Lesson4DreamHouses-grammar学案
语法知识:定语从句
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
5.先行词:被限制或修饰的主句的主语。
(一)限定性定语从句
一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)指人
指物
关系代词
Who,whom,that,whose
That,which
二、关系副词(在句中作状语)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
表原因:why=forwhich
表地点:where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
表时间:when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
(二)非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who,whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物.;
(三)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导。
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose.
3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者
(四)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
(五)关系代词that的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b) 在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c) 先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway时
(六)as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
1)Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.
2)Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
作为杰出的教学工作者,能够保证教课的顺利开展,作为教师就需要提前准备好适合自己的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,帮助教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“Lesson4CarCulture教案”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
Lesson4CarCulture教案
Teachingaims:
Topractisemakingnotesoftheimportantinformationformareadingtext.
Topractiseusingcolloctions
Totalkabouttrafficandtrafficproblems
Teachingaids:CAI
Teachingprocedures:
Step1.Warmingup
Readthoughthequestionswiththeclass.
Givestudentstimetothinkabouttheanswers,thenhaveindividualstelltheclassabouttheirfamilyandcars.
Step2.Pre-reading
Beforestudentslookthewordsupindictionary,encouragethemtoguessthemeaningbyseeingifthewordissimilartoawordintheirlanguage,orbybreakingtheworddownintotwoparts.
Explainsomeofthefollowingthingsthatcanbeseeninthephotos.
Step3.Reading
Task1readstrategieswiththeclass.
Taks2.lookattheheadingsinthenotesanddiscusswhatinformationisneededtocompletethenotes.
Writethesewordsontheboardandaskstudentshowtheycanbeabbreviated
Studentsthenworkindividually,readingthearticleandcompletingthenotes.
Task3.exercise4
Studentsworkinpairs,readingthetextagainanddiscussingtheanswerstothequestions
Taks4.exercise5.
Asawholeclass,studentsdiscusswhichofthethreesentencesbestsummarizesthewriter’sattitudetocars.Encouragestudentstoarguefortheirownopinion.
Step4.Speaking
Ingroupsoffourorfive,studentsdiscusstheanswerstothequestions.
Thegroupthenreportbacktowholeclassandseehowsimilartheiranswersare.
作为优秀的教学工作者,在教学时能够胸有成竹,作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础,使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢?下面是小编精心收集整理,为您带来的《Unit4Lesson4VirtualTourim教案》,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
Unit4Lesson4VirtualTourim教案
Objectives
·Todevelopstrategiestomatchtopicswithparagraphs.
·Topractiseusinglinkingwords(addition)–also,aswellas,too
·Tolistentoatalktofindoutmainfacts.
Warmup
1.Doyouliketravelling?
2.HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?Nowtoday,wearegoingtotraveltoNewZealand.
3.WhereisNewZealand?
Showamapoftheworld,letstudentspointoutthepositionofNewZealand.thenamapofNewZealand,tellingthemNewZealandismadeupoftwoislands.Atthesametimeshowstudentsitsnationalflagandotherinformation.
Population:4,107,000
Capital:Wellington;343,000
Area:270,534squarekilometers(104,454squaremiles)
Language:English,MaoriReligion
NewZealandisaverybeautifulcountry,itsculture,climateandtraditionaredifferentfromtheseofourcountry.Everyyearitattractsagreatmanytourists.TodaywemainlytalkaboutAuckland.NowlookatthephotosandguessafewthingsaboutAuckland.
Reading
1.TrueorFalse?
Listentothetape,arethesestatementstrueorfalse?
1)AucklandwasoncethecapitalofNewZealand.
2)AucklandislocatedonNorthIsland.
3)SkyTowerisAuckland’stallestbuilding
4)MaoriswerethefirstpeopleofNewZealand.
5)Theclimateissuitableforwatersports.
6)ThearticlereferstousAucklandispopularasatravelingcity.
Answers:TTFTTT
2.Dotheexercise3.Readthetextandcompletethetablebelow.
3.Dotheexercise4.
Matchthetopicsa-fwiththefiveparagraphsinthetext.Thereisoneextratopic.
Post-Reading
Dotheexercise5
Matchthisinformationwiththewordsinblueinthetext.Thesearecalled“hotwords”.Onarealinternetpageyoucan“click”onthesewordstogetmoreinformation.
Vocabulary
1.populationn.
人口;(动物的)种群
Whatisthepopulationofthiscity?
这个城市的人口是多少?
住在某一地区的人;生长于某一地区的动物
Thepopulationinthesevillagesstilluseswellwater.
住在这些乡村里的人依然饮用井水。
2.locatevt.
Thenewbuildingwillbelocatedinthecenteroftown.
这座大楼将建在市中心。
Theirfactoryislocatedatthefootofthemountain.
他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。
3.settlevt.,vi.
定居;使定居
MysonhassettledhappilyinAmerica.
我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。
安置;安顿
Wearesettledinournewhome.
我们住入新居。
Speaking
ImagineyouhaveaweekendinAuckland.Chooseplacesyouwouldliketovisitandthingsyouwouldliketodo.Thenworkinpairs.PlanaweekendtogetherinAuckland.
Homework:
TherearesometouristfromAmerica.TheyaregoingtovisitZhongshan.SupposeyouwereatourguideinZhongshan,HowwouldyouliketointroduceZhongshantothetourists?(图见后附)
Writing
WriteanE-mailtoapenfriendwhoisfromAmericaaboutZhongshan.
1.Introduction/history
Zhongshan
located:……
general:modern/beautifulcity
population:almost_______
history:…….
2:Thingstosee:
Placestovisit:……
3:Thingstod
Sports:
tourism:WuguiMountain
气候湿润,多雨;全年平均气温约为摄氏22度 warm;plentyofsunshine Climate 石岐步行街;孙中山故居; 紫马岭公园;岐江公园;中山詹园;…… MtEden;ParnellVillage; SkyTower; …… Famoussights 距今有800多年历史 ahistoryof650years history 位于广东省珠江三角洲南部 ThePearlRiverDelta inNorthIsland location 人口约235万 lessthanamillion population Zhongshan Auckland PedestrianStreet FormerResidentofSunYet-san 一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备,作为教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,帮助教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢?小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“Lesson4VirtualTourim教案”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。 文章来源:http://m.jab88.com/j/29610.htmlLesson4VirtualTourim教案
Objectives
Topractiseintensiveandextensivereadingskills(anticipatingmeaning,scanning).
Todevelopstrategiestomatchtopicswithparagraphs.
Toidentifyimportantwordsinatext.
Topractiseusinglinkingwords(addition)–also,aswellas,too
Topractisecollocationswithdoandmake.
Tolistentoatalktofindoutmainfacts.
Pre-Reading
1.Doyouliketravelling?HaveyoubeentoNewZealand?Nowtoday,wearegoingtotraveltoNewZealand.WhereisNewZealand?
ShowsomepicturesaboutNewZealand
2.LookatthephotosandguessafewthingsaboutAuckland.
Example
Aucklandisnearthesea.
Reading
1.TrueorFalse?
Listentothetape,arethesestatementstrueorfalse?
1)AucklandisthecapitalofNewZealand.
2)AucklandislocatedonSouthIsland.
3)SkyTowerisAuckland’stallestTower.
4)MaoriswerethefirstpeopleofNewZealand.
5)TheclimateinAucklandiswetandrainy.
6)It’stheparadise(天堂)forwaterlovers.
Answers:FFTTFT
2.Readthetextandcompletethetablebelow.
Populationlessthanamillion
LocationOnNorthIsland
History*Maorissettled650yearsago
Europeansettlementbeganin1840
Famoussights*MtEden;*Parnellvillage;
*AucklandHarbourBridge;
*SkyTower;*Aucklandmuseum;
ClimateWarm,plentyofsunshine
3.Matchthetopicsa-fwiththefiveparagraphsinthetext.Thereisoneextratopic.
a)thehistoryofthecity□
b)travellinks□
c)thingstoseeinAuckland□
d)night-lifeinAuckland□
e)forwaterlovers□
f)NewZealand’slargestcity□
Answers:25341
Post-Reading
Matchthisinformationwiththewordsinblueinthetext.Thesearecalled“hotwords”.Onarealinternetpageyoucan“click”onthesewordstogetmoreinformation.
1NewZealandproducesironandsteel,machinesandcars.
2ThefirstpeopleofNewZealandcamefromotherPacificislands.
3ThecapitalofNewZealandisontheCookStrait,whichseparatesthetwoislands.
4Thisbridgeisoneofthecity’smostfamoussights.Itwasbuiltin1959.
5NewZealanddoesnotallownuclearmaterialsanywhereinthecountry.
1businessandindustry
2Maori
3Wellington
4AucklandHarbourBridge
5nuclear-freezone
Vocabulary
1.populationn.
人口;(动物的)种群
Whatisthepopulationofthiscity?
这个城市的人口是多少?
住在某一地区的人;生长于某一地区的动物
Thepopulationinthesevillagesstilluseswellwater.
住在这些乡村里的人依然饮用井水。
2.locatevt.
找到…位置
Icannotlocatetheshop.
我找不到这家商店。
设置;住(在)
Thenewbuildingwillbelocatedinthecenteroftown.
这座大楼将建在市中心。
Theirfactoryislocatedatthefootofthemountain.
他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。
3.settlevt.,vi.
定居;使定居
MysonhassettledhappilyinAmerica.
我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。
安置;安顿
Wearesettledinournewhome.
我们住入新居。
落下;栖息
Theinsectsettledonaleaf.
一只昆虫落在一片树叶上。
使平静,使安静,使镇静
Waituntiltheexcitementhassettleddown.
等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。
Speaking
ImagineyouhaveaweekendinAuckland.Chooseplacesyouwouldliketovisitandthingsyouwouldliketodo.Thenworkinpairs.PlanaweekendtogetherinAuckland.
Example
A:Whydon’twevisitAucklandMuseumonSaturdaymorning?
B:That’sagoodidea.Doyoufancygoingtothebeachafterthat?
Telltheclasswhatyouhavedecidedtodo.
Homework:
TherearesometouristfromAmerica.TheyaregoingtovisitZhongshan.SupposeyouwereatourguideinZhongshan,HowwouldyouliketointroduceZhongshantothetourists?(图见后附)
Writing
WriteanE-mailtoapenfriendwhoisfromAmericaaboutZhongshan.
1.Introduction/history
Zhongshan
located:……
general:modern/beautifulcity
population:almost_______
history:…….
2:Thingstosee:
Placestovisit:……
3:Thingstodo:
Sports:
tourism:WuguiMountain 猜你喜欢
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