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Unit1Occupation-grammar学案

一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容,帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢?下面是小编精心收集整理,为您带来的《Unit1Occupation-grammar学案》,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

Unit1Occupation-grammar学案

TheRelativeClause(I)

I.课文中出现的定语从句。

üüTeachersareprofessionalswhoworkinschools,collegesanduniversities.

üüTheyareaspecialkindofdoctorswhooperateonsickpeopleandrepairtheorgansthatnolongerworkproperly.

üüTheymaywanttogetthesamekindofclothesthesefashionmodelswear.

II.由关系代词引导的定语从句

1.1.关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as

2.2.用法

1)1)who指人,是主格,在句中作主语或宾语

Themanwho/thattoldyouthenewsyesterdayisafriendofmine.

2)2)whom指人,是宾格,在居中作宾语,或跟在介词后面作介词宾语

Heistheyoungman(who/whom/that)sheloves.

HeisthemanfromwhomIlearnedthenews.(这里不能用who代替)

=Heistheman(who/whom)Ilearnedthenewsfrom.

3)3)that指物,有时也指人,在句中作主语或宾语

Doyouknowthemanthat/whotalkedwithyoujustnow?

Thepainting(that/which)theyaretalkingaboutwasdrawnbyanartist.

4)4)which指物,在句中作主语或宾语

Theriverwhich/thatrunsthroughthecityisquitewide.

Thisisthenewumbrella(which/that)Iboughtlastweek.

5)5)whose既可修饰人也可修饰物,是所有格,在从句中作定语

Ihaveagoodfriendwhosefatherisapoliceman.

=Ihaveagoodfriend,thefatherofwhomisapoliceman.

=Ihaveagoodfriend,ofwhomthefatherisapoliceman.

Iwantthedictionarywhosecoverhascomeoff.

=Iwantthedictionary,thecoverofwhichhascomeoff.

=Iwantthedictionary,ofwhichthecoverhascomeoff.

注:如果whom,which,that在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词可以省略

6)6)as指人也指物,在”thesame…as”,“such…as”,“as…as”的结构中使用,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.

Heisnotthesamepersonashewasthreeyearago.

Heusedsuchexpressionsaswerementionedinthedictionary.

TomisascleveraboyasMikeis.

as作关系代词还可以引导非限制性定语从句,可以放在主句前.

Asweallknow,heisafamousinventor.

Asisknowntoall,heisafamousinventor.

(as的现行词不是一个名词,而是heisafamousinventor整个句子)

III.关系代词that和which的区别

在下列情况下,通常用that指物,而不用which

1)1)先行词是something,anything,everything,nothing,little,all等不定代词时,只能用that

Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?

Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.

All(that)youhavetodoistopressthebutton.

2)2)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时

Thisisthetallestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.

3)3)当先行词被序数词修饰时

ThefirstEnglishnovel(that)IhavereadisTaleofTwoCities.

4)4)当先行词由only,no,very修饰时

Thisistheverydictionary(that)Iwanttobuy.

Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecan’tovercome.

5)5)当先行词指人又指物时

Theytalkedforabouthalfanhourofthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.

6)6)在特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词是which,为了避免重复,常用that作关系代词

Whichisthepicture(that)youlikebest?

IV.关系代词who与that的区别

在特殊疑问句里,如果疑问词是who,为了避免重复,常用that作关系代词

Whoofusthatknowssomethingaboutmusicdoesnotknowthis?

Whothathasseenitdoesnotadmireit?


扩展阅读

Unit1friendship-grammar学案


Unit1friendship-grammar学案Grammar:英语五大基本句型Learningaims:1.tomasterthebasicsentencestructurestentatively2.toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences3.tohavessmakesentencesskillfullyImportantpoints:tomasterthebasicsentencestructuresDifficulties:tomakesentencesusingthebasicsentencestructuresLearingmethods:self-studyingdiscussingandpresentingLearningprocedures:Step1:togivesstheformsofbasicsentencestructures.Step2:toletssanalysethepartsofthesentences.Step3:tomakesentences英语五种基本句型列式如下:(一)基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)

SV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Themanflies.rose.cooked.动脑思考:充当主语的是______词性,充当谓语的______词性。划分句子成分:Wealleat,anddrink.(E—C)Everybodylaughed.
1.正在下着雨。(C-E)___________________________________________________
2.我的哥哥很用功。
___________________________________________________
3.我每天早晨六点钟起床。_____________________________________________(二)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)SV(是系动词)P(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everythingissmells(闻)feelslooksanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.动脑思考:充当表语的是_______词性(划分句子成分)Heistallandstrong.(E-C)Theweatherbecamecool.Hisfaceturnedred.

1.下课了。_______________________________2..他成了一个著名的医生。

3.这个苹果吃起来真好吃。_____________________________________________(知识衔接)系动词分两类:be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand(三)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)SV(实义动词)O(宾语)1.She2.He3.Ilaughatunderstandswanther.English.tohaveacupoftea.动脑思考:充当宾语的是______词性划分句子成分:Hemadecakes.(E—C)Theyatesomeapples.Whoknowstheanswer?1.现在我们正在学习句型。(C-E)
___________________________________________________2.昨天我看到他了.
__________________________________________________3.我们的英语老师会说英语和日语。
___________________________________________________4.学生们都喜欢画画。______________________________________________(四)基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)SV(及物)o(多指人)O(多指物)1.She2.He3.Ipassedbroughtorderedhimyoumyselfanewdress.adictionary.anewcoat.Ishowedhimmypictures.(E--C)Hegavemeabook.Myparentsboughtmeabike.1.她的伯父昨天给了她一件很好的礼物。(C—E)_______________________________________________________2.她的父亲买了一只新的手表给他。
________________________________________________________3.我的朋友写了一封信给我。_________________________________________________________(五)基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.I3.He4.keepsawaskedLetthetablehimmeusclean.out.tocomebacksoon.goshopping.(划分句子成分)Keepthechildrenquiet,please..(E—C)Hepaintedthewallwhite.Wefoundhimanhonestperson.1.老师让我们努力学英语。_________________________________________________________________2.使我们的国家更美丽。_________________________________________________________________3.我听到她唱了一首歌。_____________________________________________自我评价:————————————————————————————————————当堂检测一.Analysethesentencestoseewhichsentencestructurebelongsto.

1.Birdssingbeautifully.

2.WelikeEnglish.

3.Imakeyouclear.

4.Hewentonholiday.

5.Iwanttohelphim.

6.WeareChinese.

7.Igiveyouhelp.

8.Westoppedtohavearest.

9.Illgoswimming.

10.Hesentabooktome.

11.Heboughtacoatforme.

12.WenamedourbabyTom.

二.Readingforfun.

LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.‘Icanthearaword!’Isaidangrily.‘Itsnoneofyourbusiness,’theyoungmansaidrudely.‘Thisisaprivateconversation!’Notesonthetext课文注释1gotothetheatre,去看戏。2gotangry,生气。3turnround,转身,也可用turnaround。4.payattention,注意。5Icouldnotbearit.我无法忍受。其中的it是指上文中的那对男女大声说话又不理会作者的愤怒目光。6noneofyourbusiness,不关你的事。自我评价:____________________________________________.

Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案


Unit1GreatScientists-Grammar学案

过去分词作定语和表语

--Lookattheexcitedboy!Why

ishesohappy?

--Hehasgotthefirstprizein

thecontest.

--Nowonderheisexcited!

一、过去分词作定语

1.前置定语

被动意义:

anrespectedguest一位受尊敬的客人

Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow?

=Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow?

到现在为止,你已经得到多少成品?

完成意义:

aretiredworker一位退休的工人

Thechildrenarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.

=Thechildrenarecleaningtheleavesthathavefallenintheyard.

孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

总结:________的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。

2.后置定语

Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard.

=Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard.

眼见最好。

Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.

=Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindthathaseverbeenwritten.

这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

总结:过去分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之______,作后置定语,作用相当于一个____________。

注意:

①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。

Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗?

Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。

②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?

Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。

③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。?

fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶

adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家 

theboiledwater(凉)开水?theboilingwater沸水?

二、过去分词作表语

Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.

Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.

Hishairisnearlyallgone.

过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。

注意:

①作表语的过去分词,________的意味很弱,主要表示动作的_______和某一_______,相当于一个形容词。

Theboatisbroken.

Thestreetiscrowded.

②表示______的过去分词:disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…

表示______的过去分词:lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…

Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.

Thehappytimeisgone.

③过去分词作表语:强调____________________

被动语态:强调____________________

Myglassesarebroken.(________)Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)

Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)

Practice:

1.这本书很有趣。

2.他对这本书很感兴趣。

3.这个窗户破了。

4.这个窗户是被那个顽皮的男孩儿打破的。

5.站在那儿的男孩儿是我弟弟。

6.他是位高级教师。

7.穿白色衣服的学生是我女儿。

答案

一、

1.总结:单个;前;被动;完成

2.总结:后;定语从句

二、

情绪;状态

①被动;完成;状态

②情绪;状态

③主语所处的状态

主语所承受的动作

Practice:

1.Thebookisveryinteresting.

2.Heisveryinterestedinthebook.

3.Thiswindowisbroken.

4.Thiswindowwasbrokenbuthenaughtyboy.

5.Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.

6.Heisanadvancedteacher.

7.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.

Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案


古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。怎么才能让高中教案写的更加全面呢?以下是小编收集整理的“Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案”,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

Unit5Lesson1Grammar导学案
Tips:Onehourtodayisworthtwotomorrow.争分夺秒效率高。
Learningcontent:Lesson1Grammar
Learningimportantpoints::Topractiseusingwillfordecisions
Learningdifficultpoints:Topracticeusingclauseswithassoonas,when,before…andclausesofconcession(让步)withalthough\though
Learningsteps:
Step1默写单词(A级)
1___________________2___________________
3___________________4___________________
5___________________6___________________
Step2Grammar(B级)
我们上单元学习了will的用法,现在我们来继续学习。
1.Will后接动词原形可以表示事先未考虑的意图或突然决定。这种用法通常出现在情形对话中。例如:
----Annisinhospital.
----Oh,really?Ididn’tknow,Iwillgoandvisither.
----Thelightisstillon.
---Iwillgoandturnitoff.
2.以上是我们学习will的第一个用法,下面我们学习第二个。
我们以前学习过一些状语从句,大家能想起来吗?由when等引导的是__________状语从句,because等引导的是__________状语从句,though引导的是__________状语从句,so…that引导的是____________状语从句,sothat引导____________状语从句,where引导____________状语从句,除此之外还有条件,方式状语从句。
今天我们着重讲解will在时间状语从句中的用法。
引导时间状语从句的连词和词组有:
(1)表示当…时:______________,_____________和as.
(2)表示“一…就…”:assoonas,themoment
(3)表示“直到…”:until,till(4)表示“自从…以来”since
(5)表示“在…之前”before(6)表示“在…之后”after
▲在时间状语从句中,若主句谓语动词时一般将来时,从句谓语要用______________时代替将来时,我们可以总结成“主将从现”。例如:
They’llgohomeaftertheyfinishtheirwork.
____________________________________________________
I’llletyouknowassoonashearrivesinBeijing.
____________________________________________________
when,while,as这三个词都可以引导时间状语从句,但他们的侧重点不同。When即可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间;while强调一段时间,所以从句的谓语是延续性的;as强调主语和从句的动作相并发生,常译作“一边…一边…”
学习完了will的用法,我们现在来学习另外一个状语从句:让步状语从句。
引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有_________,____________(虽然)evenif,______________(即使)whatevernomatterwhat(无论什么)whoevernomatterwho(无论谁)等。
though和although都做“虽然”讲,通常可以互换,切记不可与but连用。although比though语气重,多用于句首,;evenif相当于eventhough。例如;
Althoughitwassnowing,itwasnotverycold.
————————————————————————
IwaslatefortheearlybusalthoughthoughIhurried.
____________________________________________________
Evenifheispoor,sheloveshimverymuch.
_____________________________________________________
WhoeverNomatterwhoyouare,youmustworkhard.
_________________________________________________
Step3巩固练习(C级)
1.用括号里的动词的适当形式完成下列句子
(1)We(have)ourmealinthekitchenassoonasit(be)ready.
___________________________________________________
(2)I(buy)someflowersassoonasI(see)aflowerstand.
_______________________________________________________
(3)We(have)a“farewell”partyforyoubeforeyou(go)touniversity.
_______________________________________________________
(4)BeforeI(go)I(help)youwiththewashingup.
_______________________________________________________
2.单选
(1)MrHallunderstandsthat______mathshasalwaysbeeneasyforhim,it’snoteasyforthestudents.
A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when
(2)_________Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.
A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While
(3)_________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.
A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although
3.改错
(1)Theoldmanisusedtoliveasimplelife.
__________________________________________________-
(2)Heisunhappyalthoughheispoor.
_________________________________________________
小结与反思(今天所学的will的用法与让步状语从句你都学会了吗?)————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案


一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,教师要准备好教案,这是每个教师都不可缺少的。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“Unit1 Women of achievement-grammar学案”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

Unit1Womenofachievement-grammar学案一、主谓一致
主谓一致有许多原则,概括起来不外乎三种一致原则,即语法形式一致,概念一致(语言内容上一致),毗邻一致(谓语动词的单复数形式和紧位于其前的主语一致)。
1.语法形式一致:按主语的语法形式(单复数)确定谓语的形式(1)单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:
1)Theperformancewasveryfunny.
2)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.
3)Whetherwe’llgodependsontheweather.
4)Manynaturalmaterialsarebecomingscarce.
5)BothyouandIarestudents.
6)WhatIthinkandwhatIseekhavebeenfairlyreflectedinmypaper.
注1:在what引导的主语从句中,如果主语补语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
Whatwehavetolearnarethepiecesoflanguagethatproduceinversion.
注2:修饰语对主语的数不起影响。例如:
Theperformanceofthefirstthreeclownswasveryfunny.
(2)由aswellas,with,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,accompaniedby,plus,besides,inadditionto,nolessthan等引起的结构跟在主语后面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。例如:
1)Mymother,aswellasmyfather,hasakeytotheoffice.
2)ThemantogetherwithhiswifeandchildrensitstherewatchingTV.
3)Hissisternolessthanyouiswrong.
4)Thereadingcoursebook,plusitsreferencebooks,ishelpfultocollegestudents.
(3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中作主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either,neither,each,one,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,noone,nothing,nobody等。例如:
1)Neitherlikesthefriendsoftheother.(两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。)
2)Everythingaroundusismatter.(我们周围的所有东西都是物质。)
(4)在neitherof与eitherof的结构里,一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,一般用单数形式。例如:
1)Neitherofthemwasingoodhealth,butbothworkedveryhard.
2)Haseitherofthembeenseenrecently?
(5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:
1)Thebreadandbutterisservedforbreakfast.(早饭供应黄油面包。)
2)Thebreadandthebutterareonsale.(正在出售黄油和面包。)
(6)当oneof,aportionof,aseriesof,aspeciesof,achainof结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Oneofthosestudentshaspassedtheexamination.
2)Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.
(7)plentyof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,heapsof,loadsof,scadsof等+可数与不可数名词作主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:
1)Halfofthisbuildingistobecompletedbyspring.
2)Halfofthebuildingshavebeenpaintedcompletely.
3)Thereisplentyofwaterinthepail.
4)Thereareplentyofeggsinthebox.
5)Thereisloadsofmilkonthefarm.
6)Thereareloadsofbigredapplesontheground.
(8)由allof,mostof,alotof,someof,noneof,plentyof,therest,themajorityof等+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式应与名词的单复数一致。例如:
1)Noneofthebookssatisfythestudents.
2)Noneofthismeatisfittoeat.
3)Alloftheresearchworkwasdesignedbythechiefengineer.
4)Allofthestudentsareagainsttheplanforanoutingatthistimeoftheterm.
5)Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.
6)Themajorityofcriminalsarenon-violent.
(9)由morethanone(或morethanone+单数名词),manya+单数名词作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Morethanonestudenthaspassedtheexamination.
2)Manyaboylearnstoswimbeforehecanread.
注:如果morethan后面是复数名词,则谓语动词要用复数。
例如:Morethantwohundredstudentshaveattendedthelecture.
(10)quantityof+不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;quantitiesof+可数与不可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
1)Greatquantitiesofmilkareneededinthiscity.
2)Thereisalargequantityofmilk.
(11)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of+名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:
1)Overthree-quartersoftheswamplandhasbeenreclaimed.
2)Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.
(12)定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:
1)Heisoneofthemenwhowerechosentorepresentthegroup.
2)“Keepcool”isthefirstoftherulesthataretoberememberedinanaccident.
注:当one之前有theonly等限定词修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.2.概念一致(语言内容上一致)
(1)有些集合名词如crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦乐队),group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:
1)Hisfamilyisgoingtomove.
2)Hisfamilyareverywell.
3)Thepublicis/arerequestednottoleavelitterinthepark.
注:如这类词后跟有定语从句时,定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则,强调具体成员时,谓语动词用复数,关系代词用who;强调整体时,谓语动词用单数,关系代词用which。例如:
1)Thegovernmentwhowereresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.
2)Thegovernmentwhichwasresponsibleforthiseventattemptedtofindasolution.

(2)有些表示总称意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people,police,militia,cattle,poultry(家禽)等。例如:
1)Cattlewereallowedtograzeonthevillagecommon.
2)Thepolicearesearchingforatalldarkmanwithabeard.
(3)有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news,means,works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称,如economics,physics,mechanics,politics等,它们作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)Politicsisacomplicatedbusiness.
2)Hereisthenews.
(4)用and连接的单数主语,前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如:
1)Eachpenandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.
2)Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.
3)Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasseenit.
4)Theoldworkersandtheyoungeachhavetheirowntools.
(5)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:
1)Twentymilesisalongwaytowalk.
2)Threepintsisn’tenoughtogetmedrunk.
(6)国家、单位和书报的名称,作为一个单一的概念,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
1)WarandPeaceisthelongestbookI’veread.
2)GeneralMotorshasrecentlycloseddownaplant.(通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂。)3.毗邻一致(就近原则)
(1)由连词or,neither…or,either…or,notonly…also,nor等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则,与贴近它的主语一致。例如:
1)Heoryouhavetakenmypen.
2)Eitheryouorheisnotellingthetruth.
3)Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenchanged.
(2)在therebe的结构中,谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如:
1)Thereisadeskandfourbenchesintheoffice.
2)Therearetwochairsandadeskintheoffice.
二、代词指代一致
指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。
1.人称一致
(1)当代词指代名词或另一个代词时,须在人称上与所指代的词保持一致。例如:
1)Irecognizedoneofthegirls,butIdidn’tspeaktoher.
2)Thatwomansaidthatshewasoverfifty.
3)Theyaskedwhomtheyshouldapplyto.
(2)当代词指代集合名词时,用单数人称代词强调整体,用复数人称代词强调个人。例如:
1)Thecommitteehavediscussedtheirreportonthedisaster.
2)Theaudienceareraisingtheirhandstosignifytheirapproval.
(3)当everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody等作主语时,相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如:
1)Ifanyonecalls,tellhimI’llbebacklater.
2)Everyonethinksheisthecenterofuniverse.
注:在非正式文体中,特别是在会话体里,常用代词的复数形式是为了故意不具体说出所指的那个人的性别。例如:
1)Hasanybodybroughttheircamera?
2)Noonecouldblamedthemselves.
(4)由neither…nor,notonly…butalso,either…or,not…but,or等连结的并列主语,其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如:
1)NeitheryounorIamwrong,arewe?
2)BothTomandJackcame,didn’tthey?
2.性、数、格一致
(1)代词的性一般仅限于第三人称。例如:
1)Chinawillalwaysdowhatshehaspromisedtodo.
2)Theboystoodatthedoorwithhishatinhishand.
(2)当or或nor连接阳性名词或阴性名词时,代词一般和近者保持一致。例如:
1)NeitherJohnnorMaryhasgotwhatshewanted.
2)IfyoushouldseeMaryorThomas,tellhimthenews.
(3)单数名词由and连接时,相应的代词一般用复数形式。例如:
1)Foodandrentaremoreexpensivethantheyusedtobe.
2)JimandMaryspokeonthesubjectasiftheywereexperts.
3.应注意的问题
(1)当句子的主语是one,并要在句子中多次出现时,一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时,在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如:
1)Oneshouldneverblamehisfriendswhenhefriendswhenhefindshimselfintrouble.
2)Onecan’tbetoocareful,canyou(one)?

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