TeachingAims:
1.Learnandmasterthewordsandexpressions.
2.TraintheSs’readingability.
3.Practisewritingthesummaryofaparagraph.
TeachingImportantPoints:
1.HowtoimprovetheSs’readingability.
2.EnabletheSstomasterhowtousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.
TeachingDifficultPoints:
HowtogettheSstograspthemainideaofaparagraphwhentheyarereading.
TeachingMethods:
1.Ask-and-answeringmethodtogothroughthetext.
2.DiscussiontomaketheSsgraspthemainideaofapassage.
3.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudentwork.
TeachingAids:
1.acomputer
2.ataperecorder
3.theblackboard
TeachingProcedures:
StepIRevision
T:Makesentencesusingtheusefulwordsandexpressions.Checkhomework.
StepIIPreparationforreading
Readthenewwordsandexpressions.
Level,association,junior,postcode,senior,proficiency,option,broaden,horizon,appropriate,fallbehind
StepIIIReading
T:Whatisthebestwaytodothisistogotoacountrywherethelanguageisspoken.Becauseifwearethere,whatwehear,seeandmeetarethere,whatwehear,seeandmeetareallforeign.Aslongaswecommunicatewithotherswemustusetheforeignlanguage.Ithinkinsuchanatmosphereanyonecanlearnaforeignlanguagefaster.Readthetextandanswerthequestion:Isitpossibletostudyabroad?Whatshouldwedotobeginwith?
S1:Yes,itis.
S2:Weshouldfindoutasmuchaspossibleaboutdifferentprogrammes,includingthecostandlengthofourstay.
T:Discussthequestion:Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofstudyingabroad?
S3:Advantages:
(1Theywillbecomefluentinthenewlanguage.
(2)Theywillalsolearnmanyotherthingsthatareevenmoreimportant.
(3)Theywillmakefriendswithpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsandunderstandanotherculture.
(4)Theywilllearnaboutthemselvesandtheirownculture.Thisisperhapsthemostvaluable.
S4:Disadvantages:
Someofthemmayfallbehindintheirstudies.
Manyparentsworryaboutthesafetyoftheirchildren.
Theymayalsobeconcernedaboutthecost.
T:Ifyouwereofferedachancetostudyabroadforayear,wouldyouliketogo?Whyorwhynot?
S:IfIamofferedachancetostudyabroadforayear,I’llbegladtodoso.I’dliketogotoBritain.BecauseIcanlearnpureEnglishthere.TheEnglishmenarefriendly.I’msureIwouldlearnalotaboutthecountryanditsculture.
StepIVListeningandReadingaloud
Listentothetapeforthefirsttime.Thenlistenandfollowitinalowvoiceandreaditaloud.Checkifyouhaveanyquestions.
StepVHomework
GooveralltheimportantpointslearntinthisunitandcompletetheapplicationonP72.
AWorldofLearning,InternationalStudentExchangeAgency
1234SchoolStreet
Anytown,CA65432
USA
Familyname:YangGivenname:Wenguang
Dateofbirth(MM/DD/YY):May10,1985Sex:Male
Nationality:ChineseNativelanguage:Chinese
Addresspostcode:No.15,8thStreetChaoyangDistrict,Beijing100021
Phonenumber:010-873253E-mailaddress:
Currentschoolandlevelstudy:No.1MiddleSchoolofChaoyangDistrict
Englishlanguageproficiencyandyearsofstudy:GraduatedfromSeniorMiddleSchool,Sixyears
Countryinwhichyouwouldliketostudy:TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Coursesyouwouldliketotake:Englishliterature
Essay:Writeanessayandtellusbrieflyaboutyourselfandwhyyouwanttobeanexchangestudent.
StepVITheDesignoftheWritingontheBb
Unit8Learningaforeignlanguage
TheFourthPeriod
Summaryofthetext:Studyingabroad.
P1:Itispossibleforastudentofanyleveltostudyaforeignlanguageinacountrywherethelanguageisspoken.
P2:Advantagesofstudyingabroad.
P3:Disadvantagesofstudyingabroad.
P4:Whatshouldyoudoinordertostudyabroad?
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
Level,association,junior,postcode,senior,proficiency,option,broaden,horizon,appropriate,fallbehind
一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备,准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助授课经验少的高中教师教学。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?以下是小编为大家收集的“Unit8learningaforeignlanguage”相信您能找到对自己有用的内容。
Unit8learningaforeignlanguage
整体感知
单元要点
Wordstudy
1.motivation2.dictation3.alphabet4.stick5.acquire6.acqision7.auful8.instruct9.data10.academct11.comprehension12.anxious13.secure14.translator15.interpreter16.everyday17.patience18.adopt19.tyre20.overweight21.operation22.level23.junior24.senior25.association26.appropriate27.postcode
1.动机2.听写3.字母表4.粘贴5.获得6.获得7.可怕的8.指导9.数据10.学术的;大学生11.理解(力)12.忧虑的13.安全的14.译者15.口译者16.日常的17.耐心的18.收养、采纳19.轮胎20.超重的21.手术运转22.水平23.年少的24.较年长的,年长者25.社团26.合适的27.邮政编码
Usefulexpressions
1.makesenseof2.takerisks3.experimentwith4.pilesof5.knockdown6.fallbehind7.inotherwords
1.理解2.冒险3.实验4.成堆的5撞倒6落后7.换句话说
SentencepatterncommunicativeEnglish
First,youshould……
Whatdoyouthink……
Whatadvicewouldyougive……
MakesurethatyoudoIdon’t……
Youcanalso……
It/thiswillhelpyou……
Theydobetterin……
Themore……thebetter.
Iftheywerenot,theywouldnot……
Notallofuswaittobetranslatororinterpreters.
Twiceashard
Grammar
复习虚拟语气(theSubjunctiveMood)
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
IfyouweretospendasmanyhoursstudyingEnglish,youwouldmakegreatprogress.
2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用:Itistimethatweshouldleave.
Topicswriting
练习应用文的写作方法和技巧。背景知识
BBCEnglish
Oneofthebestwaystolearnaforeignlanguageistofollowthemethodyouusetolearnyournativelanguage.Asachildyouhearthesoundsofyourownlanguageandyourepeatit.Youseethewrittenformofthelanguagearoundyouandlittlebylittleyouaretaughttolinkthetwoformsofthelanguage.TheBBCusesthismethodinmanydifferentways.
Englishteachingradioprograms
Withexplanationsin37languagesaswellascompletelyinEnglish,theseprogramarebroadcasttomostareasoftheworldfromLondonandbysome300overseasradiostationsinmorethan100countries.
Coursesoftextbooksandaudiocassettes
TheseaudiocoursesareforpeoplewhowishtolearnEnglishathomeorintheclassroom.TheycanallbeusedforstudyingEnglishfrombeginners’leveltoadvanced.
Videocourses
BBCEnglishprogramshavebeenbroadcastsuccessfullyontelevisioninmorethan100countries.Theycanalsobegotonvideo.Withsupportingtextbooksandaudiocassettes;theyformcompletecoursesforhomestudyorteaching.
Amagazine
TheBBCEnglishmagazineisabi-monthlypublicationandisacompaniontoBBCEnglishradiobroadcasts.Itiswrittenbytheprogrammakersandincludesprogramdetails,practicalhomestudyexercisesandfeatures,aswellasitemsofgeneralinterestfromBBCprogramsdealingwithscience,medicine,technology,etc.
Englishlanguagesummerschool
ThispopularcourseforlearnersandteachersofEnglishisheldinLondoneverysummer.
细说教材
warmingup
Memorizenewwords.记新单词。
[点拨]memorize用法小结:
memorize+名词
e.g.1.Hecouldmemorizenothing.他什么也记不住。
e.g.2.Theyarebeginningthetaskofmemorizingthedialogue.他们正开始记对话。
另外与memorize相关的词有:memory记忆,记忆力
memoirs回忆录memorable值得怀念的memorial纪念碑
Practicedictation.练习听写。
[点拨]dictation用法举例:
eg.1.Howmanyspellingmistakesarethereinyourdictation?
你的默写有多少个拼写错误?
eg.2.Handinyourdictations,please.
请把听写簿交上来。
eg.3.Ihavethemwriteoutthewholedictation.
我让他们把听到的全写出来。
Asktheteachertomakecorrections.请老师批改。
[点拨]correction用法举例:
eg.1.Thesepapersareinneedofcorrection.
这些讲义需要订正。
eg.2.Thecorrectionofcompositionstakesalargepartoftheteacher’stime.
作文的批改花费了老师大量的时间。
[点拨]有些make与名词构成的词组相当于名词的同根动词。
eg.makecorrections=correct
makeanapology=apologize
makeanexplanation=explain
Thisisacall-inshow.这是电话讨论节目。[点拨]call-in此处为“打(电话)进来” 动词词组callin还有以下用法: eg.1.Iformedthehabitofcallinginonhimintheevening. 我养成了晚上去看他的习惯。 eg.2.Yourfatherisveryill;youshouldcallinadoctoratonce. 你父亲病的很重,你应该立刻请医生。 eg.3.Thelibrarianhascalledinallthebooks. 图书管理员收回了所有的书。 Askquestionsaboutthetopicbeingdiscussed.咨询正在讨论的话题。 [点拨]本句中的beingdiscussed为现在分词的被动语态作定语,意为“正在被讨论的”。比较下列句子中动词不定式作定语、过去分词作定语与现在分词坐定语的区别: eg.1.Theywereinvitedtothepartytobeheldnextweek. 他们被邀请去参加下周将要举行的聚会。 eg.2.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday. 他出席了昨晚举行的会议。 Whodoyouthinktakepartinthediscussion?你认为谁会参加这场讨论?[点拨]takepartin,attend,join之间的区别: takepartin常用于参加各种活动; eg:TheSwissdidnottakepartinthetwoworldwars. 瑞士人民没有参加两次世界大战。 另外takea...partin还有“起……作用”的意思。 attend常用于出席会议、婚礼等或作上学、上课讲。 eg.1.Hedecidedtoattendtheconferenceinperson. 他决定亲自出席会议。 eg.2.Marrydidnotattendthewedding. 玛丽没有参加婚礼。 eg.3.Iattendedtwolecturecoursesunderhim. 我听了他的两次讲座。 join参加或加入某一团体或组织,或加入成为其中的一员 eg.1.Infourmonths,morethan240000workersjoinedtheCommunistParty. 在四个月内有24万工人加入了共产党。 eg.2.Willyoujoinusfordinner? 我们一起吃饭吧? speaking IalwaysgetstuckwhenIcomeacrossanewword. 遇到生词时我总是被难住。[点拨]getstuck=bestuck为被动语态,stick被用作动词时本意为“固定”,在不同情况下译法不同。 eg.1.Iwasstuckbythequestion. 我被这问题难住了。 eg.2.Asitwasgrowingdark,Icametoacarstuckinadrift. 天快黑时,我来到了一辆陷入雪堆里的汽车跟前。 stick另一种用法为“伸出来”常于out,outof或up连用。 eg.1.Hesawabranchstickingupinthewater. 他看见一根树枝露出水面。 eg.2.Fromspacetheearthlikeahugewater-coveredglobewithafewpatchesoflandstickingoutabovethewater. 从太空看,地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体,上面有几块突出水面的陆地。 固定短语stickto粘住;坚持;坚守 eg.1.Gluehasstucktomyfingers.胶水粘住了我的手指。 eg.2.ButEinsteinstucktohistheoryandwentonwithhisresearch. 但是爱因斯坦坚持他的理论,继续从事他的研究。 注意:stickto中的to是介词,后跟名词,名词性从句或代词,不能跟动词,也不跟动名词,即使表示“坚持干某事之意”。 如:sticktoone’splans坚持方案,sticktoone’spromise坚守诺言,sticktoit不停地努力,IsticktowhatIsaidyesterday.我仍然坚持我昨天的话。 而insiston多用于“坚持意见、看法、主张。后常接动词的-ing形式: eg.Iinsistontellinghimhowgreatyouare. 我一定要告诉他你是多么的了不起。 [点拨]comeacross译为“偶然遇到”“偶然发现” eg.IcomeacrossherinParis.我在巴黎偶然遇到了她。 come构成的短语有:comeabout发生comeat袭击 comeintobeing产生comebacktolife复活 comeback回来,想起comeout出版,印刷comeup出现,发芽 IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforsolongnow.到现在我已经学了很久的英语了。 [点拨]havebeendoing为现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,有可能继续延续下去或动作刚刚停止。 eg.1.Alltheseyearstheyhavebeenfightingheroicallyforindependence. 这些年来他们一直为独立而英勇战斗。 eg.2.Theyhavebeenmakingoiledpaperumbrellasformorethan400years. 他们制造油纸雨伞已经有四百多年的历史了。 ……butnowIfeelasifI’mnotmakinganyprogress.可是现在我感觉好象没有进展。 [点拨]asif/though意为“就像……似的,就仿佛……似的”连词词性,引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气。 eg.1.Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday. 我记得事情的全部经过就像发生在昨天一样。 eg.2.AsifIcared!我才不在乎呢! 当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,从句谓语中又包含动词be时,这个主语和动词be省略。 eg.1.Fromtimetotime,Johnturnedaroundasif(hewas)searchingsomething. 约翰不时的转过身来仿佛在找什么东西。 eg.2.Hepaused,asiftoletthepainfulmemoriespass. 他顿了顿,像要避开那些痛苦的回忆。 [点拨]makeprogress意为“前进、进展、取得进步、(病情)有好转”,progress为不可数名词。 eg.1.Janeisstillinhospital,butsheismakingprogress. 简仍在医院里,但她的病情正有所好转。 eg.2.HemadegreatprogressinspeakingEnglish. 他在英语口语方面已大有进展。 Reading Learningaforeignlanguage:Twiceashard?学习外语:双倍的努力? [点拨]此句为省略句,完整的句子应为:Doeslearningaforeignlanguagehavetobetwiceashardaslearningourmothertongue? as…as用于事物比较时,根据上下文可以省略被比较部分。 eg.1.Iworkveryhard,butshedoesn’tworkashard(asme). 我工作很努力,但她工作不如我努力。 eg.2.Iplaytenniswell.Youcan’texpecttoplaytennisaswell(asme). 我乒乓球打得好。你不能期望像我一样好。 eg.3.IfyouweretospendasmanyhoursstudyingEnglish,youwouldmakeprogress. 如果你花同样多的时间学英语,你会有进步的。 Learningalanguageisobviouslymorethanjustmemorywords,phraseandstructures.学习语言显然不仅仅是记忆单词、词汇或句型。 [点拨]morethan意为“不仅仅是”: eg:Heismorethanourteacher.Heisourfriend. 他不仅仅是我们的老师还是我们的朋友。 morethan还有“超过”、“很”、“非常”的意思: Theyweremorethangladtohelp. 他们非常乐意帮助。 Insteadwelearntoracquiredourmothertonguebycommunicatingwiththepeoplearoundus.相反,通过与周围人的交流我们学会我们的母语。 [点拨]acquire经过一个过程或通过自己的努力等得到 eg.1.Bythetime,Jameswastwenty,hehadacquiredastoreofhisown. 詹姆斯20岁的时候,他拥有了自己的店铺。 eg.2.It’ssometimespossibleforastudenttomasterEnglishgrammarandacquirealargevocabulary,evenwithoutthehelpofateacher. 即使没有老师的帮助,学生也有可能掌握英语语法和大量的词汇。 [点拨]communicatewith意为“与……交流/联系”: eg:Theyusedcarrierpigeonstocommunicatewithheadquarters. 他们用信鸽与总部联系。 Andperhapsmostpuzzlingofall,howwereweabletomakesenseofwhatweheard. 大概最令人迷惑不解的是,我们如何能够理解我们听到的话。 [点拨]mostpuzzlingofall最令人迷惑不解的 mostimportantofall最为重要的 [点拨]makesenseofsth弄懂……意思: eg:Canyoumakesenseofthispoem? 你懂得这首诗的含义吗? makesense有意义 eg:Whatyousaydoesn’tmakesense/makenosense. 你的话毫无意义。 Somebelievethatweareequippedwithaspecialabilitytolearnlanguageandourbrainadjustitselftothelanguageoftheculturewearebornin. 有人认为我们具备特殊的学语言能力,而且我们的大脑能够自我协调以适应我们本族文化的语言。 [点拨]equipAwithB用B装备A eg:ThePLAmenareequippedwithmodernweapons. 解放军战士是用现代化武器装备起来的。 [注意]equip是指“加设备(或装置)于……”,它的宾语不能是指被设备或被装置的东西的词。 eg:可以说Theyequippedthearmywithmodernweapons. 但不可以说:Theyequippedmodernweaponswiththearmy. [点拨]adjustoneself/s.th.to eg.1.Thebodyadjustsitselftochangesintemperature. 身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。 eg.2.Youcan’tseewellthroughatelescopeunlessitisadjustedcorrectlytoyoursight.除非你把望远镜准确的调节到适合你的视力,否则就看不清楚。 Well-adjusted与他人关系和谐的,善于顺应的 Othersthinkthatwelearnlanguageinthesameway…andthatwhatwearebornwithisa….另一些人认为和学习其他事物一样,比如走路,解决问题等,我们用同样的方式学习语言,我们与生俱来的是一种学和用的综合能力,而不是专门的语言学习能力[点拨]上一句的some,与这一句的others构成固定的句型搭配some…others/other+n(pl)…意为“一些……另一些……”。 [点拨]thatwelearnlanguage…与thatwhatwearebornwith…为谓语动词think的并列宾语从句,第一个引导词that可以省略,但第二个引导词that不可省略。 [点拨]inthesameway之后省略的关系代词that或inwhich与welearnotherthings一起构成way的定语从句。 Regardlessoftheirtheories,theselanguageexpertsdoagreethat… 尽管众说纷纭,这些语言专家都承认生活是一所成功的语言学校。 [点拨]regardlessof意为:不顾,不注意, eg.1.regardlessoftheconsequences不顾后果 eg.2.regardlessofexpense不考虑费用 其反义为regardfulof注意关心 eg:Bemoreregardfulofyourowninterests. 请多注意你自己的利益。 Thatmaynotseemtruetoyou.对你来说那也许不是真的。 [点拨]maynot表猜测时意为“也许不”,而cann’t用于猜测时表示绝对否定“不可能”。 eg:Shecan’tbeserious.她不可能是当真的。 Shemaynotbeserious.她也许不会当真。Butonceyouconsiderthesituationfurther,youwillrealizethatthisisindeedthecase.但是一旦你更仔细地考虑这种情况,你会发现这的的确确是真的 [点拨]This/That’sthecase=This/That’strue.thecase实情,真相 eg.1.Isitthecasethatyouhavelostallyourmoney? 你的钱全部都损失了,是真的吗? eg.2.Ifthat’sthecase,youwillhavetoworkmuchharder. 如果情形是那样的话,你将必须更加努力工作。 Asitoftenthecasewith…这是常有的事inanycase无论如何incase万一 …inotherwords,youwerestudyingthelanguagealldaylong! 换句话说,你一直在学这种语言。 [点拨]inotherwords意为“换句话说”,类似于“that’stosay、namely”等。 eg:Inotherwords,hecheatedus.换句话说,他欺骗了我们。 与word构成短语有:inaword总之,简言之eatone’swords认错,收回前言并道歉,getinaword插话,haveawordwith与某人谈话,breakone’sword/promise食言,失信 固定句型:wordcomethat…消息传来 …sothatisanawfullotofhours.所以说那是极长的时间。 [点拨]sothat在此句中不是固定短语“以便,以致于…”的意思。此处so为连词,that在句子中充当主语。 IfyouspendasmanyhoursstudyingEnglish…如果你花同样多的时间学英语…… [点拨]此句为省略句,呈前省略了“asstudyingyourmothertongue.” IfyouweretospendasmanyhoursstudyingEnglish,youwouldmakegreatprogress.如果你花同样多的时间学习英语,你将会取得很大的进步. [点拨]此句为虚拟语气,对未发生事情或情况的虚拟,从句用“主语+should/wereto/过去式”,主句用“主语+would/should/could+动词原形。” eg:Howniceitwouldbeifwewerestilllivingby2100! 如果到2100年我们仍活着的话,该多好啊! Wehavetextbooks,teachersandclassmatestoinstructandassistusintheprocess… 在学习的过程中,我们有教科书,有老师来指导我们,有同学帮助我们… [点拨]①instruct+n教授… eg:instructaclassinhistory教授一个班的历史 instructrecruits教新兵 ②instructsbtodosth指导某人做某事 eg:instructsbhowtowork指导某人如何工作 [点拨]assist(sb)withsth/indoing/todosth:援助/帮助某人做某事,比help较正式。 eg.1.Sheemployedawomantoassistherwiththehousework. 她雇了一个妇女来帮忙做家务。 eg.2.Heaskedustoassisthimincarryingthroughtheirplan. 他请求我们协助他完成他们的计划。 Thedatasuggeststhatwhatsuccessfullanguagelearnershaveincommonis,amongotherthings,aninterest…ability.数据显示成功语言学习者共同拥有的是:了解自身的兴趣,对世界的好奇心,抢抓机遇和对自己能力的自信。 [点拨]这是一个长句,that引导的宾语从句中,“Whatsuccessfullanguagelearnershaveincommon”作宾语从句中的主语.“is”为系动词,aninterest…ability作为并列表语。 Activelearnersareabletoacquirenewskillsfasterandputwhattheyknowtobetteruse.积极学习者能够更快获得新技巧而且更好的学以致用。 [点拨]puttouse固定搭配意为“加以利用” eg.1Heputshistrainingtogooduseinhisjob. 他把他受到的业务培训很好地利用到工作中来。 eg.2.It’sapitytothrowanythingawayifitcanbeputtouse. 东西只要还可以加以利用,扔掉了总是可惜的。 Asaconsequence,theydobetterinareassuchasreadingcomprehension,… 结果,他们阅读理解、词汇学习、写和说方面做得更好。 [点拨]asaconsequence=inconsequence=asaresult eg:wehadn’tenoughmoneytopayourbusfare,andasaconsequence,wehavetowalk.我们没有足够的钱坐公交车,结果不得不步行。 as/inaconsequence=asaresultof由于…… eg:Asaconsequenceofhislaziness,hewasfired. 由于懒惰,他被解雇了。 另外,consequence还有“重要,要紧”的意思 eg:It’sofnoconsequence.不打紧 Thelessanxiousandmorerelaxedthelearner,thebetterthelanguageacquisitionproceeds.学习者越放松,越不紧张,语言的获得进展越好。 [点拨]theadj/adv(比较级)…,the+adj/adv(比较级)… 译为“越……越……” Thesooner,thebetter.越快越好。 [点拨]anxious用法小结 1.beanxioustodosth(forsth)急于/渴望干某事或得到某物 eg.1.Theyareanxioustoknowtheresult.他们急于知道结果。 eg.2.Theboywasanxiousforanewpen.那个男孩渴望有一支新钢笔。 2.beanxiousabout=beworriedabout为……担忧 eg:Somepeopleareanxiousaboutthefuture.有些人对前途感到不安。 (辨析)anxious和eager都有“渴望”“急于”的意思,但用法略有不同,anxious着重指焦急、着急或担心,eager着重指对成功的期望或进取的热情。 eg.1.Weareanxioustoarrivehomebeforedark. 我们急于在天黑之前到家。 eg.2.Weareeagertojointhearmy.我们渴望参军。 Theyaremorewillingtotakerisks…. 他们更愿意冒险。 [点拨]take/runrisks/arisk意为“冒险” eg:She’stoosensibletotakeariskwhenshe’sdriving. 她在开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。 Take/runriskofdoingsth冒险做某事:冒……之险 eg:Hewasreadytorun/taketheriskofbeingtakenprisonerbytheenemy. 他愿意冒被敌人俘虏的危险。 Iftheywerenot,theywouldn’tbereadytoexperimentwithnewformsandtomakemistakes,allofwhichcontributetotheirincreasedabilitytolearn. 如果他们不自信,他们不会愿意去尝试新的形式去出错,而只有尝试新的事物及错误的纠正才有助于学习能力的提高。 [点拨]experimentwith试验,试用 eg.1.Inordertodiscoverthecropsmostsuitedtothesoil,theyexperimentedwithvariouskindsofgrain. 为了发现最适合土壤的庄稼,他们试验了各种谷物。 eg.2.Thatmanisexperimentingwithdyestogetthecolorhewants. 那人正用染料做试验想要获得他所想要的颜色。 [点拨]contributeto用法小结 eg.1捐赠、捐助contributetotheRedCross捐助红十字会 eg.2有助于,促成Drinkcontributetohisruins.饮酒促成了他的毁灭。 eg.3投稿于:Mr.GreenhascontributedpoemstotheLondonMagazineforseveralyears.格林先生向《伦敦杂志》投诗稿已有几年了。 Notallofuswanttobetranslatorsorinterpreters. 并不是每个人都想成为一个翻译者或口译者。 Grammar Ihavepilesofhomeworktodo,thereforeIcan’trelax. 我有许多作业要做,因此,我无法放松。[点拨]pilesof意为“一堆堆的,成堆的” eg:apileofbooks一堆书pilesofbooks一堆堆的书 pile亦可用作动词,词组pileup意为“累积”“堆积” eg:Myworkkeepspilingup.我的工作越积越多。 Mostexchangestudentssaythattheyfeelasiftheyweretrulypart oftheirhostfamiliesandthattheywillalwaysstayintouch.许多交流学生说他们觉得他们真正成了房东家庭的一员而且他们将永远保持联系。 [点拨]此句中thattheyfeel…andthattheywill…intouch构成谓语say的并列宾语从句,其中第二个that在句中不可省略。 [点拨]stayintouch=keepintouch意为“保持联系”,touch后常与介词with搭配意思为“与……的联系”。 与touch构成的其他短语有:beintouchwith和……有联系be/getoutoftouchwith脱离、失去联系bring…intouchwith使接触,使认识getintouchwith和……取得联系losetouchwith与……失去联系 What’sperhapsthemostvaluableiswhatyoulearnaboutyourselfandyourownculture. 可能最重要的便是你对自身和所属文化的了解。 [点拨]名词性从句whatis…以及whatyou…ownculture分别充当主语和表语从句,其中what可以理解成somethingthat. eg:Ourhometownisn’twhatitusedtobe.我们的家乡不再是过去的样子。 Integratingskill Manylanguagelearnersthinkthatthebestwaytolearnalanguageistospendtimeinacountrywherethelanguageisspoken.许多语言学习者认为学语言最好的方式就是去在讲这种语言的国度里呆上一段时间。 [点拨]1.这是一个长句,主句为manylanguagelearnersthinkthat…,在that引导的宾语从句中,thebestway作主语,tolearnalanguage作thebestway的定语,tospendtimeinacountry作宾语从句中的表语,wherethelanguageisspoken作acountry的定语从句。 [点拨]2.关系副词where引导的定语从句,where相当于inwhich或atwhich在定语从句中充当地点状语。 eg.1.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity. 他父亲工作的工厂在城市西边。 eg.2.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear. 这是我们去年住的房子。 Manyschoolofferexchangeprogramatvariousacademiclevelsatareasonablecost.许多学校提供价格合理的不同学术层次的交流计划。 [点拨]at…alevel意为“以……水平”又如:consultationsatcabinetlevel内阁阁员间的磋商 [点拨]at…acost以……为代价、以……的价格 eg.1.tosellsthatcost照成本卖 eg.2.Thebattlewaswonat(a)greatcostinhumanlives. 牺牲了许多士兵的性命才换来的这场战役的胜利。 又如固定搭配:atallcosts不惜任何代价,无论如何 atthecostof牺牲,丧失 eg:Hesavedhissonfromdrowning,butonlyatthecostofhisownlife. 他救了他儿子的命:幸免于溺死,但却牺牲了他自己的命。 …itisalsopossiblethatsomeofthemmayfallbehindintheirstudies. 一些学生有可能在学习上会落到后面。 [点拨]Itispossiblethat…为固定句型,其中possible也可以用likely替换,意思为“有可能……”。此句型还可用sbbelikelytodosth…句型替换。但不可以说sbbepossibletodosth. eg:It’slikely/possiblethathewilldoverywell. 他有可能会干得很出色。 [点拨]fallbehind意为“落在后面” eg:Soonhefallbehindintherace. 比赛不久,他就落在了后面。 Hedidn’twanttofallbehindinhisstudies. 他不想在学习上落到了别人的后面。 Grammar 虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、让步从句和名词性从句中。 (1)虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法: 条件从句 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 IfI(you,he/she,we,they) +动词过去式 should/would/could/might +动词原形 表示过去情况 IfI(you,he/she,we,they) +had+过去分词 should/would/could/might +have+过去分词 IfI(you,he/she,we,they) +动词过去式表示未来情况IfI(you,he/she,we,they) +should+动词原形 should/would/could/might +动词原形 IfI(you,he/she,we,they) +wereto+动词原形根据下面例句进一步理解: ①与现在事实相反: IfIwereyou,Ishoulddoitinanotherway. 如果我是你的话,我会用另一种方法做。 ②与过去事实相反: IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam. 假如我学习不那么刻苦,就不会通过那次考试了。 ③与将来事实相反: Ifyoumissed(weretomiss/shouldmiss)thefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorryforit.假如今晚错过了这部电影,你将会感到遗憾的。 (2)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法: ①在wish后面的宾语从句中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,用would/could/might+动词原形来表示将来的情况。如: Iwishthatshewereherewithmeandthatweweren’tsick. IwishIhadsenttheoldmantohospitalintime. IwishIcouldbewithyouforthenextthreemonths. wouldrather,asif,it’stime…,whatif,ifonly也有类似用法 ②在demand,suggest,order,propose,request,command,insist等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语通常用should+动词原形或只用动词原形来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。 Shesuggestedwe(should)leaveearly. Theteacherinsistedthatthestudents(should)haveatest.考题档案 1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother. A.hascomeB.didcome C.cameD.hadcome(MET94) 2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit. A.breaksB.hasbroken C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken(MET95) 3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifweinturn,yousotired. A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget C.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot(MET95) 4.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork. -Oh,didyou?Oh,IwithBarbara. A.couldhavestayedB.couldstay C.wouldstayD.musthavestayed(MET98) 5.itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputofftheYangpuBridge. A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will(上海94) 6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatsheill,andherparentssuggestedthatsheamedicalexamination. A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have C.shouldbe;hadD.was;has(上海94) 7.forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften. A.IfitisnotB.Wereitnot C.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot(上海95) 8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shesomethingwouldregretlater. A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid (上海96) 9.Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight,toocoldforustolive. A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly(上海97) 10.Ifonlyhequietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow. A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie (上海2000) 11.Whatwouldhavehappened,asfarastheriverback? A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfarther C.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther(上海2001) 12.Ifyouhadyourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemadefewermistakes. A.lookedupB.thoughtaboutC.goneoverD.goneround (上海2000) 13.IfIhadhurried,Ithetrain. A.wouldcatchB.willhavecaught C.wouldhavecaughtD.hadcaught(92成人高考) 14.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown. A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen C.shouldfallD.weretofall 15.____besenttoworkthere? A.WhodoyousuggestB.Whodoyousuggestthatshould C.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould 参考答案:1-5:DCDAB6-10:BCDAC11-15:CCCBA 一课一测 A级(基础训练) Ⅰ.单项填空 1.Sheis____toleaveassoonaspossible. A.hurriedB.anxiousCworriedD.nervous 2.AswejoinedthebigIgot_____frommyfriends A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed 3.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_____withnoagreementreached. A.havebrokendownB.havebrokenoutC.havebrokeninD.havebrokenup 4.——Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting. _____Butshe____themeeting.shejustarrived5minuteslate A.attendedB.hasattended C.hadattendedD.wasgoingtoattend 5.IsoonfoundthattheworkIwasdoinghadalreadybeendonebysomeoneelse,Iwaswastemytime. A.inwordsB.inawordC.inotherwordsD.inmanywords 6.____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan. A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As 7.Itisn’t____thatIshouldacceptsuchanofferasthat. A.possiblyB.likelyC.perhapsD.probably 8.Heknockedhim____withoneblowofhisfist. A.upB.offC.overD.down 9.Heis_____ateacher.Heisourgoodfriend. A.nomorethanB.notmorethanC.morethanD.lessthan 10..Paperproducedeveryyearis________theworld’sproductionofvehicles. A.thethreetimesweightofB.threetimestheweightof C.asthreetimesheavyasD.threetimesasheavieras B级(应用创新) Ⅰ.单项填空 1.Beingdeterminedisakindofqualityandthat’s_______ittakestodoanythingproperly. A.how B.whichC.whereD.what 2.—Mr.Whitedidntcomelastnight,didhe? —No.We________forhim.Awholenightwaswasted. A.hadwaitedB.havebeenwaiting C.werewaiting D.hadbeenwaiting 3.Whenshewokeup,sherealizedthatthethingsshehaddreamtaboutcouldnot________havehappened. A.possibly B.likely C.certainlyD.usually 4.Somewomen______agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily. A.mustmakeB.shouldhavemade C.wouldmakeD.couldhavemade 5.Thelittleboyisdirtyfromheadtofootbecausehe______inthemudallmorning. A.hasplayedB.isplaying C.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying 6.Theytoldmeitwouldbecheapbut_______itcostmenearly£500. A.asaconsequence B.inawork C.atlastD.infact 7.Mostmuseumsarejustforlooking.Buttodaysomeofthemhavethingsforyoutotouch.Thesignssay,“______!” A.Betouching B.Totouch C.Dotouch D.Notouch 8.IfBush______hissistertoattendtheparty,shewillcertainlybeglad.Shehasn’tmetBushforyears. A.allowsB.promises C.demands D.suggests 9.—I’mnottheman____thephone.SheaskedforHenry. —I’msorryIwasmistaken. A.calledon B.callingoverC.wantedon D.rungupon 10.Thestepyouhavetakenis______muchrisk(冒险). A.oneofB.theoneof C.theoneD.thatone 11.Comeon,Harry,Whystandtherealone?We’llgotoplayballgames.Howabout_____us? A.joininB.takingpartinC.attendingD.joining 12.____Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromdanger. A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif 13.Thefamousscientistgrewup____hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai. A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever 14.Thehouserentisexpensive.I’vegotabouthalfthespaceIhadathomeandI’mpaying__ ___here. A.asthreetimesmuchB.asmuchthreetimes C.muchasthreetimesD.threetimeasmuch 15.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,______. A.themoreforlifeareyouequipped B.themoreequippedforlifeyouare C.themoreforlifeyouareequipped D.youareequippedthemoreforlife Ⅱ。完形填空 Jamessatoutsidetheofficewaitingfortheinterview.Hefeltso__1__thathedidntknowwhattodowith__2__.Thepersonwhohadgonein__3__himhadbeenintherefornearlyanhour.Andshelookedsoconfident(自信的)whenshewentin,__4__James.Hefelt__5__thatshehadalreadygotthe__6__.Theproblemwasthathewantedthisjob__7__.Itmeant__8__tohim.Hehad__9_itsuchalotbeforethedayoftheinterview.Hehadimaginedhimself__10__brilliantlyattheinterviewand_11__thejobimmediately.Nowherehewasfeeling__12__,however.Hecouldnt_13__allthosethingshehad__14__tosay.Atthatmoment,healmostdecidedtogetupand__15__.Butno-hehadtodothis.Hehadspentsomuchtimeconsideringitthathecouldnt__16__likethat.Hishandswerehotandstickyandhismouthfeltdry.Atlastthedooroftheofficeopened.Thewomanwhohadgoneinanhourearliercameoutlookingvery__17__withherself.Shesmiledsympathetically(同情地)atJames.AtthatmomentJames__18__her.Themanagingmanthenappearedattheofficedoor."Wouldyouliketocomeinnow,Mr.Davis?Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting."Jamessuddenly__19__thathehadgonehome.Hegotup.Legs__20__andforeheadsweatingandwonderedwhetherhelookedasterrifiedashefelt. 1.A.healthyB.nervousC.carelessD.confident 3.A.byB.withC.beforeD.after 4.A.notlikeB.sodidC.doasD.dolike 5.A.doubtfulB.sureC.angryD.astonishing 6A.rewardB.firstC.prizeD.job 7.A.hopelesslyB.naturallyC.easilyD.somuch 8.A.everythingB.happinessC.difficultyD.nothing 9.A.doneB.learnedofC.thoughtaboutD.talkedabout 10.A.explainingB.performingC.answeringD.writing 11.A.offeredB.askedforC.beingofferedD.beingaskedfor 12.A.crazyB.excitedC.probableD.terrible 13.A.dependonB.affordC.believeinD.remember 14.A.keptB.beentaughtC.plannedD.beensupplied 15.A.leaveB.goinC.prepareD.practise 16.A.takebackB.putoffC.giveupD.putdown 17.A.uglyB.pleasedC.sadD.pretty 18.A.noticedB.lovedC.missedD.hated 19.A.thoughtB.hopedC.wishedD.regretted 20.A.shakingB.bendingC.walkingD.stopping Ⅲ。阅读理解 A Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Childrenaregreatlydifferentintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlaterstartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill“obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughtheword“obey”ishardlyexactasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedco-operation(合作)usuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygesturesandbymakingquestioningnoises. Anyattempttostudythedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.It’sagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesoutasparticularexpressionlikedelight,pain,friendlinessandsoon.Butsincethesecan’tbesaidtoshowthebaby’sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreedtoo,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewwordstotheirstore.Thisself-imitation(自我模仿)leadsouttodeliberate(有意的)imitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisestothepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech. Itisaproblemweneedtogetourteethinto.Themeaningofaworddependsonwhataparticularpersonmeansbyitinaparticularsituationanditisclearthatwhatachildmeansbyawordwill.changeashegainsmoreexperienceoftheworld.Thustheuse,atsevenmonths,of“mama”asagreetingforhismothercannotbedismissedasameaninglesssoundsimplybecausehealsousesitatanothertimeforhisfather,hisdog,oranythingelsehelikes.Playfulandmeaninglessimitationofwhatotherpeoplesaycontinuesafterthechildhasbeguntospeakforhimself.Idoubt,however,whetheranythingisgainedwhenparentstakeadvantageofhisabilityinanattempttoteachnewwords. 1.Childrenwhostartspeakinglate________ A.mayhaveproblemswiththeirlistening B.probablydonothearenoughlanguagespokenaroundthem C.usuallypaycloseattentiontowhattheyhear D.oftentakealongtimeinlearningtolistenproperly 2.Ababy’sfirstnoisesare________. A.anexpressionofhismoodsandfeelings B.anearlyformoflanguage C.animitationofthespeechofadults D.asignthathemeanstotellyousomething 3.Theproblemofdecidingatwhatpointababy’simitationcanbeconsideredasspeech ________. A.isimportantbecausewordshavedifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople B.isnotespeciallyimportantbecausethechangetakesplacegradually C.isonethatshouldbeignored(忽略)becausechildren’suseofwordsisoftenmeaningless D.isonethatcanneverbeproperlyunderstoodbecausethemeaningofwordschangeswithage 4.Thespeakerimpliesthat________. A.evenaftertheyhavelearnttospeak,childrenstillenjoyimitation B.childrenwhoaregoodatimitatinglearnnewwordsmorequickly C.childrennolongerimitatepeopleaftertheybegintospeak D.patentscanneverhopetoteachtheirchildren B Forsometimepast,ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabiesandothercreature-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”,andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlytime,hadtobedirectlyconnectedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise. Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptsuccessinsight. Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponse(回答)withclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“turnedon”somelights-andindeedthattheywereabletolearnsomemoreturnstobringaboutthisresult,forexample,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside. Papousek’slightexperimentwasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightcloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandspeak”whenthelightwason.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotthesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem.Itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthenthereisabasichumannaturetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitundercontrol. 5.Accordingtothewriter,babieslearntodothingsthat________. A.willsatisfytheirsurprise B.willmeettheirphysicalneeds C.aredirectlyconnectedtopleasure D.willbringthemafeelingofsuccess 6.Paponseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababywould________. A.makelearnedresponseswhenitsawthemilk B.continuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilk C.turnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink D.carryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink 7.InPapousek’sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto________. A.bepraisedB.pleasetheirparents C.berewardedwithmilk D.havethelightsturnedon 8.Thebabieswould“smileandspeak”atthelightsbecause________. A.theysucceededin“turningon”thelights B.thesightoflightswasinteresting C.theyneednotturnbacktowatchthelights D.thelightsweredirectlyconnectedtosomebasic“drives” Ⅳ。短文改错 Youcanfindallkindsinformationinjust1.__________ afewminuteontheInternet.It’slikegoingtoa2.__________ hugelibrarywithouthavetowalkaroundtofind3.__________ yourbooks.Recentlyeventhough,manypeople4.__________ havebeendiscussingthedangersoftheInternet.5.__________ TheyhavebeenreportsinAmericaaboutpeople6.__________ tryingtostealpersoninformationforbadpurposes.7.__________ FindinginformationontheNetiseasily.Butnotall8.__________ informationaregoodtosociety.Forexample,you9.__________ canfindsuchinformationlikehowtokillpeople.10.__________ Theproblemwillbecomemoreseriousinthefuture. Ⅴ.书面表达 假设你是校学生会主席,请你为下周要举行的英语演讲比赛制定评分标准,包含以下要点: 1.文章主题明确;20%2.语言表达清楚;10% 3.发音准确地道;20%4.语速适中;10% 5.带有感情色彩。40% 不要逐条翻译,100字左右。 参考答案 A级 Ⅰ。单项填空 1~5BBAAC6~10DBDAB B级 Ⅰ。单项填空 1~5DDADC6~10DCBCB11~15DBCDB Ⅱ。完形填空 1~5BCCAB6~10DDACB11~15CDDCA16~20CBDCA Ⅲ。阅读理解 1~4DABA5~8DBDA Ⅳ。短文改错 1.kinds→kindsof2.minute→minutes3.have→having4.eventhough→eventhough5.√6.They→There7.person→personal8.easily→easy9.are→is10.like→as Ⅴ。书面表达 Onepossibleversion: IfyouwanttogetaverygoodgradeinthecomingEnglishspeechcompetitionnextweek,first,youmusthaveagoodpieceofwritingwhosesubjectisquiteclear.Alsothearticleshouldhaveverygoodwording.Andthen,whenyouaregivingthespeech,youmustpronounceeverywordcorrectlyandyoushouldhavestandardintonationandproperspeed.Themostimportantofall,youshouldgivethespeechwithemotion.Ihopethateverybodyiswellpreparedaccordingtotherulesmentionedabove.Wishyougoodluck. 课文译文 在国外学习 许多语言学习者认为学习语言最好的方式就是去讲这种语言的国家里去学习一段时间。过去,对大多数人来说,去国外学习不过是一个遥远渺茫的梦想。但是,如今寻找出国的机会和方式都变得容易了。很多学校提供费用合理的不同学术水平的交流项目。这些项目有为初、高中生准备的,也有为大学生准备的,有些计划项目提供‘食宿’服务:去国外交流学生将与房东一家生活在一起。对于年龄较小的学生来说,这也许是最好的选择,因为这意味着学生不必担心食宿问题。与房东一家生活在一起也是学习他们国家文化的很不错的方式。大部分交流学生说他们感觉他们(自己)真正成了房东家庭的一员而且他们将一直保持着联系。 在国外的一年不仅仅是学一种语言的事。是的,一年后交流学生通常把要学的这门新语言掌握得很流利。但是大多数学生会告诉你,他们也学会许多比学习语言更重要的东西。成为一个交流学生有助于你和来自不同背景的人交朋友,近而了解另一种文化。一年的时间不足以让你去全部了解一个国家或一种文化,但它却足以开阔你的眼界,加深你对世界的了解。可能最有价值的便是你对你自己和自身文化的重新认识。呆在国内,你很少去停下来想一想你自己是一个什么样的人?你所拥有的文化真正是一种什么样的文化?作为一个交流学生,你不得不学着独立,别人也经常请你向他们介绍你的国家和文化。听起来似乎很奇怪,但是许多外访归来的学生说国外一年的生活,让他们第一次了解自己的国家和文化。 国外学习可能也有其缺点,他们在学到许多有用的东西同时,有些人也有可能学习成绩要落后。由于交流学生一开始总是要经历语言和文化障碍,他们将不能够被编入与国内同水平的班级上课。许多父母担心他们的孩子的安全问题,费用的高低也在考虑之列。 如果你在考虑出国学习一段时间的话,你应该先查找尽可能多的不同计划项目。你需要考虑费用及所停留的时间。交流学生协会可以提供你有用的信息。如果你从未去过国外或从没单独旅行过,最好先从短期的开始,比如一个暑期课程。当你收集了基本的信息后,第二步就是来比较不同的项目安排。找一个合适的课程是很重要的,因为你的决定将影响整个家庭,你的父母应起积极的作用,他们帮你一起寻找什么是最好的。你也需要与去过国外的学生联系,听听他们的经历。 学外语:两倍的努力? 学习一种语言显然不仅仅是记住单词、词组以及句子结构。我们学习母语的时候,并没有受过多少正规的指导,极少有父母会给孩子上语言课。通过与周围人的交往,我们学会了母语。在这个交往的过程中,我们是如何学会发音、单词、语法以及句子构成呢?而且最令人迷惑不解的是,我们是怎么学会理解话的意思以及分辨语言中出现的错误呢? 语言专家给了不同的答案,有些人认为我们有天生学习语言的能力而且我们的大脑适应母语语言文化。另一些人认为我们学习语言与学习其他事情一样,比如走路、解决问题,我们生来就具备这种学习与适应能力,而不是仅仅学习语言这一专有能力。尽管理论不同,但专家们都一致认为:生活是一所成功的语言学校。事实上,每个人到他5岁的时候,就学会了使用语言且已掌握了它最基本的用法。 学习外语与学习母语有所不同,通常是在学校里学习外语,很少有机会与讲这种语言的人交流。而且,学外语要比学母语快得多,这让你听起来似乎很难相信——想想所有你花在刻苦学习英语上的那些时间吧。但是一旦你仔细分析情况,就会意识到这的确是真的。学习母语时,只要清醒着,你就一直用母语交流。换句话说,一整天你都在学习这种语言!这样学了五年,想想那是多少日日夜夜。如果你花同样多的时间去学英语,你会取得巨大的进展,当我们学外语的时候,也获得了许多帮助:我们有教科书与老师的指导以及同学的帮助。因此,我们能学到更多的学习方法和技巧,那就意味着更具成效。 同样学外语,为什么有人会比别人学得好呢?研究表明,成功语言学习者有一些共同的特点。数据显示在多种调查项目中,成功语言学习者的共性是:了解自己的兴趣、对世界的好奇心、抢抓机遇以及对自身能力的自信。为了对付学习上的一系列挑战,成功语言学习者也使用了不同的学习方法和学习计划。 他们计划并评价学习,因此,他们获得自信并感到轻松且享受知识。有了更强的自控力和成就感积极的学习者能够更快地学会新技巧且更好地学以致用。结果,他们在理解力、词汇学习、写作及口语上做得更好,越从容越放松,学语言的进程就会愈出色。自信、有安全感的学生才会是佼佼者。他们更愿意去冒险,把自己放在新的学习情境中。否则,他们将不愿尝试新的体验,不愿犯错误。而只有新的尝试和不断纠错才有助于学习能力的提高。 学习的目的也是重要的,并不是所有的人都想当翻译。大部分人仅仅只是想学英语以供日常使用。有些人学语言,大概比其他人更有兴趣和能力,但这并不等于我们就无法提高。学习语言需要耐心,如果我们想成为一个成功的语言学习者,就应该全力借鉴上述的学习习惯及学习特点。一旦我们掌握了学习方法,可能就会发现比起学母语来,学外语不需要去付出两倍的努力。而事实上,是两倍的容易,两倍的快乐。 Unit8CareerPreparation (二)单元目标(UnitTarget) (三)单元重点(UnitPoints) 二、教学设计(TeachingDesigns) 操作步骤和方法: 2、wish后的宾语从句: 3、Itisimportant/necessary/strange…+that+should+动词原形,should可省 4、It’stime句型:当It’stime后用that从句时应该为: 5、Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish+宾语从句” 6、wouldrather,asif(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟,表示过去的情况用过去完成时,表示现在与将来的情况用过去时,如: 7、without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。 II:完成B部分练习 经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容,帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“Unit8AdventureCommunicationworkshop教案”,但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。 Unit8AdventureCommunicationworkshop教案 Stage2:UseyournotesandphrasesfromtheFunctionFileonpage24topreparewhatyouaregoingtosay. Stage3:Talktoeachotherabouttheholidaysyoupreferrespectivelyandagreeonachoiceattheendoftheconversation. Step4Talkback Period2Writingabrochure TeachingProcedures: Step2:Pre-writing Task2:ReadthebrochurecarefullyagainandthenasktheSstounderlinethewordsorexpressionsthatpuzzlethem. Task3:DoEx.2onP31.Findexamplesofthesebrochurewritingstylesinthetext. Step3:While–writing Stage2:Getthestudentsclearaboutthelayoutofabrochureandwhattowriteaboutandhowtowriteitineachsection. Stage3:Ssrefertothe“usefulVocabulary”onP90andthewritingstylesinEx.2tofinishwritingtheirbrochure. Stage4:Checkthebrochure. Stage5:Presentation Homework: 文章来源:http://m.jab88.com/j/10709.html
2.A.themanagerB.thewomanC.himselfD.anythingUnit8CareerPreparation
一、单元分析(UnitAnalysis)
(一)单元地位(UnitPosition)
1.本课在对职业准备中相关问题进行讨论时,具体涉及到工作态度,求职时如何面试,怎样选择适合自己的职业等。重点介绍了职业人如何在平凡的职业中有所成就的关键在于对工作认真努力的态度。教师可围绕“工作态度”这一主题,设计活动让学生讨论。了解每一个人都具备许多从职业中获得工作成就感的潜力,但至关重要的是对工作积极的态度,从而加强对职业态度重要性的了解。
2.围绕本课主题“职业准备”,可以引导学生就如何选择职业展开讨论,并让学生考虑如何通过自我评估去了解自己,从而确定最适合自己个性的职业。
3.本单元的语法复习是虚拟语气。虚拟语气是语法中比较复杂的内容,教师要引导学生正确分析不同语境,不同语气。通过创设不同的语言活动,让学生在语境中理解虚拟语气和真实语气陈述的区别,以及虚拟语气在各种句型中的运用。
4.通过模拟面试等形式,鼓励学生在任务型教学模拟情境中操练面试中的常用句型。
1.巩固对虚拟语气的认识和理解。理解虚拟语气和真实语气陈述的区别,从而达到在阅读中能理解虚拟语气的目的。
2.能进行简单的职业面试。
3.能描述自己的兴趣,能力,技能等。
1.关键词:
语言知识类
indespair,supplysb.withsth.,catchone’seyes,showsb.up,setone’sownstandard,asksth.ofsb.,makeimpressionon,bedressedin
交际功能类
1)职业promote,better-paying,low-paying,professional,uniform,temporary,mindless,dead-end----
2)人物心情:despair,awful,composed,depressed,hopeless----
3)工作表现:outstanding,admirable
2.功能:
1)Talkingaboutthefutureandpossibility(描述“未来”和“可能性”)参考课本第138页UsefulLanguage
Doyouthinkyouwilleverstudyabroad?
Haveyoueverthoughtaboutworkingparttime?
Wheredoyouseeyourselfinfiveyears?
I’mhopingtotakeamajorincomputerscience.
Sohaveyoudecidedwhatyouaregoingtodoaftergraduation?
Whatareyourchoicesnow?
I’llmostlikelybestudyingeconomicsinauniversity.
I’mcertainlygoingtogetajobaftergraduation.
2)Applyingforajob
I’dliketoapplyforthecashierpositionthatyouadvertisedinthenewspaper.
I’dliketobecomeastoremanager.
.
3.语法点:
虚拟语气的复习。
教学内容教学实施建议教学资源参考
1Reading作为课题的引入,教师可引导学生观察周围熟悉的人(例如父母,亲戚,老师等),谈谈他们的工作态度。在这一交流过程中,教师可有意识地引出一些课文中相关的新词汇,为学生学习新课文做铺垫。
结合A2和B的练习,对文章有一个大致的了解,把握住文章构架和段落大意。
结合C1练习,进一步阅读分析课文,使学生全面深刻理解文章的中心思想——“尊重来自于你的工作态度和方式。”课本第127页Highlights部分。
2Listening在完成教材134页的听力部分后,引导学生从听力对话中归纳出经验教训——做事要三思而行,要给自己留后路,为下面的speaking做铺垫。
同时可结合135页,listeningandspeaking中的听力部分来开展相关找工作方面的听力训练和讨论。课本第134页ListeningPractice
补充听力第135页Listeningandtalking
3Speaking教师可围绕相关主题,开展以下语言活动:
活动一:征集建议
活动二:模拟面试。建议根据教材137页的对话范文和138页Usefullanguage开展活动。
活动一:“征集建议”的一些教学建议。
活动二:“模拟面试”的一些教学建议课本第135页SpeakingPractice和137页Furtherpractice
4Structures虚拟语气的复习是本课语法教学的主要内容。教师可以通过教材132页A练习让学生自主归纳虚拟语气的知识点,并通过教材133页B部分练习来进行巩固。此外教师可给学生进行情景造句,进一步强化知识点。
虚拟语气的一些教学建议。课本第132页Structures
5Additional
Reading本部分内容是Unit8课文内容的补充和延伸,对于即将毕业的高三学生有着相当的使用和指导价值。文章结构清晰,教师让学生自主学习后,可指出一些重点词汇让学生记忆。同时要引导学生运用课文中的方法来面对自己未来的就学、就业选择。课本第138页AdditionalReading
说明:
设计“征集建议”的教学目的,是让学生把课文和之前听力中归纳总结的内容运用到实际中,但信息必须通过学生以提问的方式来获得。虽然是以个体为单位,但因为活动必须要通过学生或师生间的交流来实现,这一教学环节就发挥出了学生的积极主动性,为学生自主寻找有效信息提供了平台,同时锻炼了口头表达以及听写和速记能力。
操作步骤和方法:
1.每位同学询问五位班级同学(也可以是老师)关于对自己毕业后就业选择的建议。给与建议的同学或老师必须同时给出理由。
2.每位同学都应对他人的建议和理由进行记录。
3.征集活动结束后,每位同学进行整理,分析,选出最适合自己的建议。。
4.请学生交流自己的活动成果,
说明:
设计“模拟面试”的教学目的,是为学生运用所学的新词汇提供机会。活动以小组为单位,帮助学生进行自我认识,自我评价的同时,引导和鼓励学生在英文情境中对话,展现自我价值。这对即将毕业的高三学生也具有实际意义。
操作步骤和方法:
根据班级人数,推选3~5名学生作为面试考官,一起讨论在面试中将要提出的问题,并把问题整理列出。
把班级其余学生按照教材136页上的工作数量分成8组,每组学生针对一个工作进行面试准备,可按照自身的优势,结合工作需要进行对话准备.
请同学进行模拟面试,要求以教材137页对话范文为参考进行角色表演。
最后可结合面试考官的意见和全班同学的评判,选出每个工作可以录取的学生,以此来作为学生活动表现的最终评判。
说明:
虚拟语气是语法中比较复杂的内容,教师不仅要给学生明确的语法知识,还要引导学生正确分析不同语境,不同语气。因此建议教师在精讲语法规则的同时,能创设不同的语言活动,让学生在语境中理解虚拟语气和真实语气陈述的区别和转换,帮助学生牢固掌握,并能灵活运用虚拟语气的知识点。
I.教师通过教材132页练习A,学生通过观察回忆,归纳出虚拟语气的基本知识点。
If从句主句例句
与现在事实相反动词过去式did
be用werewould/could/might/should+动词原形IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome
与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/could/might/should+havedoneIfthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theb0ywouldhavebeensaved.
与将来事实相反should+动词原形
wereto+动词原形
did/werewould/could/might/should+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome
注意:
在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可置于句首,省去if,将主语与这些词倒装,例如:
*Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.
*WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.
*Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome
*Ican’trememberhowmuchitcost.
*Whattheyweretalkingaboutwasveryprofessional.
虚拟语气在一些特殊结构中的运用:
1、在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气,其结构为“should+动词原形”,should可省。这类动词有suggest,insist,demand,propose,require,ask,advise,order,request…..
*MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o’clock.
*Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.
*Itwasrequiredthatthecropsshouldbeharvestedatonce.
*Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwasrejected.
*Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.
注意:
1)在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
2)suggest表示“表明,显示”时,insist表示“坚持认为是”,“坚持某一事实”时,后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
与现在愿望不一致主语+过去时;
与过去愿望不一致主语+had+过去分词;
与未来愿望不一致主语+would(could)+动词原形
*IwishIwereasstrongasyou.
*IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.
*IwishIwouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty
*Itisnecessarythatthedoctorshouldbesentthereatonce.
主语+should+原形或主语+过去时,例如:
*It’stimethatyouwenttoschool.或
*It’stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.
*Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。
*IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了
*I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.
*I’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.
*Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.
*AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.
*Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.
*Butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.
*Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.
*Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI’ambusynow.
*Iwouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butIwasworking.
*Iambusynow,otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!
III.情景练习。教师可创设不同的情境,让学生造含虚拟语气的句子。
例如:
教师:Thankstoyourhelp,Icompletedthetaskintime.
学生:Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Icouldn’thavecompletedthetaskintime.
Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavecompletedthetaskintime.
Without/Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavecompletedthetaskintime.Unit8AdventureCommunicationworkshop教案
Period1SpeakingChoosingaHoliday
Teachingobjectives:
Attheendofclass,thestudentswillbeableto
---speakaboutachosenholiday
---learnthewaytoshowinterestwheninteractingorally
TeachingProcedures:
Step1Pre-listening
1.Gothroughthe5advertisementsandfindoutwhichholidayyouaremostinterestedin.
(Ssreadindividuallyandthencheckanswerswitheachother.)
2.ReadtheAdvertisementsagainandunderlinethewordsthatpuzzleyou.
(Ssdiscussinpairsandthenturntotheteacher.)
Step2Listening
1.ListentothedialogueandfindoutwhichholidayRickyandShulahchoose.
2.Listenagainandfindoutthereasonwhytheychosesuchaholiday.
3.Listenforthe3rdtime.AsktheSstofindoutwhatexpressionsdoRickyandShulahusetoshowtheyareinterestedinortheyarelisteningtotheotherpersonwhilespeaking.
Really?Mm,Yes?Right.
That’strue.No.Yeah,Iknow.
(Askthemtorepeatthewordsandsounds)
Step3Speaking
Stage1:Chooseoneofthetripsyouwanttogoonandoneyoudon’t.Writenotesonyourreasons.
Keywords:boring,cheap,clean,comfortable,dangerous,difficult,dirty,educational,exciting,expensive,interesting,safe,tiring,well-organized
(处理办法:AskthestudentstogothroughtheexampleonP30andwritetheirownnoteswiththehelpofthekeywordslistedabove.)
Preference:
(quite)likedoing
lovedoing
preferdoing(todoing)
can’tstanddoing
‘d(not)love/liketodo
‘dprefertodo
‘dquiteliketodo
Example:IthinkthetripisveryexcitingbecauseIquitelikeexploringmountainsandseeingruins.
Speakingstrategies:Interaction
---Showyouarelisteningtotheotherperson.
---PayattentiontotheintonationandusethewordsfromEx2.
Example:
A:I’dliketogoonthetriptoGreenland.
B:Really?
A:Yes,I’dliketoexploresomewhere.AndIloveskiing.
B:Mmm.Butit’sverycold.AndIdon’tlikeskiing.I’dpreferto….
Pairsofstudentspresenttheirconversationinfrontoftheclass.TheotherSslistento
themcarefullyandgivethespeakersevaluationonwhetherornottheyachievethe
followingcriterions.
①Cantheyshowtheirinterestusingproperexpressionsandintonation?
②Aretheirreasonsconvincing?
Step5Homework
---introducetheadvantagesofthetrip;
---usethenewvocabularyexpressingyourpreference.
TeachingObjectives:
Attheendoftheclass,Sswillbeabletowriteabrochureaboutthecamptheyworkfor.
TeachingContent:
Studentswill
readabrochureaboutCampXtremeandgettoknowthestagesofwritingabrochure.
practicewritinganinvitingbrochureaboutthecamptheyworkfor.
Step1:leadin
Ssthinkaboutthefollowing4kindsofactivitiesandthendecidewhichonetheypreferandwhy.
(该活动的目的是引起学生兴趣,为下面写brochure的任务作好铺垫。)
1.avisittotheTemplefairs2.HappyValley(欢乐谷)
3.Disneyland4.themeparksforwildanimals
(处理方法:学生可以以pair的形式进行讨论,然后3-4名学生简单陈述他们的理由。)
Ⅰ.ReadabrochureofCampXtreme
Task1:ReadtheCampXtremebrochureonP31roughlyandthenmatchtheparagraphs(1-3)withtheseheadings.
(该活动的目的是让学生熟悉brochure的内容,并了解文章结构。)
(处理方法:Ssreadindividually=finishthetaskbythemselves=checktheanswersinpairs=theteachercheckstheanswer)
(该活动的目的是让学生理解文章,为自己写brochure作好准备。)
或者如果学生没有找到问题,可以做如下的练习。
Matchthedefinitionswiththewords.
(1)staffA:observationfromaverynearplace
(2)remoteB:allthepeopleemployedinanorganizationconsideredasagroup.
(3)survivalskillsC:faraway
(4)close-upD:skillsthathelppeopleavoidbeingkilled
Key:(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)A
(该活动的目的是让学生了解到写brochure时候可以用什么样的写作手法吸引读者。(处理方法:workingroups=eachgroupisresponsibleforoneitem.=theteacherthencheckstheanswerswiththewholeclass.)
Example:
a:Usingopinionwordstomaketheproduct/servicesoundmoreexciting.
Thebestadventureholidayyou’lleverhave!
=〉“thebest”istheopinionwordsthewriterusestomaketheservicesoundmoreinviting.
Key:
a)Usingopinionwordstomaketheproduct/servicesoundmoreexciting.
thebestholiday,thebiggestcamp,theUK’smostbeautifulwildlife,thebestplace,theonlycamp…..
b)Writingdirectlytothereader,i.e.“Wecanhelpyou.”
…you’lleverhave!weofferyou….,we’llteachyou…andyou’lllearn…,Youcanjoin…Ifyoulike…,tohaveyouradventure,You’llhavesomuchfun…
c)Usingfactstomaketheproductsmorereal.
…andhas15welltrainedstaff.
The700squaremileisland…
Thereare10bigtents…sleeps6people.Thereisoneshowerroom….
d)Keepingthewritingassimpleaspossiblebydivingthetextintosections.
Thetextisdividedinto3sections.
Section2use4“”infrontofeachfeature.
Imagineyouworkforanadventurecamp.Writeabrochureforyourcamp.
Followthefollowing4stagesofwriting.
Stage1:Makenotesaboutyouradventurecampbyansweringthequestionsbelow.
(该活动的目的是让学生了解brochure的内容应该涵盖那些方面。在回答问题过程中学生将会进一步熟悉写作中需要用的词汇和表达,为写作做好铺垫。)
1.Whatisthenameofyouradventurecamp?
2.Whereisyouradventurecamp?
3.Whatistheplacelike?
4.Whatactivitiescanguestsdoatthecamp?
5.Whatfacilitiesdoesithave?
6.Whatmakesyouradventurecampspecial?
(处理方法:学生可以进行pair-work,每个小组(2)人共同承担一个brochure的写作任务。两个人在回答问题的基础上记录下来以上的信息,供写作时用)
SsreadthelayoutofthebrochureofCampXtremeonP90inordertoknowthestructureofit.ThenSsusetheirnotestakendowninStage1tohelpthemwritesomebriefinformationin4paragraphs.
Thelayoutofabrochure:
(Para1)Campnameandopeningstatement---Ssshouldwriteacatchylinetoattractthereaders’attention.
example:Thebestadventureholidayyou’lleverhave!
(Para2)Introductionofthecamp.
Suchinformationaslocation,size,orevencommentsaboutthecampcanbeincludedinthissection.
example:CampXtremeislocatedonaprivatebeachonthebeautifulcoastofScotland.
(Para3)describethemainfeaturesofserviceyourcampprovides.
example:We’llteachyousurvivalskillsandyou’lllearnhowtomakeafireandbuildyourownshelter.
(Para4)Mentionsomethingthatdistinguishesyourcampfromothersimilarones.
example:WearetheonlycampintheUKtooffersurvivalskillstrainingfromrealexperts.
TheSsshouldpayattentiontothefollowingquestionswhenchecking.
1.Didthewriterwritedirectlytothereaderasifheorsheistalkingtothem?
2.Hasthewriterusedfactstomaketheproductorservicemorerealorgenuine?
3.Hasthewriterusedopinionstomakeitexciting?
4.Didthewriterremembertodividetheinformationintosmallsectionsusingbulletinpoints?
(活动安排:两人一组的学生在完成写作内容之后,可以四人小组间互相交换彼此的brochure.在检查上面提出的问题同时,彼此给对方找出其他语法或时态错误,之后自己改正自己的错误。)
Asksomevolunteerstosharetheirbrochureswiththeclass.
Polishyourbrochureandtrytomakeitmoreattractive.猜你喜欢
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