2010届中考英语连词总复习
?
(一)知识概要?
连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。?并列连词连接的双方是对等的。常有的并列连词有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果连接的两部分意义不趋向一致,意义有转折的并列连词有:but,however,while(而),only(只不过)。还有表示选择关系的并列连词,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是连接双方,互为因果,或表示前因后果的连词有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:that,if,whether,其次用来连接状语从句。其中有原因状语从句,常用的连接词有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till连接条件状语的连词有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因状语的连接词有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它们在句子与文章中几乎无处不见。?具体用法见下表。?
连词用法一览表
种类功用例句
并列连词连接具有并列关系的词HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
短语Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
从属连词引导:状语从句Illdoitasyoutoldme.
Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.
连接代词和连接副词主语从句Whathesaidprovedtrue.
Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.
表语从句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.
Thatiswherehelives.
宾语从句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?
Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.
关系代词和关系副词定语从句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[析]在英语中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意义也不同于汉语,如:Bothofusarenotright.在英语中应被理解为"我们俩不都对。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解为"我们俩无一正确"。?
[误]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?
[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?
[析]由or连接两主语时,谓语动词应与相临近的那一个主语保持一致。?
[误]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?
[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?
[析]or作为连词,这里的意思为"否则"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.
[误]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[析]"虽然……但是"是中文中的常用结构,但在英文中用了"虽然"则不要用"但是",用了"但是"则不能再用"虽然",二者只可用其一。?
[误]EitheryouorIareonduty.?
[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?
[析]either…or连接两个主语时,其谓语动词与相临近的一个主语相呼应,这也叫作就近原则。类似的用法还有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?
[误]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重复,但不是所有词都可作任意的省略的。当你连接的是两个系动词时,后面的那个系动词不可省略,也就是讲连接的部分不可省略。?
[误]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?
[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?
[析]由并列连词连接的两个部分要保持相等的语法结构。如是动名词则都用动名词,如用不定式则都应用不定式,这是初学者要注意的一点。?
[误]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?
[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?
[析]两个并列句中间不可用逗号连接,要用并列连词来连接。?
[误]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[析]宾语从句的连接词只能有一个不能重复使用。?
[误]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?
[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?
[析]用both…and…作连接词时,其相连接的部分结构也要相同。?
[误]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?
[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?
[析]由notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,其重点在其后面的那一个主语,所以谓语形式应采用就近原则。?
[误]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?
[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?
[析]由aswellas连接两个主语时,谓语动词与aswellas后面的名词无关,而与前面的名词相一致。?
[误]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?
[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?
[析]nor主要用于连接句子的对等连词,如在否定句中连接某一部分时要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.这个动物既不像牛也不像马。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.这个动物不像牛而像马。?
[误]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首,而应置于主句之后,并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because,as,since与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系,是最强的一个,而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词
[误]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[析]主语从句的引导词that是不可省略的。这一点不要和宾语从句的引导词相提并论。
[误]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?
[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.?
[析]名词性从句作宾语从句使用时,最重要的一点是要用陈述语句。特别要注意的是那些使用双宾语的动词,如:tell,ask,show…?
[误]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?
[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?
[析]while是强调两个动作在同时进行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是"正当某某时刻","就在这一时间点上",其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。?
[误]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[析]这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中,另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态,而突然发生的动作用一般时态。?
[误]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?
[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?
[析]while不能表达一点儿的时间,即瞬时某一时间点。?
[误]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.
[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.
[析]while在此处意为"而,然而"。?
[误]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[析]as用于句中时,其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误,但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?
[误]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[析]until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束,那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词,如果要用瞬间,或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作,因一出门即为离开了,而不离开则是长时间的。?
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?
[析]since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点,而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点,所以主句一般要用完成时态。?
[误]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?
[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?
[析]because与so在英文中两者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?
[误]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[析]so与such的用法可以分为四种情况,①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many这4个字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④当that前只有形容词或副词时,这时只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?
[误]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[析]so…that与sothat的用法有相同之处,那就是其后接从句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即动词原形。这样的词组还有:inorderto。?
[误]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?
[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?
[析]thesame…as(that)这是个固定用法,在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而thesame…that意为"我要的就是那一个"。而thesame…as为"要的是和……一样的东西"。
[误]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[析]这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲"我没给你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?
(三)例题解析?
1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.so?
[答案]A.?
[析]由于句意的原因,应选择转折连词。?
2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?
A.andB.but
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or这里应译为:否则。?
3?Illgivethebooktohim___hecomesback.?
A.sinceB.assoonas
C.beforeD.until?
[答案]B.?
[析]assoonas引出的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作。?
4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?
A.whenB.while
C.untilD.as?
[答案]C.?
[析]until应译为"直到……才",因为前面的祈使句为否定句。又如:Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.应译为"直到她妈妈回来她才睡觉"。?
5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?
A.beforeB.after
C.sinceD.in?
[答案]C.?
[析]因为主句为完成时,所以应用since表示该动作的启始点。?
6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??
-Tea,please.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.with?
[答案]C.?
[析]在疑问句与否定句中应用or来表示一种选择。?
7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?
A.thoughB.but
C.orD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]因为这里表示的是因果关系。?
8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?
A.till,inB.from,/
C.before,/D.behind,to?
[答案]C.?
[析]before为在7∶00之前离开。?
9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
A.untilB.after
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]这句应译为"直到所有的学生都停止讲话老师才开始上课"。因begin为瞬间动词,所以应用否定句。?
10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.?
A.butB.until
C.ifD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里是表示因果关系,所以应用because。因为她病了所以未去看电影。?
11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?
A.forB.and
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or译为"否则"。本句句意为:你必须马上走了,否则要赶不上火车了。?
12?___heisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?
A.WhoseB.If
C.ThoughD.Because?
[答案]C.?
[析]这种状语从句在英语中称为让步状语从句,应译为:虽然他才是个6岁的孩子,他却可以读书和写字。?
13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?
A.and,andB.and,with
C./,andD.and,/?
[答案]C.?
[析]在有若干个名词或动词出现时,每一个词之间只用逗号连接,只在最后两个词之间加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。
14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?
A.whenB.inorderto
C.butD.sothat?
[答案]D.?
[析]sothat应译为"为的是"。本句句义为:带上字典,为的是在上课时可能有用。而inorderto其后应接动词不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?
15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?
A.itB.what
C.whetherD.when?
[答案]A.?
[析]hope后接的是宾语从句,而且宾语从句中少主语,应用it来代替天气。?
16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?
A.ThoughB.As
C.WhenD.Becauseof?
[答案]B.?
[析]as这里应译为"由于"。全句意为:由于她不舒服,我决定不带她去了。而becauseof其后不能接从句只能接宾语。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。
17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?
A.such…onB.such…in
C.too…inD?so…on?
[答案]D.?
[析]因many前只能用so来修饰,所以只能选择D选项。而spend…onsomething为在某事上花费时间或钱。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?
18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?
A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?
C.while,heardD.when,heard?
[答案]D.?
[析]when在这里应译为:就在那时,那一刻,那一瞬间。?
19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?
A.andB.or
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]and这里是并列连词,应译为:请讲慢些这样我们就会明白你的意思。?
20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?
A.ifB.so
C.untilD.or?
[答案]A.?
[析]本句译为:如果你将心放在学习上,你就会将英语学好。这里的语法现象是从句中用一般现在时表示将来。?
21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?
A.untilB.for
C.sinceD.because?
[答案]A.?
22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?
A.whyB.because
C.whereD.but?
[答案]B.?
2010届中考英语介词总复习?
(一)知识概要?
介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律,可帮助学习时参考,千万不要作为定律去背诵,照搬。?
介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他
about大约在……时间?aboutfiveoclock在周围,大约多远?aboutfivekilometres关于、涉及?
talkaboutyou
above高出某一平面?
abovesealevel
across横过walkacrossthestreet对面acrossthestreet
after在……之后?
aftersupper
跟……后面?
oneafteranother
追赶
runafteryou
against背靠逆风?
againstthewall,againstthewind
反对?
beagainstyou
among三者以上的中间?
amongthetrees
at在某时刻?
atten
在小地点?
attheschoolgate
表示速度?
athighspeed
向着,对着?
atme
before在……之前?
beforelunch
位于……之前?
sitbeforeme
behind位于……之后?
behindthetree
below低于……水平?
belowzero
不合格?
belowthestandard
by到……时刻,在……时刻之前
?byfiveoclock
紧挨着?
sitebysite
乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?
wasmadebyus
during在……期间duringtheholidays
for延续多长时间?
forfiveyears
向……去?
leaveforShanghai为了,对于
begoodforyou
from从某时到……某时?frommorningtillnight来自何方?
fromNewYork
由某原料制成bemadefrom
来自何处?
whereareyoufrom
in在年、月、周较长时间内?inaweek在里面?
intheroom
用某种语言?inEnglish穿着
inred
into进入……里面?
walkinto
除分?
divideinto
变动?
turnintowater
near接近某时?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark
of用某种原料制成?
bemadeof
属于……性质?
amapofU.S.A
on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?
onthedesk靠吃……为生liveonrice关于?abookonPhysics
over渡过一整段时间?workovernight在上方
overthedesk
超过,高于?overfivepairs
past超过某一时刻?
tenpastfive
经过某地?
walkpastthepark
since从某时以来?
since1980
原因?
Sinceyouwereill
through经过某一时期?throughhislife通过、穿过某地?
throughtheforest
till?until直到某时为止?tillfiveoclock
to差多少时间?
fivetoten
问,到,去往?
toShanghai
面对面?
facetoface
给予giveabooktome
under在……下面?
underthedesk
少于?
underten
在……管制之下undertherule
with用某种工具?withapen带着,具有
withme
without没有?
withoutair
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?
[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?
[析]at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。
[误]Dontsleepatdaytime??
[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?
[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?
[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?
[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?
[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?
[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??
[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??
[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。?
[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?
[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?
[析]在具体年岁前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?
[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?
[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?
[析]具体某一天要用介词on,又如:onNewYearsDay?
[误]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?
[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?
[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。?
[误]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?
[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.?
[析]during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。?
[误]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[析]On加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:onhearing…一听见,onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)?
[误]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终,终于"之意。?
[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?
[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?
[析]before一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。?
[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?
[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态
[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?
[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?
[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于过去时,如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in。?
[误]Threedaysafterhedied.?
[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?
[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?
[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after在时间词前,而later在时间词后。?
[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?
[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?
[析]after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。?
[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?
[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?
[析]树上长出的果实,树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.?
[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?
[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in,on,to。in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[析]at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?
[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[析]在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?
[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.?
[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?
[析]在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[误]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?
[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?
[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:atatailorsshop(裁缝店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在书店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)
[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??
[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??
[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on。?
[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:attable(吃饭),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.还有:atdesk(学习),atwork(工作)atschool(上学),inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜?如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:attheschool即在学校工作或办事,inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。?
[误]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光?"在……的路上"应用ononesway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。
[误]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?
[析]in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:startfor动身前往某处,setoutfor,sailfor。?
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?
[析]getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车,而getout为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?
[误]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.
[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.
[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.?
[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?
[析]over还有一意为"跨越,横跨"。?
[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?
[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?
[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。
[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?
[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?
[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?
[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思:①横过,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?
[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?
[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?
[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时,其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名词,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?
[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??
[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??
[析]beside是"在……旁边",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。?
[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??
[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。?
[误]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?
[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?
[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。?bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicycle?
byship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabus?
byplane=onaplane
byair空运
byland陆运?
bysea海运
onfootonhorseback?
byphonebyletterbyradio?
byairmailbyhand?
[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?
[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?
[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?
[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?
[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?
[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。?
[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?
[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。?
[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?
[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?
[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。?
[误]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?
[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?
[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?
[误]Hewasgoodforskating.?
[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?
[析]begoodat为"擅长某事",而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。?
[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[析]这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?
[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?
[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?
[误]Heisagreewithme.?
[正]Heagreeswithme.?
[误]Heagainstsme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。?
[误]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?
[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?
[析]hearfrom即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??
[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??
[析]作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点,如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?
[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??
[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??
[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)?
[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?
[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?
[误]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?
[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?
[析]becauseof后接名词,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?
(三)例题解析?
1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?
-Notatall.?
A?inB?onC?atD?for?
[答案]D.?
[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。?
2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??
A?byB?inC?withD?from
?
[答案]B.?
[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.?
A?after,of,inB?at,of,in
C?after,in,onD?at,of,on?
[答案]D.?
[析]lookat为"看",而onthewall为"在墙表面挂着",而inthewall则是"在墙内",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。?
4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?
A?atB?inC?onD?to
[答案]C.?
[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?
5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?
A?offB?nearC?onD?between
[答案]C.?
6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?
A?toB?inC?withD?about
?
[答案]C.?
[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。?
7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?
-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?
A?inB?atC?onD?for
?
[答案]C.?
8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??
A? toB? atC? withD? for
?
[答案]D.?
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool??
9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??
A? forB? atC? inD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?
10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??
A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989
C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?
[答案]B.?
[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。?
11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp??
A? withoutB? underC? forD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp??
12? Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses??
A? byB? throughC? onD? in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]through为穿过……。?
13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??
A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to
?
[答案]C.?
[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??
A? onB? inC? fromD? at
?
[答案]A.?
[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。?
15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??
A? inB? onC? atD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]inline为排队。?
16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??
A? bytheendofB? attheendof
C? totheendofD? tilltheendof?
[答案]A.?
[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合?
17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork??
A? inB? onC? aboutD? with
?
[答案]D.?
[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。?
18? JohnhitJack___face??
A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis
?
[答案]B.?
[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?
19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978?
?A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?
[答案]D.?
[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。?
20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??
A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。
21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??
A? underB? forC? withoutD? from
?
[答案]C.?
22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___her?
A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]shoutat为"冲某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody为"对某人和气。"?
23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?
A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of
?
[答案]A.?
[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。?
24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??
A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between
?
[答案]B.?
[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。?
25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949??
A? withB? onC? sinceD? in
?
[答案]D.?
[析]在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。?
26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??
A? inB? afterC? onD? at
?
[答案]B.?
[析]这句话应译为:几天之后Mr? Black到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。?
27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??
-Yes,hehas??
A? fromB? withC? onD? in
?
[答案]C.?
[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。?
28? Youmaydepend___him? Heis___honestman??
A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the
?
[答案]C.?
[析]dependon为"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不发音。?
29? ___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??
A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Toonesjoy意为"使我高兴的是。"?
30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?
A? forB? atC? upD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。?
31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree? 而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。?
32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
?A.inB.byC.onD.at
?[答案]B.
?[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
?[答案]D.
?[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。
?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
?[答案]C.
?[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。
?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
?[答案]C.
?[析]attheageof在几岁时。
?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.
?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
?[答案]C.
?[析]couldnthelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37?Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.
?A.onB.inC.atD.of
?[答案]A.
?[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
?A.toB.onC.inD.about
?[答案]C.
?[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。
?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.?
A.inB.onC.forD.with
?[答案]D.
?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
?A.inB.withC.forD.on
?[答案]A.
拥有快乐人生需遵循的法则
TwentyRulesforHappyLife
1.Complimentthreepeopleeveryday。
每天赞美三个人。
2.Watchasunrise。
看日出。
3.Bethefirsttosay"Hello."
先向别人打招呼。
4.Livebeneathyourmeans。
靠自己的力量生活。
5.Treateveryoneasyouwanttobetreated。
像自己希望得到的善待一样善待他人。
6.Nevergiveuponanybody;miracleshappen。
不要放弃任何人;奇迹总会发生。
7.Remembersomeonesname。
记住每个人的名字。
8.Praynotforthings,butforwisdomandcourage。
不要祈求得到什么东西,但可以祈求智慧和勇气。
9.Betough-minded,buttenderhearted。
意志要坚强,但心地要善良。
10.Bekinderthanyouhavetobe。
仁慈,再仁慈一点。
11.Dontforgetthatapersonsgreatestemotionalneedistofeelappreciated。
不要忘记一个人最伟大的情感需要是得到别人的欣赏。
12.Keepyourpromises。
履行自己的诺言。
13.Showcheerfulnessevenwhenyoudontfeelit。
即使没有快乐的感觉,也要努力表现出来。
14.Rememberthatovernightsuccessusuallytakes15years。
切记所谓的“一夜成名”通常需要付出“15年的努力”。
15.Leaveeverythingbetterthanyoufoundit。
让一切变得更加美好。
16.Rememberthatwinnersdowhatlosersdontwanttodo。
切记胜利者通常会做失败者不想做的事情。
17.Whenyouarriveatyourjobinthemorning,letthefirstthingyousaybrighteneveryonesday。
早上到办公室时,先说一件能让每个人在一天中感到愉快的事。
18.Dontrainonotherpeoplesparades。
看到别人的辉煌时,不要抱怨。
19.Dontwasteanopportunitytotellsomeoneyoulovethem。
抓住一切机会对别人说“我爱你”。
20.Keepsomethingstoyourselfanddontpromotehavocbyhurtingpeopleyoulove。
自己承受一些事情,不要让所爱的人受伤害。
Wealllaugh.Weallhurt.Weallmakemistakes.Wealldream.Thatslife.Itsajourney.Pleasefollowtheserulestomakethejourneyofyourlifeajourneyofjoy!
文章来源:http://m.jab88.com/j/89279.html
更多