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情态动词

情态动词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一,2005年全国17套高考试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

一、情态动词表推测

1.肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may(might),could的语气最弱,译为“也许”、“可能”。

①Helen_______goonthetripwithusbutsheisn’tquitesureyet.(2005年安徽卷)

A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can

②—I’vetakensomeoneelse’sgreensweaterbymistake.

—It___Harry’s.Healwayswearsgreen.(2005年广东卷)

A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn’tbeD.couldbe

③Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I_______itsomewhere.(2005年北京春季卷)

A.mustdropB.musthavedropped

C.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeendropped

④IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(2005年湖北卷)

A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto

2.否定推测分为两种情况:

1)语气不很肯定时,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”、“也许不”。

Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers______notlikethedesignofthefurniture.(2004年上海春季卷)

A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need

2)否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。

①—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.

—Well.He______havegonefar——hiscoat’sstillhere.(2005年湖北卷)

A.shouldn’tB.mustn’tC.can’tD.wouldn’t

②—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?

—No,it_______behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.(2004年全国卷Ⅰ)

A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot

3.疑问句中的推测,往往用can或could。

Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How______itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?(2001年上海春季卷)

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must

4.对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must,may,might等+完成式”;否定推测常用“can,could,may,might等+完成式”。

①Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_______atleast150kilometersanhour.(2005年重庆卷)

A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoing

C.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone

②He_______havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside.(2005年北京卷)

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t

③—Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisbeabsenttoday?

—Something________tohim.(2005年江西卷)

A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappened

C.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened

④MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_____haveattendedyourlecture.(2000年上海卷)

A.couldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t

二、“情态动词+完成式”

1.“should(oughtto)+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。

①—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

—You________herlastweek.(2004年福建卷)

A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetold

C.musttellD.shouldhavetold

②Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I_____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.(2002年上海春季卷)

A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeaten

C.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat

2.“could+完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味。

Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.(2005年山东卷)

A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need

3.“needn’t+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如:

Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.你本不需要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了。

—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.

—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.(2005年福建卷)

A.needn’tdoB.needn’thavedoneC.mustn’tdoD.shouldn’thavedone

三、常见的情态动词

1.shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

①“Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.(2004年重庆卷)

A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall

②—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.

—You______havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.(2004年湖南卷)

A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t

③—Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?

—Ofcourse.(2003年北京春季卷)

A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do

2.must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”;mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。

①John,lookatthetime._______youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour?(2005年全国卷Ⅲ)

A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need

②Tom,youleaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!(2005年全国Ⅰ)

A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot

3.needn’t表示“没有必要”。

—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.

—She______.I’vealreadyborrowedone.(2005年湖南卷)

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t

4.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

Whenhewasthere,he___gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.(1996年上海卷)

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

5.表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could。

Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.(1997年全国卷)

A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could

6.考查情态动词用作答语的情况

①—Writetomewhenyougethome.

—_______.(2001年北京春季卷)

A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican

②—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?

—Yes,you______.(1998年上海卷)

A.willB.couldC.mayD.might

巩固练习:

1.Michael______beapoliceman,forheismuchtooshort.

A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may

2.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI____forher.

A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout

3.Jack_____yet,otherwisehewouldhavetelephonedme.

A.mustn’thavearrivedB.shouldn’thavearrived

C.can’thavearrivedD.needn’thavearrived

4.Sir,you______besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.

A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.needn’t

5.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.

A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will

6.—IsJohncomingbytrain?

—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

7.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates_______remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.

A.canB.willC.mayD.shall

8.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman______besorudetoalady.

A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would

9.—Don’tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.—_______.

A.Idon’tB.Iwon’tC.Ican’tD.Ihaven’t

10.Ididn’tseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.She____atthemeeting.

A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespoken

C.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken

例题答案

Key:CDBBKey:CKey:CAKey:AKey:BBDAKey:DC

Key:AKey:BKey:DABKey:ABKey:CKey:A

Key:CKey:CC

练习答案与解析

1.B从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度,needn’t意思是“没有必要”,与语境不符。

2.C根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿,但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知,说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味,应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式,“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测,“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。

3.C根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”,“can’t+完成式”意思是“根本不可能”。

4.A从第二分句可知,这是妇女和儿童专用候车室,因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustn’t表示“禁止,不准”。

5.Bcan在此表示许可。

6.D从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。mustnot不表示推测,cannot的语气太绝对,意思是“根本不可能”。

7.Dshall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。

8.Cshould在此表示惊讶的感情色彩,意思是“竟然”。

9.B对祈使句的肯定回答用Iwill;否定回答用Iwon’t。

10.D根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”,所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不可能”用can’t/couldn’thavedone形式。

情态动词专项练习1

1)You____allthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing

A)neednthavewashedB)shouldnthavewashed 

 C)mustnothavewashed D)cannothavewashed

2)Johnsscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.

A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudied 

C)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy

3)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.(CET-4,1996,6)

A)canthavebeenB)shouldnthavebeen 

C)mustnthavebeenD)wouldnthavebeen

4)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.

A)musthavesailed B)cansail 

C)mighthavesailedD)shouldhavesailed

5)Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.

A)shouldhavebeenB)musthavebeenC)mustbeD)shouldbe

6)Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidnt.He____hismind.

A)canthavechangedB)wouldnthavechanged

C)musthavechangedD)shouldnthavechanged

7)You____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.

A)needntgoB)hadbetternotgo 

C)shouldnotgoD)neednthavegone

8)We____theletteryesterday,butitdidntarrive.

A)mustreceiveB)oughttoreceive

C)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

9)Withalltheworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.

A)mustntgoB)shouldnthavegone 

C)couldnotgoD)couldnthavegone

10)Evewaslateforclassagain.She____earlier.

A)shouldgetupB)mustgetup

C)needtogetupD)shouldhavegotup

11)Iamfeelingsick.I____somuchchocolate.

A)neednthaveeatenB)couldnthaveeaten

C)mustnthaveeatenD)shouldnthaveeaten

12)Ididntsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI____.

A)hadB)woulddoC)shouldhaveD)mighthaveto

13)Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage,Johnwasscared.Hethoughthe____Tomtogowithhim.

A)mighthaveaskedB)shouldasked

C)musthaveaskedD)shouldhaveasked

14)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted;I____thereearlier.

A)oughttogetB)oughttohavegotC)musthavegotD)mustget

15)Theroadwasmuddy.It____rainedlastnight.

A)must B)musthaveC)mustbe D)couldhave

16)ShecanspeakquitefluentEnglish.She____.

A)mustbeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

B)musthavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

C)shouldhavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

D)MaybeintheU.S.A.forsometime

17)Youshouldbearinmindthatheisnotsostrongashe____.

A)wasusedtobeB)usedtobeC)wasusedtoD)useto

18)“Wedidntseehimattheexhibitionyesterday.”“He___it.”

A)mustntvisitB)canthavevisited

C)shouldhavegonetoseeD)maysee

19)Mary____myletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

A)shouldhavereceivedB)hasreceived

C)CouldnthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

20)I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoney.

A)wouldhavelikedtogiveB)likedtogive 

 C)havelikedtogiveD)wouldliketogive

21)“Where____myumbrella?”“Somebody____itawaybymistake.”

A)is,musthavetakenB)is,musttake

C)havebeen,musttakeD)is,takes

22)What____wouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

A)willyousupposeB)yousuppose C)doyousuppose D)youwouldsuppose

23)Twoeyes____seemorethanone.

A)can B)mayC)willD)should

24)____youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.

A)WouldB)WillC)MayD)Should

25)Weoughttohelpeachotherinourwork,____?

A)oughtntweB)shouldweC)shouldntweD)oughttowe

26)Tom____betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

A)shallknowB)shouldntknowC)hasknownD)shouldhaveknown

27)You____yourtoothpulledoutbeforeitrotcompletely.

A)hadbettergotB)hadtogetbetter

C)hadbettertogetD)hadbetterget

28)Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhasntstartedyet,sowe____.

A)neednthurryB)didntneedhurry

C)neednttohurry D)neednthavehurried

29)Itwasreallyverydangerous;you____himseriously.

A)mighthaveinjuredB)couldinjure

C)shouldhaveinjuredD)mustinjure

30)Ashehadheartattack,hewastoldthathe____continuethework.

A)needntB)maynotC)mustntD)cant

31)AnEnglishmanwho____notspeakItalianwasoncetravelinginItaly.

A)mustB)couldC)may D)might

32)I____liketomakeasuggestion.

A)couldB)wouldC)mustD)might

33)Iknowthingsarehardwithyou,butyou____trytogetoverthedifficulties.

A)can B)mayC)mustD)ought

34Icantfindtherecorderintheroom.It____bysomebody.

A)mayhavebeentakenawayB)mayleave

C)maytakeawayD)musthavetakenaway

35)He____the9:20trainbecausehedidntleavehometill9:25.

A)canreachB)couldcatchC)maynotcatchD)couldnthavecaught

36)You____allthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing

A)neednthavewashedB)shouldnthavewashed 

 C)mustnothavewashed D)cannothavewashed

37)Johnsscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.

A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudied

C)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy

38)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____havebeencleaned.(CET-4,1996,6)

A)cant B)shouldntC)mustntD)wouldnt

39)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.

A)musthavesailed B)cansail 

C)mighthavesailedD)shouldhavesailed

40)Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.

A)shouldhavebeenB)musthavebeenC)mustbeD)shouldbe

41)Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidnt.He____havechangedhismind.

A)cant B)wouldntC)mustD)shouldnt

42)You____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.

A)needntgoB)hadbetternotgo C)shouldnotgo D)neednthavegone

43)We____theletteryesterday,butitdidntarrive.

A)mustreceiveB)oughttoreceive

C)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

44)Withalltheworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.

A)mustntgoB)shouldnthavegone 

C)couldnotgoD)couldnthavegone

45)Evewaslateforclassagain.She____earlier.

A)shouldgetup B)mustgetup C)needtogetup D)shouldhavegotup

46)Iamfeelingsick.I____haveeatensomuchchocolate.

A)neednt B)couldntC)mustntD)shouldnt

47)Ididntsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI____.

A)hadB)woulddoC)shouldhaveD)mighthaveto

48)Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage,Johnwasscared.Hethoughthe____Tomtogowithhim.

A)mighthaveasked B)shouldasked C)musthaveaskedD)shouldhaveasked

49)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted;I____thereearlier.

A)oughttogetB)oughttohavegotC)musthavegotD)mustget

50)Theroadwasmuddy.It____rainedlastnight.

A)mustB)musthaveC)mustbeD)couldhave

A)mustbeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

B)musthavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

C)shouldhavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

D)MaybeintheU.S.A.forsometime

52)Youshouldbearinmindthatheisnotsostrongashe____.

A)wasusedtobeB)usedtobeC)wasusedtoD)useto

53)“Wedidntseehimattheexhibitionyesterday.”“He___it.”

A)mustntvisitB)canthavevisited

C)shouldhavegonetoseeD)maysee

54)Mary____myletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

A)shouldhavereceivedB)hasreceived

C)CouldnthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

55)I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoney.

A)wouldhavelikedtogiveB)likedtogive 

 C)havelikedtogiveD)wouldliketogive

56)“Where____myumbrella?”“Somebody____itawaybymistake.”

A)is,musthavetakenB)is,musttake

C)havebeen,musttakeD)is,takes

57)What____wouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

A)willyousupposeB)yousuppose C)doyousuppose D)youwouldsuppose

58)Twoeyes____seemorethanone.

A)can B)mayC)willD)should

59)____youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.

A)WouldB)WillC)MayD)Should

60)Weoughttohelpeachotherinourwork,____?

A)oughtntweB)shouldweC)shouldntweD)oughttowe

61)Tom____betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

A)shallknowB)shouldntknowC)hasknownD)shouldhaveknown

62)You____yourtoothpulledoutbeforeitrotcompletely.

A)hadbettergotB)hadtogetbetter

C)hadbettertogetD)hadbetterget

63)Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhasntstartedyet,sowe____.

A)neednthurryB)didntneedhurry

C)neednttohurry D)neednthavehurried

64)Itwasreallyverydangerous;you____himseriously.

A)mighthaveinjuredB)couldinjure

C)shouldhaveinjuredD)mustinjure

65)Ashehadheartattack,hewastoldthathe____continuethework.

A)needntB)maynotC)mustntD)cant

66)AnEnglishmanwho____notspeakItalianwasoncetravelinginItaly.

A)mustB)couldC)may D)might

67)I____liketomakeasuggestion.

A)couldB)wouldC)mustD)might

68)Iknowthingsarehardwithyou,butyou____trytogetoverthedifficulties.

A)canB)mayC)mustD)ought

69)Icantfindtherecorderintheroom.It____bysomebody.

A)mayhavebeentakenawayB)mayleave

C)maytakeaway D)musthavetakenaway

70)He____the9:20trainbecausehedidntleavehometill9:25.

A)canreach B)couldcatch C)maynotcatch D)couldnthavecaught

情态动词专项练习2

1.Ithoughtyou___likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.

A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must

2.You tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.

 A.neednttocome B.dontneedcome C.dontneedcoming D.needntcome

3.He_ youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

 A.mighthavegiven B.mightgive C.mayhavegiven D.maygive

4.─Ihelpyouwithsomeshoes,madam?

 ─Yes,Iwouldliketotryonthosebrownones.

 A.WillB.ShouldC.MayD.Must

5.Thereasonwhythey leavewasntexplainedtous.

 A.hadB.hadto C.mustD.might

6.Isearchedformywalletanditwasntthere.IthoughtI itathome.

 A.leftB.haveleft C.mighthaveleftD.couldhaveleft

7.I asleepbecauseittookmealongtimetorealizethatthetelephonewasringing. 

 A.couldhavefallen B.shouldhavefallen

 C.musthavefallen D.mustnthavefallen

8.Theonlythingthatreallymatterstothechildrenishowsoontheyreturntotheirschool.

 A.canB.must C.havetoD.oughtto

9.Iwanttogotothechemists,butyougowithme. 

 A.neednotB.mustnotC.needD.must

10.Ithoughtitover,but cometonoconclusion.

 A.canB.couldC.shouldD.would

11.Whatwe getseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

 A.canB.couldC.cantD.Couldn’t

12.─Mygoodness!Ivejustmissedthetrain.

─Thatstoobad.Iamsureyou it,ifyouhadhurried.

 A.couldhavecaught B.hadcaught C.wouldcatch D.couldcatch

13.Look!Whatyouvedone!You morecareful.

 A.maybe B.hadto C.shouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

14. Irepeatthequestion?

 A.ShallB.Will C.DoyouwantthatD.Do

15.ProfessorLi,manystudentswanttoseeyou.theywaithereoroutside!

 A.DoB.WillC.ShallD.Are

16.You readthatbookifyoudontwantto.

 A.haventB.cantC.mustnt D.neednt

17.Johnny,you playwiththeknife;you hurtyourself.

 A.wont;cantB.cant;shouldntC.shouldnt;mustD.mustnt;may

18.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack behereatanymoment.

 A.mustB.needC.can D.should

19.─Therewerealready5peopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.─It acomfortablejourney.

 A.cantbe B.shouldntbe C.couldnthavebeen D.mustnthavebeen

20.Tomoughtnottomeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.

 A.havetoldB.tell C.betelling D.havingtold

21.Everyoneishere.westartthemeeting?

 A.Can B.MustC.ShouldD.Shall

22.Iparkedmycarrightherebutnowitsgone.It.

 A.mustbestolenB.maybestolen

 C.musthavestolen D.musthavebeenstolen

23.Hetheworkyesterday,buthedidnt.

 A.musthavefinished B.needhavefinished

 C.finishedD.shouldhavefinished

24.Hedidnotpasstheexamination.Asagoodstudent,he .

 A.mustnthavefailed B.maynothavefailed

 C.neednthavefailed D.shouldnthavefailed

25.itbetruethatAlbertpassedthetestingeography?

 A.MayB.shouldC.CouldD.would

26.Youleadahorsetothewaterbutyounotmakeitdrink.

 A.will;can B.may;can C.may;dareD.dare;can

27.─Mustwefinishthecompositioninclass?

─No,you .

 A.neednt B.mustnt C.wontD.shouldnt

28.Hereyeswerered.She.

 A.mustcry B.mustbecried C.musthavebeencrying D.maycry

29.Maryhisletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

 A.hasreceived B.mustreceive

 C.couldnthavereceived D.shouldnthavereceived

30.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI forher.

 A.hadtowriteitout B.musthavewrittenitout

 C.shouldhavewrittenitout D.oughttowriteitout 

情态动词练习题答案

1)A2)C3)A4)C5)B6)C7)D8)D9)D10)D11)D12)C13)D14)B15)B16)B17)B18)C19)C20)A21)A22)C23)A24)C25)A26)D27)D28)D29)A30)C31)B32)B33)C34)A35)D1)A2)C3)A4)C5)B6)C7)D8)D9)D10)D11)D12)C13)D14)B15)B16)B17)B18)C19)C20)A21)A22)C23)A24)C25)A26)D27)D28)D29)A30)C

31)B32)B33)C34)A35)D

情态动词专项练习2

1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.C7.C8.A9.A10.B

11.C12.A13.C14.A15.C16.D17.D18.D19.C20.A

21.D22.D23.D24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.C30.C

延伸阅读

情态动词第四章情态动词(一)


古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“情态动词第四章情态动词(一)”,大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢!

情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义,但不完全,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、情态动词的特征和形式
A.情态动词的各种形式见下表:
情态动词
may
might
can
could
must
haveto
oughtto
will
would
shall
should
need
dare
usedto
否定式
maynot
mightnot
cannotcannot
couldnot
mustnot
donothaveto
oughtnotto
willnot
wouldnot
shallnot
shouldnot
neednot
darenot
usednotto
didnotuseto
简略否定式
maynt(老式英语,现在不常见)
mightnt
cant
couldnt
mustnt
donthaveto
oughtntto(否定句中to可省略)
wont
wouldnt
shant(只用于英国英语)
shouldnt
neednt
darent
usedntto
didntuseto
B.情态动词除oughtto,usedto等外,后面只接不带to的不定式。
1.情态动词+do
Youshouldntbesocareless.你不该这样粗心大意。
Jessicatoldhimyesterdayshemightnotgoonthetrip.
杰西卡昨天告诉他,她可能不去旅行了。
Difficultiescanandmustbeovercome.
困难能够而且必须克服。
2.情态动词+bedoing
Shemustbelisteningtopopmusic.
她肯定在听流行音乐。
Youshouldbereviewingyourlessons.
你应该在复习功课。
Mymothermaymightbecookingnow.
我妈妈可能正在做饭。
3.情态动词+havedone
TheymighthavevisitedtheGreatWall.
他们可能参观过长城了。
Hemusthavegotupveryearlytocatchthetrain.
他一定起得很早去赶火车了。
Yououghttohavecomeearlier.
你本该早一点儿来。
4.情态动词+bedone
Thiswordcanalsobeusedasaverb.
这个词也可以用作动词。
Somethingmustbedonetostoppollution.
必须采取措施来制止污染。
Theworkoughttohavebeenfinishedlongago.
这工作早就该完成了。
C.情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。
Yououghttoweararaincoat.
你应该穿件雨衣。
Sheoughttoweararaincoat.
她应该穿件雨衣。
Plantsmusthaveoxygeninordertolive.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
Aplantmusthaveoxygeninordertolive.
为了存活植物必须有氧气。
D.情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中,情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。
Imafraiditmightraintonight.
我看今晚可能要下雨。
CouldIborrowyourthermos
我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗?
Itsanicedaytoday.Wecouldgoforawalk.
今天天气不错,我们可以出去散散步。
E.情态动词是互相排斥的,一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。
Soldiersmusthavetoobeyorders.
Soldiershavetoobeyorders.
军人必须服从命令。
Soldiersmustobeyorders.
军人必须服从命令。
CanIbeabletoborrowtwobooksatatime
CanIborrowtwobooksatatime
我能一次借两本书吗?
WillIbeabletoborrowtwobooksatatime
我能一次借两本书吗?

第四章情态动词(二)一、情态动词+动词完成式


俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。高中教师要准备好教案,这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容,帮助高中教师营造一个良好的教学氛围。写好一份优质的高中教案要怎么做呢?下面是小编为大家整理的“第四章情态动词(二)一、情态动词+动词完成式”,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

“情态动词+havedone”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构,这种结构有两个主要的用法。
表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计
maymighthavedone
表示“大概已经”
通常用于肯定句和否定句。
might有时可用于疑问句。
cancouldhavedone
表示“可能已经”
通常用于疑问句和否定句。
could有时可用于肯定句。
musthavedone
表示“一定已经”
只用于肯定句,具有较大的可能性
shouldhavedone表示“该”,可能性较小
表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备
mighthavedone
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句
couldhavedone
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句。
shouldhavedone
表示“应该
可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
oughttohavedone
表示“应该”
同shouldhavedone。
neednthavedone
表示“本没有必要”
只用于否定句。
A.may/might/havedone
1.表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,常译为“可能已经”。
Theymighthavetakenalatertrain.也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。
Heseemstoknowthecityquitewell.Hemayhavebeentherebefore.他似乎对那个城市很熟悉,他以前可能去过那儿。
2.表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”,含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。
Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp,thoughyouwerebusy.你本来应该给他更多的帮助,虽然你很忙。
Theproposalmighthavebeenrefused.这个建议本该拒绝的。
B.cancouldhavedone
1.表示对过去事实的推测,常用于否定句和疑问句。
HecantcouldnthavewatchedTVyesterdayforheknewtheywouldhaveanexam.昨天他不可能看电视,因为他知道快要考试了。
Idontknowwhyshedidntcallmeyesterday.Can(Could)shehaveforgottenmytelephonenumber我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打电话,难道她会把我的电话号码忘了吗?
Hedidntcometoschoolyesterday.Canhehavebeenill他昨天没来学校,难道他生病了?
2.could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾,可译成“本来是可以……的”。
WhydidntSophieapplyforthejobShecouldhavegotit.为什么索菲不申请这项工作?她本来是能得到的。
WhydidyoustayatahotelwhenyouwenttoNewYorkYoucouldhavestayedwithBarbara.你到纽约时为什么住宾馆?你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。
Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.如果给我们更多的时间,我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。
C.musthavedone
1.表示对过去事实有把握的推测,具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中,否定句和疑问句用cancouldhavedone。
Hiswatchmusthavestopped.他的表肯定停了。
---Irangyourflatyesterday.AmanansweredbutIdidntrecognizethevoice.昨天我给你家打电话,一位男士接了电话,但我没听出来是谁的声音。
---Oh,itmusthavebeenmybrotherPeter.哦,那一定是我哥哥彼得。
2.用于虚拟语气中时,表示与过去事实相反。
Youmusthavecaughtthebusifyouhadgotupearlier.如果你早一点儿起床的话,你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。(事实上没有赶上公共汽车)
Hemusthavewonthegameifhehadbeencarefulenough.如果他足够细心的话,他准能赢得比赛。.
D.neednthavedone
用于对过去的责备,表示“没有必要做某事,可是做了”。
Theairportisclosetous.Youneednthavehurriedthereearly.机场离这儿很近,你没必要早早地赶到那里。(可是你早早地到那儿了)
Heisstillyoung.Youneednthavesenthimsuchanexpensivepresent.他还小,你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。
注意:
如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意,需用didntneedtodo。
Itisnotcoldtoday.Ididntneedtotakethethicksweatersout.今天天气不冷,我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。(实际上也没拿)
E.shouldoughttohavedone
1.表示对过去动作的责备或批评。
Youshouldhavegoneoveryourlessons.(Infactyoudidntgooveryourlessons.)你们应把功课复习好的。(可事实上你们没有。)
YoushouldnthavewatchedTVlastnight.(InfactyouwatchedTVlastnight.)你们昨天晚上本不该看电视。(可你们看了。)
Yououghtnttohaveenteredtheteachersofficewithoutpermission.没有经过允许,你们本不该进老师的办公室。
Yououghtnttohavegonetothedesertedplacealone.你不该独自去那荒凉之地。
2.表示期待或推测。
Iftheflightwasontime,youshouldoughttohavearrivedinShanghaiearlythismorning.如果航班准点的话,你今早就能到上海了。
Thebuildingshouldoughttohavebeencompletedbytheendoftheweek.这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工。
F.wouldhavedone
表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。
Iwouldhavebeenhappytoseehim,butIdidnthavetime.我会很高兴和他见面的,但我没时间见他。
Ifyourfatherhadstillbeenalive,hewouldhavefeltveryproudofyou.你父亲如果还健在的话,他会为你骄傲的。

情态动词高考题汇编


1.SorryI’mlate.I____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

2.----Writetomewhenyougethome.

----________.

A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican

3.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You______homewithoutaword.

A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft

C.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave

4.--------Ihearyou’vegotasetofvaluablecoins.______Ihavealook?

--------Yes,certainly.

A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should

5.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I_____somuchfriedchickenjustnow.

A.shouldn’teatB.mustn’thaveeaten

C.shouldn’thaveeatenD.mustn’teat

6.-------Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.

-----It_______truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.

A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe

7.-------Theroomissodirty._____wecleanit?

-------Ofcourse.

A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do

8.Mydictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_____havetakenit?

A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would

9.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI____reportittothepolice?

A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can

10.Mr.White______at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

11.----Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?

-----No,it_____behim.I’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.

A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot

12.------Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.

-----oh,he_____havebeenaverysmartboythen.

A.couldB.shouldC.mightD.must

13.-------Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.

--------You_____.I’mnotaskingyouforit.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t

14.-----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?

-------Well,ifyou_____know,hernameisMabel.

A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall

15.----I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

-----You_____herlastweek.

A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetold

C.musttellD.shouldhavetold

16.(2008福建卷)ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butit_____berathercoldsometime。

 A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would

17.(2008湖南卷)Youdonthavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.You_____findthebookbythetitle。

 A.mustB.needC.canD.would

18.(2008江苏卷)

—Imsorry.I______atyoutheotherday。

 —Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself。

A.shouldntshoutB.shouldnthaveshouted

C.mustntshoutC.mustnthaveshouted

19(2008山东卷)Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idontthinkwe______itwithoutyou。

A.canmanageB.couldhavemanaged

C.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged

20(2008江西卷)Whatapity.Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he____better。

A.needhavedoneB.musthavedone

C.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone

21(2008辽宁卷)Peter______bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhesanicepersoningeneral。

A.shallB.should C.canD.must

22(2008全国II)Liza___wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestraveling。

A.willB.canC.mustD.may

23(2008陕西卷)

—Whatsortofhousedoyouwanttohave?Somethingbig?

—Well,it_________bebig--thatsnotimportant。

A.mustntB.needntC.cantD.wont

24(2008四川卷)Althoughthis____soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded。

A.mustB.mayC.shallD.should

25(2008浙江卷)You______behungryalready—youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!

 A.wouldntB.cantC.mustntD.neednt

26(09安徽)Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theyjustbequietpeople.

A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would

27(09北京)Oneofthefewthingsyou____sayaboutEnglishpeoplewithcertaintyisthattheytalkalotabouttheweather.

A.needB.mustC.shouldD.can

28(09福建).ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.

A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewon

C.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon

29(09湖南)

—It’stheoffice!Soyouknoweatingisnotallowedhere.

—Oh,sorry.

A.mustB.willC.mayD.need

30(09海南)Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?Therebetwelve

A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shall

31(09上海)It_____havebeenTomthatparkedthecarhere,asheistheonlyonewithacar.

A.mayB.canC.mustD.should

32(09四川)—Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.

—Well,you_______

A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might

33(09天津)Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might

34(09重庆)—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?

—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.

A.shallbeB.shouldhavebeen

C.mustbeD.mighthavebeen

35(09全国2)10.Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatIstayhereuntilshecomesback.

A.canB.mustC.willD.may

keys:1-5:ACBBC6-10:CBCAA11-15:ADDCD

16-20BCBBD21-25CDCBB31-35CCCBCB

高考英语备考情态动词


2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)情态动词一、考点聚焦1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can、beableto和could①can和beableto都表示能力,意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时,而beableto则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。这时was/wereableto相当于managedto,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:Canyouusechopsticks?Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.②can和couldcan和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?CanIhelpyou?(2)may/might①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Whyisn’theinclass?

Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)

Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“允许”,may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:

Hesayswemayleave.Hesaidwemightleave.③may/might表示建议或请求,但might比may更客气,意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。Yes,youcan/may.—May/MightIuseyourbike?—No,youmustn’t(3)must①must表示必须,应该,没有时态变化。如:

YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.

②must表示肯定的推测。如:

Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.

③mustn’t表示禁止做某事。如:

Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.

(4)haveto

haveto表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多种时态中。如:

Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.

Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.

(5)should/oughtto

①should和oughtto表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:

Youshould/oughttoworkhard.

②should/oughttoworkhard.

Sincesheisnothere,wheshould/oughttobeintheclassroom.

③should/oughtto的否定形式表示禁止之意。如:

Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.

④should可表示陈述意见,推出建议或请求;而oughtto可以表示劝告之意。如:

Yououghttorespectyourparents.

Hesuggestedthattheyshouldleaveatonce.

(6)will/would

①will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等,否定式won’t+动词。如:

Iwilltellyouallaboutit.

Tomwon’tdosuchathing.

②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:

Willyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?

③will表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如:

Fishwilldieoutofwater.

④would表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如:

Wouldyoupleasebequiet?

Wouldyoulikecoffee?

⑤would表示过去反复发生的动作。如:

WhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldseemyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.

(7)need

need作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:

Ineedtothinkitover.

—Needyougonow?—Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn’t

(8)dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带to的不定式,此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如:

Howdareyousaythat?

Shedoesn’tdate(to)askherfather.

(9)usedto

usedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯,但现在已不复存在了。如:

Heusedtosmoke.

(10)shall

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如:

Weshalldoasourteachersays.

YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.

②在疑问句中,shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、第三人称。如:

Whereshallhewaitforus?

Shallwegooutforawalk?

2、情态动词表示推测或判断的用法

下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合:

情态动词

对现在和未来的推测

对过去的推测

使用场合

must

must+动词原形

musthavedone

肯定句

may/might

may/might+动词原形

May/mighthavedone

肯定句、否定句

can/could

can/coulddo

Can/couldhavedone

否定句、疑问名(could可用于肯定句)

should

用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”shoulddo/be

shouldhavedone

肯定句、否定句、疑问句

例如:

Itmusthaverainedlastnight.

Shemaynotbeathome.=Itispossiblethatsheisnotathome.

Shecan’tbeathome.=Itisimpossiblethatsheisathome.

Theyshouldbethererightnow.

3、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法

情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩,用法如下:

(1)shouldhavedone表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”,而shouldn’thavedone则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如:Youshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Youshouldn’thavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(2)oughttohavedone也表示“本应该……”而oughtnottohavedone则意为“本不应该……”。如:Yououghttohavetoldmeaboutitearlier.Yououghtnottohavesaidsuchwordstoyourparents.(3)needn’thavedone表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如:Youneedn’thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.(4)couldhavedone表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如:Icouldhavecomeontime,butmycarbrokeontheway.ù二、精典名题导解选择填空1.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________homewithoutaword.A.mustn’thaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’thave解析:答案为B。本题考查的是情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。题目给出的条件是“我确实非常担心你”,因此后面可知应是责备you不应该没说一句话就离开了。2.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I__________gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might解析:答案为D。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。由题目中“I’mnotsure”,表明我可能去Jeff’sparty,也可能去音乐会,故用might。3.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,____________.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t解析:答案为B。本题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表示一种请求和意愿,是用疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗”,对于这种问句的肯定回答是:Suree!Gertainly!Yes,ofcourse.I’dbegladto等;否定回答通常是:I’msorry,Ican’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’msorry,but…I’dliketo,but…等。注意情态动词表客气的用法及其在一般疑问句中的问与答。4.—Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?—No,itbehimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustnotC.won’tD.maynot解析:答案为A。本题考查情态动词表推测。问:那边的难道不是Ann的丈夫吗?答:不是。不可能是他,我确信他不戴眼镜。5.Youbetired-you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won’tC.can’tD.maynot解析:答案为C。本题考查情态动词。句中破折号后的内容对前一句进行解释说明:你只工作了一个小时,所以你不可能累的。表否定推测时用can’t。A项表禁止(不许),B项表未来,D项表不允许。均不可用,故选C。6.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkIreportittothepolice?A.shouldB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever解析:答案为A。本题考情态动词。在空房子里看到灯光,是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事,故问:你是否认为我应当把这事儿报告给警察?应用A。

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