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新课标下如何提高中学生的英语写作水平

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中学英语教学大纲明确指出:“写是书面表达和传递信息的交际能力。培养初步写的能力,是英语教学的目的之一”。(英语课程标准解读)新的英语课程标准也对全日制义务教育、普通高级中学各个阶段、各个级别的英语写作教学提出了不同的要求。近年来,书面表达在高考和中招考试占了全卷相当重的比率。英语写作,不仅可以验证作者的思想观点、写作宗旨、生活态度与人生哲理,查验作者对待错误缺点的认识,使之人生与思想境界得到净化和升华,而且还可以充分调动作者的情感因素,使作者有情可抒,有感可发,有悟可写。通过写作,作者的情感得到宣泄与寄托,思想认识得到提纯和提升,进而把写作当作一大乐事和一种精神上的抚慰。(李亦园)由此可见英语写作的重要性。

那么,新课标下,如何提高中学生的英语写作水平呢?我国著名的教育专家王初明先生认为:“写长法”可以通过“‘以写促学’作文教学”来达到写作的目的。新课标下的英语写作,理应使学生的自主性和个性角色得到充分发挥!

一、“语言知识”夯基础,“源头活水”不尽来。

中学英语基础知识,主要包括语音、词汇、句型、句法与语法(含时态、语态等)等。词汇、句型、句法与语法等这些要素综合运用,词成句,句成段,段成节,节成章,一篇文章于是应运而生,否则“巧妇难为无米之炊”也。

1、夯实基础,“习得”词汇。

英语写作中,学生最感头疼的,就是词汇问题。学生只有主动地、积极地、不断地积累、丰富、巩固和应用英语词汇,打好英语语言“基础”,才能搞好英语写作。词汇的积累方法略述如下:

(1)、通过“识记”,不断累积词汇。有意识记和无意识记相结合,意义识记和机械识记相结合,藉以学习、积累和巩固英语词汇。有些词汇可以采取“机械识记”和“有意识记”的办法,牢记于心,边学边用;有些词汇则可以通过“日常活动”、“师生互动”的方式,自然而然地达到娴熟运用的程度,譬如,英语老师每天都会询问值日生:“Whoisondutytoday”?说得多了、问得多了,学生自然就耳熟能详,onduty这个词汇自然就会用了。关于英语词汇的“识记”,有如下几种方法:通过单词的读音和拼写识记单词按音节拼写单词,识记单词通过单词的结构识记单词(注意词汇的内外部变化、基本的构词法)通过单词的意义识记单词(注意单词的词汇意义与语法意义)重视单词的运用(注意词组搭配、英美词汇的差异、同义词与反义词的辨析等)。(邬展云)

(2)、通过“阅读”补给,广泛积累词汇。绝大多数中学生尽管通过从小学、初中再到高中的学习,从教材上获得了一些常用词汇、常用句型的有关知识,掌握了一些简单的语法,但这远远不够,他们还必需通过扩大阅读量来获取更多、更丰富的语言知识,以加强英语写作训练,提高英语写作水平。“阅读使人明智,阅读使人晓理,阅读使人通心窍”,诚如是也。通过阅读英文版的文学作品、报刊杂志、广告词、产品说明书等,学生不仅可以扩大词汇量,了解英语的表达习惯,获取更多的信息(诸如英美等西方国家的人文历史、地理环境、体育卫生、风土人情等),为英语写作建立“数据库”和“储备仓”,而且可以提高自己学习英语的兴趣,增强英语写作的决心、恒心和自信心。中国有句老话:“读书百遍,其义自见”。教学实践证明:大声“朗读”和经常“阅读”英文,有助于学生识记和积累英语词汇,有助于培养学生良好的英语语感,有助于促进学生形成正确的英语思维,有助于学生了解不同的英语文体及写作方法,有助于提升学生的英语写作水平。通过“阅读”,学生逐步把习得的词汇、长短句乃至整篇的文章牢牢地存储在脑海里,写作起来,就能较为迅速地提取有用的词汇和信息,轻松便捷而又灵活自如。(何广铿)

(3)、通过“听说读写”,巩固和积累词汇。英语词汇的巩固和积累,无疑需要通过“听说读写”来实现。英语的听、说、读、写四者之间相互渗透、互为基础,而又密切关联、相辅相成、相得益彰。通过听与读的训练,可以领会和理解对方的思想;通过说与写,则可以用言语表达自己的思想与情感、陈述自己的意见与主张、阐明自己的观点与立场等。写的能力通过听说读的训练得以实现,而听说读的能力又通过写的训练得到培养和提高。教师既可以要学生“听写”、也可以要求学生“读写”英语单词、词组、习惯用语,甚至于句段与章节。只有将“写”的训练贯穿于教学的全过程,寓“写”于听、说、读等诸方面的训练中,才能真正全面提高学生“写”的能力。

2、把握中心,“拓展”词汇。

在英语词汇学习与运用词汇的过程中,要活学活用英语词汇和拓展词汇训练。“炼词法”,姑且称之为“中心词练习法”,即选定某一个词,利用其不同形式、不同时态、不同语态或替换不同的人称(充当主语)来练习“造句”,效果是很明显的。以动词clean为例,不同时态、不同语态、不同主语的情况下,就有不同的动词形式:(1)、Tomoftencleanstheclassroom,buthedoesn’talwayscleantheclassroom.(一般现在式)(2)、Tomcleanedtheclassroomyesterdayafternoon.(一般过去式)(3)、Tom’sbrotheris/wascleaningtheclassroom.(现在/过去进行时)(4)、Ihave/Hehascleanedtheclassroomalready.(现在完成时)(5)、Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyme/him.(被动式)etc.通过进行替换练习,句子造得多了,时态、结构掌握了,写起英语句子与英语作文来,便会熟能生巧,水到渠成。

3、活学活用,“灵动”词汇。

关于词汇,英语新课标对学生提出了一定的要求:了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式;理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义;运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征,说明概念等;学会使用一定数量的单词和习惯用语或固定搭配。当然,同时也要学习和掌握一定的语法知识:了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能;理解和掌握描述人和物的表达方式;初步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式;理解和掌握描述具体事物和具体行为发生、发展过程的表达方式,等等。(英语课程标准解读)

在进行词汇学习与词汇记忆时,首先要学会“触摸”文字,做到尽可能多地谴词造句,活学活用;其次,尽可能多地把正在学习、记忆的词汇串联在一起,形成语意相关的句段;再次,创设一些具体的情景、图像、环境,尽可能多地运用所学过的单词、短语、句式、句型,展开丰富想象,口头说出或以作业、日记的形式写出一定篇幅的文章来。

4、自我实现,“激发”兴趣。

培养与激发学生积极运用词汇进行英语写作的兴趣,使之做到:勤动手、勤动脑。英语写作是需要培养兴趣的。兴趣的培养不仅与学生本人固有的“兴趣爱好”有关,也与其“目标实现”有关,学生一旦取得进步、获得成功,就会产生更大的“兴趣”,因此提倡:短期目标与长期目标相一致;成功体验与创新发展相一致……积累了丰富多彩的英语词汇,写起英语作文来,就能左右逢源,得心应手,一气呵成。在教授七年级(新目标)英语(上册)Unit5的最后一节课时,教师把单元中出现的单词ping-pongbat,tennisracket,computergame,soccerball,volleyball,like,have等投影在屏幕上,鼓励学生写一篇“即兴作文”。学生们一边嘴中念念有词,一边饶有兴趣的“写”起英语作文来。他们变换不同的人称,妙笔生花,用I,He,She,We,You,They做主语,运用不同的句型,写出了自己和别人的爱好等。通过“第一次”的训练获得了成功的喜悦,他们的“写作”兴趣慢慢地上来了。

二、“片段训练”是方式,英语写作实打实。

英语写作训练中最有效、短期内最能立竿见影的方式,应该首推“片段训练法”了。这种训练,形式不拘一格(如日记周记、演讲稿、小品文、小故事、内心独白等等),篇幅可长可短,时间可紧可慢,操作起来十分便捷实用。教师既可以要求学生在规定的时间内写“即兴作文”,然后当堂面批面改,这种“亲授法”的效果是很明显的;或者让学生互批互改,这种“互批法”不仅可以凸现学生的主观能动性与团结合作意识,而且有利于学生共同进步,共同提高。这样一来,既减轻了教师的工作负担、增强了训练的时效性,又可使学生得到锻炼与提高,起到事半功倍的效果。此外,教师还可以让学生在家里进行“自我训练”,无论什么主题,无论什么时候,只要有事可写、有物可写、有人可写,皆可。

1、词汇片语归类与收集

很多学生经常抱怨单词难记易忘,好不容易“记”了一些单词、词组,却又配不上用场!英语词汇固然多而杂,然而利用科学的记忆方法,就能取得事半功倍的效果。譬如,可以尝试按照词性与对象、属性(如食品、饮料、水果、蔬菜、动物、植物等)对单词进行归纳与整理,既便于集中记忆,又便于随时取用。有一些片言只语,也不容忽视。如Lookout!Takecare!Nosmoking!Noparking!Ican’thelplaughing!etc.“天道酬勤”,只要善于积累与运用,就一定有惊人的喜悦与收获。

2、句型句式的运用

(1)英语中常见的句型有:简单句,由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。并列句,由and,so,but,yet,or等并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。

(2)英语中也不乏一些富有一定特征的句式,运用得当,定能为文章增色不少。如Herecomesthebus!Ifind/think/believeitinterestingtoflykites.Thereisnotimetothinkaboutit.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.Hehitmeonthenose.etc.多记多写,定能“功到自然成”。

3、英语语言的习惯用法

英语写作,自然应该遵循英语语言的习惯。如英美人初次见面问候:“Howdoyoudo”?再次见面则说:“Howareyou”?再譬如,marrysb.表示“某人嫁(或娶)某人”,getmarried表“已婚”等等。英语写作必须注意这些“细节”和“习惯”的语言表达法。

三、“写作习惯”需培养,展开“想象”之翅膀。

绝大多数学生对待英语写作的态度是严肃认真的,但是也有一部分人喜欢信手涂鸦,敷衍了事,没有良好的写作心理素质。对待这部分学生,教师就很有必要帮助其提高思想认识,使之放下包袱,抛开畏难情绪,养成良好的写作习惯,以积极、轻松、乐观的态度,主动、热情地参与到英语写作训练中来(章兼中)。

1、抓好“命题作文”与“想象作文”的训练。

对学生进行“命题作文”、“想象作文”训练,不失为比较行之有效的拓展思维、发挥空间想象力、增强学生逻辑思维的好方法。譬如,给出材料或命题,让学生改写、扩写、缩写、续写文章,要求学生给故事添加情节、添写故事开头或结尾;或是让学生概括文意、描写人物、表述因果、陈述己见;或是让学生写所见所闻所想所感,写学习心得体会、通知、会议、消息、信件,写自己的心里话。这种“任务型”的写作训练方法,作用明显,效率较高。此外,可以“延伸课堂”,组织学生去参观、访问、旅游,通过“第二课堂”的熏陶、通过大自然的洗礼,使学生的形象思维和“空间想象力”得以增强,使之放飞“想象”的翅膀。曾经有一篇高考作文,“如果我是……”(IfIwere……)----这种“发散式(开放式)”的作文,既可以开拓学生视野,丰富学生的想象力,又可以让学生畅所欲言,有情可抒、有感可发、有悟可写,何其好、何其乐也。

1.1“再造课文”的专项训练。

为了达到“有效训练,训练有素”的目的,教师可让学生改写、扩写、缩写与续写自己比较熟悉的文章。面对自己所熟悉的题材,加之老师所做的铺垫,学生们“写作”起来,往往能够做到心平气和,胸有成竹,游刃有余。曾让学生“改写扩写”高三(上)Lesson1MadameCurie(居里夫人)与Lesson11TheMerchantofVenice(威尼斯商人)两篇课文,学生们不仅运用所学过的词汇与句型,把文章的内容和要点“再现”了出来,而且还抒发了自己对居里夫人的无比钦佩与赞美之情以及自己“发愤图强,努力学习,立志造福人类”的决心;学生们对夏洛克贪婪残忍的丑恶嘴脸嗤之以鼻,对商人安东尼奥的高贵品质倍加赞许,其诚实正直、纯洁质朴的性情与品格跃然纸上,令人倍感欣慰与鼓舞。

1.2“定内容为中心”的训练。

为了做到“训练有目的,写作有对象”,教师可以选定一些内容与主题,进行“定内容为中心”的训练。如可让学生写学习心得体会、写通知、写会议情况与演讲稿、写新闻消息、写信发电子邮件等等。这样做,操作性强,效果极佳。

2、抓好“全收全改”与“修订重写”的训练。

“文章贵于改”。我国古代就有贾岛“推敲”之传说。文章写出来了,是不是就万事大吉了?非也。写出来的文章,还需要反复阅读、反复推敲、反复修改。一是教师有必要把学生的作文“收”上来,进行认真的批阅与修改,并给出相应等次与中肯的评定意见,指明努力的方向,实在“过不了关”的作文,应该“发”下去“重写”;二是学生也应该主动上交自己的作文,请老师“批阅”与“评定”。

3、把“发言权”与“主动权”交给学生。

?英语写作的“主人”是学生,因此,教师应该把“发言权”与“主动权”交给学生,而不能越俎代庖,搞“包办代替”。为了应付考试,让学生考出好成绩,在实际教学的过程中,有少数教师拼命撰写范文,让学生诵记于心,而学生也不加分析、不加消化地“照抄照搬”全文,以至于考场上“作文雷同”的现象屡屡发生。这样做,既不符合英语写作的要求与宗旨,也不利于学生水平的发挥、“个性”的发展,是误人子弟也。

总之,希望中学英语教师务实求真地组织好英语写作训练,激励学生不断积累英语写作知识、提高英语写作的兴趣,促使学生不断努力地写出质量上乘的英语作文来,为其今后的英语写作和英语学习奠定深厚、扎实的基础。

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中学生英语学习常见错误一览表?3


E
?
each?
[误]Everyofthemhashishabit.?
[正]Eachofthemhashishabit.?
[析]each可以作形容词,但也可作代词,而every只能作形容词。?
[误]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteachmonth.?
[正]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteverymonth.?
[析]each与every都作形容词讲时,都有"每个"之意,但有不同。each多指个体,而every则多指整体。如:Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.each不同来表达总体概念,所以不能与almost,nearly,likely等词连用。?
[误]Weeachhasabook.?
[正]Weeachhaveabook.?
[析]each作同位语时,其数应与其同位的名词相同,而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。?
eachotheroneanother?
eachother与oneanother这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调eachother是两者之间,而oneanother是多者之间,其实不然,如:Allstudentsmustcareforeachother,mustloveandhelpeachother.事实上这两个词组是同义的,如果要讲有什么区别的话,当我们非常笼统地谈,而不特指什么人时,多用oneanother.?
early?
[误]Couldyoucomeheremoreearly??
[正]Couldyoucomehereearlier??
[析]单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用?er和?est来作其结尾,如fast,soon,early,hard,long,near等。?
earth?
[误]Whatontheearthdoyoumean??
[正]Whatonearthdoyoumean??
[析]onearth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气,其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词,如:Howfaristheearthfromthemoon.而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Hefilledthepotwithearthandwantedtoplantsomeflowers.?
easy?
[误]Youcaneasyimaginemysurprise.?
[正]Youcaneasilyimaginemysurprise.?
[析]easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词,如takeiteasy(不要紧张),goeasy,standeasy等。例如:Easycome,easygo.(钱来的容易花的也快.)Easiersaidthandone.(说的容易做着难。)?
east?
[误]JapanisontheeastofChina.?
[正]JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[析]在讲述地理位置时,有3个介词常用,它们是in,on和to,其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内,如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.on则表示双方接壤,如:NorthKoreaisonthenortheastofChina.而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to,如:TaiwanistotheeastofFujian.?
either?
[误]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontliketoo.?
[正]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontlikeeither.?
[析]在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。?
[误]EitheryouorIareright.?
[正]EitheryouorIamright.?
[析]这在语法书中被称作就近原则,即哪个主语离谓语动词近,则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词,相同用法的还有neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,以及or在连接两个主语时。如:Youorheistogohome.Theotherswillhavetostayintheclassroom.?
elder?
[误]MyolderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[正]MyelderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[析]在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:myeldersister姐姐,但表示岁数时则多用older,如:SheistwoyearsolderthanI.?
empty?
[误]Aretheseseatsempty??
[正]Aretheseseatstaken??
[析]empty是指空洞的没有任何物体,如:Thehousewasempty,其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.?
English?
[误]MysisterstudiedEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedtheEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedEnglishverywell.?
[析]在泛指某一种学科时,不应加冠词,如:Ilikehistory.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如:HelikesthehistoryofAmerica.?
enjoy?
[误]Ienjoytoplayfootball.?
[正]Ienjoyplayingfootball.?
[析]enjoy后要接动名词,而不接不定式。?
[误]DidyouenjoyattheEnglishevening??
[正]DidyouenjoyyourselfattheEnglishevening??
enough?
[误]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingenoughcarefully.?
[正]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingcarefullyenough.?
[析]enough要用在形容词或副词之后。?
[误]Doyouhaveenoughofmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughofthemoney??
[误]Thecoffeeisntenough.?
[正]Thereisntenoughcoffee.?
[析]enough可以作be动词的表语,但其主语应是代词,如:Thatsenough.Itwas?enough.?如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。?
entrance?
[误]Theentranceofthecinemaisonyourright.?
[正]Theentrancetothecinemaisonyourright.?
[析]在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有keytothedoor,answertothequestion等。?
evening?
[误]Iwalkedhomeinacoldevening.?
[正]Iwalkedhomeonacoldevening.?
[析]intheevening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.?
everyone?
[误]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[正]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[析]everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它",就译作:Nobodynoticedit.要注意Everyoneofusisnotright.应译为"我们不都对。"而Noneofusareright.才应译为"我们全错了。"?
exam?
[误]Wetakepartinanexam.?
[正]Wetakeanexam.?
[析]takepartin为"参加"某种活动,运动,而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.?
except?
[误]Theroomiscleanexcepttwodesks.?
[正]Theroomiscleanexceptfortwodesks.?
[误]IcomehereeverydayexceptforSunday.?
[正]IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.?
[析]在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except,在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用exceptfor。而exceptthat其后接从句,如:Sheisagoodgirlexceptthatsheiscarelesssometimes.?而besides则是"包括在内",如"我学习英语同时还学法语。"应译为:IstudyEnglishbesidesFrench.?
exercise?
[误]ThestudentsexercisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[正]ThestudentspractisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[析]exercise多指运动、训练,而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。?
[误]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseseveryday.?
[正]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseeveryday.?
[析]作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词,而当"练习"、"体操"、"早操"则是可数名词,例如:IdoalotexercisesintheP.E.class.?
F?
fail?
[误]Tomfailedhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedinhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedtopasstheexam.?
[析]fail为不及物动词,其后可用in加名词,或直接接不定式。?
family?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyiswaitingforme.?
[正]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.?
[析]family是集合名词,把它当作整体看它是单数,如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如:Yourfamilyareverykindtome.Myfamilyisverylarge.?
far?
[误]Myschoolistenmilesfarfromhere.?
[正]Myschoolistenmilesawayfromhere.?
[析]far一般不与实际距离连用。?
[误]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedfar."?
[正]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedalongway."?
[析]一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语,而用alongway.far组成的常用词组有:asfaras.①远至,一直到。如:Hewalkedasfarasthestation.②就……而言。如:Asfarashewasconcernedthesebookswereverygood.③只要。如:IcanhelpyouasfarasIcan.?sofor到目前为止。例:Heisverywellsofar.?
fartherfurther?
far有两个比较级,即farther和further,其意思略有不同:farther主要用于表示距离的远近,如:MilanisfartherawaythanRome.而further则是指"进一步的",如:Willweneedanyfurtherdiscussiononthismatter.?
fast?
[误]Afasttrainrunsfastly.?
[正]Afasttrainrunsfast.?
[析]fast其形容词与副词形式相同。?
fastsoon?
fast指行动本身的速度快,如:Theforeignerspeakstoofast.而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短,时间到来的迅速,如:Shewillcomesoon.?
feel?
[误]Ifeelbadlyaboutmymistakes.?
[正]Ifeelbadaboutmymistakes.?
[析]感观动词如feel,smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feelgood是指某人精神好,而feelwell是指人身体状况良好。?
[误]Itrynottohurtherfeeling.?
[正]Itrynottohurtherfeelings.?
[析]feeling在作"感情"讲时要用复数,而作"感觉"讲则要用单数。如:Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwinthegame.?
few?
[误]Fewofthemisverygood.?
[正]Fewofthemareverygood.?
[析]few意为"几乎没有",但要用复数谓语动词。如果讲有一些人应用afew,如:Therewereonlyafewpeopleinthestreet.?
[误]Therearelessfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[正]Therearefewerfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[析]few的比较级为fewer,其后接可数名词;而little的比较级为less,其后接不可数名词。?
field?
[误]Heisafamousscientistonthefieldofphysics.?
[正]Heisafamousscientistinthefieldofphysics.?
[析]inthefield是"在田野上"或是"在某一学科领域内",而onthefield则多指"在战场上"。如:Helosthislifeonthebattlefield.?
fill?
[误]Shefilledorangeintomyglass.?
[正]Shefilledmyglasswithorange.?
[析]表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fillwith词组,如:Theboyranbackhomefilledwithjoy.?
fillfull?
fill是动词,但有及物与不及物两种用法,当表示"充满"之意时是不及物动词,应用fillwith,如:Thelittlegirlseyesfilledwithtears.而当表示"使……装满某物"时,是及物动词,如:Hefilledhispocketwithbooks.而befilledwith应看作系表结构,如:Theboysmotherwasfilledwithanger.full是形容词,要用befullof这一词组,如:Theboywasfullofjoy.?
find?
[误]Hehasfindedhislostbike.?
[正]Hehasfoundhislostbike.?
[析]find是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均是found。但found一词又意为"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为founded.?
[误]Itisverydifficulttolookforasuitablejob.?
[正]Itisverydifficulttofindasuitablejob.?
[析]lookfor为"寻找",而find是找到。寻找工作并不难,难的应是找到合适的工作。?
findfindout?
findout意为"找出、算出、发现",如:Ihavefoundouthowtodoit.而find的主要侧重点在找到某物,如:Ifindmybookunderthedesk.?
finish?
[误]Ifinishedtoreadthatbooklastnight.?
[正]Ifinishedreadingthatbooklastnight.?
[析]英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语,这样的动词在中考范围内有两个,即finish和enjoy。?
fire?
[误]Theresnosmokewithoutafire.?
[正]Theresnosmokewithoutfire.?
[析]此句应译为中文"无风不起浪"。fire作为物质名词"火"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"炉火"、"火灾"讲则是可数名词,如:Therewasafireinthenextstreetlastmonth.如要讲"着火了"要用beonfire,如:Thefactorywas
onfire.?
[误]Themanfiredtous.?
[正]Themanfiredatus.?
[析]fire(on)at均指"向某目标开火",at用于较小目标,而on用于较大目标。?
first?
[误]IsthisyourfirstlyvisittoBeijing??
[正]IsthisyourfirstvisittoBeijing??
[析]除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。
?
follow?
[误]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollow.?
[正]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollows.?
[析]asfollows是惯用法,其意为"如下",不论在任何场合均要用follows.?
[误]Asfollowsarehisarguments.?
[正]Thefollowingarehisarguments.?
[析]asfollows主要用于句尾,而thefollowing则用于句首。?
food?
[误]Toomuchsweetfood,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.?
[正]Toomanyfoods,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.
[析]food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:Thereisnofoodforsupper.而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。?
foot?
[误]Thereisafive?feet?widebridge.?
[正]Thereisafive?foot?widebridge.?
[析]用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。?
[误]Wewenttocollegeonfeet.?
[正]Wewenttocollegeonfoot.?
[析]by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:Icametoschoolinhiscaryesterday.Igotoshoolonatrain.?
for?
[误]Iwantedtogotothepubforhavingadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubforadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubtohaveadrink.?
[析]用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。?
[误]Iwenttotheofficeforseeingtheheadmaster.?
[正]Iwenttotheofficetoseetheheadmaster.?
[析]用不定式来表示动作的目的。?
[误]IwillleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor为一固定搭配,不要改动。?
[误]Iboughtabooktoyou.?
[正]Iboughtabookforyou.?
[误]Heisafriendforus.?
[正]Heisafriendtous.?
[析]在英文中"为"一词在泛指时用to,在特指时要用for.?
[误]Thisfoodisgoodtous.?
[正]Thisfoodisgoodforus.?
[析]词组begood(bad)for表示"对……有好(坏)处"。?
[误]ForIwasfeelingquitehungry,Iwantedtohavelunch.?
[正]Iwantedtohavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.?
[析]for作为"因为"讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。?
forget?
[误]Ileftmykey.?
[正]Ileftmykeyathome.?
[正]Iforgotmykey.?
[析]leave是"丢下"之意,所以一定要接地点状语,而forget是"忘记",所以不用接地点状语。?
[误]Iwillnotforgettherules.?
[正]Iwillneverforgettherules.?
[误]Pleasedontforgetpostingmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[正]Pleasedontforgettopostmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[析]要注意forgettodosomething为"忘了去作某事",而forgetdoingsomething则应译为"对已经作过的事记不起来了"。如:Heforgetreturningthebooktothelibrary.应译为"他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。"同样用法的词还有remember和regret.?
free?
[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofmyparents.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofmyparents.?
[析]free作为副词时意为"免费"、"不必付款",如:Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.而freely则意为"自由地"、"无限制地"。?
French?
[误]ShecomesfromFrench.?
[正]ShecomesfromFrance.?
[析]French是"法语"、"法国的",而France才是"法国"。
?
friend?
[误]Henoddedtomefriendly.?
[正]Henoddedtomeinafriendlyfashion.?
[析]friendly是形容词,不是副词。在英语中应避免讲Heisafriendofmymother.又比如:Igotoschoolwithmyfriend.从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲Heisafriendofmymothers.Igotoschoolwithafriend.befriendswith则是"交朋友"之意,例如:Ihopeyouwillbefriendswithme.而不应讲Ihopeyouwillbemyfriend.交朋友还有一惯用法是makefriends.?
from?
[误]Wheredoyoucomefrom??Icomefromthelibrary.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??IcomefromEngland.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??Icamefromthelibrary.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?应意为"你是从什么国家(地方)来的?"(即意为"你是哪的人?")而Wheredidyoucomefrom?才是"你刚刚从哪来?"?
front?
[误]Therearethreetalltreesinthefrontofmyhouse.?
[正]Therearethreetalltreesinfrontofmyhouse.?
[析]infrontof是某物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在某物体内部的前面。如:Thebusdriverisseatedinthefrontofthebus.?
G?
game?
[误]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.?
[正]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.?
[析]game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Ourschoolteamwonthegame.?
German?
[误]TheyareGermen.?
[正]TheyareGermans.?
[误]ShecomesfromGerman.?
[正]ShecomesfromGermany.?
[析]German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。?
gather?
[误]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.?
[正]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.?
[析]用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.?
give?
[误]Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.?
[正]Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.?
[析]giveup意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。
?
glad?
[误]Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.?
[析]"为……感到高兴"应是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.?
glass?
[误]Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.?
[正]Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.?
[析]glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:Theboybroketwopanesofglass.?
go?
[误]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??-Yes,Imgoing.?
[正]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??
-Yes,Imcoming.?
[析]go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Comehere!CanIcomeandhelpyou?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come,如:Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus??
gonebeen?
HehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。?
HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了。?
gold?
[误]Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.?
[正]Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.?
[析]gold作形容词指"金质的",如:agoldring,agoldcoin,而golden是"金色的",如:goldenage(金色的时代),但"金鱼"例外,为goldfish。
?
good?
[误]Ivebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.?
[正]Ivebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.?
[析]agood之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。?
goodwell?
Heisgood.应译为"他是个好人。"而Heiswell.应译为"他身体不错。"Ifeelgood.即精神状态良好,而Ifeelwell.即身体状况不错。?
[误]Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.?
[正]Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.?
[析]begoodfor是"对……有利、有好处",而begoodto是指"对待某人不错",如:Yourfriendisverygoodtome.?
grade?
[误]-Whatgradeareyouin??-Imingrade1.?
[正]-Whatgradeareyouin??-IminGread1.?
[析]当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。?
H?
hadbetter?
[误]Youhavebetterhurry.?
[正]Youhadbetterhurry.?
[析]hadbetter只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。?
[误]Youhadntbetterworry.?
[正]Youhadbetternotworry.?
[析]hadbetter后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"hadbetternot+动词原形"。?
half?
[误]Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.?
[正]Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.?
[析]"半小时"有两种讲法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一个半小时"应讲anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"应讲halfaday,"半镑"应讲halfapound.但要尽量避免使用halfayear,而应用sixmonths;不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.?
[误]Halfuscouldgotothepark.?
[正]Halfofuscouldgotothepark.?
[析]half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:Morethanhalf(of)myclassmatesareboys.?
[误]Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.?
[正]Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.?
[析]一个半oneandhalf后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone.?
[误]Halfofthesixapplesisred.?
[正]Halfofthesixapplesarered.?
[析]"halfof+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?
hand?
[误]Heshookhandwithhisteacher.?
[正]Heshookhandswithhisteacher.?
[析]与某人握手要用shakehands.与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:changehands(转手、易手),inthehandsof(由……控制),joinhands(与人合作)。?
happen?
[误]Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[正]Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[误]Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[正]Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[析]在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,takeplace和breakout都不具有被动态。happento常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.?
hard?
[误]Ihavetostudyhardly.?
[正]Ihavetostudyhard.?
[析]hard是形容词,如:ahardwork,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。?
[误]Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm,soIcouldnthardlystudyatall.?
[正]IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.?
[析]hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.?
have?
[误]Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[正]Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[析]用havesomebodydosomething还是doingsomething要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?
[误]Ihavemybiketorepair.?
[正]Ihavemybikerepaired.?
[析]havesomethingdone这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行车。)而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?
[误]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.?
[正]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.?
[析]"如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.?
headache?
[误]Ivegotheadache.?
[正]Ivegotaheadache.?
[析]Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:Ivegottoothache.但也可用作可数名词。?
hear?
[误]Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.?
[正]Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.?
[析]hearsomebodydosomething这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.变为被动态时为:Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.这种用法还适用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。?
hearlistento?
hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listento则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.?
但词组hearabout(of)则为"听说过"之意,如:Iheardaboutthis.(我听说过此事。)而hearfrom则为"收到某人信件"之意:Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.?
help?
[误]Pleasehelpmyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.?
[析]help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todo)something.意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。?
[误]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelptothinkofmychildhood.?
[正]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelpthinkingofmychildhood.?
[析]canthelpdoingsomething是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。?
[误]Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.?
[正]Helpyourselftosomecakes.?
[析]中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.?
here?
[误]Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Herecomesthebus!?
[析]副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Hereweare!?
high?
[误]Heisveryhigh.?
[正]Heisverytall.?
[析]英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?
hit?
[误]Themothergotangryandhittheboy.?
[正]Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.?
[析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?
home?
[误]Imtired.ItstimeIwenttohome.?
[正]Imtired.ItstimeIwenthome.?
[析]home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?
homehousefamily?
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲aletterfromhome,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Herfamilyisahappyone.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.?
homgwork?
[误]Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.?
[正]Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.?
[析]homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,healthinformation等。?
hope?
[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:Ihopetobeascientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.
[误]Idonthopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.?
[正]Ihopeyouwontgototheparktomorrow.?
[析]hope和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:Idontthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为Idontthinkso.或Ihopenot.?
[误]Ihopeyourhelp.?
[正]Ihopeforyourhelp.?
[析]hopefor为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hopefor+名词"这一结构。?
[误]Iwashopefultopasstheexam.?
[正]Iwashopefulofpassingtheexam.?
[析]对某事存有希望应用"hopefulof(about)+介词宾语"这一结构。?
hospital?
[误]Mymotherwasinthehospitalfortwoweeks.?
[正]Mymotherwasinhospitalfortwoweeks.?
[析]inhospital为"住院就医"。而in(at)thehospital为"在医院(工作)"。如:Heisadoctorin(at)thehospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为gotoschool,atschool为"在校就读",gotobed为"上床睡觉"。?
how?
[误]Iwanttoknowhowtodo.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.?
[析]how是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.
[误]Howdoyouthinkaboutit??
[正]Whatdoyouthinkaboutit??
[析]英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用Whatdoyouthinkabout…这一句式。?
hurry?
[误]Letshurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[正]Letshurry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[误]Dontworry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[正]Dontworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[析]请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"?
[误]Thecarishurryingthroughthestreet.?
[正]Thecarisrushingthroughtthestreet.?
[析]hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?
hundred?
[误]Therearetwohundredspeoplehere.?
[正]Therearetwohundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Therearehundredofpeoplehere.?
[正]Therearehundredsofpeoplehere.?
[析]hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundredsof是数百的,这一词组一定要加?s.?
hurt?
[误]Idontwanttowoundherfeelings.?
[正]Idontwanttohurtherfeelings.?
[析]wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。
I
if?
[误]IfitwillrainIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[正]IfitrainsIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.?
[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。?
ill?
[误]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.?
[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.?
[析]ill和sick都可以作表语,如:Imill(sick).美国英语中常用sick,而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。?
in?
[误]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.?
[误]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.?
[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays.?
[析]中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如:Hewillbebackinafewdays.?
ininto?
作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如:Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如:Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等词后则要用into.如:Shedivesintotheriver.?
instead?
[误]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.?
[正]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.?
[析]insteadof其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如:Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.?
[误]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.?
[正]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.?
[析]instead是副词,而insteadof是介词短语。如:Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.?
interest?
[误]Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.?
[正]Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.?
[误]Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.?
[正]Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.?
[析]interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。?
[误]Thisisaninterestedbook.?
[正]Thisisaninterestingbook.?
[析]修饰物时应用interesting,如,aninterestingfilm,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如:Iminterestedinthisplay.但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"beinterestedinsomething"这一句型。?
invent?
[误]AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[正]AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[析]invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如:CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover则意为"发现"。?
it?
[误]Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[正]Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[析]it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
J?

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表4


join?
[误]Didyouattendthefootballclub??
[正]Didyoujointhefootballclub??
[析]join经常用于参加某个团体、政党,并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场,而不一定进行具体活动,如:Didyouattendthemeetingyesterday?而takepartin则强调参与某些具体活动或运动,如:Itakepartinthefootballgame.
?
just?
[误]Ihavefinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[正]Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.?
[析]justnow意义"刚才",所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。?
[误]JustIwonthegame.?
[正]Ijustwonthegame.?
[析]just单独使用时不应放在句首,而应放于①be动词之后,如:Heisjustastudent.②名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后,如:Ihavejustreturnedhome.但just与其他词组成词组时,如justnow,justthen,则可用于句首和句尾。如:Justthenhesawthebuscoming.?
justjustly?
just常用于三种含意:①恰好,如:Itsjustfiveoclock.②仅仅,相当于only,如:Ihavejustenoughmoneytobuyadictionary.③不久前,如:Ijustmissedmyoldfriend;Heleftafewminutesago.而justly其意为"公正的",如:Hewasjustlypunishedforhiscrimes.?
K?
keep?
[误]Shewaskeepingsomethingtoherfather.?
[正]Shewaskeepingsomethingfromherfather.?
[析]"对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keepsomethingfromsomebody"句型。?
[误]Hekepttorepeatthewordagainandagain.?
[正]Hekeptrepeatingthewordagainandagain.?
[析]keepdoingsomething为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keepondoingsomething互换。它们的区别在于keepdoingsomething意为该动作一直不停地在进行中,如:Whenthetrainstarted,shekeptwavingherhand.而keepondoingsomething则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中,如:Hekeptonmakingthesamemistakesingrammar.
[误]Wemustkeepupthetimes.?
[正]Wemustkeepupwiththetimes.?
[析]这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代",keepupwith是"赶上"之意,而keepup则是"坚持下去"的意思,如:Keepitup,dontstopnow!?
key?
[误]Ilostthekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Ilostthekeytothedoor.?
[析]英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of,而key,entrance,answer则多用to,如:"门的钥匙"为keytothedoor,"高速公路入口"为entrancetothehighway,"问题的答案"为theanswer(key)tothequestion.?
kind?
[误]Thiskindofbooksarenotgood.?
[正]Thiskindofbooksisnotgood.?
[析]kind在这种句式中应作为主语,如果讲Thosekindsofbooksareverygood.则是正确的。?
kindsorttype?
kind和sort为同义词,意为"种类",而type则为"型号",如:Whattypeofthiscardoyouwant?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)?
knock?
[误]Someonewasknockingthedoor.?
[正]Someonewasknockingatthedoor.?
[析]knock虽可以作及物动词,如:Thecarknockedaholeinthefence.但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词:knockat(on)thedoor.?
know?
[误]Iwanttoknowtoplaythisgame.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtoplaythisgame.?
[析]要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如:Iwanttoknowhowtodoit/whattodo/whentodoit/wheretogo.?
knowknowof?
Iknowhim.为"我很了解他。"而Iknowofhim.则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hearof这一词组。?
L
?
large?
[误]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakeinhishomework.?
[正]Hefoundalargenumberofmistakesinhishomework.?
[析]"alargenumberof+复数名词",意为大量的。?
last?
[误]Thisisthenewestnews.?
[正]Thisisthelatestnews.?
[析]"最新消息"应为latestnews,因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息,请注意英语与汉语的区别。?
lastthelast?
[误]Isawmybrotherthelastweek.?
[正]Isawmybrotherlastweek.?
[析]当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用lastmonth,lastweek,而不能加定冠词,thelast可用于表示一系列词的最后一个,如:ThatwasthelastChristmasIspentathome.但thelast可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期,如:Iambusyforthelastweek.?
late?
[误]YesterdayIwenthomelately.?
[正]YesterdayIwenthomelate.?
[析]late即可做形容词又可作副词;而lately则意为"最近的",如:Ihaventseenherlately.?
latelatterlaterlately?
late有两个比较级,指时间较晚应用later,如口语中常讲:Seeyoulater.(一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者,或靠后的,其反意词为former,如:theformerpresident(前总统)。又如:Icanunderstandthelatterpartofthestory.而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughedatbyhisclassmates.中的at是不可省掉的。?laughover则指"笑着谈论"某事,如Welaughoverthefilm.(我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?
lay?
[误]Weliedonthebeach.?
[正]Welayonthebeach.?
[析]英文中有三个动词易混,在考试中也频频出现,它们的现在式,过去式,过去分词以及现在分词是:?
lay(?vt?.放)laidlaidlaying?
lie(?vi?.躺)laylaincying?
lie(?vi?.说谎)liedliedlying?
learn?
[误]Theteachersaid:"Youmuststudythispoembyheart."?
[正]Theteachersaid:"Youmustlearnthispoembyheart."?
[析]study与learn在作"学习"讲时,常常可以互换,但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习,如:Thelittlebabyislearningtowalk.而study则多侧重于学习的过程,如:Imstudyingatthiscollege.而learn…byheart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?
leave?
[误]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor一词组为"去某地",如对话中常讲IllleaveforShanghai.因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?
leaveforget?
[误]Iveforgottenmyhomeworkathome.?
[正]Iveforgottenmyhomework.?
[正]Iveleftmyhomeworkathome.?
[析]如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget,而要用leave.?
lesson?
[误]IhavetwolessonsofEnglish.?
[正]IhavetwoEnglishlessons.?
[正]IhavetwolessonsinEnglish.?
[析]"我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上,但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"Ihavetwoclasses."?teachsomebodyalesson为"教训某人",或"要吸取教训",如:Letthisthingteachesyoualesson.?
lend?
[误]Pleaseborrowmeyourbike.?
[正]Pleaselendmeyourbike.?
[析]borrow是指"借入",如:Iwanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.lend是"借出",如:Icanlendyoumybike.而keep为"借多久":如HowlongcanIkeepit??
less?
[误]Hehasfewermoneythanshehas.?
[正]Hehaslessmoneythanshehas.?
[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词,而后者修饰可数名词。?
let?
[误]Theteacherletsthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[正]Theteachermakesthestudentscleantheclassroomasapunishment.?
[析]虽然let,have,make有相同的用法,但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。
[误]Letsgotothepark,willyou??
[正]Letsgotothepark,shallwe??
[误]Letusgotothepark,shallwe??
[正]Letusgotothepark,willyou??
[析]Letsgo的反意疑问句是shallwe?而Letusgo的反意疑问句则是willyou??
life?
[误]ManypeoplelosttheirlifeintheSecondWorldWar.?
[正]ManyPeoplelosttheirlivesintheSecondWorldWar.?
[析]life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词;当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Whichdoyouprefer,townlifeorcountrylife?又如:Lifeisnotallfun.?
light?
[误]Thereisadeskwithalitlamponit.?
[正]Thereisadeskwithalightedlamponit.?
[析]light有两个过去分词:lighted和lit,当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词,如:Themoongetsitslightfromthesun.也可以作形容词,如:Theclassroomisverylight.还可以作动词,如:Thelittlegirllitamatch.作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意,如:Thisboxislight.Ilikelightblue.?
like?
[误]Mysisterisveryasme.?
[正]Mysisterisverylikeme.?
[析]as作为连词其后要接从句,如:Sheisagoodstudentashisbrotherusedtobe.而like是介词,其后接宾语。?
[误]Doyoulikeswimmingwithmetonight.?
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithmetonight.?
[析]like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时,其后面可接不定式也可接动名词,用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作,如:ImsorryIdontliketogoswimmingtonight.用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作,如:Ilikeswimmingverymuch.?
likealike?
作为形容词,alike一般不作定语,而只作表语,如;Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[误]Wouldyoulikeswimmingwithus??
[正]Wouldyouliketoswimwithus??
[析]在wouldyoulike…这一句型中,其后面只能接不定式,而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点:①HelikesTom.为"他喜欢汤姆。"②HeislikeTom.为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词,而第一句话的like为动词。?
listen?
[误]Youshouldheartheteahcersadvice.?
[正]Youshouldlistentotheteachersadvice.?
[析]hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音,而listento则侧重于听的倾向性。如:Welistenbuthearnothing.例句为"听取某人意见",所以只能用listentosomeonesadvice.?
little?
[误]Dontworry,thereislittletime.?
[正]Dontworry,thereisalittletime.?
[误]Thereisalittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[正]Thereislittlewater.ShallIgetsome??
[析]要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了,我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了,我去取点吧。"?
littlesmall?
little与small是近义词,在作定语时常常可以互换,如:alittlegirl或asmallgirl,但little一般不作表语,如:Thecaroverthereissmall.一句中不要用little.作定语时little常常带有感情色彩,而small则带有对比的含义。?
live?
[误]Tomliveswithhisparentsmoney.?
[正]Tomlivesonhisparentsmoney.?
[误]Helivesonteaching.?
[正]Helivesbyteaching.?
[析]"靠吃某物为生"应用liveonsomething,而liveby是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?
livingalive?
living侧重于生活得很好,身体不错,如:Mygrandfatherisstilllivinginhiseighties.而alive则强调没有死而是活着的,如:Isthatcataliveordead??
lonely?
[误]Shewantedtodoherhomeworklonely.?
[正]Shewantedtodoherhomeworkalone.?
[析]lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的",如:Helivesalonebuthedoesntfeellonely.
?
long?
[误]Ihavebeenstudyinglongfortheexam.?
[正]Ihavebeenstudyingforalongtimefortheexam.?
[析]long用作表达时间的副词时,在否定句及疑问句中最常用,但在肯定句中除与so,too,as…as连用外,一般要用foralongtime.?
[误]Illcallyouaslongasthebookwillbereturned.?
[正]Illcallyouaslongasthebookisreturned.?
[析]as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Howlongdoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[正]Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?Onceaweek.?
[析]因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率,要用howoften.
?
look?
lookforfind?
lookfor侧重于"寻找"这个动作,如:Whatareyoulookingfor?而find则侧重于结果,如:Itisverydifficulttofindajob.这里不能用lookfor,因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?
其他用法还有:?
[例]Heoftenlooksbackonhishigh?schooldays.?
[析]lookbackonsomething为"回顾"、"回想"。?
[例]Iwishyouwouldntlookdownon(upon)thechildrenswork.?
[析]lookdownon(upon)为"看不起"某人或某事。?
[误]Imlookingforwardtoseeyou.?
[正]Imlookingforwardtoseeingyou.?
[析]lookforwardto词组中的to是介词,所以其后要加名词或动名词,不能接不定式。?
lot?
[误]Icanbuythisdictionarynow,becauseIhavegotmuchmoney.?
[正]IcanbuythisdictionarynowbecauseIhavegotalotofmoney.?
[析]muchmoney多用于疑问句与否定句中,而在肯定句中要用alotof.?lotsof与alotof之间无多大区别,两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词,所以常常可以互换。?
[误]Heismorehappiernow.?
[正]Heisalothappiernow.?
[析]不可用more来修饰比较级,能修饰比较级的词有verymuch,alot,lots,any,no,rather,alittle,abit等。?
loudloudly?
这两个词含意相同,在日常用语中loud多与talk,speak,shout,laugh等动词连用,如:Dontspeaksoloud,youllwakethebaby.而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?
loudaloud?
loud多指把声音放大,而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如:?-Whatdidyousay??-Oh,nothing,Iwasjustthinkaloud.(我只不过自言自语。)?
M?
make?
[误]Thelittleboywasmaderepeatthewholestory.?
[正]Thelittleboywasmadetorepeatthewholestory.?
[误]Thefathermadehissontodohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[正]Thefathermadehissondohishomeworkfrommorningtillnight.?
[析]make的句型为"makesomebodydo(doing)something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。?
[误]Ialwaysdothismistake.?
[正]Ialwaysmakethismistake.?
[析]英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词,do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时,如:doafavour(帮个忙),doonesbest(竭尽全力),dogood(有益),doharm(有害),而多数情况下常用make,如:makeasuggestion,makeacake,makeabed(收拾床),makeanoise,makemoney等等。?
[误]Thiswinewasmadeofgrapes.?
[正]Thiswinewasmadefromgrapes.?
[析]当成品制成后,其原料的性质有所改变时应用makefrom,否则用makeof,如:Thisdoorwasmadeofiron.?
[误]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupalackofintelligence.?
[正]Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofintelligence.?
[析]makeup是"创造"、"编织",而makeupfor是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"?
[误]Wemadeupourmindtostudyhard.?
[正]Wemadeupourmindstostudyhard.?
[析]mind这里是可数名词,使用时要特别予以注意makeuponesmind是"下定决心"之意。?
[误]Ourclassismadeoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[正]Ourclassismadeupoftwentygirlsandtwenty?oneboys.?
[析]makeupof…是"某物由……组成或构成"。?
many?
[误]Ihavemanyfriends.?
[正]Ihavealotoffriends.?
[析]many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中,而在肯定句中则用处不多,尤其在非正式谈话中。如:?
-Howmuchmoneyhaveyougot??
-Ivegotplenty.?
[误]Youboughtmuchtootomatoes.?
[正]Youboughttoomanytomatoes.?
[析]toomany后接可数名词,toomuch后接不可数名词,而muchtoo后面接形容词,意为"太多"。?
[误]Formanyaweeksitrainedalot.?
[正]Formanyaweekitrainedalot.?
[析]manya意为"好多"、"许多",但其后面要加单数名词
。?
matter?
[误]Nomatterwhatyoudid.?
[正]Nomatterwhatyoudid,Itrustedyou.?
[析]Nomatter是个词组,意为"不论",它的语法功能是起连接作用,所以不能用于一个单独的句子。?
itdoesntmatter这个词组则不是一个连接词组,所以可以和一个单句连用,如:It?doesnt?materwhatyousay.(你说什么都不要紧。)?
maybe?
[误]Maybeheisright.?
[正]Maybeheisright.?
[析]maybe是副词,不要错用为maybe.?
maybeperhaps?
这两个词的词意一样,maybe常用于非正式谈话,而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如:Maybe/Perhapstheweatherwillgetbetter.而?JuliusCaesar?isperhapsthegreatestofShakespearesearlyplays.?
mend?
[误]Iwanttohavemybikemended.?
[正]Iwanttohavemybikerepaired.?
[析]mend意为"缝补",如:Mymothermendedmycoat.而repair是"修理"。?
mind?
[误]Couldyoumindtoclosethedoor??
[正]Couldyoumindclosingthedoor??
[误]Trytomakeupyourmindstudyinghard.?
[正]Trytomakeupyourmindtostudyhard.?
[析]mind用作动词时,其后加动名词;而用作名词意为"下定决心"时,其后要加不定式。?要注意DoyoumindifIsmoke?的答语:如果你不介意,应回答"No,goahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟,则应讲"Yes,pleasedont."?
miss?
[误]Ifoundmybagmissed.?
[正]Ifoundmybagmissing.?
[析]missing为形容词,其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed,它作动词时多为及物动词,要接名词或动名词,而不接不定式。如:Imissedthefirsttrain,Idontwanttomissseeingthefamousfootballplayer.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing,gone,lost等,如:Ifoundmybagmissing(gone,lost).?
mistake?
[误]Itookyourpenbywrong.?
[正]Itookyourpenbymistake.?
[析]bymistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误",而bymistake为"弄混了"。如:?
[误]IfImnotwrong,youareMrBrown.?
[正]IfImnotmistaken,youareMrBrown.(如果我没弄错的话,您是Brown先生。)
[误]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeasmybrother.?
[正]Theteachersalwaysmistookmeformybrother.?
[析]mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意,如:Itookyourbookformine.?
more?
[误]Thisbookismorebetterthanthatone.?
[正]Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.?
[析]不能用比较级来修饰比较级,而应用much,rather等来修饰比较级。?
[误]Moreyouread,moreyoulearn.?
[正]Themoreyouread,themoreyoulearn.?
[析]在"越……越……的"表达法中,形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意morethanone这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如:Morethanonestudentisgoingtodoparttimejobafterschool.?
nomorethannotmorethan?
nomorethan应译为"只不过"、"才",如:Hewrotenomorethanthreebooks.即他真正写了三本书。而notmorethan则意为"不会多于",如:Hewrotenotmorethanthreebooks.即他写的书不会多于三本。又如:Heisnoshorterthanyou.应译为"你和他都不矮",而Heisnotshorterthanyou.才应译为"他比你高。"?
most?
[误]MostofstudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[正]MoststudentsaregoodatEnglish.?
[析]mostof这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。?
[误]Myfriendsaremostteachers.?
[正]Myfriendsaremostlyteachers.?
[析]mostly意为"大部分的","主要的"。?
much?
[误]Theboywasasleepverymuch.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如fastasleep意为"熟睡",则是固定搭配。像interesting,exciting,surprising这些形容词化的现在分词,以及tired,interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。?
must?
[误]Hemustbeintheoffice,andmustntgohome.?
[正]Hemustbeintheoffice,andcantgohome.?
[析]must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测,而否定的推测则要用cant加动词原形。?
[误]Itmusthaverainednow.?
[正]Itmusthaverainedyesterday.?
[析]"must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如:Imustgoandcallhim.Hemusthaveforgottenit.?
musthaveto?
must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做,如Imuststopsmoking.其意为:我自己认为我要戒烟;而haveto则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事,如:Ihavetogotoschooltomorrow.?must无过去式,当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用hadto,如:WhenIwasyoung,Ihadtogotothefactory.?在否定句中mustnt意为:一定不要做某事,如:YoumustnttellthistoTom.而haventto则多意为没有必要去做,如:YoudonthavetotellthistoTom.而英语中多用neednt来取代haventto.?
myself?
[误]Icantplayping?pongmyself.?
[正]Icantplayping?pongbymyself.?
[析]第一句并无语法错误,myself为"我亲自要去",而bymyself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而Iwanttoplayping?pongmyself.应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"?
N?
name?
[误]Shewasnamedofaflower.?
[正]Shewasnamedafteraflower.?
[析]以……命名应为nameafter,又如给某人取名应为ThefathernamedhissonTom.?
near?
[误]Wecameneartohithim.?
[正]Wecameneartohittinghim.?
[析]这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"nearto这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如:Isitnearthedoor,Isitneartothefire.?
bynear?
Welivednearthecity.与Welivedbythecity.两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以bythecity是紧靠近某城市。?
need?
[误]Thisroomneedstoclean.?
[正]Thisroomneedstobecleaned.?
[正]Thisroomneedscleaning.?
[析]在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。?
[误]Weneednottodoit.?
[正]Weneedntdoit.?
[析]need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如:Weneedyourhelp.?
neither?
[误]Noneofmyparentsisateacher.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsisateacher.?
[析]对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither,none用于三人以上的情况。?
[误]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherhedoes.?
[正]Idontdomyhomework.Neitherdoeshe.?
[析]这时应用倒装句。?
[误]NeitheryounorIareright.?
[正]NeitheryounorIamright.?
[析]neither…nor…这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。?
[误]Neitherhestudiesnorplays.?
[正]Neitherdoeshestudynorplay.?
[析]neither,hardly,seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
?
never?
[误]NeverIhavebrokenmyword.?
[正]NeverhaveIbrokenmyword.?
[析]never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如:Ishallneverforgottheexpressiononherface.Losttimeisneverfoundagain.用于成语中,如:Betterlatethannever.(晚做比不做强。)nevermind没关系,如:"Whatdidyousay?""Oh,nevermind."?
news?
[误]Therearemanynewsabouttheaccident.?
[正]Thereismuchnewsabouttheaccident.?
[析]news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用apieceofnews.
newspaper?
[误]Ireadthenewsontodaysnewspaper.?
[正]Ireadthenewsintodaysnewspaper.?
[析]在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而onthenewspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如:MayIputthefloweronthisnewspaper??
night?
[误]Icamehomeverylateyesterdaynight.?
[正]Icamehomeverylatelastnight.?
[析]"昨晚"一般要讲lastnight,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterdaymorning等套用。?
nonone?
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如:Nonewsisgoodnews.但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用noneof,如Noneofthestudentswashere.?
nonot?
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如:Icanseeyoutomorrow,butnotSunday.如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry,thereisnotimetotalk.?
Noonenone?
noone与nobody一样不能接of结构,如:Noonewishedmegoodluck.而要用of结构时要用none,如:Noneofmyfriendswishedmegoodluck.?
nor?
[误]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,ordidIhearofit.?
[正]Ineversawthepaintingbefore,notdidIhearofit.?
[析]注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。?
not?
[误]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnotheteachers.?
[正]Thestudentswenttothepark,butnottheteachers.?
[析]要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not,而不用no.?
[误]Thereisnomylettertoday.?
[正]Thereisnoletterformetoday.?
[析]no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。?
[误]Henotonlywasawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[正]Hewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.?
[析]在这一句型中notonly之后的词与butalso之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与butalso后面的主语保持一致,如:NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.?
nothing?
[误]Nothingbutbooksweresoldhere.?
[正]Nothingbutbookswassoldhere.?
[析]要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误]Ihavenothingtodobuttocry.?
[正]Ihavenothingtodobutcry.?
[析]在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。?
number?
[误]AnumberofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[正]AlotofnewscanbeheardonTVtoday.?
[析]anumberof后接可数名词复数。?
[误]Thenumberofstudentsaretenthousand.?
[正]Thenumberofstudentsistenthousand.?
[析]anumberof其意为"大量的",而thenumberof…是"某某的数量"。即thenumberofstudents意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。?
O?
oclock?
[误]Itstenpastfiveoclock.?
[正]Itstenpastfive.?
[析]oclock所表达的时间是正点,如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用oclock.?
once?
[误]Pleasecomeandseemeonce.?
[正]Pleasecomeandseemeoneday.?
[析]once用来谈论过去的事情,而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用oneday,sometime等。?
[误]ImethimonetimewhenIwasastudent.?
[正]ImethimoncewhenIwasastudent.?
[析]英语中一次应用once而不用onetime,二次要用twice而不用twotimes.?
one?
[误]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforhundredyears.?
[正]Mygrandfatherwantstoliveforonehundredyears.?
[误]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuynewone.?
[正]Hethrewawaytheolddictionaryandwantedtobuyanewone.?
[误]Hisdogisbiggerthanmyone.?
[正]Hisdogisbiggerthanmine.?
[析]一般物主代词之后不用one,除非one前有修饰词,如myoldone,否则要用名词性物主代词。?
[误]Oneoftheteacherisintheoffice.?
[误]Oneoftheteachersareintheoffice.?
[正]Oneoftheteachersisintheoffice.?
[析]One是句子的主语,其谓语动词应用单数,而of后面的名词要用复数名词。?
[误]Onethirdofthebooksissenttothestudents.?
[正]Onethirdofthebooksaresenttothestudents.?
[析]几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置,其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致,如Twothirdsoftheworkisdone.?
open?
[误]Arethebanksopenedtoday??
[正]Arethebanksopentoday??
[析]要注意open即可用作动词、名词,还可以用作形容词,而close则不同。请看:Arethebanksclosedtoday?这一句是正确的。?
or?
[误]Hedoesntdrinkandsmoke.?
[正]Hedoesntdrinkorsmoke.?
[析]否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.?
[误]Heneitherdrinksorsmokes.?
[正]Heneitherdrinksnorsmokes.?
other?
[误]Wherearetheothersstudents??
[正]Wherearetheotherstudents??
[正]Wherearetheothers??
[析]other作形容词时没有复数形式,且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词,如:Asksomeothereople.而加定冠词后为特指。theother可在句中作主语、宾语或定语,如:Nowletmeshowyoutheother.(宾语)Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisateacher.(主语)others只能作代词,而theothers则为特指,如:Therearefivebooks.Twoofthemarenotgood.Iliketheothers.?
out?
[误]Shewentouttheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[正]Shewentoutoftheclassroom,takingadictionarywithher.?
[析]outof是指"从……里出来",使用时不要将of丢掉。?
P?
paper?
[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwosheetsofletterpaper.?
[析]paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。?
[误]Eachstudentmustwritepaperonwhathelearned.?
[正]Eachstudentmustwriteapaperonwhathelearned.?
[析]这里的paper作为论文讲,是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。
parent?
[误]MyparentsandIarebothinterestedinfootball.
[正]MyparentsandIareallinterestedinfootball.?
[析]parents即为父母、双亲,指两个人,加上自己为三个人,所以只能用all而不能用both.?
pass?
[误]Theshippastedthechannel.?
[正]Theshippassedthechannel.?
[析]pass为动词,而past则为副词,不要混淆,如:Myfatherhasbeenillforthepasttwoweeks.Allthestudentspassedtheexam.?
pay?
[误]Pleasehelpmedothisjob,andIwillpayforyoulater.?
[正]PleasehelpmedothisjobandIwillpayyoulater.?
[析]为某工作付给工人工资应为paysomebody,而payforsomething是为某物付款,如:Youcanbuyallthethingsyouwant.Illpayforthose.?
people?
[误]Therearefivehundredpeopleshere.?
[正]Therearefivehundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Thereisonlyonepeople.?
[正]Thereisonlyoneperson.?
[误]Peoplethereisfriendly.?
[正]Peopletherearefriendly.?
[析]people作为人讲时为复数名词,如要讲一个人应用oneperson,而不能用people,讲若干人时用people而不能加s,这样的用法还有police(警察)等,这些概念用单数时要换其他的词.如:people-aperson;police-policemanpolicewoman;youth-ayoungman/woman.?
picture?
[误]Therearesomespotsinthepicture.?
[正]Therearesomespotsonthepicture.?
[误]Thereisayoungwomanonthepicture.?
[正]Thereisayoungwomaninthepicture.?
[析]指溅落在画面上的灰尘,污物是onthepicture,即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on,而inthepicture用于讲画面的内容。?
pity?
[误]Whatpitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[正]Whatapitythathermothermustalwayssuffer!?
[析]pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词;但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词,为不可数名词,如:Ifeelpityforyou.它还可以用作动词,如:Hepitiedthepoorpeople.?
[误]Ihavepityforyou.?
[正]Ihavepityonyou.?
[析]可怜某人时应用have(take)pityonsomebody,这是个惯用法。?
place?
[误]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoanother.?
[正]LastyearhewenttoAmerica.Hetravelledfromplacetoplace(fromoneplacetoanother).?
[析]到处译为英文时为fromplacetoplace请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法,如:一户挨一户为doorbydoor,手拉手为handinhand.?
[误]Theaccidentwastakenplaceinthatstreet.?
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceinthatstreet.?
[析]takeplace为发生,它不能用于被动态,这样的词还有happen等。?
[误]Thereisnoplaceinthebus.?
[正]Thereisnoroominthebus.?
[析]room这里为不可数名词,意为空间,即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。
[误]IcameheretotakeplaceofMrSmith.?
[正]IcameheretotaketheplaceofMrSmith.?
[析]taketheplaceof意为代替、取代某人某事。
?
play?
[误]Doyouwanttoplayguitar??
[正]Doyouwanttoplaytheguitar??
[误]Iliketoplaythebridge.?
[正]Iliketoplaybridge(桥牌).?
[析]play作为玩讲时,在各种乐器前要加冠词,在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。?
please?
[误]Myfriendpleasedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[正]Myfriendinvitedmetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.?
[析]please作为动词时其词义不是请,而是高兴、愿意等意,如:Shealwaysdoeswhatshepleases.(她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如:Itshardtopleaseall.而please作为请讲时为语气词,多用于祈使句中,如:Pleasecomein.?
[误]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedtothelittlegirl.?
[正]Boththeteacherandthemotherwerepleasedwiththelittlegirl.?
[析]对某人表示满意、喜欢,应用bepleasedwithsomebody.对某事感到高兴和满意时多用bepleasedat或about,但有时也可用with,却不能用of.?
pleasure?
[误]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasures.?
[正]Theboygavehisparentsalotofpleasure.?
[析]pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐讲时为不可数名词。?
[误]Itispleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[正]Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.?
[析]pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为可数名词,如:Itisoneofmypleasures.?
police?
[误]Thepolicehasnotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[正]Thepolicehavenotfoundthecauseoftheaccident.
[析]police为复数名词,它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察要用apoliceman,两个要用twopolicemen,或apolicewoman,twopolicewomen.?
prepare?
[误]Impreparingtheexam.?
[正]Impreparingfortheexam.?
[误]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparefordinner.
[正]Wellreturnintimeforyoutopreparedinner.?
[析]prepare既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。作及物动词时其后面所跟的事物是正在准备的;而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如:Impreparingfortheexam.应
译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与searchfor.?
present?
[误]Dontworry.Icanpresentthemeeting.?
[正]Dontworry.Icanbepresentatthemeeting.?
[析]present作为出席、在场讲时,是形容词而不应用作动词。其动词意为送给;赠给;提出,如:Thereporterpresentedargumentsofhisidea.
?put
?
[误]Sheputoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.
[正]Shetookoffherreddressandputonthegreenone.?
[析]与put连用的介词很多,一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意义的介词,如:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),穿衣服是puton,但脱衣服却只能用takeoff,而putoff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意,如:Theyputofftheexambecausethenationalholiday.(因国家假日而推迟考期。)CouldyouputmeoffattheTownHall.(请在市政厅让我下车。)Pleaseputoffthewirelessbeforeyouleave.(走之前请关掉无线电。)?

?
radio
?
[误]Therearetworadioesintheclassroom.?
[正]Therearetworadiosintheclassroom.?
[误]Iheardtheweatherreportthroughtheradio.?
[正]Iheardtheweatherreportontheradio.?
[析]在收音机中听到某事应为hearsomethingontheradio,听收音机应为listentotheradio.这样的用法还有电视,看电视为watchTV,讲在电视上看见什么节目为watch…onTV,如:ImwatchingthefootballmatchonTV.但注意,作为一种通信手段时应为byradio,如:Policearetalkingtoeachotherbyradio.?rain?
[误]Thereisasmallrainfalling.?
[正]Thereisalightrainfalling.?
[误]Thereisabigrain.?
[正]Thereisaheavyrain.?
[析]大雨在英文中应为aheavyrain,raincatsanddogs为倾盆大雨,小雨为alightrain.千万不要讲abigrain或asmallrain.当作动词讲时,雨下得很大可译为:Itrainsverymuchnow/hardnow/heavilynow.?
reach
?
[误]Wereachedtothetownverylate.?
[正]Wereachedthetownverylate.?
[析]reach作为到达讲是及物动词,而arrive为不及物动词。但要注意reach的词组搭配,如reachfor,为伸手去拿,如:Thethiefreachedforthegun.reachout伸出手,如:Hereachedoutandtookaninterestingbook.?
ready?
[误]Youmustreadyatonce.?
[正]Youmustbereadyatonce.?
[析]ready为形容词,而不像中文中准备为动词。?
remember
?
[误]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.?
[析]remember其后接动名词,动名词所表示的动作已经做完,如:Idontremembermeetingyou.其后如接不定式,不定式表达的动作还没有去做,如:Doremembertoturnoffthelightbeforeyouleave.?
rest?
[误]Therestofthestudentsisgirls.?
[正]Therestofthestudentsaregirls.?
[析]rest作剩余部分讲时,therestof…结构作主语时其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3of,80%of等。?
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone.?
return?
[误]Myfriendsreturnedbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
[正]Myfriendsreturnedtotheirsecondhometown.?
[析]return即为返回,所以back是多余的。这句话还可以表述为:Myfriendswentbacktotheirsecondhometown.?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rice
?
[误]Wehadafewriceandsomebread.?
[正]Wehadalittlericeandsomebread.?
[析]rice为物质名词,为不可数名词。?
rich?
[误]Thecountryisrichofoil.?
[正]Thecountryisrichinoil.?
[析]berichin为盛产……。?
[误]Therichisnotalwayshappy.?
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
[析]形容词加定冠词表示一类人,作主语时要作复数看待。?
[误]Allhisrichesisnogoodtohimifheissoill.
[正]Allhisrichesarenogoodtohimifheissoill.
[析]riches为财富,是复数名词,没有单数形式。像这样的词还有goods(货物),greens(青菜),manners(礼貌)等。?
river
[误]Welikeswimmingontheriver.?
[正]Welikeswimmingintheriver.?
[误]Welikeboatingintheriver.?
[正]Welikeboatingontheriver.?
[析]游泳用intheriver,而在湖中划船要用ontheriver.
room
[误]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakearoomforher.?
[正]Therearealreadythreepeoplesittingonthesofa,pleasetrytomakeroomforher.?
[析]room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leaveroomfor…为给某人留点空地;makeroomfor…为让位给某人,如:Theyoungmanmaderoomforanoldwoman.
?
run
?
[误]Iranacrosswithanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[正]Iranacrossanoldfriendattheschoolgate.?
[析]runacross为偶然相遇。?
[误]Thetruckranacrossthecat.?
[正]Thetruckranoverthecat.?
[析]runover为从……上辗过。?
[误]YesterdayIrantoastormonmywayhome.?
[正]YesterdayIranintoastormonmywayhome.?
[析]runinto为撞上或撞在……上。?

?
safe
[误]Thebravemansafedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[正]Thebravemansavedtheboyfromdrowning.?
[析]safe是形容词,如:Theywishedhimasafejourney.safely是副词,如:Theyoungmandriveshiscarsafely.而safety是名词,如:safetyisland(安全岛),Safetyfirst!(安全第一!)但save是动词。
same?
[误]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesamethatyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[正]YesterdayIgotapostcard.Itisthesameasyougotthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[析]thesamethat意为"即是",而thesameas才能译为"像……一样的。"?
[误]Yourbookisnotsameasmine.?
[正]Yourbookisnotthesameasmine.?
[析]thesameas中的定冠词不能少。
say?
[误]Hisreportwrotesheisnineteen.?
[正]Hisreportsayssheisnineteen.?
[析]中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?
sayspeaktalktell
?
英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Pleasetellmeastory.而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如:PleasespeakEnglish.请看下句:Hewentontalkingforalongtime,buthespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.?
sea?
[误]Asaboyhisgreatambition(抱负)wastogotothesea.?
[正]Asaboyhisgreatambitionwastogotosea.?
[析]gotosea为"去当水手、海员";而gotothesea=gototheseaside,如:Hewanttogototheseaforhisvacation.?
在"海中"游泳为inthesea;atsea为在"海上航行",如:Ihaveabrotheratsea.bysea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如:WetravelledtoNewYorkbysea.?
second?
[误]Iwanttolearnthesecondforeignlanguage.?
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage.?
[析]当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用thesecond而要用asecond.thesecond强调排队的次序,asecond强调再增加一个。?
see?
[误]Hewasseenleavetheroom.?
[正]Hewasseentoleavetheroom.?
[析]see作主动态时用作toseesomebodydosomething,而用作被动态时则是somebodytobeseentodosomething.要注意惯用法letmesee(让我想想)。?
sheep?
[误]Therearefivesheepsonthegrass.?
[正]Therearefivesheeponthegrass.?
[析]sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有:deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。?
ship?
[误]Itravelledonayacht.?
[正]Itravelledonaship(inayacht).?
[析]虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in,而ship要用on.?
sick?
[误]Thelittleboywasaillboy.?
[正]Thelittleboywasasickboy.?
[析]sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如:Hefeelsill.或Hefeelssick.都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.?
since?
[误]HeislivinginGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehaslivedinGreecesince1978.?
[正]HehasbeenlivinginGreecesince1978.?
[析]
由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。?
[误]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecamebackfromAmerica.?
[正]ShehasbeenquitedifferentsincecomingbackfromAmerica.?
[析]分词短语可以用在after,before,since等介词后面。?
sleep?
[误]Theboywasveryasleep.?
[正]Theboywasfastasleep.?
[析]熟睡在英文中为fastasleep.非正式英语中一般不常用Hessleeping.而常讲Hesasleep.其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如:Ishallgotobednow.Imsosleepy."卧铺"英国人讲sleepingcar,而美国人讲sleeper.?
slow?
[误]Slowthedooropened.?
[正]Slowlythedooropened.?
[析]slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如:Tellhimtodriveslower.Slow,dangerousbend.但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?
smile?
[误]Shesmiledtome.?
[正]Shesmiledatme.?
[析]"冲着某人笑"应为tosmileatsomebody.?
so?
[误]Itissuchbeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.?
[正]Itissobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.?
[析]关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况:①用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。②用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttogoforawalk.Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在只有形容词时只能用so,如:ItissogoodthatIlikeitverymuch.④在many,much,few,little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuythedictionary.?
[误]Hegotupearlysoashecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlythathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
some
?
[误]Doyouhavesomelessonetoprepare??
[正]Doyouhaveanylessonstoprepare??
[析]在疑问句或否定句中要用any;some多用在肯定句中,如:Ihavesomemoneytobuyit.?
在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如:Couldyoulendmesomemoney?即真心想要借到钱。?
sometime?
[误]IhavesometimethoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
[正]IhavesometimesthoughtthatIshouldliketoliveinthecountry.?
sometimesometimessometimessometime?
sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如:Wellmeetagainsometimenextyear.或过去的"某一时刻",如:IsawhersometimeinJuly.sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如:Everymanisafoolsometimes,andnoneatalltimes.Sometimes为"若干次",如:IvisitedAmericasometimes.Maybefiveorseventimes.Iamnotsure.Sometime则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如:Iwanttoleavesometime.?
soon?
[误]Theroomassoonasbecamecrowded.?
[正]Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.?
[析]soon为"不久"、"很快",如:Illbethereverysoon.而assoonas意为"一……就……",如:AssoonasIfinishedmyhomeworkIwentouttoplayfootball.?
sound?
[误]Thereportsoundswell.?
[正]Thereportsoundsgood.?
[析]sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如:Howsweetthemusicsounds!?
sport?
[误]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprot??
[正]Areyougoingtorunintheschoolsprots??
[析]sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如:Basketballisanindoorsport.而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表?2


B?
back?
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogohome.?
[析]back用作"回到(某处)"之意,不是动词。?
be?
[误]Wheredoyoufrom??
[正]Whereareyoufrom??
[析]"你从何处来"应为Whereareyoufrom?或Wheredoyoucomefrom?但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。要是口语中问"你是从什么地方来?"应讲Wheredidyoucomefrom?回答用Icamefromthelibrary.?
beat?
[误]Wehavewonyourclass.?
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.?
[正]Wehavewonthegame.?
[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。?
[误]Theballbeatmebadly.?
[正]Theballhitmebadly.?
[误]Heusedtohitthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[正]Heusedtobeatthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。?
beautiful?
[误]Heisabeautifulboy.?
[正]Heisahandsomeboy.?
[析]我们可以讲Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.?
because?
[误]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.?
[正]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.?
[误]BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.?
[正]BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.?
[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。例如:Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者:Westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.?
becausebecauseof?
because后要接从句,例如:Welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名词作介词宾语,如:Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.?
before?
[误]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.?
[正]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.?
[析]killtime意为"消磨时光"。?
英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如:Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.
[误]Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.?
[正]Ididthisworktwodaysago.?
[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.?
beforelonglongbefore?
beforelong是"不久"之意,例如:IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore则是"很久很久"之意,如:Weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.(我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。)?
begin?
[误]ThemeetingwillbeginfromMonday.?
[正]ThemeetingwillbeginonMonday.?
[误]Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.?
[正]Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.?
[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:Thefilmhasbegun.这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用hasbeenon即"上演了10分钟"。?
beginstart?
begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.?
[误]Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.?
[正]Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.?
[析]frombeginningtoend是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.?
behind?
[误]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.?
[正]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.?
[析]behindtime一短语意为"晚了",而behindthetimes意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词,如Comeoutfrombehindthedoor(介词).Hesalongwaybehind(副词).Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates(副词).?
below?
[误]Whatsthatbelowthechair.?
[正]Whatsthatunderthechair.?
[析]under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:Thereisafallbelowtheriver.(河的下游有一个瀑布。)其反义词为over,如:Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.?
beside?
[误]Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.?
[正]Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.?
[误]IstudyEnglishbesideChinese.?
[正]IstudyEnglishbesidesChinese.?
[析]beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)"。?
besidebynear?
beside意为"在……旁",如:Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:Thereisapostofficenearourschool.?
better?
[误]Youhadbettertodoitathome.?
[正]Youhadbetterdoitathome.?
[误]Youhadntbetterwakemeupatsix.?
[正]Youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.?
[析]hadbetter在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用hadbetter+not+动词原形。在简答语中had常省略为d,如:Youdbetternot.又如:
?Lets?gofirst.No,wedbetternot.?
between?
[误]Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[正]Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.?
[误]Youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.?
[正]Youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.?
[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….?
big?
[误]Therewasabigrainlastnight.?
[正]Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.?
[析]大雨在英语中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.?
bit?
[误]Heisabitfool.?
[正]Heisabitofafool.?
[析]abit可以作程度副词,与alittle相同,但它用于名词前应用abitof,而用于形容词前则应用abit,如:Imabittired,而其简答的否定句应为Notabit,(一点儿也不。)又如:?
-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor??
-Notabit.?
black?
[误]Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.?
[正]Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.?
[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned,suncolour或dark.?
[误]Thegirlhasblackeyesandblack
hair.?
[正]Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.?
[析]英语中blackeyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。?
[误]TheEuropeanslikeredtea.?
[正]TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.?
[析]红茶在英文中应为blacktea.这种惯用法还有:blackandblue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);black?and?white(黑白电视片)。goblack意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";lookblack意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡"。如:Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.OnTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblack?and?whiteforothers.?
body?
[误]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.?
[正]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.?
[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。?
borrow?
[误]MayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[正]MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[误]HowlongcanIborrowit??
[正]HowlongcanIkeepit??
[析]英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrowsomethingfromsomebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。例如:Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如:Couldyoulendusyourdictionary?或Couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与howlong等疑问词连用,如:Youcankeepitforthreedays.?
born(bear的过去分词)?
[误]IborninShanghai.?
[正]IwasborninShanghai.?
[误]HewasbornfromGreekparents.?
[正]HewasbornofGreekparents.?
[析]"出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:Hewasbornofapoorfamily.
both?
[误]Theybotharestudents.?
[正]Theyarebothstudents.?
[误]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.?
[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.?
[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。
[误]Iknowhisbothparents.?
[正]Iknowbothhisparents.?
[误]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.?
[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。?
[误]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.?
[误]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.?
[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.?
[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.?
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能将两本书全给你。)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。)?
bring?
[误]PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[误]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.?
[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.?
[析]英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走"。还有一个词fetch,表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来"。如:Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.?
business?
[误]MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.?
[正]MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.?
[析]onbusiness出差?
busy?
[误]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.?
[析]bebusydoingsomething为"忙于作某事"?
[误]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.?
[析]busy直接接名词时应用with.?
but?
[误]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.?
[正]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.?
[误]Shecouldnthelptocrywhenshesawhermother.?
[正]Shecouldnthelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.?
[析]couldnthelp其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldnthelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。"
?
buy?
[误]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。?
by?
[误]Theboyshotthecatbyagun.?
[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.?
[误]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.?
[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.?
[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:bycar,bybike,byair等。如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.?与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:bytheway顺便说说;byhand手工制作;byoneself独自地;bynomeans决不。?
C
call?
[误]IllcallatMrBrown.?
[正]IllcallonMrBrown.?
[误]IllcallonMrBrownshome.?
[正]IllcallatMrBrownshome.?
[析]作"拜访"讲时,at后面接访问地点,而on后面接访问的人。
?callondropinvisit?
callon比较正式的为公务的访问,如:Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin则是比较随便的走走,顺便拜访,如:Ifyourefree,dropin.而visit则是更正式的外交访问或友好往来,如:MyschoolsheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.?
can?
[误]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[正]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[误]Icanntcallforyouatten.?
[正]Icantcallforyouatten.?
[析]can的否定形式应为cannot或cant.?
[误]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatmustntbethepostman.?
[正]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatcantbethepostman.?
[析]must用来表示一种肯定的推断,如:Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中则要用cant,要表示对过去的推测则要用"must+have+过去分词"的表达法,如:Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而对过去的否定推测则多用"?cant?+have+过去分词",如:Idontthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.?
[误]Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.?
[析]"couldnthelp+动名词"表示禁不住做了某事。但couldnothelpbut与couldnotbut后面要加不带to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.?
canbeableto?
can与beableto都可以用来表示能力,但can只有现在时与过去时,beableto则可用任何时态,如:Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示经过努力而达到的一次性动作则只能用beableto,如:Hefinallywasabletojumpover2?10meters.或:Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是这两个词都没有进行时态,而beableto后面不接不定式的被动态。?
cancould?
can与could都可以用在现在时的口语中,只是用could更为礼貌,语气更委婉。如:Couldyoutellusastory?
care?
[误]Idontcarecoffee.?
[正]Idontcareforcoffee.?
[误]Takecareforyoursteps.?
[正]Takecareofyoursteps.?
[析]carefor是"对某物感兴趣",而careof是"关心,要当心某事",如:Shedidntcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.?
[误]Idontcarewherewewillgoifitdoesntrain.?
[正]Idontcarewherewegoifitdoesntrain.?
[析]在itdoesntmatter,Idontcare,Idontmind,及incase引出的状语从句后面要用现在时表示将来。如:Ivegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.?
change?
[误]Iwanttochangemycamerawiththatone.?
[正]Iwanttochangemycameraforthatone.?
[析]changefor为"以某物为交换物"。而changewith则是"随……而变",如:Thewoodscolourchangedwiththeseason.?
cheap?
[误]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.?
[正]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverylow.?
[析]工资的高低要用low,cheap是指价格便宜,如果要讲物美价廉则要用notexpensive,如:Thiscarisnotexpensive.?
choose?
[误]WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.?
[正]WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.?
[析]choice是名词,而choose是动词。?
class?
[误]TheclassiswatchingTV.?
[正]TheclassarewatchingTV.?
[析]class作主语时,如果作为整体讲则应用单数形式的谓语动词,如:Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考虑到具体的每个成员时则应用复数形式的谓语动词,如:Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.?
clean?
[误]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanlyforgot.?
[正]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanforgot.?
[析]clean可以作为副词讲,其意为"完全",而cleanly则意为"正确地"、"干净利落地",如:Theknifedoesntcutcleanly.而clean作为形容词讲时意为"清洁的"、"干净的",如:Herfaceisnotcleannow.?
clever?
[误]ImnotcleverinEnglish.?
[正]ImnotcleveratEnglish.?
[析]cleverat是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特长。?
close?
[误]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose.?
[正]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.?
[析]这里的close是动词,意为"关闭",而keep后要加形容词,所以要用close的过去分词形式closed作形容词。作形容词用的close意为"近的"、"亲密的"。?
[误]ComecloselysothatIcanseeyou.?
[正]ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.?
[误]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.?
[正]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.?
[析]close,closely同样可以作副词用,但其意义不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely则是"紧密"、"严密"、"密切"之意。?
[误]Myschoolwasquiteclosefrommyhome.?
[正]Myschoolwasquiteclosetomyhome.?
[析]"与……接近"是closeto…,例如:?
Hewasclosetofifty.?
Thereisabus?stopclosetothestation.?
closeshutturn?
shut与close是同义词,如closethedoor或shutthedoor.但要讲把某人关在门外时则只能用shutsomebodyout而不能用close,因shut语气较强,并含有隔离之意。而turnoff是指关上电视、电灯、煤气之类,有切断之意。?
cloth?
[误]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschool.?
[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschool.?
[误]Ineedalotofclothing.?
Imgoingtomakeanewcloth.?
[正]Ineedalotofcloth.?
Imgoingtomakeanewdress.?
[析]cloth是"布"、"布料",没有复数形式。一块布料是apieceofcloth,而clothes统指衣服,是复数名词,"一套衣服"要讲asuitofclothes,如果是"一件件衣服"应讲shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的总称,是不可数名词。例如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.?英语中的dress是指比较正式的服装,如aschooldress(校服),astudentdress(学生套装),aworkingdress(工作服)。?
coffee?
[误]Pleasegivemetwowaters.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocupsofwater.?
[析]虽然coffee,water,tea等都是物质名词,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的却不行,其前要加acupof或aglassof.?
colour(color)?
[误]Coloursofflowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[正]Flowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[析]中文的"花的颜色有红色、黄色和白色",若译为英文Coloursofflowersare…,就显得重复了。?
[误]Ilikegreencolour.?
[正]Ilikegreen.?
[正]Ilikecolourgreen.?
[析]colourgreen中的colour是green的同位语,所以这种说话方式英语是可以接受的。?
come?
[误]Icameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[正]Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[析]comeacross是"偶然碰见、遇见",要直接加宾语,如:Ivejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.?
[误]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
Icomefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??
Icamefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
IcomefromChina.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?意为"你是什么地方的人?"?而Wheredidyoucomefrom?则是"你从何处来?"?
[误]Thestarsarecomingoutfromthecloud.?
[正]Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.?
[析]comeoutof意为"从……地方出来"。?
comeincomeintoenter?
comein与comeinto的意义相同,但comeinto后面要加宾语,而comein后面不用宾语。如Ifoundsomeonecameintomyroom.Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.?
enter常作为及物动词使用,如:ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.?
congratulate?
[误]Iwanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[正]Iwanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[析]动词congratulatesomebodyonsomething是"向某人祝贺某事"。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数,如:Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.
又如:Congratulations!?
cook?
[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.?
[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.?
[析]很多动词加上?er则变为执行该动作的一种人,如work?worker,teach?teacher.但cook即是动词"做饭",同时名词也是"厨师"。而cooker则是"厨具"、"炊具"之意。如:Iwillcookthedinner.Iboughtagoodpresscooker(高压锅)。?
corner?
[误]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.?
[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[误]Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.?
[正]Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom.?
[析]inthecorner是在建筑物内部的角上,而atthecorner是在外部的角上,如:Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.?
cost?
[误]Icosttendollarsforthebook.?
[正]Ispenttendollarsonthebook.?
[误]Icosttwohourstodomyhomework.?
[正]Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.?
[析]cost,spend.take都可以作"花费"讲,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+时间或金钱",如:Thebookcostmetendollars.spend的用法是"somebody+spend+时间+(in)doingsomething",如:Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或"somebody+spend+金钱+onsomething",如:Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook.而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it:"It+takes+somebody+时间+todosomething",如:Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.?
country?
[误]Youcanfindcowsinacountry.?
[正]Youcanfindcowsinthecountry.?
[析]country即可作"国家"讲,也可作"农村"讲。当作"农村"讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式。例如:?
[误]Farmersliveinthecountries.?
[正]Farmersliveinthecountry.?
[析]但作为"国家"讲时则可有单、复数形式,例如:JapanisanAsiancountry.Japan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的国家,如:NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry.而nation多指民族组成的国家,如:TheChinesenation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围,如:thestatefarm(国营农场)。?
cross?
[误]Therearetrafficlightsatthecross.?
[正]Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.?
[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西,如:RedCross(红十字会)。?
[误]Thelittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.?
[正]Thelittleboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.?
[析]across是副词或介词,但不能作动词用。?
crosspass?
cross是指横过某地,如:Hecrossedthesquare.而pass则强调从某物体旁经过,如:ImailedsomeletterswhenIpassedthepostoffice.?
crowd?
[误]Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.?
[正]Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.?
[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词,所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构,如:Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.?
cup?
[误]Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.?
[正]Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner.?
[误]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.?
[正]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.?
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我们讲Idrinkaglassofwineatsupper.而不讲Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.?
D?
dance?
[误]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadanceparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadancingparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadance.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoaball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)?
date?
[误]Hestudiedtenhoursadate.?
[正]Hestudiedtenhoursaday.?
[析]date是指具体日期。如问Whatsthedatetoday?应回答具体日期:"October1st1998."而day是指1日(24小时)。如Whatdayistoday?问的是星期几,应回答"ItsSunday."
[误]TodaysdateisJanuaryfirst.1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1,1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1st,1998.?
[析]在日期书写中不要用序数词全写,而要用1st,2nd,3rd……如果一定要用序数词,其顺序应为:ItisthefirstofJanuary.?
day?
[误]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisaneverydayEnglishbook.?
[误]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[正]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[析]everyday是形容词,意为"日常的",而everyday则是"每天"、"天天"之意。?
dead?
[误]Myfatherhasdiedfortenyears.?
[正]Myfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.?
[析]die是瞬间动词,它可以用于完成时,如:Myfatherhasdied.但用于完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。它也可以用于过去时,如:Myfatherdiedthreeyearsago
[误]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadswhowerekilledinthewar.?
[正]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadwhowerekilledinthewar.?
[析]形容词前如加定冠词表示一类人,如therich(富人),thesick(病人),thepoor(穷人),其后的谓语动词要用复数,如:Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
deaddeadly?
dead在某些词组里是"完全"、"的确"的意思,如deadright,deadtired,deadsure。而deadly则是"致命的",如:Therichmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.又如:Cancerisadeadlydisease.?
deaddied?
dead是形容词,如:MrsGintywasdead.而died是动词die的过去式及过去分词,如:Shediedin1960.但英语中如表达出对某人去世的伤感说法是passaway,如:Myfatherpassedaway,thismorning.?
deer?
[误]Inthezoo,therearemanydeers.?
[正]Inthezoo,therearemanydeer.?
[析]deer是单、复数同形的词,如:onedeer,twodeer,这样的名词还有fish,sheep等。但如果讲Therearemanyfisheshere.这句话应译为"这里有许多种鱼类。"而不应译为"这里有很多鱼。"?
desk?
[误]Theboysatinhisdesk.?
[正]Theboysatathisdesk.?
[析]在课桌旁坐着应用介词at,而atdesk则应译为"在学习",attable应译为"在吃饭"。?
die?
[误]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedfromcancer.?
[正]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedofcancer.?
[误]Theoldmandiedofoverwork.?
[正]Theoldmandiedfromoverwork.?
[析]死于疾病应用dieof,而死于某种外因事故则多用from.?
[误]Hismotherisdied.?
[正]Hismotherisdead.?
[误]Theoldwomanwasdeadattheageofseventy.?
[正]Theoldwomandiedattheageofseventy.?
[析]dead是形容词,而die是动词。形容词表示状态,动词则表示动作。?
[误]Hediedinatrafficaccident.?
[正]Hewaskilledinatrafficaccident.?
[析]由于事故而造成的死亡一般用tobekilled.?
[误]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanhadalreadydied.?
[正]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanwasalreadydead.?
[正]Theoldmandiedbeforethedoctorcame.?
different?
[误]Myroomisdifferentwithyours.?
[正]Myroomisdifferentfromyours.?
[误]Thevillageisverydifferentwithwhatitwas.?
[正]Thevillageisverydifferentfromwhatitwas.?
[析]differentfrom是"与……不同"之意。?
difficult?
[误]Englishisverydifficulttobelearned.?
[正]Englishisverydifficulttolearn.?
[误]Helearnedphysicsisdifficult.?
[正]Itisverydifficultforhimtolearnphysics.?
[析]要学习英语的表达法而不要生硬地按字去译中文。Itisdifficultforsomebodytodosomething.为"对于某人来说做某事很困难。"?
difficulty?
[误]Therewaslittledifficultytofindhim.?
[正]Therewaslittledifficultyinfindinghim.?
[析]这种用法还有trouble,即difficulty(trouble)indoingsomething.
dinner?
[误]Whendidyouhavethesupper??
[正]Whendidyouhavesupper??
[析]英语中一日三餐前无冠词,例如:?
[误]Ihadalunchat12oclock.?
[正]Ihadlunchat12oclock.?
[析]在某些特定场合,如指某次宴会,则要加冠词,如:Thedinnerwasgiveninhonouroftheguest.?
dress?
[误]Myfatherboughtanewdressforhimselfyesterday.?
[正]Myfatherboughtanewsuitforhimselfyesterday.?
[析]一般来讲男套装用suit,女服则用dress;作男服的服装店是tailorshop(tailors),而做女装的服装店是dressmakers.?
[误]Themotherdressedtheclothesonherchild.?
[正]Themotherdressedherchild.?
[析]dress作及物动词当"穿衣服"讲时,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:Theboyisstilltooyoungtodresshimself.但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时,则多用其过去分词作形容词,如:Heisnotdressedinhisnewsuit.或Sheisdressedinred.词组dressup是过节日时应服装整齐,如:Theydressedupfortheholiday.
dresshaveonputonwear?
要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是haveon和wear,如:Hehasonawhitecoat.Hewaswearingheavyshoes.而puton则表示穿衣的动作,如:Putonyourcoat,itiscoldoutside.而dress即可以作状态又可以作动作,作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如:Isawaladydressedinred.Isawagirldressingherself.?
drop?
[误]Thestudentsfelltheirvoice.?
[正]Thestudentsdroppedtheirvoice.?
[析]drop与fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有时可以互换,如:Thedictionaryfell(dropped)fromthetable.但drop还可以作及物动词,而fall一般只能作不及物动词。?
[误]Ishalldropinyou.?
[正]Ishalldropinonyou.?
[析]dropin是随便拜访某人,而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。?
during?
[误]DuringIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[正]WhileIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[析]during后不能接从句,而when和while后可接从句。?
[误]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishduringthreedays.?
[正]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthreedays.?
[析]during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间,而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时,不能用完成时。?

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