Unit1EatingAroundtheWorld-grammar学案
一.快捷识记
现在分词作状语时,常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况,如:
1.表伴随:伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态,或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的生语,伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的.
"Cantyouread?"Marysaidangrily,pointingtothenotice.
Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.
Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.
Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.
Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.
Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.
2.表原因
Havingeatentoomuch,hecouldn’tgotosleep.
Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.(完成式)
Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.
Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.
Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.
注:
Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.
(分词完成式的肯定式)
Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.
(分词完成式的否定式)
3.表结果
Hisparentswerekilledintheaccident,leavinghimanorphan.
Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.
注:现在分词表示必然结果,前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果,前可加only.
Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.(表示在意料之中)
Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.(表示在意料之外)
4.表时间
Whencrossingtheroad,pleasebecareful.
Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.
OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….
5.表条件
Workinghard,you’llgetagoodachievement.
Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.
6.表让步
Workingsohard,hefailedagain.
使用时注意:
1)分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作;
2)分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的;
3)分词表示的是次要的动作,对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态加以补充说明;
4)表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。
二.随堂练习
()1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(90’全国)
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.
()2.Thecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool(93’全国)
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened
()3.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(94’全国)
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
()4.________isthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(96’全国)
A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose
()5._______thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00’全国春)
()6._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全国夏)
A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered
()7.Theresearcherissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02’全国)A.beginsB.havingbegunD.beginningD.begun
()8.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(00’上海)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
()9.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(02’上海春)
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
()10.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)
A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying
()11.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(02’上海)
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
()12.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(03’上海春)
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
()13.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan______.(03’北京)
A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.havingkept
()14.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)
A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring
()15.________time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(03’北京)
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
(Key:1-5ADDCA6-10ADCAB11-15DAAAD
Unit1friendship-grammar学案Grammar:英语五大基本句型Learningaims:1.tomasterthebasicsentencestructurestentatively2.toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences3.tohavessmakesentencesskillfullyImportantpoints:tomasterthebasicsentencestructuresDifficulties:tomakesentencesusingthebasicsentencestructuresLearingmethods:self-studyingdiscussingandpresentingLearningprocedures:Step1:togivesstheformsofbasicsentencestructures.Step2:toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences.Step3:tomakesentences英语五种基本句型列式如下:(一)基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)
SV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Themanflies.rose.cooked.动脑思考:充当主语的是______词性,充当谓语的______词性。划分句子成分:Wealleat,anddrink.(E—C)Everybodylaughed.1.下课了。_______________________________2..他成了一个著名的医生。
3.这个苹果吃起来真好吃。_____________________________________________(知识衔接)系动词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand(三)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)SV(实义动词)O(宾语)1.She2.He3.Ilaughatunderstandswanther.English.tohaveacupoftea.动脑思考:充当宾语的是______词性划分句子成分:Hemadecakes.(E—C)Theyatesomeapples.Whoknowstheanswer?1.现在我们正在学习句型。(C-E)1.Birdssingbeautifully.
2.WelikeEnglish.
3.Imakeyouclear.
4.Hewentonholiday.
5.Iwanttohelphim.
6.WeareChinese.
7.Igiveyouhelp.
8.Westoppedtohavearest.
9.Illgoswimming.
10.Hesentabooktome.
11.Heboughtacoatforme.
12.WenamedourbabyTom.
二.Readingforfun.
LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.‘Icanthearaword!’Isaidangrily.‘Itsnoneofyourbusiness,’theyoungmansaidrudely.‘Thisisaprivateconversation!’Notesonthetext课文注释1gotothetheatre,去看戏。2gotangry,生气。3turnround,转身,也可用turnaround。4.payattention,注意。5Icouldnotbearit.我无法忍受。其中的it是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。6noneofyourbusiness,不关你的事。自我评价:____________________________________________.古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。怎么才能让高中教案写的更加全面呢?以下是小编收集整理的“Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案”,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。
Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,教师要准备好教案,这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。
Unit1Womenofachievement-grammar学案一、主谓一致
主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即语法形式一致,概念一致(语言内容上一致),毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。
1.语法形式一致:按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式(1)单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:
1)Theperformancewasveryfunny.
2)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
3)Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.
4)Manynaturalmaterialsarebecomingscarce.
5)BothyouandIarestudents.
6)WhatIthinkandwhatIseekhavebeenfairlyreflectedinmypaper.
注1:在what引导的主语从句中,如果主语补语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Whatwehavetolearnarethepiecesoflanguagethatproduceinversion.
注2:修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如:
Theperformanceofthefirstthreeclownswasveryfunny.
(2)由aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,accompaniedby,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如:
1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.
2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.
3)Hissisternolessthanyouiswrong.
4)Thereadingcoursebook,plusitsreferencebooks,ishelpfultocollegestudents.
(3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either,neither,each,one,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nothing,nobody等。例如:
1)Neitherlikesthefriendsoftheother.(两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。)
2)Everythingaroundusismatter.(我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
(4)在neitherof与eitherof的结构里,一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,一般用单数形式。例如:
1)Neitherofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.
2)Haseitherofthembeenseenrecently?
(5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:
1)Thebreadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.(早饭供应黄油面包。)
2)Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.(正在出售黄油和面包。)
(6)当oneof,aportionof,aseriesof,aspeciesof,achainof结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Oneofthosestudentshaspassedtheexamination.
2)Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.
(7)plentyof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,scadsof等+可数与不可数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:
1)Halfofthisbuildingistobecompletedbyspring.
2)Halfofthebuildingshavebeenpaintedcompletely.
3)Thereisplentyofwaterinthepail.
4)Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.
5)Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.
6)Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.
(8)由allof,mostof,alotof,someof,noneof,plentyof,therest,themajorityof等+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。例如:
1)Noneofthebookssatisfythestudents.
2)Noneofthismeatisfittoeat.
3)Alloftheresearchworkwasdesignedbythechiefengineer.
4)Allofthestudentsareagainsttheplanforanoutingatthistimeoftheterm.
5)Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.
6)Themajorityofcriminalsarenon-violent.
(9)由morethanone(或morethanone+单数名词),manya+单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.
2)Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.
注:如果morethan后面是复数名词,则谓语动词要用复数。
例如:Morethantwohundredstudentshaveattendedthelecture.
(10)quantityof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;quantitiesof+可数与不可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
1)Greatquantitiesofmilkareneededinthiscity.
2)Thereisalargequantityofmilk.
(11)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of+名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:
1)Overthree-quartersoftheswamplandhasbeenreclaimed.
2)Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.
(12)定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:
1)Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.
2)“Keepcool”isthefirstoftherulesthataretoberememberedinanaccident.
注:当one之前有theonly等限定词修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.概念一致(语言内容上一致)
(1)有些集合名词如crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦乐队),group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:
1)Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.
2)Hisfamilyareverywell.
3)Thepublicis/arerequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.
注:如这类词后跟有定语从句时,定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则,强调具体成员时,谓语动词用复数,关系代词用who;强调整体时,谓语动词用单数,关系代词用which。例如:
1)Thegovernmentwhowereresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.
2)Thegovernmentwhichwasresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.
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