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高二第二学期
17.Wordsandtheirstories
18.Englishproverbs
19.Tipsonmakingapublicspeech
20.Keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
21.Makingfriends
22.Whatdoesfriendshipmeantowesterners?
23.Adjo
24.Ryan,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun
25.Thefatherofmodernphysics
26.Thesurvivalofthefittest
27.Miracleinthericefield
28.Newton’sthreeimportantlaws
29.Oliverwantsmore(AdaptedfromOliverTwistCharlesDickens)
30.Enjoytheclassics
31.Issheguilty?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePauperMarkTwain)
32.MarkTwain
高二第二学期
17.Wordsandtheirstories
EAGERBEAVERAneagerbeaverisapersonwhoisalwayswillingtodoandisexcitedaboutdoingwhatisexpectedofhim.
Suppose,forexample,thatateachertellshisstudentstheyeachmustsolveonehundredmathproblemsbeforecomingtoschoolthenextday.Thechildrencomplainaboutsomuchhomework.Butonestudentdoesnotprotestatall.Thatstudentisaneagerbeaver.Helovestodomathproblems,anddoesnotmindallthehomework.
Theexpressionissaidtohavecomefromthenameofahard-workinganimal---thebeaver.
Beaversarestrange-lookingcreatures.Theyspendalotoftimeinthewater,buildingdamstocreatelittlelakesorponds.Theyusetheirhugeteethandworkhardtocutdowntrees,removebranchesandputthemacrossstreams.Theyusetheirtailstopackmudonthebranchestomakethedamssolid.Fewotheranimalsworksohard.
HistorianssaythebeaverhadanimportantpartinthesettlementofNorthAmerica.
TherewerehundredsofmillionsofbeaverswhenEuropeansettlersfirstarrived.Thesettlersputgreatvalueonthefurofbeavers.Infact,fortwohundredyearsormore,beaversprovidedthemostvaluablefurinNorthAmerica.Beaverskinsoftenusedasmoney.
Youngmenlookingforadventureheadedwestacrossthecountrytosearchforbeavers.Intheirsearch,theyexploredmuchofthewesternterritories.Thetradingposts,wheretheyexchangedbeaverskinsforthegoodstheyneeded,becamevillages,andlatertownsandcities.
IT’SINTHEBAGThebag---oneofthesimplestandmostusefulthingsineverymanorwoman’slife---hasgiventheworldmanystrangeexpressionsthatarenotverysimple.AnumberoftheseexpressionsarewidelyusedintheUnitedStatestoday.SomewereimportedfromEnglandalongtimeago.
Whenyouaresureofsomething,youcansay,“It’sinthebag.”
Thisphraseseemedtohavearrivedwiththemodernpaperbag.Before,Americansusedtosay,“It’sallwrappedup.”Then,thingsyouboughtwerewrappedinplainbrownpaper,orsometimesinoldnewspaper.
Anotherwidelyusedexpressionsis“toletthecatoutofthebag”,meaningtorevealawell-keptsecret.
Noonecanexplainhowthecatgotintothebag,orwhyitremainedthere.Butthereisanoldstoryaboutit.Longagotradesmansoldthingsinlargeclothbags.Onceawomanaskedforapig.Thetradesmanhelduphisclothbag.Insidetherewassupposedtobealivepig.Thewomanaskedtoseeit.Whenthedishonesttradesmanopenedthebag,outjumpedasquealingcat,notapig.Thetradesman’ssecretwasout:hewastricky,andnoweverybodyknewit.
18.Englishproverbs
Characters
TeacherofEnglish:MsSmith(MS)
Students:Li(LI),Mao(MA),Anne(AN),Rivera(RI)
MS:Goodmorning,everyone.Ihopeyouallknowwhatweareherefor.Thetopicofourdiscussionthismorningis“EnglishProverbs”.
LI:So,I’mintherightgroup.
MA:Me,too.
RI:Me,too.
MS:ButIwastoldwewouldhavefour…andyet…
AN:I’mcoming.Goodmorning.AmIlate?
MS:Morning.“Speakofangelsandyouheartheirsongs.”
AN:Isthataproverbreferringtomycoming?
MS:Exactly.
LI:WehaveasayinginChinese,whichIthinkisverycloseinmeaning…
MA:SpeakofCaoCaoandheappears.
MS:Right.Well,“firstthingsfirst”.Aproverbisatraditionalsayingwhichoffersadviceorpresentsamoralinashortandbriefmanner.Aproverbnormallyisasentence,intowhichthewriteroftenworksrhyme.Forinstance,“Eastorwest,homeisbest.”Sometimesitcomesoutintheformofaphrase.
MA:I’veseendictionariesofproverbs.
MS:Well,therearethousandsofproverbs.Theyfallintothreemaincategories.Thoseofthefirsttypetaketheformofabstractstatements.Theyexpressgeneraltruths.Herearetwogoodexamples:“Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.”and“Amanwhoneglectshisstudiesinyouthwillregretitinlateryears.”
RI:Ithinkthereissometruthinbothproverbs.Toencourageapersonwhohashadlittleeducationforsomereasonasayoungman,wemayusetheformer.Withus,Iguessthelatterworks.
MS:Soyouhavetokeepthisinmind.Neveruseproverbsoutofcontext.“Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoison.”
LI:Isee.Then,whatisthesecondtype?
MS:Thesecondtypeusesspecificobservationsfromeverydayexperiencetomakeageneralpoint.
AN:“Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.”Doesitfallintothesecondcategory?
MS:You’reright,dear.Thenthethirdtypeconsistsofsayingsfromparticularareasoftraditionalcustomsandbeliefs.“Afterdinner,restawhile;aftersupper,walkamile.”isanexampleofthistype.Suchproverbsareoftenrelatedtoagriculture,theseasons,andtheweather.
LI:Manypeopleholdtheopinionthatproverbsaregoingoutoffashion.Isthattrue?
MS:Thefactis,assomeoldonesarefallingintodisuse,newonesarebeingcreated.Thecomputerworldhasrecentlygivenuslotsofthem.
AN:I’vegotone:“Rubbishin,rubbishout.”
MA:Italsogoes“Garbagein,garbageout.”
MS:Ithinkitismorecommontosay“Garbagein,garbageout.”Well,Ihope,today“You’llhavesomethingniceoutasyouhavehadsomethingnicein.”
AN:Thankyou,MsSmith.Bytheway,dowehaveanassignmentasusual?
MS:Yes.Youaretocollectsomeproverbsofthefirsttype,thatis,proverbsthatexpressgeneraltruths.
LI:I’dliketocollectsomeonstudies.
MS:Good!I’msogladtohavebeenwithyou.(Tothefourstudents)“Strikewhiletheironishot.”Seeyounextweek.
19.Tipsonmakingapublicspeech
Itisinterestingtonotethatspeechesarealways“given”or“delivered”.Theyarenever“said”.Whengivingaspeech,therefore,itisusefultothinkofyourselfasplayingapart,i.e.acting.Thiskindofactingcallsforanintegrationofverbalandnonverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunicationchieflyinvolvesthespeaker’sstanceandgestures,theeyecontactbetweenthespeakerandtheaudience,andagoodcontrolofthepresentationspeedoftalking/speaking.
STANCEThisisimportanttothedeliveryofagoodspeech.Standupstraightandkeepyourheadup.Droppingyourheadlooksunprofessionalandmaypreventyouraudiencefromhearingyouclearly.Ontheotherhand,don’tstandlikeaguardonduty.Youhavetobeabletomoveinanaturalwayinordertoaddexpressiontoyourwords.Bodylanguage“says”alot.Avoidholdingyourhandstightlytogether;thiswillinterferewithfreeandnaturalmovement.Don’tplaywithkeysorcoinsinyourpocket;thiswilldistractyouraudience.
GESTURESGesturesandfacialexpressionsarebothimportantaidstothespokenwordwhenyouarecommunicating.Adull,longspeechdeliveredwithoutexpression,withoutgesturesoreyecontactwillnotbewellreceived.Theskillisindecidinghowmuchgesturingtobeemployedandinmakingsurethatyourgesturesarenatural.
Ingeneral,thelargertheaudience,themoreexpansivethegesturesshouldbe,becausetheywillnotbeseensoclearlybytheaudience.Inasmallgroup,facialexpressionswilladdalottounderstanding.Trytellingsomebodysomethingfunnywithaveryseriousface.Theywillhavedifficultybelievingwhatyouarereallysayingisfunny.
Differentgesturesaresupposedtobeusedindeliveringaspeech.Somepeopleusetheirhandsalotwhenspeaking.Youmustmakesurethatyourgesturesarenotrepeatedtoooften,andtheyshouldbeexpressiveandmeaningful.
EYECONTACTTohavemaximumimpactyouneedtomakeeachmemberofyouraudiencefellasifyouwerespeakingtothempersonally.Todothis,glancetowardsallsectionsoftheaudienceanddon’tbeafraidtomoveyourhead.Ifyoufavouronedirection,theothersidemayfeelyouareignoringthemandthereforeloseinterestinwhatyouaresaying.
TIMINGAccuratetimingisessential.Youshouldensurethatyoudon’tfallshortoforrunoverthetimeallowedforyourspeech.Eitherway,theaudiencewillfeelunhappyandloseconcentrationonyourspeech.Thebestwaytoovercomethisisthroughpreparation.Clearthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayandhowlongyourspeechwilllast,beforeyoustarttowriteit,willsavealotoftime.Whenpractising,makesurethatyouspeakatthecorrectspeedanddotimeyourself.
20.Keepitshortfortheaudience’ssake
HowlongshouldImakemyspeech?Howlongwillmyaudienceconcentrateonmyspeech?HoeslowlyshouldIspeaktomakemyselfclearlyunderstood?Intryingtoanswerthesequestions,weseehowimportanttimingistospeech.
KEEPYOURSPEECHLESSTHAN15MINUTESLinYutang,thefamouswriterandtranslator,oncesaidaboutthelengthofaspeech,“theshorter,thebetter.”Speakingaroundthetopicshouldbeseriouslyavoided,notonlyinspeech,butinallconversationsinEnglish.BeingindirectandroundaboutinyourapproachmaybethoughtskillfulinChinese.ButinEnglishspeech?Noway.WhenoneismakingaspeechinEnglish,heshouldalwayssticktothepoint,andusesimple,clear,anddirectlanguage.
Accordingtoscientists,audiencescangenerallyonlymanagetoconcentrateforabout13minutes.Soa10-15-minutespeechisaboutright.
ThefamousGettysburgAddress,deliveredbyAbrahamLincolnonNovember19,1863hasabout200words,butitstillmanagedtoexpresstheideathatallpeoplearebornequal.
150-160WORDSPERMINUTESpeakingspeedoftendependsontheoccasionforthespeech.Thenumberofpeopleintheaudienceisalsoanimportantfactortobeconsidered.
Ifyouarespeakingtohundredsoreventhousandsofpeople,especiallyintheopenair,youshouldspeakslowly.Theideaistolettheaudiencecatcheverysinglewordofyourspeech.Forexample,whenMartinLutherKingspoke,eventoasmallgroup,hisusualspeakingspeedwasonly110to120wordsperminute.
Whenyouarespeakingindoorstoasmallgroup,say,10or20people,youmayspeedupabit.Speakingataspeedofaround200wordsaminute,youcanstillretaintheaudience’sattention.
So,wecanseethattheaveragespeedisabout150to160wordsperminute.
Whetheryouarespeakingslowlyorrapidly,theimportantpointistopronounceeverywordclearly.Otherwise,nomatterhowwonderfulyouthinkyourcontentis,theaudiencewon’tbeabletofollowyou.Usephoneticsymbolstomarktheplacesyouoftenmessup,inadvance,andpractiseeverydaybeforeyougetuponstage.
PAUSEFORDRAMATICEFFECTIfyouwantaparticularsentenceorexpressiontoleaveadeepimpressiononyouraudience,youcanpauseawhilebeforeutteringit.Duringthepause,theaudiencewillgrowcuriousaboutwhyyouchoosetopauseandtheywillanxiouslyexpecttohearthenextsentence,whichisexactlywhatyouwanttohappen.
Butdon’tpausetoofrequentlyortoolong.Eyecontactandasmile,withabitofbodylanguage,willalsoeffectivelyimpressyouraudience.Ifyousimplystopsuddenlyandremainsilentforseveralsecondsbeforeyoustartagain,they’llprobablythink,“Oh,he(she)hasforgottenthewords!”
21.Makingfriends
Jamiewaslikeamagnet---shealwayshadacrowdaroundher.Shewasn’tespeciallypretty,andshewasn’tparticularlygoodatsports.Butshewasoneofthemostpopularstudentsatschool.Everyonelovedher!
Why?WhatwasitaboutJamiethatmadeeveryonenoticeher?Ifherlooksandhertalentsweren’tanythingtoshowoff,whatdidshehavegoingforher?
Hereitis---shortandsimple---Jamiehadlearnedthesecretofhowtomakefriendsandkeepthem.Hersecretis:Benicetoothers!Jamiewaskindandgenuinelycaredaboutothers:peoplerespondedbywantingtobearoundher.
Goingalongwiththisbigsecretofmakingfriendsareafewadditionalsuggestions:
SMILINGSUGGESTSCONFIDENCEThereissomethingfascinatingaboutsomeonewhosmilesalot.Weareautomaticallydrawntosomeonewhoishappy.Wearingasmileusuallyimpliesthepersonbehinditisapproachable.Anapproachablepersonmakesothersfeelateaseandcomfortable.
Smilesalsoconveyconfidence,whichisreallyimportantwhenmakingfriends.Youdon’thavetoactuallyfeelconfidenttosmile,butwhenyoudo,peoplewillthinkyouare.Furthermore,themoreyousmile,themorenaturalyoursmilewillbe.You’llgainconfidencefromsmiling!
LEARNTOLISTENANDTALKEveryonewantstotalk.Weallhaveastorytotell.Eachofusenjoyshavingsomeonelistentowhatwesay.Itmakesusfeelimportantwhensomeoneistrulyinterestedinwhatwe’resaying.
Whenotherpeoplefindoutyouarewillingtolisten,theywillbetalkingtoyou!Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,zeroin100percentonthatperson.Don’tpretendtolistenbutreallythinkaboutsomethingelse.Thatwon’tworkinmakingfriends.
Meanwhile,don’tputtheburdenoftheentireconversationonsomeoneelse.You’vegottodoyourpart,too.Itislearningwhentotalkthatisimportant.Trynottotalkjusttohearyourselftalking;nooneelsecangetawordin.
Everyoneshouldlearntogiveandtakeinanyrelationship.Learntomovefrombeingthecentreofattentiontofocusingontheneedsofothers.Modestyisextremelyattractive.
TRYTOADDVALUETOTHOSEAROUNDYOUPeoplelightupwhenyourecognizesomethingtheydowellandletthemknow.Itonlytakesaminutetogivesomeoneacomplimentortonoticewhatgiftsapersonhas.Itautomaticallyaddsvaluetohowtheyseethemselves.Trytobethekindofpersonwho’salwaysseeingthepositivequalitiesinothers.Don’ttearsomeonedown.
22.Whatdoesfriendshipmeantowesterners?
Whatismeantbytheword“friend”?Thedictionarydefinesitas“oneattachedtoanotherbyaffectionorrespect”.Americansusethewordfreely---thatis,afriendmayormaynotbeapersontowhomoneisreallyattached.Friendsmayhaveknowneachothersincechildhoodortheymayhaverecentlymet.ItisdifficulttogiveanexactdefinitionofthiswordasitisusedintheUS,becauseitcoversmanytypesofrelationships.
ItiscommonforAmericanstohavedifferent“circles”.Termssuchasofficemateandtennispartnerindicatedifferenttypesoffriends.Theofficemateisafriendintheofficeandthetennispartnerisafriendonthetenniscourt.Apersonmayhavemanygoodfriendsandonebestfriend.“Bestfriends”areusuallytwopeopleofthesamesexwhohaveknowneachotherforalongperiodoftime.Peopleusuallyhavemorecasualfriendsthancloseorbestfriends.
Americansmovearoundquiteoftenandlearntodevelopfriendshipseasilyandquickly.AboutoneoutofeveryfiveAmericanfamiliesmoveseveryyear.Peoplemovetonewplacesbecausetheybeginnewjobs,attenddistantcolleges,getmarried,havechildrenorsimplywantachangeintheirlives.Perhapsasaresultofthis,peopleformandendfriendshipsquickly.
Relationshipsbasedonacommonactivitymaystoporendwhentheactivityends.Studentsmightmeetinclassesandremainfriendsforthedurationofthecourseandthenstopseeingeachotherafterthefinalexamination.Thesameholdstrueforneighbourswhoaretheclosestoffriendsuntilonemovesaway.Inthesefriendships,shareddailyexperiencesformthefoundationfortherelationship.Long-lastingfriendshipsdevelopwhenindividualshavesimilarinterestsandacommonoutlookonlife.thehighrateofmobilityintheUScanexplainagreatdealaboutshort-termfriendships.
Friendshipandfriendlinessdonotmeanthesamething.FriendlinesscharacterizesmuchofAmericandailyinteractionbutisnotalwaysanindicationoffriendship.Strangersmaysharelifehistorieswithoutanywishtosetuparelationship.Instantfriendshipsarecharacterizedbytheappearanceoftwopeoplebecomingclosebut,inreality,thereisnostringconnectionbetweenthem.Twopeoplesayinghellotoeachotherafterbeingintroducedforthefirsttimedonotalwaysmeanthattheyhaveastrongwishtodevelopafriendship.Manypeoplefrequentlysmileorsay“Haveaniceday”or“Seeyoulater”,orevengiveaninvitationaspartofaculturalpatternofpoliteness.Suchexpressionsdonotalwayssuggestanofferofcontinuedfriendship.
23.Adjo
Howtheyearshaverushedby!IthasbeenalongtimesinceIknewMargetSwenson.IwasachildwhenIknewher,andnowImyselfhavechildren.Themindlosesmanythingsasitmatures,butIneverlostMarget---myfirstloveandfirsthurt.
ImetMargetSwensonwhenshejoinedoursixth-gradeclass.
Marget,justfreshfromSweden,andI,asixthgenerationAmerican.ShespokeverylittleEnglish,butsomehowwedidmanagetounderstandeachother.Wetooktoeachotherinstantly.
Margetliveduponthehill.Thatwastheplacewherethereweremanylargeandprettyhouses.IsupposeitwasonlyinpassingthatIknewonlywhitepeoplelivedthere.
Wehadsomuchfuntogether.Wesatforhoursinmygardenorhers,surroundedbygrass.HerwordswereSwedish;mine,English.Welaughedatthewayeachofusslidourtonguesovertheunfamiliarwords.IlearnedtheSwedishequivalentsofhello,friend,andgoodbye.
However,suchfundidnotlastlong,andthedisasterbeganatMarget’sbirthdayparty.
ItwasaWednesday.Iarrivedatthepartyearly.MargetandIranaroundquickly,puttingthefinishingtouchesonthedecorations.
Somefifteenminuteslater,thedoorbellrang,andincameMary,anothergirlinourclass.
Butafterthatnobodycame.Noone.
Whenitgottobeafterfive,MrsSwensoncalledMargetinside.Shewasthereforalongtime,andwhenshecameout,shelookedvery,verysad.“Mymotherdoesnotthinktheyarecoming,”shesaid.
“Whynot?”Maryblurted.
Margetcastaquickglanceatme,butshedidn’tsayanything.
ItookMarget’shand.“It’sme,isn’tit?”Isaid.Oh!IremembersopainfullytodayhowmuchIwantedherquickandpositive“No!”tomyquestion.ButIwasonlyawareofMargettryingtoslipherhandfrommine.Iopenedmyhandandlethergo.
Itwasdifferentbetweenusafterherbirthday.Margetstoppedcomingtomyhouse,andwhenIaskedherwhenshewould,shelookedasthoughshewouldcry.
Oneday,uninvited,Iwenttoherhouse,climbedupthehill,andarestlessfeelinggrewwithinmeateverystep.
Margetalmostjumpedwhensheopenedthedoor.Shestaredatmeinshock.Then,quickly,inavoiceI’dneverheardbefore,shesaid,“Mymothersaysyoucan’tcometomyhouseanymore.”
Iopenedmymouth,andcloseditwithoutspeaking.Theawfulthinghadcome;mysuspicionwasconfirmed;MargetwaswhiteandIwasnot.Ididknowitdeepwithinmyself.
SincethatmeetingMargetandIdidnotspeaktoeachotheratall.
Onthelastdayofschool,gettingupastrangecourage,IhandedmyautographbooktoMarget.Shehesitated,thenwithoutlookingup,wrotewordsIdon’tremembernow;theywerequitecommonwords,thekindeveryonewaswritingineveryoneelse’sbook.Iwaited.Slowly,shepassedherbooktomeandinitIwrotewithaslow,firmhandsomeofthewordsshehadtaughtme.IwroteAdjominvan---Goodbye,myfriend.Ireleasedher,lethergo,toldhernottoworry,toldherthatInolongerneededher.Adjo.
24.Ryan,hisfriends,andhisincredibletorchrun
Wemetinabiologyclass.Ryansatinthefrontsothathiswheelchairwouldn’tgetintheway.I,however,believedthathewouldn’thavegotteninthewaywhereverhesat.Igreetedhimwitha“Hello!”andherepliedcheerfully.Lateritprovedthatthissimple“Hello!”wasallittookforRyanandmetobecomegreatfriends.
Ryansufferedfrombraindamageandhadenduredmanyanobstacle.Yet,heisabletogoonlivinghislifetothefullest.Heknowstheoldsaying,“Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetgoing.”tothedeepestandmostpersonalextent.
Thehighlightofourfriendshipcameinourjunioryear,whenRyanaskedmetoholdtheflagthatwouldmarkthespotwherehewouldbeginhisOlympictorchrun.Whenheaskedme,Ididn’tknowwhattosay.“Whyme?”Iasked.HegentlyrespondedthathewouldbehonouredifIwouldacceptthisposition.HesaidthattheOlympiccommitteesentalettersayingthatthepersonthatholdstheflagmustbesomeoneimportanttohim,andIwasimportanttohimbecauseIwastheonlytruefriendhehadevermadethattalkedtohimandnottohiswheelchair.HowcouldIrefusesuchagraciouscomplimentandrequest?
OnJunefifth,ItooktheflagandreachedRyan’sstartingpointearly.Bythen,thestreetshadbeguntofillwithstudentsfromthesurroundingschoolsandthearearesidents.Everyonewasexcited.Thencamethevanthatcarriedthetorchrunners.AlloftherunnersgotoutexceptRyan.Theylinedupoutsideofthevanandbegantochanthisname.Ryan!Ryan!Thenallofthepeoplethatlinedthestreetsjoinedin.Ryan!Ryan!AllIcoulddowasnottocry.
TheliftthenloweredRyantotheground.Therehewas,inallhisglory.PeoplesawhimforRyanandnotforhiswheelchair.Itallbecameslowmotionatthesightofthearrivingtorch.IgaveRyanahugandthensteppedintomyspot.TherunnerlitRyan’storchandthenRyanbeganhisjourney.Ashetookoffdownthestreet,thechantingbecamelouderandlouder.Theexcitementfilledtheair.IcouldnothavebeenanyprouderofRyan!Hedeservedthismomentintime---ahistoricmomentthathewasapartofandallowedmetobeapartof,too.
Thatmomentwilllastintimeforever.Itexpressedthewholemeaningoftheflame:love,enthusiasm,andbrotherhood.Itshowedusallthatloveisreallywhatmakesthissmallworldgoaround.
25.Thefatherofmodernphysics
AlbertEinsteinwasbornofJewishparentsin1879inGermany.Hedidbadlyinmostsubjectsatschool,butwasfascinatedbymathematics,whichhedidquitewell.Whenhewasfifteen,hisfamilymovedtoItaly,andfromtherehewenttoSwitzerlandtoattendapolytechnicschool.
Aftergainingateachingqualificationfromthepolytechnic,Einsteintookapostasajuniorclerkinanoffice.Einsteinwashappytogetsuchaneasyjob,becauseitgavehimplentyoftimetothinkaboutphysics.Itwasthe“thoughtexperiments”thathecarriedoutinhisheadthatledtoanewunderstandingofspace,timeandgravity(引力).
In1905,whenhewastwenty-sixyearsold,Einsteinbegantopublishhisthoughts.Oneofhistheoriesprovidedanexplanationforapuzzlingeffect,calledthephotoelectriceffect(光电效应),whichhadbeennoticedsomeyearsearlier.Itwasin1921thathewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforhisworkonthephotoelectriceffect.
In1914,EinsteinbecameaprofessorofphysicsattheUniversityofBerlinandallwentwelluntilHitlercametopowerin1933.Einstein,whowasJewish,spokeoutagainstNazicrimes.Asaresult,hehadtoleaveGermanyandspenttherestofhislifeteachingintheUnitedStatesatPrincetonUniversity.
Inthelongcourseofresearch,Einsteindevelopedhistheoriesofrelativity.Thesetheoriesweresodifferentandnewthatmostscientistscoulddonotbelieveorunderstandthem,andittookalongtimeforthemtobeaccepted.
Einstein’stheoriesalsopredictedthatsolidobjectscanbechangedintopureenergy.Thisdidleadtothedevelopmentofnuclearpower(核能)andtheatomicbomb(原子弹).However,Einsteinhimselfprotestedagainstnuclearweapons,andbecameinvolvedinthepeacemovementaftertheFirstWorldWar.
Einsteinpassedawayin1955attheageofseventy-six.Whatheleftbehindisawealthofideasthatformthefoundationofmodernphysicstoday.
Apartfromhisscientificwork,Einsteinfoundmuchpleasureinsimplepastimes.Amonghishobbiesweresailingandplayingtheviolin.Besides,helovedthecompanyofchildren.
Althoughhewasoneofthegreatestscientistswhoeverlived,Einsteindidnottakehimselfseriously.Once,whenaskedtoenteranewspapercompetitiontowriteanarticleexplaininghowlightisbentbygravity,hejokedthatthecompetitionwasmuchtoodifficultforhimtoenter.
26.Thesurvivalofthefittest
Foralongtimepeoplehadwonderedhowlifehaddevelopedonearth.TheBible(圣经)statedthatgodhadcreatedeverythinginaweek.Somepeopledidnotbelievethis.“Whataboutfossils?”theyasked.“Whathashappenedtothestrangecreatureswhichexistedsomanyyearsago?”theyasked.
CharlesDarwin(查尔斯罗伯特达尔文，英国生物学家，进化论奠基人),ayoungmanjustoutofuniversityin1831,wasofferedajobonashiponavoyageofdiscoveryaroundtheworld.Lifeonboardwastough.Darwinwasterriblyseasickandwasonlyhappywhenhewasashorecollectingplantsamplesandobservinganimals.Itwastobethemostimportantjourneyinhislife.Itlastedforfiveyears;hereturnedinOctober1836.
DarwinstudiednatureinSouthAmericaandinagroupofsmallislandsintheSouthPacific.Oneachislandtherewerebirds.Theywereverysimilar,buttheshapeoftheirbeaks,andeventheireatinghabitsvaried.Darwinwonderedwhytheyweredifferent.Thenherealizedthat,longbefore,theyhadbeenthesame.Eachislandhaddifferentfoodsavailable.Onlythebirdsthatcouldeatavailablefoodcouldsurvive,thismightdependonhavingtherightshapeofbeak.Herealizedthatthesameprocesshappenedwithalllivingthings.Overmillionsofyears,allplantsandanimalshavegraduallychangedintotheformsweseetoday.Whatwecall“thesurvivalofthefittest”henamed“naturalselection”.Darwincalledthisslowprocessofchange“evolution”.Itexplainswhymanykindsofcreature,whosefossilremains,arenolongeralive.
By1846,hehadpublishedanarticledescribinghisvoyage.Healsobegantothinkseriouslyaboutevolutionandnaturalselection,andwrotetwoessaysdescribinghisideas.HedidnotpublishtheseessaysbecauseherealizedhisideasprovedtheBible’stheoryofcreationwaswrong,andhewasworriedabouttheangerandtroublestheywouldcause.
Darwinspentthefollowingyearsdevelopinghistheoriesandmakingthemperfect.In1859hepublishedtheminTheOriginofSpecies(《物种起源》).ItcausedahugerowbecauseitseemedtodenywhattheBiblesaid.HisTheDescentofMan(《人类的由来》),1871,pointedoutthatmankindhadcomefromthesameancestor.Darwinwasupsetbytheopposition.Otherscientistsagreedwithhisideasandtookuphiscause.TheChurchprohibitedtheteachingoftheTheoryofEvolution(进化论)insomecountries.However,todaymostpeoplebelievethatDarwinwasright.
27.Miracleinthericefield
Itissaidthateveryscientisthasachildhooddreamforhisorherfuturesuccess.ForYuanLongpin,knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice(杂交水稻)”,thedreamisthathecultivatesriceashugeaspeanuts,andfarmerscanhavearestinthecoolshadowofbigriceplants.
YuanLongpinwasbornintoapoorfamilyin1931.UpongraduatingfromtheSouthwesternAgriculturalCollege(西南农业学院)in1953,hebeganhisteachingcareeratanagricultureschoolandhassincedevotedhimselftoagriculturaleducationandresearch.
Hecameupwiththeideaofhybridriceforthefirsttimeinthe1960s.Intheearly1970s,hesucceededindevelopingtheworld’sfirsthigh-yieldhybridrice.Ofgreatimportanceishispioneeringwork,whichhasestablishedChina’spositionofworldleadershipinthisarea.
TheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)(联合国粮食与农业组织)hasdecidedtogetinvolvedintheworkofspreadingthecoverageofYuan’shigh-yieldhybridrice,whichitconsidersthebestwaytoincreasetheworld’sgrainoutput.
Inthefollowingyears,increasinggrainoutputofhybridricefurthershowedthesuccessofYuanLongpin’sresearch.ThismadehimfirmlybelievethatChinacansurelyfeedherlargepopulationwithherlimitedcultivatedland.
ThisbreakthroughinricecultivationhassignificantlycontributedtosolvingthefoodprobleminChinaandtherestoftheworld.Yuan’samazingachievementhaswonhimagreatmanyawardsandhonoursfromtheUnitedNationsandworldwide.
However,evenwithsuchagreatachievement,Yuanwon’ttakeabreak.Inhismindtherealwaysexistadream,morepracticalthanthatofhisyouth,thatpopularizingthenewhybridricewithhigheryieldsaroundtheworldcaneliminatestarvationonEarth.“Ifthenewhybridriceweregrownintheworld’sremainingfields,thepresentgrainoutputaroundtheworldwouldbemorethandoubled.Thiscansolvethegrainshortage,”saidthescientist.
SomepeopleestimateYuan’sactualfortunemightmakehimoneoftherichestpeopleinChina.Buthedoesn’tknowforsurehimself,forheseemstocarefornothingmorethanhisresearch.
Inspiteofhisbusyresearchwork,YuanLongpinhasmanagedtokeepsomehobbiesinhissparetime,includingreadingbooksandlisteningtomusic.Heenjoysdailymotorcyclingandsometimesplayingtheviolin.
28.Newton’sthreeimportantlaws
Thingsthatmoveobeycertainlaws.ThreeimportantlawsofmotionwereestablishedbyIsaacNewton(1642～1727)(英国物理学家、天文学家和数学家，被公认为有史以来最伟大和影响最深远的科学家).
NEWTONⅠ:INERTIA(惯性定律)
Newton’sfirstlawofmotionseemssimple:Objectsatresttendtoremainatrest,whilemovingonescontinuetomoveatauniformspeedinastraightline---unlessacteduponbyanoutsideforce.Thisresistance(阻力)tochangeiscalledinertia,anditexplainsalotofeverydayexperiencednomatterwhereyouhappentolive.
Oneisthatwhenthecarorairplaneyou’reinbeginstomove,yourbodyispushedbackagainsttheseat.Thatis,ittendstoremainatrestdespitetheforward-movingforceofthevehicletransferredtoyouthroughtheseat.Anotheraspectofthislawshowsthatthenormalcoursesforfreelymovingobjectsisastraightline.Thatexplainswhy,whenyouwhirl(迅速旋转)somethingaroundyourhead---suchasaballonastring---andthenletitgo,theballfliesstraight.Itneitherkeepscirclingyourheadnordoesitmoveoffinasweeping(做大幅度弧线形运动的)curve(曲线).
NEWTONⅡ:F=MA
Newton’ssecondlawrelatestheamountofforceneededtomoveanobjecttotheobject’smassandtitsacceleration(加速度).
Pushachildinaswing,orrideaplanetaroundthesun,andyou’reusingNewton’ssecondlawofmotion,whichstatesthatwheneveryouwanttochangethespeedordirectionofsomething,youhavetoapplyanappropriateforce.Thebiggerthemassorthelargertheintendedacceleration,thegreaterthenecessaryforce.Thislaw’sformulaallowsengineerstocalculatewhat’srequiredtolaunchajetfighter(喷气式战斗机)fromanaircraftcarrier(航空母舰),orhowstrongaseatbeltmustbetorestrain(抑制，控制),say,a160-poundpersonwhenhiscarstopssuddenlywhiletravellingat60mph.
NEWTONⅢ:EQUALANDOPPOSITE(作用力与反作用力)
Allobjects,movingoratrest,obeyNewton’sthirdlawofmotion,whichholdsthatinnature,unaccompanied(无陪伴的)forcesdonotexist.
Youcan’ttakeastepwithoutapplyingNewton’sthirdlaw,whichexplainsthatforeveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.Eachtimeyourfootpushesdownontheground,thegroundpushesbackwiththesameamountofforcepointedinprecisely(精确地，准确地)theoppositedirection.Infact,it’stheforceexerted(施加压力)bythegroundthatpushesyoualong,nottheforceofyourfoot.
Thatseemsodd,butit’seasytodemonstrate.Standonanearlyfrictionless(无摩擦力的)surfacesuchasanoilyfloor,orputonapairofrollerskates(四轮旱冰鞋).Nowtakeastep.Pushashardasyoulike,buttheoilorskateskeepthatforcefrombeingappliedtothefloor,sothereisnoopposite,reactiveforceexertedonyourfoot.Theresult:Yourlegsandfeetmaystruggletomoveabout,butyoudon’tmoveforward.
29.Oliverwantsmore(AdaptedfromOliverTwistCharlesDickens)
Lifeintheworkhousewasverysevereindeed.Thememberoftheboardofmanagementhadruledthatthechildrenshouldworktoearntheirliving,andthattheyshouldbegiventhreemealsofthinsoupaday,withanoniontwiceaweekandhalfacakeonSundays.
Theroom,inwhichtheboyswerefed,wasalargestonehall,withahugepotatoneend.Outofthis,themaster,assistedbyoneortwowomen,servedoutthesoupatmealtimes.Eachboyhadonesmallbowl,andnothingmore---exceptonpublicholidays,whenhehadasmallpieceofbreadaswell.Nevereverdidthebowlsneedwashing.Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoonstilltheyshoneagain;andwhentheyhadperformedthisoperation,theywouldsitstaringatthehugepot,asiftheycouldhaveeatenthat,too.
OliverTwistandhiscompanionssufferedterriblehungerinsilenceforthreemonths;sodesperatedidtheybecomeintheendthatoneboy,whowastallforhisage,toldtheothersthatunlesshehadanotherbowlofsoupeveryday,hewasafraidhemightsomenighteattheboywhosleptnexttohim.Hehadawild,hungryeye,andtheyfullybelievedhim.Acouncilwasheld;voteswerecast,anditfelltoOliverTwisttowalkuptothemasteraftersupperthatevening,andaskformore.
Theeveningarrived;theboystooktheirplaces.Themaster,inhiscook’suniform,stoodbesidethehugepotwithhistwoassistantsbehindhim;thesoupwasservedout.Itquicklydisappeared;theboyswhisperedtoeachother,andmadesignstoOliver.Herosefromthetableand,advancingtothemaster,bowlinhand,said.
“Please,sir,Iwantsomemore.”
Themasterwasafat,healthyman;buttheturnedverypale.Hestaredwithhorrorandamazementatthesmallboyforsomeseconds.
“What!”hesaidfinallyinafaintvoice.
“Please,sir,”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”
ThemasteraimedablowatOliver’sheadwithhisbigspoon,seizedhimtightlyinhisarms,andshoutedforMr.Bumble.
Mr.Bumble,hearingthecryandlearningthecauseofit,rushedintotheroomwheremembersoftheboardweremeetingand,addressingthegentlemanattheheadofthetable,said,“Mr.Limbkins,Ibegyourpardon,sir!OliverTwisthasaskedformore.”
Therewasageneralalarm.Horrorshowedoneveryface.
“Formore!”saidMr.Limbkins.“Becalm,Mr.Bumble,andanswermeclearly.Doyoumeantosaythatheaskedformore,afterhehadeatenthesuppergivenbytheboard?”
“Hedid,sir,”repliedBumble.
“Thatboywillbehanged,”saidoneofthegentlemenontheboard.“Iknowthatboywillbehangedoneday.”
Oliverwaslockedupatonce.Nextmorninganoticewasputupontheoutsideofthegate,offeringarewardoffivepoundstoanybodywhowouldtakeOliverTwistawayfromtheworkhouse.
30.Enjoytheclassics
What’saclassic?Itcanbeputinthefollowingway:Whenyourereadaclassic,youdonotseemoreinthebookthanyoudidbefore;youseemoreinyouthanyoudidbefore.
Inschool,welearnoneofthemostinterestinganddifficultskills---howtoread.Atthesametime,welearntohatetoreadthethingsworthreadingmost!
Ithashappenedtousall---withassignmentreading!Ithappenedtome.TheteacherassignedPickwickPapers(《匹克威克外传》).Ididn’twanttoreadit.SoIfoughtit.Idislikedit.IthoughtIwon.
ButIlost.MystruggletokeepawayfromPickwickPaperscostmeallthegoodthingsthatcancomefromgettingneartothosefewbookscalledthe“classics”.
IhavecomebacktoPickwickPapersonmyownsince.Ilikeit.AndIhavediscoveredanewlevelofpleasurefromitwitheachreading.
Icomebacktothisquestion:Whatisaclassic?Aclassicisabookthatgivesyouwonderfulfeelings,andenablesyoutouncoverpartofthemeaningoflife.Aclassicisabookthathasstoodthetestoftime,abookthatmenandwomenallovertheworldwanttokeepalltheirlives.
Notmanybookscanstandsuchatest.Consideringallthebooksthathavebeenproduced,classicsaccountforonlyaverysmallshareofthetotal---lessthan0.001percent.That’sjustafewthousandbooks.Ofthose,under100makeupthesolidcore.
Whyshouldyoureadtheclassics?Whyshouldyoutrytoenjoythem?
Isuggestthreereasons:
1.aclassicopensyourmind.
2.aclassichelpsyougrow.
3.aclassichelpsyouunderstandyourlife,yourworld,yourself.
Thelastoneisabigone.Aclassiccangiveyouinsightsintoyourself.Sure,youcangetpleasureoutofalmostanybook.Butaclassic,onceyougodeepintoit,liftsyouuphigh!
Whenyoureadclassics,don’tjustdipyourtoeintothedeepwatersoftheclassics.Plungein!Joingenerationsofbrighthumanbeingsbeforeyou.You’llfindyourselfenlightenedbythethoughtsandobservationsofthemostgiftedwritersinhistory.
Someonehassaidtheclassicsarethediaryofman.Openupthediary.Readaboutyourself—andunderstandyourself.
31.Issheguilty?(AdaptedfromThePrinceandthePauperMarkTwain)
Byatwistoffate,Tom,apauper,wasmistakenforEdwardTudor,thePrinceofWales.Sincehelookedverymuchliketheprince,histrueidentitywenthidden.SowhenEdward’sfatherdied,Tomwasmadethenew“king”.
Oneday,aterrifiedwomanandherlittlegirlwerebroughtbeforeTom.Heorderedthesherifftostatethecrimetheyhadcommitted.
“Yourmajesty,theymusthavebeenpractisingwitchcraft.”
Tomhadbeentaughttohatepeoplewhopractisedwitchcraft.Still,tosatisfyhiscuriosity,heasked:
“Whereandwhenwasthiscommitted?”
“Onemidnight,inDecember---inaruinedchurch,yourmajesty.”
“Whowaspresent?”
“Onlythesetwo,yourmajesty.”
“Havetheyconfessed?”
“No,theydenyit.”
“Thenhowwasthiscrimeknown?”
“Certainwitnesssawthemthere,yourmajesty,andthisshouldbeenoughtoprovethattheyareguilty.Thencameaterriblestorm.Itisevidentthattheyusedtheirevilpowertobringaboutthestorm.Aboutfortypeoplewitnessedthestormandhadeveryreasontorememberit,fortheysufferedfromit.Theyshouldnothavemadeallthesepeoplesuffersomuch.”
“Thissoundsveryseriousindeed.”Tomthoughtaboutthisinformationforawhile,andthenheasked:“Didthiswomanalsosufferfromthestorm?”
Severaloldheadsamongthegroupnodded.Theyrecognizedthewisdomofthisquestion.
Thesheriffanswered,“Indeedshedid,yourmajesty.Herhousewassweptawayandsheandherchildarenowhomeless.”
“Howdidtheybringaboutthestorm?”askedTom.
“Bypullingofftheirstocking,yourmajesty.”
ThisastonishedTomandmadehimmorecuriousthanever.Hesaid,eagerly:
“Thatiswonderful!Hasitalwaysthisdisastrouseffect?”
“Always---atleastwhenthewomandesiresitandsaystherightwords,eitherinhermindorwithhertongue.”
Tomturnedtothewoman,andorderedher:
“Exertyourpower.Iwishtoseeastorm!”
Inthegroup,cheekswentpalesuddenly.Therewasageneral,thoughunexpressed,desiretogetoutoftheplace.Thewomanlookedpuzzledandastonished.
Tomaddedexcitedly,“Donotfear,youshallnotbepunished.Morethanthat,youshallgofree.Exertyourpower.”
“Oh,myking,Idonothavesuchpower.Ihavebeenfalselyaccused.Ishouldnothavebeenbroughthereatall.”
“Takecourage.Noharmwillcometoyou.Makeastorm,itdoesnotmatterhowsmallastorm.Dothis,andyourlifeshallbespared;youandyourchildwillgofree.”
Thewomanbentherselfdowntotheground,andprotestedwithtears,thatshehadnopowertodothemiracleorelseshewouldgladlysaveherchild’slifealoneevenifshelostherown.
Finally,Tomsaid:
“Ithinkwhatthewomansaysisthetruth.Ifmymotherhadbeeninherplaceandgiftedwiththispower,shewouldnothavehesitatedtocallherstormsandlaythewholelandinruinstosavemylife.itistruethatallmothersarethesame.Youarefree,goodwoman,youandyourchild,forIbelieveyouareinnocent.Goyourwayinpeace.”
32.MarkTwain
MarkTwain(马克吐温，美国著名幽默小说家、作家和演说家),whoseoriginalnamewasSamuelClemens,isanimportantfigureinAmericanliterature.Speakingofshortstoriesalone,MarkTwain’spositioninAmericanliteratureisasChekhov’s(契诃夫，俄国著名剧作家、短篇小说家)isinRussianliteratureorGuydeMaupassant’s(莫泊桑，法国短篇小说家)inFrenchliterature.Eveninhisownday,MarkTwainwasseenasoneofAmerica’smostfamouswriters.
At13,MarkTwainwaslearningtobeaprinter.Eightyearslaterhebegantolearntoworkasasteamboatpilot.In1865,hewrotethestoryTheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCountry,whichmadehimfamous.Inthefollowingyears,hetravelledwidelyasasuccessfullecturerandgatheredmaterialforhiswriting.HishumorousshortstoryTheInnocentsAbroad(《傻瓜出国记》)andhisyouthfuladventures,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(《汤姆索亚历险记》),ThePrinceandthePauperandTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnhelpedhimwinaworldwideaudience.Atthesametimehebecameawell-knownhumorist.
MarkTwainsaid,“Againsttheassaultoflaughter,nothingcanstand.”Hearguedthathumorcouldbeaspowerfulasanyotherelementinliterature.Hedidnotusehumorforthesakeofhumor.Hewantedtoproveinbothhispublicandprivatelifethathehadmoretotellthanjustagoodstory.
GoandreadhisshortstoryRunningforGovernor(《竞选州长》).ItisafictitiousaccountaboutMarkTwainhimself.HewastorunforGovernorofNewYorkState.Asthecampaigngotstarted,rumoursabouthimbegantospread.Thegentlemanwasfirstaccusedofusingbribery,andthenwassaidtobeguiltyofpoisoninghisuncle,neitherofwhichwasbasedonanyfacts.Thestorywentonuntilitreacheditsmostexcitingmoment.Onedayatapublicmeeting,ninelittlekidsofallcoloursclimbedontotheplatformandcaughthimaroundthelegs,callinghim“Pa!”Thus,hewasforcedtoquitbeforeitwastoolate.
Youaresuretoburstoutlaughingasyouarereadingtheshort“story”.Butyoudon’treallyfeelhappyasthestoryhelpsyouseethroughthedarksideofAmericansocietyinhisday.It’sacaseinpointforreaderstoseewhyMarkTwainiscalledbycritics“thepeople’sauthor”,andwhyheisstillrememberedasoneofthegreatestAmericanhumoristsbypeopleallovertheworld.

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高二英语下册词组句型归纳

作为优秀的教学工作者，在教学时能够胸有成竹，作为高中教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来，帮助高中教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢？为此，小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《高二英语下册词组句型归纳》，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Unit11
1.thelunarcalendar农历thesolarcalendar公历solarenergy太阳能solarsystem太阳系
2.leapoverafence跳过篱笆Lookbeforeyouleap三思而后行leapatachance抓住机会
3.hi-tech=hightechnology高科技
4.insupportof为了支持Hehasafamilytosupport.有家庭要赡养.
5.belikelytodosth有可能做…Itislikely/possible/probablethat….
★Heislikelytocome.=Itislikelythathewillcome.=Itisprobablethathewillcome.=Hewillprobablycome
6.setfootin到达/踏上setaboutdoing=getdowntodoing=startout/offtodo着手干…
setanexampletosb为某人树立榜样setby=setaside储蓄setfiretosth=setsthonfire
setup建立/成立setuphome成家setfree释放自由setsail扬帆起航
7.haveaneffecton对…产生作用comeintoeffect=takeeffect生效bringsthintoeffect使…实施
ineffect=infact=asamatteroffact=inreality事实上beofnoeffect无效的personaleffects个人财产
8.relyon=dependon依靠/信赖relyonsbtodosth依靠某人做某事relyonitthat…放心去两会
9.cometolife活跃起来cometooneslife=cometooneself=cometoonessense=revive苏醒过来两会
comeat袭击comedown流传下来comeoff成功comeby获得comefor来取物/接人
comeout出版/开花/结果comeround前来comethrough经历cometoanend结束
comeupagainst遇到comeupto达到/符合两会
10.bebasedon基于…两会
11.atravelagency旅行社soleagency独家代理两会
12.lookforwardtodoing盼望做…beforwardtohelpothers=bereadytohelpothers乐于助人
putover=putacross解释putaway=putaside储蓄两会
putback推迟/阻碍putdown记下/镇压putsbintoprison把某人投入监狱putoff推迟
putout扑灭putthrough完成putup张贴/搭建/提供膳食putupwith容忍..putdownto归因于
putthroughto接通(电话)putforward=comeupwith=bringforward=setforth提出…
13.onthemarch行军中/进行中
14.achieveonesaim达到目的pointat指向aimat(表动作)=beaimedat(表状态)
glanceat一瞥shootat射向stare/glareat瞪着aimat旨在/瞄准aimatasuccess志在成功
15.atwar=inbattle在战斗中
16.have…incommon有共性incommonwith与…一样outofcommon非凡的commonsense常识
17.do/makeresearch做研究carryout/conductresearchin/into/on进行…的研究
18.instore在等待/降临/储蓄inaflash刹那间inahurryincase以防…inchains囚禁中两会
inchargeof负责beindebtto负债…inneedof需要inpeace处于和平中inplace就位两会
inpublic当众insilence一片寂静inthehopeof怀着…的希望inprivate=privately私下地两会
19.behometo/of…所在地
20.getmarried/getdrunk(喝醉)/getlost=loseonesway/gethurt/getseparated(分散)/
getpaid(领到薪水)/getburnt(烧伤)/getstarted=besetup(兴建)两会
21.makesthasuccess使…大获成功Whatagreatsurpriseyougaveus.Theconcertwasafailure.两会
22.grasp/taketheopportunitytodosth抓住机会做…graspat企图抓住takeafirmgraspon抓紧haveagoodgraspof理解bewithinourgrasp成功在即
23.asfollows如下followup追查followthrough完成followsbintosomeplace跟着某人来到…
24.aswellas和asfaras远至runacross=comeacross遇到aslongas只要runafter追逐
asmany/muchas多达…runinto撞上runoutof用完…asaresultof由于…的结果
runningwater
25.beexcitedabout对…感到激动
26.showcase展示befilledwith=befullof
27.enablesbtodosth使…能够做某事
28.byaccident=onpurpose故意withoutaccident平安无事的benoaccident绝非偶然
29.Heranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolquiteofbreath.意料之中
Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadgone.意料之外
◆Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwouldnthavetimeto______beforetheparty.两会
A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange两会
◆—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.—_____.两会
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI.两会两会
◆Itstenyearssincethescientist_____onhislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.
A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup
setout/offtodosth=setoutonsth着手干某事
◆—No,Imafraidheisntin.Thisisthissecretaryspeaking.CanIhelpyou—______.
A.Oh,youwill.B.Oh,thatsapity.两会
C.Ishouldthinkso.D.Well,Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou两会
◆Chineseartshavewonthe______ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.
A.enjoymentB.appreciationC.entertainmentD.reputation两会
◆Thecontinuousrain_____theharvestingofthewheatcropbytwoweeks.
A.setback(推迟)B.setoffC.setoutD.setaside
◆ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPO2010isstronglyimpressed____mymemory.
A.toB.overC.byD.on
◆Itiswisetohavesomemoney________foroldage.
A.putawayB.keptupC.givenawayD.laidout(使用)
◆—Davidhasmadeprogressrecently.—_____,and______.
A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyou
C.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave
◆HowIwisheveryfamily______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
◆Asthetallestbuildingintheworld,Taipei101hasbecomeanew_______ofTaipeiCity.
A.incidentB.geographyC.skylightD.landmark

高二英语MakingtheNews重点短语

人教新课标必修五unit4重点短语、句子汇总
Unit4MakingtheNews
I.Phrases
1.becuriousabout对……感到好奇
2.betodo必将/将要/应该
3.gooutonastory外出采访
4.onone’sown独自，*自己
　ofone’sown自己的……
5.concentrateon集中精力于……
6.beofinterest=beinteresting有趣的
7.bring…with…随身携带
8.haveanosefor…对……非常敏感
9.dependon依赖
10.atrickofthetrade职业诀窍
11.accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.withsth.指控某人做某事
12.soastodosth.(句中)为了……
13.besupposedtohavedone理应当/被认为做过某事
14.lookforwardto(doing)sth.盼望做某事
15.beeagertodosth./forsth.渴望做……/……
16.getthewrongendofthestick完全搞错了
17.tellthewholetruth说出全部真相
18.aheadof在……前头
19.set(out)todo/setaboutdoing着手做某事
20.pass…onto…把……传递给……
21.makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会，预约
22.polishthestyle润色语言风格
23.be/getabsorbedin专心于，集中精力于
24.inturn依次，逐个地
25.defend…against…为某人辩护
26.notedown记下
27.coversth./interviewsb.报道某事/采访某人
28.dosomeresearchon…对……做调查
29.workon从事
30.lastofall最后
31.onpurpose/byaccident故意地/偶然,意外地
32.arrangeaninterview(withsb.)安排采访
33.stickto坚持
34.AratherthanBA而不是B
35.accountfor解释
36.throughsb.’sanalysis通过某人的分析
II.Sentences:
1.（倒装）NeverwillZYforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofChinaDaily.
周阳永不会忘记他在《中国日报》报社当记者的首次任务。
2.（倒装）Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes,canyoucoverastorybyyourself.
3.(There’s)Noneedforacamera!没必要带相机。
4．（倒装）NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItookacourseatuniversity,soit’sactuallyofspecialinteresttome.
对摄影我不仅感兴趣，在大学我还专修过摄影，因此，我的确对摄影特别感兴趣。
5．Thisishowthestorygoes.事情是这样的。
6．Haveyoueverhadacasewheresomebodyaccusedyourreportersofgettingthewrongendofthestick?
你是否有这样的情况：有人控告你手下的记者的报道完全失实？

高二英语下册词组句型归纳8

Unit18
1.getapatentfor得到…专利权patentoffice专利局apatentoffice专利权
holdapatenton对…拥有专利权
2.allowfor顾及/为…做好准备allowdoingsth允许做某事allowsbtosth允许某人做某事
Theproblemallowsofonlyonesolution容许/得Haseverythingallowedforinyourplan考虑到
make/let/havesbdosth使某人做某事get/cause/forcesbtodosth使某人做某事
3.getstuck遇到困难/陷进去getabout传开/走动getinwith巴结getridof除掉getat了解/查明
getsbdown使…失望getthrough完成getthroughto弄明白房价gettogether聚会房价
4.breakawayfrom摆脱/脱离breakdown打破/坏掉/分解breakinto/inpieces成为碎片房价
breakin打断breakinto=burstinto破门而入burstintoalaugh哄堂大笑breakoff折断/中断
breakout爆发breakthrough突围breakup破裂/拆开breakwith戒除房价
5.inconnectionwith与…有关系/关于房价
6.beawareof知道/意识到beafraidof害怕beshortof缺乏besureof对…有把握
befondof喜欢befullof=befilledwithbeproudof以…为豪房价
7.trailanderror反复实验/不断摸索
8.afterall毕竟aboveall=mostimportantofall最重要的是allalone独自allalong始终allatonce=allofasudden=suddenly突然allbut几乎allinall总的说来goallout竭尽全力allover全部房价
allthesame尽管如此/仍然allthrough整个…期间alltogether一道儿allup彻底完蛋
forall尽管onceforall一劳永逸inall=altogether=intotal总共alltheway一路上/径直房价
firstofall=atfirst首先allthetime总是
9.keeptrackof保持联系losetrackof失去联系trackandfield田径赛offthetrack偏离主题
onthetrack正中主题coveruponestrack隐匿行踪
10.throwaway扔掉throwup呕吐throwoneselfinto…积极从事throwoff匆匆脱掉/抛掉习俗房价
throwdoubton对…产生怀疑throwlighton使清楚/提供线索throwout扔出房价
throwaside扔在一边房价
11.betiredof对…厌烦betiredfrom/with因…而累房价betiredout=giveout精疲力竭
12.comeupwith=putforward提出…comeup房价走进comeupagainst遭遇comeupto符合
comeout出版/发表房价
13.havemuchincommon有许多共同之处commonsense常识outofcommon异乎寻常房价房价
thecommonpeople普通人incommonwith与…一样房价
14.thinkabout认真考虑thinkout精心想出thinkover仔细考虑thinkup想出thinkof想到
15.amatteroflifeanddeath生死攸关之事asamatteroffact事实上inthematterof在…方面上
forthematter进一步来说房价
16.bringtoonesknowledge让某人知道cometoonesknowledge传到某人耳朵里
haveagoodknowledgeof对…熟悉
17.movetoward向…迈进movein搬家moveon继续前进/转话题moveout搬出去
moveabout/round到处走动moveoff离去/走掉bemovedwith受…感动
18.aswith=asto=asfor就…而言
19.attempttodo=attemptdoing=makeanattempttodo=makeanattemptatdoing=trytodo=seektodo…试图做…
20.besimilarto与…相类似nowthat既然

高二英语下册词组句型归纳10

作为杰出的教学工作者，能够保证教课的顺利开展，作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容，帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“高二英语下册词组句型归纳10”，仅供参考，希望能为您提供参考！

Unit20
1.Itiscuriousthat…做某事很奇怪becuriousabout对…好奇becurioustodo=beeagertodo渴望做.
2.dozensof许多twodozeneggs两打鸡蛋somedozen(of)peopletwodozenofmy/thebooks
adozenandahalf=oneandahalfdozen18个
3.Ihavenotimetospare腾出Canyouspareaticketforme匀出sparenoefforts/expense不遗余力
inonesspare/freetime
4.tendto朝某方向/趋于tendtoonesaffairs照料事务tendtoimproveworkingcondtions有助于
5.theaverageman普通人averageout批评/达到平均数onaverage平均
6.linktheorywithpractice理论联系实践linkup把…连接起来Whenshallwelinkup集合/碰头
link(up)with=connectwith与…相连接belinkedto与…相联系havetradelinkswith与…贸易往来
7.themonumenttothePeoplesHeroes人民英雄纪念碑
8.homeandforeignafiars内政外交seesbhome送某人回家makeoneselfathome别拘束
be/feelathome安适homesick想家的homeless无家可归
9.intermsof就…而言/从…角度来说inthelongterm就长期而言beongood/friendlytermswith与…交情好beonspeakingtermswithsb与某人交谈投机onnoterms决不
cometotermswithsb与某人达成协议foratermof4years期限4年
10.intheeyesof在…看来
11.bedistanttowardssb对某人冷淡adistantlook茫然表情inthedistant在远处
keepsbatadistance保持疏远keeponesdistance不亲近
12.lendahand帮助handinhand携手inhand手头上on/athand在手边/即将来临byhand手工
ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面…另一方面handdown=passdown流传handover移交
handsthouttosb分配handin=turnin上交handout分发haveahandin参与/插手
inthehandsof…在…的掌握中givesbahand帮忙shakehandswithsb握手
13.serveas作为/当作
14.digforgold挖掘黄金digintoabook抠书本digout查出digdown挖下去/掏腰包
15.beinterestedin=take/have/feelaninterestin对…感兴趣beofgreatinterest=beveryinteresting
16.goonaholiday去度假beonaholiday在度假中makeholiday度假
haveaholiday=takeaholiday休假
17.asawhole总体上asusual象往常一样aswellas也asfollows如下aslongas只要]
18.fromallsides从四面八方fromsidetosidesidebyside并排
beononesside=beonthesideofsb=takesideswith=takethesideof支持某人
19.givesbanideaof使某人想到amanofideas有见解之人havenoidea=dontknow
20.overadistanceof…跨越…的距离coveranareaof…占地…面积
21.comeintoconflictwith与…发生争执bringsbintoconflict使某人与…发生争执
beinconflictwithsb与某人意见不一beinconflict不一致
22.Iwonderwhatlifewaslike…不知道生活会怎样…nowonder难怪do/workwonders创造奇迹
wonderat/aboutdoingsth对…感到惊讶Itisawonderthat…说来也怪…inwonder惊讶
23.asaresultof=thanksto=becauseof=owingto=dueto=onaccountof由于
24.情态动词+have+过去分词
musthavedone过去一定做了某事
cant/couldnthavedone过去绝对没做某事
may/mighthavedone过去可能做了某事
neednthavedone过去本没必要做某事但做了
couldhavedone过去本来能够做某事而没做
should/oughttohavedone过去本应该做某事而没做
shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone过去本不应该做某事而做了

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