariecametohisapartment.TheyoungprofessorPierreCuriealsowasthere.Hewastheheadoftheuniversitylibraryofchemistryandphysics.Thetwobecamefriendsandlatermarried.
Theydidtheirresearchtogether.Theydiscoveredtwonewradiocativeelementsinpitchblendeores.Theywerecalledpoloniumandradium.Theyisolatedthepureelementsin1902andreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903.
InApril1906,Pierreslippedonwetpavementandwaskilledwhenaheavytruckranoverhim.Mariewasdeeplysaddened.However,shetookherhusband’spositionasaprofessorattheSorbonneandcontinuedherresearch.ShewasthefirstwomaninFrancetobecomeaprofessorinauniversity.
Mariegavethenameradioactivitytothepenetratingpowerofcertaintypesofwaves.In1911,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeforChemistry.Shediedfromradiumpoisoning,amartyrtoherownwork.
Questions
1.MarieCuriewasinspiredtostudysciencebecauseofher_______.
A.middleschoolteacherB.mother
C.sisterD.father
2.MariesharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsbydiscoverring_______.
A.twonewelementsB.uranium
C.radiumDpolonium
3.Amartyrtoherownworkmeansshe_______.
A.workedtoohard
B.diedinherlibrary
C.wasaffectedbyradiumrays
D.sacrificedherpersonallifeforherwork
Key:DAD

5.IssacNewton
Newton(1642—1727)wasanEnglishmathematicianwholaidthefoundationsforphysicsasamodernscientificdiscipline.Everyoneknowsthestorythatwhenhewassittingunderatree,hewatchedanapplefalltotheground.Ashethoughtaboutthereasonofitsfalling,hereasonedthatbothapplesandplanetsaresimilarinthattheyareobjectsthatrespondtoaforcethatattractsthem.Theyearofthisobservationwas1666whenhewas24yearsold.
NewtonwaseducatedatTrinityCollegeinCambridge.Hewassobrilliantthathewasofferedafullprofessorshipatage27inmathematics,alsoatCambridge.However,hedidn’tpublishhistheoryofplanetmovementfor21yearsbecauseeveryonethoughthisreasoningwasfaulty.Hetoldhisfriendsthathewouldprintnothingabouthisideasbecauseitwouldattracttoomuchattention,whichwouldinterferewithhisscientificwork.
However,in1687,hefinallypublishedathreevolumebookentitledMathematicalPrinciplesofNaturalPhilosophy.Today,itisconsideredthegreatestscientificworkeverwritten.
Newtonbelievedthatthelawofgravitymadetheuniverserunlikeahugeclock,asifdesignedbyamasterdesigner.ScientistswhoreadthisworkduringhislifetimedidnotbelieveNewton’stheoryofgravitationalpullwascorrect.OneclaimedthatNewtonwouldnothavetwentyfollowersofhisresearchinhislifetime.Actually,therewereevenless,becauseveryfewscientistsseemedinterestedinhiswork.
Newtonsaid,“Justgivemethemass,andthepositionofthemotionofasystemofheavenlybodiesatanygivenmomentandIwillcalculatetheirfuturepositionsandmotionsbyasetofrigidandunerringmathematicalcalculation.Iwillcalculatethetidesoftheoceansandthemotionsofthewatersandtheearth.Fortheearthattractsthemoonandthemoonattractstheearth,andtheforceofeachinturntendstokeeptheminastateofperpetualresistance.”
Newtonalsodevelopedthemathematicalsystemthatiscalledcalculus.Hisstudiesofwhitelightledtotheunderstandingthatlightismadeupofmanycolors.However,themostimportantwashistheoryofgravitationalpull,whichisthebasisofallflightsintospacetoday.
Questions
1.Inhislifetime,Newton’stheoryofgravitywas_______.
A.respectedB.strange
C.notbelievedD.welcomed
2.Newtonbelievedtheuniversewas_______.
A.formednaturallyB.runninginperfectorder
C.abigpuzzleD.difficulttoexplain
3.Themoonandtheearthstayinperfectbalancebecauseof_______.
A.attractionB.resistance
C.motionD.attractionandresistance
Key:1-3CBD

高二英语必修5unit3教案（牛津版）

俗话说，居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。教师要准备好教案，这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。您知道教案应该要怎么下笔吗？小编收集并整理了“高二英语必修5unit3教案（牛津版）”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！

英语必修5译林牛津版Unit3第1课时表格教案
主备人执教人授课日期班级
总课题M5U3总课时分课时1课型新授
课题M5U3Welcometotheunit
教学目标1.thinkmoreabouttherelationshipbetweenscienceandnature.
2.describesomeitemsandatmospherewithscientificterms.
3.expresstheiropinionsonclonedanimalsandhumansaswell.
4.developaninterestindoingmorereadingandresearchonthetopic.
教学重点Words,phrasesandsentencepatterns
教学难点Practicalusage
教具Blackboard,slidesandhandouts
教学内容教法学法
Teachingprocedures:
Step1Leadin(PPT4-7)
Playadialogueaboutheight-increasingoperationsandaskstudentstofillintheblanks.Aftercheckingtheanswers,allowsometimeforstudentstofreelyexpresstheiropinionsonheight-increasingoperations,thusintroducethemajortopic“scienceversusnature”。
[Explanation]
用一段有关增高术的听力引入主题，主要是考虑到这一切入点与实际生活较为贴近，比较容易让学生有话说，作为人类利用科学对自然的东西做出改变的一个典型例子可以顺其自然得引入本课主题。

Step2Scienceversusnature(PPT8)
1.Explaintheword“versus”(Twosidesareagainsteachother)
2.Brainstorming.Askstudentstothinkofothercasesinwhichsciencegoesagainstnature?TheteachercanintroducesomenewvocabularylikeGMfoodandplasticsurgerywhichmightbeusefulinlaterteaching.Showsomepicturestohelpthembetterunderstandthesethings.
Suggestedanswers:GMfood,cloning,dams,artificialrainfall,organtransplant,air-conditioner,cloudseeding,plasticsurgery,euthanasia,etc.
3.Allowstudentssometimetohavealightdiscussiononadvantagesanddisadvantagesofanyoftheabovecases.
4.Intermsofscienceversusnature,whatdoyouthinktherelationshipbetweenscienceandnatureshouldbelike?
(Bothadvanceinharmony)
[Explanation]
本节将主题定位在“科学对抗自然”，让学生了解了这一关系后，用头脑风暴的形式让学生从增高术联想起更多的现实生活中能体现这一关系的案例，如转基因食品，人工雨等。

Step3Cloning(PPT9-11)
1.DisplaypicturesofDollyandnormalsheeponthescreen.TellthemDollyisaclonedsheep.Butitlooksnodifferentfromnormalsheep.Showmorepicturesofclonedanimals(clonedcalves,pigs,monkeyandmule).Theirnamescanbeintroducedhere,whichmightarousestudents’moreinterest.
2.Introducetheconceptof“copy”.Askthestudentstothinkaboutthisquestion:Areclonedanimalsexactlythesameasthe“motheranimals”？
（Theymayhavethesameappearancebuttheirphysicalqualitiescanbeverydifferent.Manyclonedanimalsdiedatamuchyoungeragethanaverage.）
3.Interviewonestudentabouthisfeelingtowardsclonedanimalsbyaskingthefollowingthreequestions:1)Ifyouhappentohaveaclonedcat,howwouldyoufeel?(excited)2)Whatifanothercatwiththesameappearancecomestoyou?(surprisedandmoreexcited)3)Whatifmorecatswiththesameappearancecometoyou?(shockedandscared)
4.Interviewanotherstudentabouthisfeelingtowardsa“clonedhim”.Thenasktheotherstudentsiftheywouldliketoseea“clonedhim”andwhy.
5.Girlsversusboys.Askstudentstohavea2-minutedebateonwhetheritwouldbeagoodideatoclonehumanssomeday.
[Explanation]
本节将讨论的重点转向克隆。通过图片展示的方式让学生对克隆动物有个感性的认识，并引进“拷贝”的概念，与第二课时的阅读标题形成呼应。

Step4Summary(PPT12)
Giveabriefsummaryoftheirdebate.Pointoutanypossibleproblemsintheirdebatelikethelackofideasandsupportingpoints.Tellstudentsthatyouwillreadmoreaboutcloninginthefollowingperiodandwillhaveafurtherdiscussion.
[Explanation]
对学生的辩论进行简短的评价，一是评价学生的表现，二是让学生产生更多的兴趣去阅读，并且阅读的目的性更明确，从而能够保证阅读的成效。

教后记：

高考链接—拓展阅读

Tides(潮汐)arecreatedmainlybythepullofthemoonontheearth.Themoonspullcauseswaterintheoceanstobealittledeeperatapointclosettothemoonandalsoatapointfarthestfromthemoonontheoppositesideoftheearth.Thesetwotidal"Waves"followtheapparent(明显的)movementofthemoonaroundtheearthandstrikenearlyeverycoastlineatin-tervalsofabouttwelvehoursandtwenty-fiveminutes.Afterreachingahighpoint,thewaterlevelgoesdowngraduallyforalittlemorethansixhoursandthenbeginstorisetowardanewhighpoint.Hence,mostcoastlineshavetwotidesaday,andthetidesoccurfiftyminuteslatereachday.Differencesinthecoastlineandinchannelsintheoceanbottommaychangethetimesthatthetidalwavereachesdifferentpointsalongthesamecoastline.Tnedifferenceinwaterlevelbetweenhighandlowtidevariesfromdaytodayaccordingtotherelativepositionsofthesunandthemoonbecausethesunalsoexertsapullontheearth,althoughitisonlyabouthalfasstrongasthepullofthemoon.Whenthesunandthemoonarepullingalongthesameline,thetidesrisehigher,andwhentheypullatfightanglestooneanother,thetideislower.Theformationofthecoastlineandvariations(变化)intheweatherareadditionalfactorswhichcanaffecttheheightoftides.Somesectionsofthecoastareshapedinsuchawayastocausemuchhighertidesthanareexperiencedinotherareas.Astrongwindblowingtowardtheshoremayalsocausetidestobehigher.
1.Theheightofthetideisaffectedbyallofthefollowingexcept_________.
A.thepositionofthesun
B.thedirectionofthewind
C.variationsinthecoastline
D.channelsintheseabottom
答案：D指导：潮汐的高度受太阳、风向和海岸线差异的影响，海沟只影响潮汐的时间。由文中Differences．．．inchannelsintheoceanbottommaychangethetime.可知。
2.Ifthepullofthesunequaledthepullofthemoon,tideswould_________.
A.sometimesbehigherthantheyarenow
B.bethesameheightastheyarenow
C.nolongerbeaffectedbythewind
D.beofequalheightallthetime
答案：A指导：太阳对地球的吸引力只有月亮的一半(．．．itisonlyabouthalfasstrongasthepullofthemoon)如果相同并作用在一个方向上，潮汐会比目前高。本题必须正确理解设问的意思
3.Ifonehightideoccursat1:00a.m.,thenexthightideatthesamepointwilloccuratabout_________.
A.1:25a.m.thesameday
B.1:00p.m.thesameday
C.1:25p.m.thesameday
D.1:50a.m.thenextday
答案：C指导：潮汐12小时一次，每24小时向后延迟50分钟，题干中所给定的时间是12小时间段，故应是25分钟。

高二英语必修5unit1教案（牛津版）

英语必修5译林牛津版Unit1第1课时教案
Unit1Gettingalongwithothers
Period1Welcometotheunit
Teachinggoals
1．Targetlanguage
Discussfriendshipandpractiseagreeinganddisagreeing.
2．Abilitygoals
Enablethestudentstotalkaboutfriendsandfriendship，expressingtheirideasandgivetheir
opinions．
3.Learningabilitygoals
Helpthestudentslearnhowtotalkaboutgettingalongwithfriendsandfriendship.
Enablethestudentstolearnhowtoexpresstheirideasandgivetheiropinions．
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints
Guidethestudentstolearntoexpresstheirideasaboutgettingalongwithfriends，friendshipandcharacteristicsinafriendandsoon．
Teachingmethods
Discussing,pairworkandgroupwork．
Teachingaids
Acomputerandaprojector．
Teachingproceduresandways
StepILead-in
T：Goodmorning,boysandgirls!
Ss：Goodmorning,Mr．／Ms…
T：Inourdailylife，wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople．Whilegettingalongwithpeoplewemay
makefriendswiththem．Ithinkmostofyouhavegoodfriends,right?
Ss：Yes,ofcourse．
T:Whatkindofpersoncanyoucallhim/herafriend?Howdoyoudealwiththeproblemswithyourfriends?
(TheteachergivestheSsfiveminutestodiscussthequestionsandthenasksomeoftheSstoshowtheiropinionsfortheclass.)
Step2Welcometotheunit
Letthestudentstalkaboutsomeproverbsaboutfriendsandfriendshipandthenanswersome
questionsaboutthetopic．
T：OK!Now1willshowyousomeillustrationsandproverbsaboutfriendsandfriendship．Let’slookatthefourillustrationsandreadtheproverbundereachone．I’dliketodivideyouintofourgroups.eachgroupfocusingononeillustration．Youcanuseyourcommonknowledgeandexperiencetodescribeeachillustrationandtelluswhattheproverbmeansinyourownwords．NowI’dliketogiveyoufiveminutestodiscusstheillustrationsandproverbs.
Ss：Yeah!
Showthemonthescreen.Whilethestudentsarediscussing,movearoundtohelpthemifnecessary．
T：Timeisup．Areyouready?
Ss：Yes.
T：Who’dliketotellussomethingaboutthefirstpictureandthefirstproverb?
S：Letmehaveatry．Inthefirstpicturetwogirlaretalkinganddrinkinghappilyandtheclocktellsusthattheyhavebeendoingsoforthreehours．Theyareabsorbedintheconversation．Sotheproverb“Friendsarethievesoftime．”means.whenyouspendtimewithyourfriends,youalwaysfeelhowtimeflies．Itmeans朋友是时间的窃贼
T：Verygood．Group2．Whataboutyourdescription?
S：FromPicture2andtheproverb“Thebestmirrorisanoldfriend”，wecanknowthatanoldfriendislikeamirror,becauseanoldfriendistheonewhoknowsalmostallaboutyouOnlyheorsheknowsyoumost,especiallyyourstrengthandweakness.Itmeans老朋友如同最好的镜子
T：Youarequiteright.Weshouldtreasureourfriendshipwithfriends,especiallywitholdfriends．Nowwhoseturnisittogiveyourdescription?
……….
Picture3:Therearetwoboysinthepicture.Thetallerboyisgivingmoneytotheotherboyandtryingtopersuadehimtobehisfriend.Theshorterboylookspuzzled.Heisnotsurewhetherheshouldtakethemoneyornot.Truefriendshipispriceless.
Ifyoucanbuyaperson’s_friendship_,it’snotworthhaving.Itmeans如果你能买到一个人的友谊，那么这种友谊就根本不值得拥有.
Picture4:Truefriendshave_heartsthatbeatasone.Friendsunderstandeachotherfromthebottomoftheirhearts.Itmeans真正的朋友心灵相犀.
Step3Discussion
Askstudenttoreadthethreequestionsbelowthepicturestomakesurethateveryoneunderstandsthem.Askhemtodiscussthethreequestions.Thenasksomestudentstoreporttheiranswerstotheclass.
1.Doyouhaveabestfriend?Whydoyouthinkthatheorsheisyourbestfriend?
2.Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantcharacteristicsinafriend?
(Afriendissomeonewhoistrustworthy;yourespectandwhorespectsyou;ishonest,affectionateandloving;sharesyourhappinessandsorrow;acceptsyourdifferences;isdevotedandloyaltoyou;isselfless.)
3.Doyouthinkgoodfriendsshouldhavethesmeinterests?Whyorwhynot?
***************************************************
Step4languagepoints
1.Almosteveryonewantstomakefriendsanddevelopfriendshipswithothers.(Page1,Line1)
developvt.开发；使成长，使发达，发展；逐渐产生；逐渐养成；患（病）；vi.发展
Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.
HerfriendshipwithDaviddevelopedslowly.
developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展中的developmentn.发展；开发
经典回放
Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitisto______healthyeatinghabits.(2006湖北)
A.growB.developC.increaseD.raise
2.Whatdoyouthinktheproverbstellusaboutfriendshipandgettingalongwithothers?(Page1Line2)
该句为含有doyouthink结构的一个特殊疑问句.主语为theproverbs;谓语为tell;what为tell的直接宾语；about引导的介词短语作定语.
getalong相处；进展
getalong/onwithsb.与某人相处getalong/onwithsth.在某事上取得进展
Howareyougettingalongthesedays?
Heisalwaysgettingalong/onwellwithhisclassmates.
3.Ifyoucanbuyaperson’sfriendship,it’snotworthhaving.(Page1,picture3))
worthadj.“值”（后接价值数量词）；值得（后接名词、代词、动名词但不能接动词不定式
Thecarisworth1000dollars.
It’sworthourwork.
Thebookiswell（十分，很，不能用very）worthreading.
worthyadj.有价值的,值的。
注意下面结构：
beworthyof+名词beworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedone
这本书值得一读。
Thebookisworthreading.
Thisbookisworthyofbeingread.
Thisbookisworthytoberead.
4.Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantcharacteristicsinafriend?(Page1,question3)
这是一个带有插入语doyouthink的双重疑问句.what在句中做主语.
双重疑问句的结构为:疑问词+doyouthink/believe/expect/imagine/know+陈述语序的句子
Ticktherightsentences.
()Whodoyouthinkwillthemanagerhavegotherewithhim?
()Whodoyouthinkthatthemanagerwillhavegotherewithhim?
()Whodoyouthinkthemanagerwillhavegotherewithhim?
经典回放
Mumiscoming.Whatpresent______foryourbirthday?(福建)
A.youexpectshehasgotB.youexpecthasshegot
C.doyouexpectshehasgotD.doyouexpecthasshegot
************************************************************
Step5Summaryandhomework
T：Uptonowwehavediscussedsomuchonfriendsandfriendship．Everyoneneedsfriends．Wecanlivewithoutabrother，butnotwithoutafriend．Friendshipisveryimportantinourlife．Weshouldtreasureourfriendshipandkeepourfriendship．Weshouldalsolearnhowtodealwithothers,especiallywithourfriends..AfterclasspleasepreviewthetwolettersonPages2and3．

RecordafterTeaching:

高考早训练
第***套
短文改错(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误.对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右
边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Althoughallthestudentsseemveryhappilyatourschool,as66_________
farasweconcerned,thebuildingswouldbemorebeautiful67_________
iftheschoolcouldbedecorated.Westudentsthoughttheschool68_________
lookslikeadesertandtheconcretewallslikethegreyskyin69_________
arainyday.Wewouldbemuchhappierandareabletostudy70_________
betterifthewallsoftheschoolcouldbedecoratedwithposters,71_________
photosandpaintings,thatcouldcertainlybroadenourhorizons72_________
andenrichourlives.Originalartworkaretooexpensive,but73_________
unlesswebuyartposters,thecostwillbelow.Usingonlya74_________
littlemoney,itcanmakeourschoolanicerplace.75_________

参考答案、、短文改错
66.happily→happy67.we后加are68.thought→think
69.in→on70去are或are→be71.正确72.that→which
73.work→works74.unless→if75.it→we

高二英语必修5Unit1Grammar学案

俗话说，凡事预则立，不预则废。教师要准备好教案，这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生们有一个良好的课堂环境，有效的提高课堂的教学效率。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢？急您所急，小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“高二英语必修5Unit1Grammar学案”，大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢！

Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案
过去分词作定语和表语
--Lookattheexcitedboy!Why
ishesohappy?
--Hehasgotthefirstprizein
thecontest.
--Nowonderheisexcited!
一、过去分词作定语
1.前置定语
被动意义：
anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人
Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?
=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?
到现在为止，你已经得到多少成品？
完成意义：
aretiredworker一位退休的工人
Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.
孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
总结：________的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。
2.后置定语
Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.
=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.
眼见最好。
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.
=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
总结：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之______，作后置定语，作用相当于一个____________。
注意：
①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗？
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。
②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。
③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。?
fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶
adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家　
theboiledwater(凉）开水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、过去分词作表语
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
Hishairisnearlyallgone.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意：
①作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。
Theboatisbroken.
Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的过去分词：disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的过去分词：lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.
Thehappytimeisgone.
③过去分词作表语：强调____________________
被动语态：强调____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)

Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)

Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
Practice:
1.这本书很有趣。
2.他对这本书很感兴趣。
3.这个窗户破了。
4.这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。
5.站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。
6.他是位高级教师。
7.穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。

答案
一、
1.总结：单个；前；被动；完成
2.总结：后；定语从句
二、
情绪；状态
①被动；完成；状态
②情绪；状态
③主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
Practice:
1.Thebookisveryinteresting.
2.Heisveryinterestedinthebook.
3.Thiswindowisbroken.
4.Thiswindowwasbrokenbuthenaughtyboy.
5.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
6.Heisanadvancedteacher.
7.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

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