E
?
each?
[误]Everyofthemhashishabit.?
[正]Eachofthemhashishabit.?
[析]each可以作形容词,但也可作代词,而every只能作形容词。?
[误]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteachmonth.?
[正]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteverymonth.?
[析]each与every都作形容词讲时,都有"每个"之意,但有不同。each多指个体,而every则多指整体。如:Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.each不同来表达总体概念,所以不能与almost,nearly,likely等词连用。?
[误]Weeachhasabook.?
[正]Weeachhaveabook.?
[析]each作同位语时,其数应与其同位的名词相同,而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。?
eachotheroneanother?
eachother与oneanother这两个词组的区别在很多语法书中强调eachother是两者之间,而oneanother是多者之间,其实不然,如:Allstudentsmustcareforeachother,mustloveandhelpeachother.事实上这两个词组是同义的,如果要讲有什么区别的话,当我们非常笼统地谈,而不特指什么人时,多用oneanother.?
early?
[误]Couldyoucomeheremoreearly??
[正]Couldyoucomehereearlier??
[析]单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用?er和?est来作其结尾,如fast,soon,early,hard,long,near等。?
earth?
[误]Whatontheearthdoyoumean??
[正]Whatonearthdoyoumean??
[析]onearth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气,其意为"究竟"、"到底"。而作为"地球"讲时则要加定冠词,如:Howfaristheearthfromthemoon.而作为"泥土"讲时则为不可数名词,如:Hefilledthepotwithearthandwantedtoplantsomeflowers.?
easy?
[误]Youcaneasyimaginemysurprise.?
[正]Youcaneasilyimaginemysurprise.?
[析]easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词,如takeiteasy(不要紧张),goeasy,standeasy等。例如:Easycome,easygo.(钱来的容易花的也快.)Easiersaidthandone.(说的容易做着难。)?
east?
[误]JapanisontheeastofChina.?
[正]JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[析]在讲述地理位置时,有3个介词常用,它们是in,on和to,其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内,如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.on则表示双方接壤,如:NorthKoreaisonthenortheastofChina.而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to,如:TaiwanistotheeastofFujian.?
either?
[误]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontliketoo.?
[正]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontlikeeither.?
[析]在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。?
[误]EitheryouorIareright.?
[正]EitheryouorIamright.?
[析]这在语法书中被称作就近原则,即哪个主语离谓语动词近,则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词,相同用法的还有neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,以及or在连接两个主语时。如:Youorheistogohome.Theotherswillhavetostayintheclassroom.?
elder?
[误]MyolderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[正]MyelderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[析]在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:myeldersister姐姐,但表示岁数时则多用older,如:SheistwoyearsolderthanI.?
empty?
[误]Aretheseseatsempty??
[正]Aretheseseatstaken??
[析]empty是指空洞的没有任何物体,如:Thehousewasempty,其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用take.?
English?
[误]MysisterstudiedEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedtheEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedEnglishverywell.?
[析]在泛指某一种学科时,不应加冠词,如:Ilikehistory.但如特指某一门学科时则应加冠词,如:HelikesthehistoryofAmerica.?
enjoy?
[误]Ienjoytoplayfootball.?
[正]Ienjoyplayingfootball.?
[析]enjoy后要接动名词,而不接不定式。?
[误]DidyouenjoyattheEnglishevening??
[正]DidyouenjoyyourselfattheEnglishevening??
enough?
[误]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingenoughcarefully.?
[正]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingcarefullyenough.?
[析]enough要用在形容词或副词之后。?
[误]Doyouhaveenoughofmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughofthemoney??
[误]Thecoffeeisntenough.?
[正]Thereisntenoughcoffee.?
[析]enough可以作be动词的表语,但其主语应是代词,如:Thatsenough.Itwas?enough.?如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。?
entrance?
[误]Theentranceofthecinemaisonyourright.?
[正]Theentrancetothecinemaisonyourright.?
[析]在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有keytothedoor,answertothequestion等。?
evening?
[误]Iwalkedhomeinacoldevening.?
[正]Iwalkedhomeonacoldevening.?
[析]intheevening这一词组如加上另外的修饰词则其介词应换为on.?
everyone?
[误]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[正]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[析]everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲"每一个人都没有注意到它",就译作:Nobodynoticedit.要注意Everyoneofusisnotright.应译为"我们不都对。"而Noneofusareright.才应译为"我们全错了。"?
exam?
[误]Wetakepartinanexam.?
[正]Wetakeanexam.?
[析]takepartin为"参加"某种活动,运动,而在学科中选择某一学科学习并进行考试应用take.?
except?
[误]Theroomiscleanexcepttwodesks.?
[正]Theroomiscleanexceptfortwodesks.?
[误]IcomehereeverydayexceptforSunday.?
[正]IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.?
[析]在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except,在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用exceptfor。而exceptthat其后接从句,如:Sheisagoodgirlexceptthatsheiscarelesssometimes.?而besides则是"包括在内",如"我学习英语同时还学法语。"应译为:IstudyEnglishbesidesFrench.?
exercise?
[误]ThestudentsexercisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[正]ThestudentspractisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[析]exercise多指运动、训练,而practise则多指把理论付诸于实践的练习。?
[误]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseseveryday.?
[正]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseeveryday.?
[析]作为运动讲exercise是不可数名词,而当"练习"、"体操"、"早操"则是可数名词,例如:IdoalotexercisesintheP.E.class.?
F?
fail?
[误]Tomfailedhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedinhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedtopasstheexam.?
[析]fail为不及物动词,其后可用in加名词,或直接接不定式。?
family?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.?
[误]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyiswaitingforme.?
[正]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.?
[析]family是集合名词,把它当作整体看它是单数,如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如:Yourfamilyareverykindtome.Myfamilyisverylarge.?
far?
[误]Myschoolistenmilesfarfromhere.?
[正]Myschoolistenmilesawayfromhere.?
[析]far一般不与实际距离连用。?
[误]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedfar."?
[正]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedalongway."?
[析]一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语,而用alongway.far组成的常用词组有:asfaras.①远至,一直到。如:Hewalkedasfarasthestation.②就……而言。如:Asfarashewasconcernedthesebookswereverygood.③只要。如:IcanhelpyouasfarasIcan.?sofor到目前为止。例:Heisverywellsofar.?
fartherfurther?
far有两个比较级,即farther和further,其意思略有不同:farther主要用于表示距离的远近,如:MilanisfartherawaythanRome.而further则是指"进一步的",如:Willweneedanyfurtherdiscussiononthismatter.?
fast?
[误]Afasttrainrunsfastly.?
[正]Afasttrainrunsfast.?
[析]fast其形容词与副词形式相同。?
fastsoon?
fast指行动本身的速度快,如:Theforeignerspeakstoofast.而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短,时间到来的迅速,如:Shewillcomesoon.?
feel?
[误]Ifeelbadlyaboutmymistakes.?
[正]Ifeelbadaboutmymistakes.?
[析]感观动词如feel,smell等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feelgood是指某人精神好,而feelwell是指人身体状况良好。?
[误]Itrynottohurtherfeeling.?
[正]Itrynottohurtherfeelings.?
[析]feeling在作"感情"讲时要用复数,而作"感觉"讲则要用单数。如:Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwinthegame.?
few?
[误]Fewofthemisverygood.?
[正]Fewofthemareverygood.?
[析]few意为"几乎没有",但要用复数谓语动词。如果讲有一些人应用afew,如:Therewereonlyafewpeopleinthestreet.?
[误]Therearelessfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[正]Therearefewerfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[析]few的比较级为fewer,其后接可数名词;而little的比较级为less,其后接不可数名词。?
field?
[误]Heisafamousscientistonthefieldofphysics.?
[正]Heisafamousscientistinthefieldofphysics.?
[析]inthefield是"在田野上"或是"在某一学科领域内",而onthefield则多指"在战场上"。如:Helosthislifeonthebattlefield.?
fill?
[误]Shefilledorangeintomyglass.?
[正]Shefilledmyglasswithorange.?
[析]表示要用某种物品装满某容器时要用fillwith词组,如:Theboyranbackhomefilledwithjoy.?
fillfull?
fill是动词,但有及物与不及物两种用法,当表示"充满"之意时是不及物动词,应用fillwith,如:Thelittlegirlseyesfilledwithtears.而当表示"使……装满某物"时,是及物动词,如:Hefilledhispocketwithbooks.而befilledwith应看作系表结构,如:Theboysmotherwasfilledwithanger.full是形容词,要用befullof这一词组,如:Theboywasfullofjoy.?
find?
[误]Hehasfindedhislostbike.?
[正]Hehasfoundhislostbike.?
[析]find是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词均是found。但found一词又意为"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为founded.?
[误]Itisverydifficulttolookforasuitablejob.?
[正]Itisverydifficulttofindasuitablejob.?
[析]lookfor为"寻找",而find是找到。寻找工作并不难,难的应是找到合适的工作。?
findfindout?
findout意为"找出、算出、发现",如:Ihavefoundouthowtodoit.而find的主要侧重点在找到某物,如:Ifindmybookunderthedesk.?
finish?
[误]Ifinishedtoreadthatbooklastnight.?
[正]Ifinishedreadingthatbooklastnight.?
[析]英文中有些动词其后只能用动名词作宾语而不能用不定式作宾语,这样的动词在中考范围内有两个,即finish和enjoy。?
fire?
[误]Theresnosmokewithoutafire.?
[正]Theresnosmokewithoutfire.?
[析]此句应译为中文"无风不起浪"。fire作为物质名词"火"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"炉火"、"火灾"讲则是可数名词,如:Therewasafireinthenextstreetlastmonth.如要讲"着火了"要用beonfire,如:Thefactorywas
onfire.?
[误]Themanfiredtous.?
[正]Themanfiredatus.?
[析]fire(on)at均指"向某目标开火",at用于较小目标,而on用于较大目标。?
first?
[误]IsthisyourfirstlyvisittoBeijing??
[正]IsthisyourfirstvisittoBeijing??
[析]除了在强调第一、第二、第三等场合中有时还可见firstly一词外,这个词已不多见,而均被first取代。first还有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。
?
follow?
[误]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollow.?
[正]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollows.?
[析]asfollows是惯用法,其意为"如下",不论在任何场合均要用follows.?
[误]Asfollowsarehisarguments.?
[正]Thefollowingarehisarguments.?
[析]asfollows主要用于句尾,而thefollowing则用于句首。?
food?
[误]Toomuchsweetfood,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.?
[正]Toomanyfoods,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.
[析]food泛指食物时为不可数名词,如:Thereisnofoodforsupper.而指一种种食物时则用作可数名词。?
foot?
[误]Thereisafive?feet?widebridge.?
[正]Thereisafive?foot?widebridge.?
[析]用连字符组成的形容词中所有名词均要用单数形式。?
[误]Wewenttocollegeonfeet.?
[正]Wewenttocollegeonfoot.?
[析]by后面加接交通工具时,不应加任何冠词,不要用名词的复数形式。如加了某些修饰词后,其前面的介词要作适当的改变,如:Icametoschoolinhiscaryesterday.Igotoshoolonatrain.?
for?
[误]Iwantedtogotothepubforhavingadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubforadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubtohaveadrink.?
[析]用for表示目的时,其后面只能接名词,而不要接动名词。?
[误]Iwenttotheofficeforseeingtheheadmaster.?
[正]Iwenttotheofficetoseetheheadmaster.?
[析]用不定式来表示动作的目的。?
[误]IwillleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor为一固定搭配,不要改动。?
[误]Iboughtabooktoyou.?
[正]Iboughtabookforyou.?
[误]Heisafriendforus.?
[正]Heisafriendtous.?
[析]在英文中"为"一词在泛指时用to,在特指时要用for.?
[误]Thisfoodisgoodtous.?
[正]Thisfoodisgoodforus.?
[析]词组begood(bad)for表示"对……有好(坏)处"。?
[误]ForIwasfeelingquitehungry,Iwantedtohavelunch.?
[正]Iwantedtohavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.?
[析]for作为"因为"讲时一般不要置于句首,而且口气也比because弱的多。?
forget?
[误]Ileftmykey.?
[正]Ileftmykeyathome.?
[正]Iforgotmykey.?
[析]leave是"丢下"之意,所以一定要接地点状语,而forget是"忘记",所以不用接地点状语。?
[误]Iwillnotforgettherules.?
[正]Iwillneverforgettherules.?
[误]Pleasedontforgetpostingmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[正]Pleasedontforgettopostmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[析]要注意forgettodosomething为"忘了去作某事",而forgetdoingsomething则应译为"对已经作过的事记不起来了"。如:Heforgetreturningthebooktothelibrary.应译为"他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。"同样用法的词还有remember和regret.?
free?
[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofmyparents.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofmyparents.?
[析]free作为副词时意为"免费"、"不必付款",如:Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.而freely则意为"自由地"、"无限制地"。?
French?
[误]ShecomesfromFrench.?
[正]ShecomesfromFrance.?
[析]French是"法语"、"法国的",而France才是"法国"。
?
friend?
[误]Henoddedtomefriendly.?
[正]Henoddedtomeinafriendlyfashion.?
[析]friendly是形容词,不是副词。在英语中应避免讲Heisafriendofmymother.又比如:Igotoschoolwithmyfriend.从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲Heisafriendofmymothers.Igotoschoolwithafriend.befriendswith则是"交朋友"之意,例如:Ihopeyouwillbefriendswithme.而不应讲Ihopeyouwillbemyfriend.交朋友还有一惯用法是makefriends.?
from?
[误]Wheredoyoucomefrom??Icomefromthelibrary.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??IcomefromEngland.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??Icamefromthelibrary.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?应意为"你是从什么国家(地方)来的?"(即意为"你是哪的人?")而Wheredidyoucomefrom?才是"你刚刚从哪来?"?
front?
[误]Therearethreetalltreesinthefrontofmyhouse.?
[正]Therearethreetalltreesinfrontofmyhouse.?
[析]infrontof是某物体外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在某物体内部的前面。如:Thebusdriverisseatedinthefrontofthebus.?
G?
game?
[误]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.?
[正]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.?
[析]game作为"运动会"讲时应用其复数形式,而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如:Ourschoolteamwonthegame.?
German?
[误]TheyareGermen.?
[正]TheyareGermans.?
[误]ShecomesfromGerman.?
[正]ShecomesfromGermany.?
[析]German是"德国人"、"德国的"、"德语",其复数形式是Germans;而Germany才是德国。?
gather?
[误]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.?
[正]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.?
[析]用了动词gather就不要再用together了。这句话还可以这样讲:Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.?
give?
[误]Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.?
[正]Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.?
[析]giveup意为"放弃",其后只接动名词作介词宾语,而不应接不定式。
?
glad?
[误]Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.?
[析]"为……感到高兴"应是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.?
glass?
[误]Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.?
[正]Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.?
[析]glass作为"眼镜"讲,应用复数形式,在英语中手套gloves裤子pants,剪刀scissors均用复数形式。glass作"玻璃杯"讲时则可用单数形式或复数形式,如:Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作为物质名词"玻璃"讲则要用作不可数名词,如:Theboybroketwopanesofglass.?
go?
[误]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??-Yes,Imgoing.?
[正]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??
-Yes,Imcoming.?
[析]go是指离开说话人所在地,而come指的是朝向说话人的方向:如:Comehere!CanIcomeandhelpyou?但在口语中也有一些例外,如表示要参加到某人或者某件活动时常用come,如:Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus??
gonebeen?
HehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。?
HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去过上海现已回来了。?
gold?
[误]Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.?
[正]Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.?
[析]gold作形容词指"金质的",如:agoldring,agoldcoin,而golden是"金色的",如:goldenage(金色的时代),但"金鱼"例外,为goldfish。
?
good?
[误]Ivebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.?
[正]Ivebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.?
[析]agood之意为"足足"、"整整"之意。?
goodwell?
Heisgood.应译为"他是个好人。"而Heiswell.应译为"他身体不错。"Ifeelgood.即精神状态良好,而Ifeelwell.即身体状况不错。?
[误]Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.?
[正]Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.?
[析]begoodfor是"对……有利、有好处",而begoodto是指"对待某人不错",如:Yourfriendisverygoodtome.?
grade?
[误]-Whatgradeareyouin??-Imingrade1.?
[正]-Whatgradeareyouin??-IminGread1.?
[析]当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写,当有具体数字时则要大写。?
H?
hadbetter?
[误]Youhavebetterhurry.?
[正]Youhadbetterhurry.?
[析]hadbetter只用过去时had,不要误用成现在时have。?
[误]Youhadntbetterworry.?
[正]Youhadbetternotworry.?
[析]hadbetter后面加不带to的不定式,其否定式是"hadbetternot+动词原形"。?
half?
[误]Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.?
[正]Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.?
[析]"半小时"有两种讲法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一个半小时"应讲anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"应讲halfaday,"半镑"应讲halfapound.但要尽量避免使用halfayear,而应用sixmonths;不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.?
[误]Halfuscouldgotothepark.?
[正]Halfofuscouldgotothepark.?
[析]half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构,但用于代词前则必须加of。如:Morethanhalf(of)myclassmatesareboys.?
[误]Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.?
[正]Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.?
[析]一个半oneandhalf后面的名词要用复数,而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone.?
[误]Halfofthesixapplesisred.?
[正]Halfofthesixapplesarered.?
[析]"halfof+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致,如为不可数名词或可数名词单数,要用单数谓语动词;而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?
hand?
[误]Heshookhandwithhisteacher.?
[正]Heshookhandswithhisteacher.?
[析]与某人握手要用shakehands.与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式,如:changehands(转手、易手),inthehandsof(由……控制),joinhands(与人合作)。?
happen?
[误]Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[正]Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[误]Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[正]Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[析]在英语中不及物动词没有被动态,作为"发生"讲的happen,takeplace和breakout都不具有被动态。happento常用来表达一件偶然发生的事,如:Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.?
hard?
[误]Ihavetostudyhardly.?
[正]Ihavetostudyhard.?
[析]hard是形容词,如:ahardwork,但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式,但词意截然不同,意为"几乎不"。?
[误]Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm,soIcouldnthardlystudyatall.?
[正]IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.?
[析]hardly意为"否定",所以不要再加否定词语了,如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序,如:Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.?
have?
[误]Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[正]Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[析]用havesomebodydosomething还是doingsomething要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?
[误]Ihavemybiketorepair.?
[正]Ihavemybikerepaired.?
[析]havesomethingdone这一句型是让某事被别人去作,请看下面两句意义的不同:Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行车。)而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?
[误]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.?
[正]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.?
[析]"如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词,如:Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.?
headache?
[误]Ivegotheadache.?
[正]Ivegotaheadache.?
[析]Headache是一个规则的可数名词,所以可以讲:Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词,如:Ivegottoothache.但也可用作可数名词。?
hear?
[误]Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.?
[正]Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.?
[析]hearsomebodydosomething这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.变为被动态时为:Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.这种用法还适用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。?
hearlistento?
hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listento则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.?
但词组hearabout(of)则为"听说过"之意,如:Iheardaboutthis.(我听说过此事。)而hearfrom则为"收到某人信件"之意:Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.?
help?
[误]Pleasehelpmyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.?
[析]help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todo)something.意为"帮某人作某事",但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。?
[误]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelptothinkofmychildhood.?
[正]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelpthinkingofmychildhood.?
[析]canthelpdoingsomething是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。?
[误]Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.?
[正]Helpyourselftosomecakes.?
[析]中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.?
here?
[误]Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Herecomesthebus!?
[析]副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语如是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Hereweare!?
high?
[误]Heisveryhigh.?
[正]Heisverytall.?
[析]英语中的两个"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?
hit?
[误]Themothergotangryandhittheboy.?
[正]Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.?
[析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?
home?
[误]Imtired.ItstimeIwenttohome.?
[正]Imtired.ItstimeIwenthome.?
[析]home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外,还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?
homehousefamily?
home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲aletterfromhome,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Herfamilyisahappyone.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.?
homgwork?
[误]Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.?
[正]Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.?
[析]homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词),fun,healthinformation等。?
hope?
[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:Ihopetobeascientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.
[误]Idonthopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.?
[正]Ihopeyouwontgototheparktomorrow.?
[析]hope和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我认为你错了"。应译为:Idontthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为Idontthinkso.或Ihopenot.?
[误]Ihopeyourhelp.?
[正]Ihopeforyourhelp.?
[析]hopefor为"期望某事发生",虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用"hopefor+名词"这一结构。?
[误]Iwashopefultopasstheexam.?
[正]Iwashopefulofpassingtheexam.?
[析]对某事存有希望应用"hopefulof(about)+介词宾语"这一结构。?
hospital?
[误]Mymotherwasinthehospitalfortwoweeks.?
[正]Mymotherwasinhospitalfortwoweeks.?
[析]inhospital为"住院就医"。而in(at)thehospital为"在医院(工作)"。如:Heisadoctorin(at)thehospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:"上学"为gotoschool,atschool为"在校就读",gotobed为"上床睡觉"。?
how?
[误]Iwanttoknowhowtodo.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.?
[析]how是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.
[误]Howdoyouthinkaboutit??
[正]Whatdoyouthinkaboutit??
[析]英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用Whatdoyouthinkabout…这一句式。?
hurry?
[误]Letshurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[正]Letshurry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[误]Dontworry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[正]Dontworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[析]请注意英语中的惯用法:"快点吧,没时间了",或"别着急还有一点时间。"?
[误]Thecarishurryingthroughthestreet.?
[正]Thecarisrushingthroughtthestreet.?
[析]hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?
hundred?
[误]Therearetwohundredspeoplehere.?
[正]Therearetwohundredpeoplehere.?
[误]Therearehundredofpeoplehere.?
[正]Therearehundredsofpeoplehere.?
[析]hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundredsof是数百的,这一词组一定要加?s.?
hurt?
[误]Idontwanttowoundherfeelings.?
[正]Idontwanttohurtherfeelings.?
[析]wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。
I
if?
[误]IfitwillrainIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[正]IfitrainsIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.?
[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。?
[误]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语,所以,还应用一般时表示将来。?
ill?
[误]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.?
[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.?
[析]ill和sick都可以作表语,如:Imill(sick).美国英语中常用sick,而英国英语中两者都可用,但ill一般不作定语。?
in?
[误]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon词组中,不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词,其介词in都要变为on.?
[误]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.?
[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays.?
[析]中文中几天以后可以完成,或几天后来取,在译为英文时都不要用after,而要用in.如:Hewillbebackinafewdays.?
ininto?
作为副词应用in,而不能用into,如:Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置,只是表达空间的位置时用in,如:Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等词后则要用into.如:Shedivesintotheriver.?
instead?
[误]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.?
[正]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.?
[析]insteadof其后要接动名词、名词或代词,而不能用不定式,如:Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.?
[误]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.?
[正]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.?
[析]instead是副词,而insteadof是介词短语。如:Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.?
interest?
[误]Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.?
[正]Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.?
[误]Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.?
[正]Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.?
[析]interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词,但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。?
[误]Thisisaninterestedbook.?
[正]Thisisaninterestingbook.?
[析]修饰物时应用interesting,如,aninterestingfilm,而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested,如:Iminterestedinthisplay.但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意,而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣,多用"beinterestedinsomething"这一句型。?
invent?
[误]AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[正]AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[析]invent意为"发明"即从无到有,如:CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover则意为"发现"。?
it?
[误]Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[正]Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[析]it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
J?
spring?
[误]IllvisitAmericainthisspring.?
[正]IllvisitAmericainspring.?
[正]IllvisitAmericathisspring.?
[析]英语一年四季前如果有that,this,last,next等词,则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同:Hetoldmethatshediditonthenextday.这时是指过去某一天的第二天,所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为Illdoitnextday.?
start?
[误]WhattimewillyoustarttoSanFrancisco??
[正]WhattimewillyoustartforSanFrancisco??
[析]start与leave一样,其后接"for+目的地"。?
beginstart?
begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思,如:Westarted/begantostudyEnglishtwoyearsago.但在如下场合则不能用begin:①作为"启程"讲,如:Ithinkweoughttostartatsix.②表示"开始工作",如:Thecarwontstart.(车子发动不起来。)③作为"开动"、"启动"讲,如:Doyouknowhowtostartthismachine.?
still?
[误]Oh,itisstillrainingnow.?
[正]Oh,itisstillraining.?
[析]因still即包含有现在仍然如何,所以now是多余词。?
stillyetalready?
still一般与动词连用,可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续,特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如:Ivebeenthinkingforhours,butIstillcantdecide.yet一般放于句末,用在疑问句与否定句中。如:Hasthepostmancomeyet?already则与动词连用,可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早,如:Ivealreadyfinishedmyhomework.?
stop?
[误]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtotalk.?
[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
[析]stoptodosomething是"停下来去做某事",而stopdoingsomething是"停止做某事"。?
street?
[误]Thereisanarrowwindingstreetfromourvillagetothenextone.?
[正]Thereisanarrowwindingroadfromourvillagetothenextone.?
[析]street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指乡间的"路"。?
strict?
[误]Yououghttobestricttohim.?
[正]Yououghttobestrictwithhim.?
[析]bestrictwith是"对……严格的"。?
such?
[误]Doyouwanttohavesuchadictionary??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesuchagooddictionary??
[正]Doyouwanttohaveadictionarylikethat??
[析]such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词",如:Itssuchagoodbook.但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意",如:Ivegotsuchaheadache.Youaresuchfools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。?
sure?
[误]Iamquitesureforthatanswer.?
[正]Iamquitesureofthatanswer.?
[析]sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about,而不跟for,如:Imsureabout(of)hisabilitytocontrolthismachine.?
sweet?
[误]Honeytastessweetly.?
[正]Honeytastessweet.?
[析]sweet可以作为名词,意为"糖果",是可数名词,如:MayIhaveasweet?作形容词,如:Thechildlookedverysweet.而sweetly为副词,意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词,其后面要接形容词而不是副词。?
T?
take?
[误]ThisyearIwanttotakethedriverslicense.?
[正]ThisyearIwanttogetthedriverslicense.?
[析]take可以作为动词,意为"拿"、"取",如:Iwanttotakemymail.而要获得某种证书、证明,要用get而不用take,take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程,如:ThistermIwanttotakebothFrenchandSpanish.?
[误]Theaccidentwastakenplaceatthestreetcorner.?
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceatthestreetcorner.?
[析]takeplace与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。?
[误]Doyoutakemeasafool??
[正]Doyoutakemeforafool??
[析]take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为",而这一意思还可以用于Itookyoutobethebestfriend.(我把你认作是最好的朋友。)?
[误]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltakeplaceher??
[正]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltaketheplaceofher??
[析]taketheplaceof…意为"取代"。?
talk?
[误]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetalkedmanythings.?
[正]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetakedaboutmanythings.?
[析]talk是不及物动词。?
team?[误]Ourteamlikesseeingfilm.?
[正]Ourteamlikeseeingfilm.?
[析]team与family,class等词一样,指整体时为单数名词。如:Ourteamisexcellent,而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。?
than?
[误]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheymadelastlerm.?
[正]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheydidlastlerm.?
[析]当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时,第二次要用do来代替,以避免重复。?
[误]YoumakemedomorethenanybodyIknow.?
[正]YoumakemedomorethananybodyIknow.?
[误]Igotintotherestroomthansomeoneknockedatthedoor.?
[正]Igotintotherestroomthensomeoneknockedatthedoor.?
[析]than与then不要误用。?
then?
[误]Wewenttothecinema,thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[正]Wewenttothecinema,andthenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[正]Wewenttothecinema;thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[析]then作"然后"讲时,在then前应加分号而不用逗号,或加逗号用andthen,但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号,如:FirstcomeTom,thenMary.?
think?
[误]Ithinkyouarenotright.?
[正]Idontthinkyouareright.?
[析]think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的,如:Ithinkyouareright.但在宾语从句是否定意思时,要否定think,如:Idontthinkyouareright.?
[误]Ithinkhewillcomehere,doI??
[正]Ithinkhewillcomehere,wonthe??
[析]think加宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语,助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定:如主句用肯定句,则反意疑问句用否定句,反之亦然。?
[误]Peoplethinkveryhighofhiswork.?
[正]Peoplethinkveryhighlyofhiswork.?
[析]thinkhighlyof为"对某人某事评价很高"。?
[误]WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinktheYellowRiver.?
[正]WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinkabouttheYellowRiver.?
[析]thinkabout意为"想起"、"想到"。?
thousand?
[误]Hegotthousandofbooksfromasecond?hand?bookshop.?
[正]Hegotthousandsofbooksfromasecond?hand?bookshop.?
[析]虽然twothousand,threethousand在thousand后都不加?s,但thousandsof则为"数千",该结构中一定要加?s。?
through?
[误]IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnthroughtthetelephone.?
[正]IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnonthetelephone.?
[误]Ittookustwohourstowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookustwohourstowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across是表示在一平面上进行的动作,而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如:Theriverwasfrozen,sowecouldwalkacrossit.Ipushedthroughthecrowdstotheentrance.?
throw?
[误]Hethrewastonetome.?
[正]Hethrewastoneatme.?
[析]"扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是atme,我向他扔石头则为tohim,但throwat还有寻衅之意,如:Stopthrowingstonesatthecars.这时不要误用to.?
time?
[误]Thedoctorcameontimesoshewassaved.?
[正]Thedoctorcameintimesoshewassaved.?
[析]intime为"及时赶到",如:Doyouthinkwecangetthereintimeforthefirstact.而ontime意为"准时",如:Thetrainarrivedontime.?
[误]Itistimewegohome.?
[正]Itistimeweshouldgohome.?
[正]Itistimewewenthome.?
[析]"是该作某事的时候了",其句形为:①Itistimeforsomebodytodosomething.②"Itistime+从句",从句中用"should+动词原形",或直接用动词的过去式。?
[误]Letshurry.Wehaventmanytimes.?
[正]Letshurry.Wehaventmuchtime.?
[误]IhavebeentoAmericatwotimes.?
[正]IhavebeentoAmericatwice.?
[析]time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词,而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是onetime,而是once;"二次"不是twotimes,而是twice;"三次"则是threetimes.?
too?
[误]Thisboxistooheavytoliftit.?
[正]Thisboxistooheavytolift.?
[析]在too…to这一结构中,如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的,则不要重复。?
[误]Thechildistooyoungnottogotoschool.?
[正]Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.?
[析]too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……",但下面的句子则不能照此翻译:Imtoogladtomeetyou.应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。?
[误]Thereismuchtoonoise.?
[正]Thereistoomuchnoise.?
[析]"muchtoo+形容词",而"toomuch+不可数名词"。?
[误]Youhaveboughttoomuchtomatoes.?
[正]Youhaveboughttoomanytomatoes.?
[析]toomany后才加可数名词。?
alsoaswelltoo?
这三个词是近义词,但其用法各有不同。其一,too和aswell通常用于句末,如:Shewenttothecinemaandherbrotherwenttoo.而also则不用于句末,如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.其二,这三个词都不用于否定句中,否定句中用not…either,或neither/nor…,如:He?isnt?hereeither.?
trousers?
[误]Mytrouserisgettingsmallerandsmaller.?
[正]Mytrousersaregettingsmallerandsmaller.?
[析]英语中trousers,pants,shorts(短裤),glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。?
[误]Thispairofglassesareverygood.?
[正]Thispairofglassesisverygood.?
[析]有了量词apairof,其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如:twopairsof…的谓语动词就要用复数。?
try?
[误]Itriedtosendherflowersbutitdidnthaveanyeffect.?
[正]Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidnthaveanyeffect.(我试着给她送花,但没有什么结果。)?
[误]Pleasetryunderstandingit.?
[正]Pleasetrytounderstandit.?
[析]"try+动名词"的意思是"试一试",或"做某事看看会发生什么情况",而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。?
U
?
under?
[误]Thelakeistwometersundersealevel.?
[正]Thelakeistwometersbelowsealevel.?
[析]under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lowerthan,即"低于"。?
[误]Underthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.?
[正]Withthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.?
understand?
[误]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselftounderstand.?
[正]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselfunderstood.?
[析]这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。?
[误]Iamunderstandingthelessonnow.?
[正]Iunderstandthelessonnow.?
[析]understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong,find,hear,love,like等。?
until?
[误]Wewalkeduntiltheedgeoftheforest.?
[正]Wewalkedasfarastheedgeoftheforest.?
[误]Ourschoolbuscanholduntiltwentychildren.?
[正]Ourschoolbuscanholduptotwentychildren.?
[析]until与till两词的意思一样,但两个词都只能用于时间,如:IllwaituntilIhearfromyou.?
[误]Iwaitedformymothertosevenoclock,butshedidntcome.?
[正]Iwaitedformymotheruntilsevenoclock,butshedidntcome.
[误]CanyoureturnthisbookuntilMonday??
[正]CanyoureturnthisbookbyMonday??
[析]当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until,而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。?
[误]Wearrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.?
[正]Wedidntarrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.?
[析]until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止",如:Theyworkeduntil5∶00P.M.用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词,但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。?
upstairs?
[误]Hewenttoupstairs.?
[正]Hewentupstairs.?
[析]upstairs一词可用作副词,如:Weallhurriedupstairstoseewhathappened.也可用作名词,如;Theupstairsofthehouseneedspainting.同时也可以用作形容词,如:Ahousewiththreeupstairsroomsisquitegood.?
use?
[误]Itisnousetoaskher.?
[正]Itisnouseaskingher.?
[析]Itisnouse…与Thereisnouse…后通常用动名词,而不用不定式。?
[误]Illgetusedtotreatthestudentsthisway.?
[正]Illgetusedtotreatingthestudentsthisway.?
[析]beusedto与getusedto后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。?
[误]Iusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.?
[正]Iusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.?
[析]usedto表示过去习惯的动作,其后要加动词原形。?
[误]Oilwasusedtocooking.?
[正]Oilwasusedtocook.?
[析]这里的句型虽然也是beusedto但这里不是主动态,而是被动态,所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。?
[误]WeusedtogototheGreatWallthreetimes.?
[正]WewenttotheGreatWallthreetimes.?
[析]usedto只能用来表示一种习惯,而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。?
V
?
very?
[误]Thankyouindeed.?
[正]Thankyouverymuchindeed.?
[析]indeed用来修饰verymuch,但要放其后面,而且也不要单独使用。?
[误]Thebabywasveryasleep.?
[正]Thebabywasfastasleep.?
[析]不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰,如:Imwideawake.(我全醒了。)再如:allalone(十分孤独),muchafraid等。?
[误]Thethingseemstobeveryimproved.?
[正]Thethingseemstobemuchimproved.?
[析]有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词,而much修饰过去分词,这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作,而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much,而某些形容词化的过去分词,还是要用very来修饰的,如:Iamverytired.?
[误]Thereisverylesswaterintheriverthanusual.?
[正]Thereismuch/farlesswaterintheriverthanusual.?
[析]very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级,而要用far,much等来修饰。?
W?
wait?
[误]TomorrowIwillwaityouatthebusstop.?
[正]TomorrowIwillwaitforyouatthebusstop.?
[析]wait是不及物动词,"等人"要用waitforsomebody;而waitup为"不睡觉等候某事",如:Illwaituptonight.?
walk?
[误]Ithinkshewentawalkyesterday.?
[正]Ithinkshewentoutforawalkyesterday.?
[析]散步在英文中要讲haveawalk,takeawalk.如果用go要用goforawalk.?
want?
[误]Theflowerswanttowater.?
[正]Theflowerswantwatering.?
[析]want在这里作为"需要"讲,其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"?
[误]Doyouwantsomeonegoalongwithyou??
[正]Doyouwantsomeonetogoalongwithyou??
[析]wantsomebodytodosomething为一固定用法。?
wash?
[误]Areyougoingtomakwashingthisweekend??
[正]Areyougoingtodowashingthisweekend??
[析]dowashing为"洗衣服",是固定搭配。?
watch?
[误]Yourwatchiswhattime??
[正]Whattimeisitbyyourwatch??
[析]一定要记住英文的习惯用法。?
[误]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrentoplayonthegrass.?
[正]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrenplay(playing)onthegrass.?
[析]watch的用法同see,hear等词。?
way?
[误]Pleasemovethechair,itisontheway.?
[正]Pleasemovethechair,itisintheway.?
[析]intheway为"挡道",而ontheway为"在路上",如:onmywayhome(在回家路上),onhiswaytothestation(在他去火车站的路上)。而bytheway是"顺便说",如:Bytheway,haveyouheardfromJoanrecently??
[误]Thestudentswereontheirwaytohome.?
[正]Thestudentswereontheirwayhome.?
[析]home在这里为副词。?
wear?
[误]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtowearherself.?
[正]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtodressherself.?
[析]wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。?
what?
[误]Iwanttoknowwhattodoit??
[正]Iwanttoknowwhattodo??[误]Iwanttoknowhowtodo??
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit??
[析]what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。?
when?
[误]Idcookyounicemealwhenyoudcomehomeintheevening.?
[正]Idcookyounicemealwhenyoucamehomeintheevening.?
[析]在when引导的状语从句中,要用一般时表示将来,即主句中是将来时,从句中应用一般现在时,如主句中是过去将来时,从句中应用一般过去时。如:Illbebackwhenyoucomebackfromschool.?
[误]Wheninthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.?
[正]WhenTomwasinthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.?
[析]复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下,才有可能省略,如:Whenyounghehadtoworkallday.?
[误]Wellgototheparkwhenitdoesntraintomorrow.?
[正]Wellgototheparkifitdoesntraintomorrow.?
[析]if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何;而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情,如:IllseeyouinSeptemberwhenIcomeback.?[误]Idontknowwhenhecomeshometomorrow.?
[正]Idontknowwhenhewillcomehometomorrow.?
[析]when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时,而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。
where?
[误]Idontknowwheretogoto.?
[正]Idontknowwheretogo.?
[析]where是疑问副词。?
whether?
[误]Itisunknownifhewillcome.?
[正]Itisunknownwhetherhewillcome.?
[析]if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语,其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether:?
①Ididntknowwhetheryoullgoornot.(因句中有ornot选项。)?
②Hedidntknowwhethertovisittheoldman.(因用于不定式前。)?
③Iminterestedinwhetherhellgo.(因作介词的宾语从句。)?
④Iwanttoknowthenewswhetherourteamwillwin.(同位语从句。)?
⑤Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.(此句如用if则含意有所不同,其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)?
who?
[误]Whomdoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[正]Whodoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[析]在这个句式中"doyouthink"应看作插入语,所以原句应为Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[误]Fromwhowasthegift??
[正]Fromwhomwasthegift??
[正]Whowasthatgiftfrom??
[析]在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom,而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.?
why?
[误]Whynottogotothepark??
[正]Whynotgotothepark??
[析]whynot后面接不带to的不定式,也可以用whydontyougowithher??
win?
[误]Wehavewonyourclass.?
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.?
[析]win是及物动词,其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金,如:Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人,如:Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(请注意,beat是不规则动词,其过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten.)?
wish?
[误]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语,而wish则可以,如:Iwishyouluck.(我祝你走运。)?
without?
[误]Icantdothisworkwellwithoutyouhelpme.?
[正]Icantdothisworkwellwithoutyourhelp.?
[析]without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。?
work?
[误]Thisgirlislookingforaworkatthebank.?
[正]Thisgirlislookingforajobatthebank.?
[析]"找工作"一般应为tofindajob,而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词,不能加不定冠词,也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时,为可数名词,如:Thispaintingisoneofhisgreatworks.而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同,如:anironworks或twoironworks.作主语时其谓语动词可用单数,如:Thesteelworksisclosedfortheholidays.?
write?
[误]Youmaywritewithink.?
[正]Youmaywriteinink.?
[正]Youmaywritewithapen.?
[析]"用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么:如果用钢笔则应用with,如:Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.但讲用墨水时则要用in.?
Y?
yesterday?
[误]Icameacrossmyoldfriendyesterdaynight.?
[正]Icameacrossmyoldfriendlastnight.?
[析]"昨晚"应译为lastnight.
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