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2013年中考英语语法名词考点知识复习

学生们有一个生动有趣的课堂,离不开老师辛苦准备的教案,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。认真做好教案课件的工作计划,才能更好的在接下来的工作轻装上阵!你们清楚有哪些教案课件范文呢?以下是小编为大家收集的“2013年中考英语语法名词考点知识复习”希望能为您提供更多的参考。

名词
(一)知识概要
名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的解释和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲还是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把注意力放在其应用上来。我们不妨把它分为两大类:专有名词与普通名词。顾名思义,专有名词是指:个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,theGreatWall,America…它们是不能随意变动的。而普通名词中则包括个体名词,如pen,worker…它表示单一的个体人或事物;集体名词,如:family,class,team,它表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体;物质名词,如:water,paper…它表示的是一种物质,原材料;而后一种是抽象名词,如:work,time…它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念。见下表。
名词一览表
种类
专有名词
London,John,theCommunistPartyofChina
普通名词类名词nurse,boy,worker,pencil,dog,table
集体名词class,family,army,police,team,people
物质名词water,steel,glass,cotton,wood,sand
抽象名词happiness,love,work,life,courage,honest
功用
主语MyfamilyisnowinNewYork.
表语Hisfatherisascientist.
宾语Weloveourgreatmotherland.
宾语补足语HemadeLondonthebaseforhiswork.
定语Thegirlsaremakingpaperflowesrs.
状语Thecarcosthim1000dollars.
同位语MrBrown,afamousscientist,willcomehere.
名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算,所以它通常只有单数形式。它包含有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等,如:English,air,water,cotton,work…可数名词是可以用数量加以计算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是:
1.一般情况加s,如:pen—pens,doctor—doctors,boy—boys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读[s],在元音和浊辅音后读[z]。如:map—map,boy—boys.
2.在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es,如:bus—buses,class—classes,其读音为[iz]。
3.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,其读音为[iz]
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,要将y变为i再加es,读作[z],如:factory—factories,country—countries,family—families.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy—boys,day—days。
5.以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以o结尾的则只加s,如:tomato—tomatoes,hero—heroes;photo—photos,radio—radios,piano—pianos
6.以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变为v再加es,如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves,但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。
7.不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的,它没有规律可循,如:man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice
8.单复同形的名词有:fish,sheep,deer…
9.单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。?名词还有格的变化,其主格可作主语,宾格可作宾语。还有所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s,如:astudentsroom,studentsrooms,ChildrensDay.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家……名词的所有格要用s,如:atwentyminuteswalk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers
(二)正误辨析
[误]Pleasegivemeapaper.
[正]Pleasegivemeapieceofpaper.
[析]不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词,这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了,所以造成了这样的错误,因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类,是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时,要用与之相关的量词来表达,如:twopiecesofpaper.
[误]Pleasegivemetwoletterpapers.
[正]Pleasegivemetwopiecesofletterpaper.
[析]paper作为纸讲是不可数名词,而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词,如:Eachstudentshouldwriteapaperonwhathehaslearnt.
[误]Myglassesisbroken.
[正]Myglassesarebroken.
[误]Iwanttobuytwoshoes.
[正]Iwanttobuytwopairsofshoes.
[析]英语中glasses—眼镜,shoes—鞋,trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用apairofglasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如:Thispairofglassesisverygood.
[误]MayIborrowtworadioes?
[正]MayIborrowtworadios?
[析]以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式,但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.
[误]ThisisaMarysdictionary.
[正]ThisisMarysdictionary.
[析]如名词前有指示代词this,that,thesethose,及其他修饰词our,some,every,which,或所有格时,则不要再加冠词。
[误]Therearemuchpeopleinthegarden.
[正]Therearemanypeopleinthegarden.
[析]可数名词前应用many,few,afew,alotof来修饰,而people是可数名词,而且是复数名词,如:Thepeopleareplantingtreeshere.
[误]Iwantafewwater.
[正]Iwantalittlewater.
[析]不可数名词前可以用alittle,little,alotof,some来修饰,但不可用many,few来修饰。
[误]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.
[正]Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyareverykindtome.
[误]TomsandMarysfamilyarewaitingforus.
[正]TomsandMarysfamiliesarewaitingforus.
[误]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.
[析]集合名词如果指某个集合的整体,则应视为单数,如指某个集合体中的个体则应视为复数。如:Myfamilyisabigfamily.WhenIcamein,TomsfamilywerewatchingTV.即汤姆一家人正在看电视。这样的集合名词有:familyclass,team等。
[误]Donteattoomuchmeats.
[正]Donteattoomuchmeat.
[误]Foodinthatrestaurantisverygood.
[正]Thefoodinthatrestaurantisverygood.
[析]物质名词是不可数名词,在使用中不可以加s,即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如:Idontlikedrinkingcoffee,butthecoffeeinthatcupisreallygood.
[误]Pleasegivemetwowaters.
[正]Pleasegivemetwoglassesofwater.
[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.
[析]物质名词如要加计量时,一定要加量词,?如:twocupsoftea,twoglassesofwater,aglassofmilk,aloafofbread,
apieceofbread,aboxofsugar,
abowlofrice,abottleoforange,
abagofearth
?例:Illtellyouapieceofgoodnews.
但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代manycupsofcoffee.
[误]Canyougivemethenewspaperoftoday?
[正]Canyougivemetodaysnewspaper?
[析]加s构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物。如:Maryshair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用s来构成而不用of结构。如:afiveminuteswalk.
[误]Pleasemakearoomfortheladyintheschoolbus.
[正]Pleasemakeroomfortheladyintheschoolbus.
[析]英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,
如:room为可数名词时为“房间”,如:IliveinRoom5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有:glass玻璃glasses眼镜stone石头astone一块石头time时间twotimes两次wood木头woods树林
[误]Thereisaflowersgardenbehindmyhouse.
[正]Thereisaflowergardenbehindmyhouse.
[析]名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,还可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如:shoefactory(鞋厂),postoffice(邮局),eveningpaper(晚报),nightschool(夜校),headmaster(校长),alawschool(法律学院)。但也有例外,如:agoodstrain(货车),sportsmeeting(运动会)。
[误]Mymotherboughttwofishesforsupperthismorning.
[正]Mymotherboughttwofishforsupperthismorning.
[析]英语中有些名词单复同形,如:fish,deer,sheep,Chinese(中国人),means(方法)。所以应讲onefish,twofish,oneChinese,twoChinese.如果讲Therearefivefishesinthepool.应译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。
[误]Maryexpressedherthanktoherboyfriend.
[正]Maryexpressedherthankstoherboyfriend.
[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:thanks,greens,而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes为衣服,而cloth则是布,sand沙子,而sands是沙滩。
[误]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationonhissuccess.
[正]Iofferedmysonmycongratulationsonhissuccess.
[析]英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式,但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shakehands.
[误]WehavefiveGermaninthismeeting.
[正]WehavefiveGermansinthismeeting.
[析]英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen,而German则要加s,因为它不是由国名与man的组合词。
[误]TherearetwoAsinthisword.
[正]TherearetwoAsinthisword.
[析]在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s,但如字母是A、I时,为了防止与As和Is相混,则要用s即As,Is
[误]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.
[正]Therearethree6sandtwo3sinmytelephonenumber.
[析]在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用s
[误]Wehavemanywomanteachersinourschool.
[正]Wehavemanywomenteachersinourschool.
[析]一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如:?
halfbrother—halfbrothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughterinlaw—daughtersinlaw,(儿媳)但要注意的是:mandriver—mendrivers(男司机)womandoctor—womendoctors(女大夫)grownup—grownups(成年人)但是boystudent—则变为boystudents
[误]Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.
[正]Physicsisverydifficulttolearn.
[析]虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有:科学,学科名字:Physics.Mathematicspolitics游戏名称:bowls专有名称:NiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉瀑布)其他名词:news(消息,新闻)
[误]Thereisapeopleintheroom.
[正]Thereisapersonintheroom.
[正]Thereisamanintheroom.
[析]people是复数名词,不可用作单数,如要用来讲一个人时应用aperson,aman,awoman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用apoliceman,apolicewoman。
[误]Whereismyshoe?
[正]Wherearemyshoes?
[析]常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers,pants,shorts(短裤),socks(袜子),shoes,gloves(手套)。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明,这时还是应用单数形式。如:Wheresmyleftglove?(我左手的手套在哪?)
[误]Ipaidfivepenniesforthesweet.
[正]Ipaidfivepenceforthesweet.
[析]英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币,如:Iwanttochangethisnoteforpennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。(即一便士一个的硬币)。
[误]Therearemanyfruitintheshop.
[正]Therearemanyfruitsintheshop.[
[析]物质名词为不可数名词,但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词,这里应译为各种各样的水果。?
[误]Thereisanewcar.ItisJonesandMarys.
[正]Thereisanewcar.ItisJoneandMarys.
[析]有生命名词的所有格,如果是单数名词则加s如:Maryscar.如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加’如:teachersoffices.如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾,则只加’s,如:childrenspalace组合名词的所有格是在最后一个词尾加s如:girlfriend—girlfriendssomeoneelse—someoneelsesaweekorthree—aweekorthrees如名词后有同位语时,则应加在同位语的词尾上,如:Itismygirlfriend,Maryscar.要注意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同所有,则在最后一个名词后面加s,如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加s,如:ThisisMaryandJoneshome.即Mary与Jone是一家人。这是他们共同的家。而TheseareMarysandJoneshomes.则应译为这里是Mary的家与Jone的家。
[误]Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.
[正]Itisreallybeautiful.ItisaNatureswork.
[析]无生命名词的所有格应用of结构。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词:表示时间的词:todaysnewspaper,atwentyminuteswalk,anhours,rest表示长度的词:threemetresdistance,aboatslength,twentymilesjourney表示重量的名词:twopoundsweight价格名词:twodollarsworth拟人化的名词:Natureswork,natureslesson(大自然的教训)及国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词:theuniversityslibrary
[误]Heisanoldfriendofmyfather.
[正]Heisanoldfriendofmyfathers.
[析]这是英语中的一种习惯用法而不要根据语法去推理。如:ThispenisToms.
[误]Myfatherisagoodcooker.
[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.
[析]一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者,如:teach(教)—teacher(老师),think(想)—thinker(思想家),drive(开车)—driver(司机),sell(卖)—seller(卖物者)……但不能总是以此类推,比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲,而cooker则为厨具,餐具,即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。
[误]Theyoungisdancingthere.
[正]Theyoungaredancingthere.
[析]英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词,如:therich富人,thepoor(穷人),thewise聪明人,但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词,如:Thebeautifulisstillhere.美丽的风景依旧。
[误]Thestoriesofthebookwaswrittenmanyyearsago.
[正]Thestoriesofthebookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.
[析]这句话的真正主语应是stories,所以应用复数谓语动词。
[误]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionary.
[正]ThisisoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]oneof意为“……之一”,of后面的名词要用复数形式。
[误]LetsgotouncleWangforsupper.
[正]LetsgotouncleWangsforsupper.
[析]uncleWangs意为“王叔叔家”,doctors意为“医院或私人诊所”。
[误]Ithinkwewillmakeafriendwitheachother.
[正]Ithinkwewillmakefriendswitheachother.
[析]makefriends为习惯用法,即交朋友。
[误]Iwanttotellyoumuchpiecesofgoodnews.
[正]Iwanttotellyoumanypiecesofgoodnews.
[析]news为不可数名词,但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词,因量词是可数名词,或可以说Iwanttotellyousomegoodnews.因some即可用在可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前作形容词,如:Iwanttotellyousomepiecesofgoodnews.
[误]Theteacherwithfivestudentsarecominghere.
[正]Theteacherwithfivestudentsiscominghere.
[析]要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and有很大的区别,如:Theteacherandfivestudentsarecominghere.这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。
[误]Therearealotofinformationhere,butwedontneedthem.
[正]Thereisalotofinformationhere,butwedontneedit.
[析]information为不可数名词,而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.
[误]Manyastudentmakethesamemistakeintheexam.
[正]Manyastudentmakesthesamemistakeintheexam.
[析]manya加可数名词单数,作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式,但其意为许多学生。
[误]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschooltoday.
[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschooltoday.
[析]英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词:cloth是物质名词,意为“布”,没有复数形式,而clothing是指衣物的总称,也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服,但没有单数形式,如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装,如:aschooldress校服,aneveningdress晚礼服。
[误]IliketostudytheEnglish.
[正]IliketostudyEnglish.
[析]作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词,如:Iliketostudyhistory.IliketostudythehistoryofAmerica.
[误]TheBrownsisgoingtovisitChina.
[正]TheBrownsaregoingtovisitChina.
[析]定冠词加姓加s,则意为“Brown先生一家人”。所以应用复数谓语动词。此句应译为:Brown先生一家将要访问中国。
(三)例题解析
1.LucyandLily___inthesameclass.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
[答案]C.
[析]由and连接两个单数名词作主语时应按复数名词来搭配谓语动词。
2.Whichisthe___tothebusstop,please?
AroadBwayCstreetDaddress
[答案]B.
[析]这是考察同意词辨析,road是指较宽阔的大道,意为“乡间公路”,而street意为道路两边的建筑物较高,可视为街道之意,而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径,还可引深为方式、方法。而address则为“地址”。如:Thereisacarrunningalongthecountryroad.?Iliveat105Parkstreet.CanyoushowmethewaytotheNationalMuseum?
3.Hurryup!Thereis___timeleft.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew
[答案]A.
[析]因time作为时间讲为不可数名词,所以不可用few,afew来修饰。另外,英文的表达法与中文不同,中文讲,快点,时间不多了,而英文要讲,快点,没时间了。因此,要用little而不用alittle.
4.Howmany___canyouseeinthepicture?
AtomatosBtomatoesCtomatoDthetomato
[答案]B.
[析]用Howmany提问时,其名词要用复数形式,而tomato的复数要加es.
5.— ___isthemeat.Please?
— Tenyuanakilo.
AHowmuchBHowmanyCHowoldDHowlong
[答案]A.
[析]由对话的答语可看出其问句问的是价格。钱数作为整体、价格讲时,不论其值是多少都是不可数名词,要用howmuch提问。
6TheboysnameisJamesAllenGreen.Sohisgivennameis___.
AJamesAllenBAllenGreenCJamesGreenDMr.Green
?[答案]A.
[析]英文的习惯与中文不同,中文是姓在前名字在后,而英文则是姓在最后,其第一个名字是由父母所起的,中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的,但都可称作givenname,而姓在英文中是familyname.
7Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest___inourcountry.
AcityBcitysCcitysDcities
?[答案]D.
[析]复音字母以y结尾的单词的复数形式要把y变成i再加es。oneof加名词的结构中的名词应用复数。
8Wouldyoupleasepassme___?
Atwopaper Btwopapers
CtwopiecesofpaperDtwopiecesofpapers
?[答案]C.
[析]paper是不可数名词,如讲一张、两张纸时,要用量词piece.
9September10this___Day.
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
?[答案]D.
10Ionlyhave___breadforlunchtoday.
AabitBabitofClittleDfew
[答案]B.
11“Whatwouldyoulike,Ann?”“Idliketwo___.”
AglassofmilkBglassesofmilk
CglassofmilksDglassesofmilks
?[答案]B.
12Thereisnt___paperinthebox.Willyougoandget___forme?
Aany,someBany,anyCsome,someDsome,any
?[答案]A.
[析]any用于否定句与疑问句,但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时,问句中要用some而不要按一般语法规律用any.
13June1stis___.
AChildrensdayBchildrensDay
CChildrensDayDchildrensday?
[答案]C.
14Theseforeignfriendsare___.
AGermanBGermenCGermanyDGermans
[答案]D.w
15Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgotothecinema.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew
?[答案]D.
[析]student是可数名词,而few用于可数名词,意为:几乎没有学生去电影院。
16Therearethree___andseven___inthepicture.
Adeers,sheepsBdeers,sheep
Cdeer,sheepDdeer,sheeps
?[答案]C.
[析]deer与sheep均是单复同形的名词。
?17Whoseroomisthis?Its___.
AmyBKikesandJohns
CourDKikeandJohns
[答案]D.
[析]因为room为单数,所以不可能是Kike的一间与John的一间,应为二者共用的一间房子。

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2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习


一般给学生们上课之前,老师就早早地准备好了教案课件,大家在认真准备自己的教案课件了吧。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?为满足您的需求,小编特地编辑了“2013年中考英语语法代词考点知识复习”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。

代词
(一)知识概要
英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。?人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
主格iyouhesheitweyouthey
宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表?
人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的
形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey
名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
反身代词可见下表
人称我你他她它我们你们他们 
反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves
指示代词主要有this,that,these,those
疑问代词有:who,whomwhose,what,which,
还有疑问副词when,how,where,why。
不定代词在初中课本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…
(二)正误辨析
[误]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.
[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.
[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:mybook,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。
[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.
[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.
[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it。
[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.
We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.
I,heandyouhavetopayforit.
[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.
[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.
[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.
[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.
[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.
[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。
Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.
[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.
[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。
[误]Myselfdidityesterday.
[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.
[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.
[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。?
[误]Takecareofourselves.
[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)
[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.
[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.
[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.
[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.
[误]Makeyourselfhome.
[正]Makeyourselfathome.
[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有:?
enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样
helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路
seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣
[误]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.
[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.
[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。
[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.
[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.
[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.
[误]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.
[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.
[误]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.
[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.
[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。
[误]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.
[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.
[析]在作肯定回答时,Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.
[误]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.
[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.
[误]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.
[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.
[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。
[误]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.
[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.
[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoonesbest.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。
[误]—Whowonthegame?—None.
[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.
[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.
[误]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。
[误]EitheryouorIareright.
[正]EitheryouorIamright.
[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。
[误]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.
[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.
[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。
[误]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.
[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.
[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。
[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.
[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.
[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Bothofusarenotright.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为:两本书我不能全给你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为:两本书我全不能给你。
[误]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.
[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.
[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。
[误]Everyofushastopasstheexam.
[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.
[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every则侧重于全体。
[误]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而everyone则可以这样用。
[误]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英语,everydaylife日常生活。
[误]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.
[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.
[误]Allmyparentsareengineers.
[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.
[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部。
[误]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构,也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有:
alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter
[误]Theallvillagewasflooded.
[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.
[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。
[误]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.
[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.
[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。
 单数复数
泛指another形容词作定语作名词
another代词otherothers
特指theother形容词
theother代词
theothertheothers
[误]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?
[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?
[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?
[析]theothers=theotherstudents.
[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时则要用theother.它可以用作定语,theotherone,也可以用作代词theother,但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…
[误]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.
[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.
[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。
[误]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.
[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.
[析]everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。
[误]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.
[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.
[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而afew为有一些。
[误]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?
[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?
[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。
[误]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.
[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.
[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。
[误]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.
[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.
[析]enough可以用作代词,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如:moneyenough与enoughmoney都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了。
[误]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。
[误]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?
[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
[析]在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。
[误]Someonewanttomeetyou.
[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.
[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。
[误]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.
[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.
[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:
Itistenoclocknow.(代时间)
Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距离)
Itisveryhot.(代天气)
ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主语)
Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式宾语)
[误]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.
[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.
[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。
(三)例题解析
1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.
AIBmyCmeDmine?
[答案]B.
[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。?
2—___isshe?
—Sheisateacher.
AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。Whatisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而Whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。
3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.
ASomething,workingBSomething,towork
CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?
[答案]A.
[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。
4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.
AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?
[答案]C.
[析]helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”。
5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?
—Bybus.
AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的。?
6Myskirtis___popularthan___.
Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?
[答案]D.
[析]因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。
7—CanyouspeakEnglish?
—Yes,butonly___.
AfewBafewClittleDalittle
[答案]D.
[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。
8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.
AIBmeCmyDmine?
[答案]D.
[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。
9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”
“Aboutonceamonth.”
AHowlongBHowmany
CHowoftenDHowmuch?
[答案]C.
[析]Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次。
10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.
AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?
[答案]C.
[析]在否定句中应用anything
11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”
“Goodidea!”
AanythingniceBniceanything
CsomethingniceDnicesomething?
[答案]C.
[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。
12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?
—Idontmind.___timeisOK.
ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?
[答案]C.
[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有Idontmind则决定不能选择neither.
13Thisisnotherkite, but___.
AhesBhimCheDhis?
[答案]D.
[析]要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。?
14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.
ANoBManyCThoseDTwo
?[答案]A.
[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息。?
15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.
AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?
[答案]C.
[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。?
16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.
Aanythinginteresting
Bsomethinginteresting
Cnothinginteresting
Dinterestinganything
[答案]A.
[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。
17September10this___Day?
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
[答案]D.
[析]教师节TeachersDay,儿童节ChildrensDay,妇女节WomensDay
18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?
—___
ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?
[答案]C.
[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。?
19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?
—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.
AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?
[答案]D.
[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。?
20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?
—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.
ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor意为既不……也不……
21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.
AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother
?
[答案]A.
[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词。?
22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.
AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?
[答案]B.
[析]在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.
23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.
AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?
[答案]A.
[析]两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而theothers是特指复数代名词。
24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.
Iknow___aboutthesubject.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]A.
[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。
25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.
ASodoIBSoIdont
CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?
[答案]D.
[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合
于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。
26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.
Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe
Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?
[答案]A.
[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。?
27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?
[答案]D.
[析]student为可数名词。
28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.
AnobodyBbothCeachDany?
[答案]C.
[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。
29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.
AorBeitherCnorDand?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。
30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.
AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices
CanadviceDsomeadvice?
[答案]D.
[析]advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。
31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.
AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?
[答案]C.
[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词。?
32Arethere___onthetable?
AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?
[答案]D.
[析]此句是疑问句,应用anycups,因提问时的be动词用的是are。
33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.
AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?
[答案]B.
[析]此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词。theother只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B。
34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.
AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?
[答案]C.
[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如:sogoodaday.
35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]C.
[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用“few”。
36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.
AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?
[答案]A.
[析]eachother意为“互相”,是习惯用语。
37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.
AManBOneCThatDIt?
[答案]D.
[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主语只能用it.
38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.
AallBbothCeitherDnone?
[答案]D.
[析]severalletters意为“若干信件”,应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意。
39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.
AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?
[答案]D.
[析]否定句中应用anything.
40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.
ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?
[答案]B.

2013年中考英语语法定语从句考点知识复习


定语从句

(一)知识概要?

定语从句并不属于中考范围,但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到,这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生,想进行大量阅读来提高自己的英语水平,但总是碰到一些问题,百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平,无法提高,但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的,所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难,也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路,特用这一节讲述定语从句,不是从语法上讲述,而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。

对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了,如:agoodbook,形容词good用来修饰书book。

我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词,这种句子叫做形容词性从句,它起修饰名词的作用,又被叫做定语从句(Theattributiveclause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前,而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词,如:Doyouknowthescientistwhogaveusthetalkthisafternoon?这句中的主句是Doyouknowthescientist?(你知道那位科学家吗?)而whogaveusthetalkthisafternoon(他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是:你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里scientist叫作先行词,而who叫作定语从句的引导词。who在定语从句中起主语的作用,who的数与它的先行词相同。又如:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo?这里先行词是everything,而thatIdo是定语从句,此句应译为:你必须作我所作的一切。that叫作定语从句的引导词,在句中作do的宾语。?引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why,how。不论关系代词还是关系副词,都应放于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用,充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语,而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。

① that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如:Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly?这里先行词是machine而that是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。这句译为:飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如:Ilikethebook(that)youlentmeyesterday?这里先行词是book,关系代词用that,它在定语从句中作lend(借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,即:Ilikethebookyoulentmeyesterday?

② which关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:Thebookshopisashopwhichsellsbooks?这里shop是先行词,which在从句中作主语。

又如:Thebook(which)Ireadlastnightwaswonderful?这里主句是Thebookwaswonderful?而定语从句是修饰主句的主语book,即我昨晚读的那本书,which在定语从句中作read的宾语,可以省略。?

③ who,whom,whose?who在定语从句中作主语,whom是who的宾格,在定语从句中作宾语,而whose则是形容词性物主代词,在从句中作定语,如:ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend?昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。Who在定语从句中作主语。又如:Whosthatwoman(whom)youjusttalkedto?你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而whom作定语从句中介词to的宾语,可以省略,而在现代英语中,句首的whom也常常可用who代替。?

Thisisourclassmate,Mary,whosehomeisnotfarfromourschool?这是我们的同学玛丽,她的家离我们学校不远。?为了便于理解,我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?

1. Isawtheman.?Heclosedthedoor??

Isawthemanwho(that)closedthedoor?

2. Thegirlishappy?Shewontherace??

Thegirlwhowontheraceishappy?

3. ThestudentsarefromChina?Theysitinthefrontrow

ThestudentswhositinthefrontrowarefromChina?

(要注意的是先行词是students则who的数也应看作复数。)?

4. Wearestudyingsentences?Theycontainadjectivedause??

Wearestudyingsentencesthat(which)containadjectivedause??

5. Thetaxidriverwasfriendly?Hetookmetotheairport??

Thetaxidriverwhotookmetotheairportwasfriendly??

6. Thebookwasgood?Ireadit??

ThebookthatIreadwasgood??

ThebookIreadwasgood??

7. Thepeoplewereverynice?Wevisitedthemyesterday

Thepeoplewevisitedyesterdaywereverynice?

8. Themancalledthepolice?Hiswalletwasstolen??

Themanwhosewalletwasstolencalledthepolice?

9. Icomefromacountry?Itshistorygoesbackthousandsofyears??

Icomefromacountrywhosehistorygoesbackthousandsofyears?

10. Ihavetocalltheman?Ipickeduphisumbrellaafterthemeeting??

IhavetocallthemanwhoseumbrellaIpickedupafterthemeeting?

关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears?或可以写作:

Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears??

Hewasthemanwhom(who)youwerelookingfor?要注意的是此句的关系代词whom可以用主格取代,而lookfor是短语动词也不可将for放于定语从句之前。that作关系代词作介词宾语时,不能紧跟介词,而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如:Themanthatweweretalkingabouthascometoourschool?这时不可用aboutthat…请看下面例句:?

1. Themeetingwasinteresting?Iwenttoit??

ThemeetingthatIwenttowasinteresting??

2. Themanwasverykind?Italkedtohimyesterday??

ThemanwhoItalkedtoyesterdaywasverykind?

3. Imustthankthepeople?Igotapresentfromhim??

ImustthankthepeoplewhoIgotapresentfrom

4. Thepicturewasbeautiful?Shewaslookingatit??

Thepicturethat(which)shewaslookingatwasbeautiful?

5. Themanisstandingoverthere?Itoldyouabouthim??

ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutisstandingoverthere?

?

除关系代词外,还有关系副词,when,where,why,其中when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:IneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametotheGreatWall?而where则指地点,如:Thisisthehousewheretheoldmanlives?请看下面例句:

1. Thecitywasbeautiful?Wespentourvacationthere??

Thecitywherewespentourvacationwasbeautiful?

?

2. Thatistherestaurant?Iwillmeetyouthere??

ThatistherestaurantwhereIwillmeetyou?

?

3. Thetownissmall?Igrewupthere??

ThetownwhereIgrewupissmall?

?

4. Thatisthedrawer?Ikeepmynewpapersthere??

ThatisthedrawerwhereIkeepmynewspapers?

?

5. Mondayistheday?Wewillcomethen??

Mondayistheday?Whenwewillcame

?

6. 7∶05isthetimeMyplanearrivesthen??

7∶05isthetimewhenmyplanearrives?

?

7. 1960istheyear?Therevolutiontookplacethen??

1960istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace?

?

8. Julyisthemonth?Theweatherisusuallythehottestthen??

Julyisthemonthwhentheweatherisusuallythehottest??

在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句,即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?

① 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉的话,主句的意思就不完整,意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词,如:?Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited??

② 非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对其附加说明,也就是讲即便去掉定语从句,句意也不受影响,仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句,如:AbrahamLincoln,wholedtheUnitedStatesthroughtheseyears,wasshotonApril14, 1865atatheatreinwashington?D. C. 又如:GalileolivedinthecityofPisa,wherethereisaleaningtowerabout180feethigh???

(二)正误辨析?

[误]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachmeEnglish??

[正]IwonttellyouthenameofthepersonwhoteachesmeEnglish??

[析]在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who应由theperson单数决定,应该用单数谓语动词。又如:Iwhoamastudent?wanttofindasparetimejob?这里的who应与I是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用am。?

[误]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplewhowemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??

[正]WetalkedaboutthethingsandthepeoplethatwemetduringtheSecondWorldWar??

[析]这里的关系代词不要用who,因为其先行词有两个一个是things(物),而另一个是people(人),这时既不可用who,又不可用which,因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只能用that,因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?

[误]Thebook,thatIboughtyesterday,wasverygood?

[正]Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,wasverygood??

[析]先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中which,when,who,whom,where,when,whose等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有that不易用于非限制性定语从句。?

[误]ThedictionarywhichIlentityesterdayisaveryusefultool??

[正]ThedictionarywhichIlentyesterdayisaveryusefultool??

[析]关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?

[误]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhichcomesfromAmerica

[正]TheteacherIwanttolearnEnglishfromistheonewhocomesfromAmerica

[析]theone,anyone,those作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系代词不能用which应用who。?

[误]Thisistheroominthattheoldmanlives??

[正]Thisistheroominwhichtheoldmanlives??

[正]Thisistheroomwhichtheoldmanlivesin??

[正]Thisistheroomthattheoldmanlivesin??

[析]that不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语,但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾,则可用that作引导词,而且可以省略。如:Thisistheroomtheoldmanlivesin??

[误]Icandoeverythingwhichisgoodforyou??

[正]Icandoeverythingthatisgoodforyou??

[析]在先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时,虽然它们指的是物体,但不要用which而用that作定语从句的引导词。?

[误]Theonlythingwhichthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??

[正]Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard??

[析]在先行词前有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等词修饰时,虽然先行词指的是物,也不要用which作关系代词,而要用that。?

[误]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmwhichIveeverseen??

[正]ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatIveeverseen??

[析]在先行词是序数词,或由序数词修饰时,其关系代词不可用which?这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后,如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverseen

[误]HeisfromAfrica,thatwecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??

[正]HeisfromAfrica,aswecanseefromthecolouroftheskin??

[析]当as或which引导非限制性定语从句时,它可能没有明确的先行词,它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。?

2013年中考英语语法形容词、副词考点知识复习


老师会对课本中的主要教学内容整理到教案课件中,大家应该开始写教案课件了。我们制定教案课件工作计划,才能对工作更加有帮助!你们会写多少教案课件范文呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“2013年中考英语语法形容词、副词考点知识复习”,仅供您在工作和学习中参考。

形容词、副词
(一)知识概要?
形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。?其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。?英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:?
构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或estTall
youngtaller?
younger
tallest
youngest
只加r或stnice?
large
nicer
larger
nicest?
largest
重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、estbig?
fat?
hot
bigger
fatterw
hotter
biggest?
fattest
hottest
不规则变化的形容词或副词:?
原级比较级最高级
goodbetterbest
Wellbetterbest
badworseworst
badlyworseworst
manymoremost
mostmoremost
littlelesslest
farfarther
further
farthest
furthest
oldolder?
elder
oldest?
eldest
要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:?
构词法形容词副词
一般加lyCareful
kind
carefully
kindly
尾是y时将y变成i加lyHappy
busy
easy
Happily
busily
easily
其他true
terrible
full
possible
shy
whole
truly
terribly
fully
possibly
shyly
wholly
在学习过程中要注意其变化。?
此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,even和alittle.能修饰最高级的有:thevery,muchthe,far等。?
(二)正误辨析?
[误]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.?
[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.?
[析]定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美丽并不总代表善良。?
[误]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.?
[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.?
[析]意为:"危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。?
[误]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.?
[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.?
[析]golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金发,guldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外。
[误]Sheisawarmheartwoman.?
[正]Sheisawarm?heartedwoman.?
[析]英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:?warm?hoarted热心肠的,white?haired白毛的?
[误]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.?
[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.?
[析]在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:Thefishisalive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。?
[误]Theillmannearlydied.?
[正]Thesickmannearlydied.?
[析]ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:Heisillsick,ill作定语时则另有他意,如:illluck(厄运),illnature(天性恶劣),illtemper(心绪不好)?
[误]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.?
[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.?
[析]不定代词something,anyone,somebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后。但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律。如:Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.?
[误]IllbefreeonnextSunday.?
[正]IllbefreenextSunday.?
[析]在表达将来时的时候:nextSunday,nextweek,nextyear或lastSundaylastweek,lastyear前都不加介词。?
[误]Thegirlistwo?yearold.?
[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.?
[正]Sheisatwo?year?oldgirl??
[析]由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词,在学习时要记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如:two?thousand?wordreport(两千字的报告);其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语。?
[误]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.?
[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.?
[析]在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其顺序如下。?
1.指示代词,定冠词2.数量词3.性质词4.大小?5.形状6.老少,新旧7.颜色8.材料?
但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个。?
如:Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!?
ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.?
[误]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.
[析]good是形容词,这里是修饰动词speak的,所以应用副词well,但well作形容词讲时只作身体好。如:Heiswell.(他身体很好)。Heisgood.(他是个好人)。?
[误]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.?
[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily??
[析]多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly.?
[误]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.?
[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.?
[析]英语中感观动词后面要接形容词,这时它是修饰主语的,如:Thefoodsmellsgood.食物闻起来很香。Theteacherlookedangry老师看起来很生气。?而此句的意思为:"老师生气地看着学生",所以应用副词形式。?
[误]Heworkedwithmefriendly.?
[正]Hewasfriendlytome.?
[析]不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词,但friendly是形容词,这样的词还有lovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthlyweekly…。但其中有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如:early,hourly,monthly…?
[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.?
[析]free作为形容词意为"自由的,有空闲的,免费的"。作为副词讲则是"免费"之意。而freely作为副词则是"自由的,随便的"。这些要注意的词还有:?hard努力,艰苦hardly几乎不late迟,晚?lately最近的,最新的near近nearly几乎?like像likely几乎?
[误]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.?
[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.?
[析]bynow是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生,所以应用瞬间动词。而tillnow是强调某一动作一直持续到现在,所以一定要用持续性动词。?musthave+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测。?
[误]Someonecalledyourightnow.?
[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.?
[析]justnow有两个意思,其一是"刚才",其二是"现在",而rightnow只能用于现在的状态。just则用于完成时态,如:Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.?
[误]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.?
[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.?
[析]presently有两个意思:其一是最近,不久,其二在美语中是现在之意,与atpresent相同。而forthepresent为暂时,如:IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.
[误]Illbebackatthemoment.?
[正]Illbebackinamoment.?
[析]atthemoment其意为"现在,当时",而inamoment意为"马上过一会",与inaminute意思相近。?
[误]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.?
[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.?
[析]ontime为"准时",而intime有两个含意。其一是"及时",如:Thedoctorarrivedintime。其二是"将来,终究"。?
[误]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.?
[析]Sometime过去,或者将来某时。?Sometimes有时?
如:SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.?Sometime一些时间?
如:Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.?Sometimes几次?
如:IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.?
attimes有时,偶尔?
atalltimes经常?
someothertime改天?
[误]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.?
[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.?
*ago用在时间状语中时,主句中谓语动词一般用过去时,而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。?
[误]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.?
[正]Hestudiedveryhard,andintheendhepassedtheexam.?
[析]intheend=atlast意为"最终,终于",表达经过若干努力而达到的结果。而attheend是在某事的结束时如何如何,如:Attheendofclass,theteachergaveussomestorybooks。?
[误]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.?
[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.?
[析]everythreedays为"每三天",即每隔二天,而everyotherday为每隔一天。
[误]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgo,too.?
[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.?
[析]英语中表示"也",有4个字,also,aswell,too,either,但either用于否定句中,而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中too与aswell一般要用在句尾,而also则可用于句中。如:Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.?
[误]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.?
[析]anyway为"不管怎么"讲,"无论如何",如:Whataterribleaccident,anywaynoonewashurt.?
anyway为"任何方式"。这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中,如:?
everyday日常的everyday每天?
faraway遥远的faraway远离?
altogether总计alltogether一块,大家一起?
already已经allready全准备好了?
[误]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.?
[析]anytime是副词而anytime中的time是名词。?
[误]Shesaidnearlynothing.?
[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.?
[析]nearly与almost的含意相近,在很多场合可以互换,但在否定词前用almost。
[误]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.?
[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.?
[析]toomuch后接不可数名词,如:Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可数名词,muchtoo后面加形容词,如:ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
[误]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.?
[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.?
[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式,或不定式的复合结构:forsomebodytodosomething。?
[误]Thetwinsareveryalike.?
[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.?
[析]用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰,一般要用much来修饰。?
[误]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents??
-Onceaweek.?
[析]英文与中文表达法不同,隔多长时间办一次某事,实际上问的是该事发生的频率,所以要用howoften。?
[误]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallupyou.?
[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYork,Illcallyouup.?
[析]当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后,如果是名词则可以放在词组其后。?如:IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以讲:PleaseturntheTVon.?
[误]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.?
[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.?
[析]副词在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下几种用法:①实意动词之前,如:Hequicklygivemetheanswer.②在be动词之后,如:Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.③第一助动词之后,如:Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.④在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前,如:Canyouhelpmethisafternoon??Icertainlycan.?但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间,如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词
词组作宾语则才可以这样用:?
Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.?
[误]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.?
[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.?
[析]表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾。如果表示强调则可放于句首。
[误]Youhavefewnewbooks,haventyou??
[正]youhavefewnewbooks,haveyou??
[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组。修饰可数名词的有few(很少,几乎没有),afew(有一些,几个);修饰不可数名词的有little(很少,几乎没有),alittle(有一点,有一些)。要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句。
[误]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.?
[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为"十分,相当,所以"。quiteafew=many,quitealittle=much而onlyalittle=little,onlyafew=few.?
[误]Doyouwanttohavemanybread??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread??
[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some。其次是some可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。?
[误]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis??
[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.?
[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时,这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式,如:?
ashoeshop鞋店
afruitshop水果店
abookshop书店?
apostoffice邮局
apolicestation警察局
abusstop汽车站?
[误]Heisweakatphysics.?
[正]Heisweakinphysics.?
[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething,而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething。?
[误]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.?
[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.?
[析]beworth后可接动、名词表达值得作某事,又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱。?
[误]Dontafraidofthat.?
[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.?
[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的词组还有:?
beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心?
becertainof有把握,确定besureof确信?
begladof高兴besickof厌恶?
befondof喜欢?
[误]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.?
[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.?
[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词之前,如:Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如:Ididmyhomeworkwell.?
[误]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.?
[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.?
[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:
Didyoufinishit?No.notyet.?
[误]Look.Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes!?
[误]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。?
[误]Sheismyoldersister.?
[正]Sheismyeldersister.?
[析]elder和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older,oldest则是指岁数大多少,如:SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.?
[误]Imtired.Icantgofurther.?
[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.?
[析]far有两个比较级farther较远的,further进一步的,如:Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation?你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.?
[误]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.?
[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用。?
[误]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notalready.?
[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework??
-No,notyet.?
[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still。要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone。而yet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如:Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如:Heisstillhere.?
[误]HeisveryhigherthanIam.?
[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.?
[析]much可以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,如:Imverytired.
[误]-CanIwalktothestation??-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.?
[正]-CanIwalktothestation??
-Youdbetternot,Itisalongway.?
[析]for一般用在疑问句与否定句中,如:Howfarisitfromheretothestation?又如:Itisntfar.?
[误]IveeverbeentoAmerica.?
[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.?
[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如:HaveyoueverbeentoLondon??
[误]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Iamnotafraidso.?
[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime??
-No,Imafraidnot.?
[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Doyouthinksheisagoodstudent?YesIthinkso,/Ihopeso,/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hope,belive与afraid后则常用not,如:Ihopenot.?
[误]Shedidntworkenoughhard,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[正]Shedidntworkhardenough,soshecouldntpasstheexam.?
[析]enough可以作名词用,如:EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.(对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)?另外它可以作为形容词,如:Ihaveenoughmoney(ormoneyenough)tobuythisdictionary.注意enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。?
[误]Youcantbeverycareful.?
[正]Youcantbetoocareful.?
[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如:Itistooexpensiveforme.那对我来讲是太贵了。?
[误]Heisgoodpastfifty.?
[正]Heiswellpastfifty.?
[析]well作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地、远远地",等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;?
Heiswell.?
Heisgood.?
其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同。Heiswell是"他身体不错",而Heisgood则为"他是个好人"。?
[误]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.?
[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.
[析]在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly,almost,exactly…等置?于第一?个as之前。?
[误]HeissameageasTom.?
[正]HeisthesameageasTom.?
[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。?
[误]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.?
[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.?
*like作为介词,其意为"像",应用于looklike,belike,soundlike,其后要加宾语。而?alike?是形容词,或副词,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike。但alike仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。?
[误]Whoistallerofthetwo??
[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo??
[析]两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。?
[误]IhavelessbooksthanTom.?
[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.?
[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。?
[误]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.?
[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.?
[析]在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级。?
[误]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.?
[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.?
[析]as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词,这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如:Heisasgoodashisfriend.?
[误]Theharderyoustudy,andyoucanlearnmore.?
[正]Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn.?
[析]英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……,如:Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger。要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more,这样的用法是:moreandmore加形容词,如:Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.?
[误]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.
[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.?
[析]在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如:Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveas(to)buyanewone.?
[误]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.?
[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclever(muchcleverer)thantheboy.?
[析]clever有两个比较级:cleverer和moreclever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。?clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处,如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用moreclever,如:Heismorecleverthanhonest.(他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。)?
[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.?
[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.?
[析]最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词。?
[误]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.?
[析]在oneof后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数。?
[误]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglish?Chinesedictionaries.
[析]在修饰最高级时应用far/byfar/much加the加最高级。但very例外,如:Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.?
[误]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.?
[析]在比较级中表示比较对象时如用anyother其后一般要加单数名词。?
[误]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.?
[析]"大多数"一词的表达法有mostofthe+名词,或most+名词。当用前一种结构时,其后面的定冠词不可少。?
[误]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.?
[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.?
[析]比较级用于两句话之间时,比较的部分不可省略掉,但为了避免重复,一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词,而用those代替前面的复数名词,如:Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox。?
[误]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.?
[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.?
[析]nomore在现代英语中多译为:"从此再也不会了",如:Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已经去世了,他的声音不可能再出现了。而用nolonger表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句子的实际含意:?Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净)Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净,一间不干净。)?
(三)例题解析?
1?IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.?
A.interestingB?moreinteresting?
C.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级。?
2?-WhatdoesLucylikebetter,singingordancing??
-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.?
A.begoodatB.begoodfor
C.bebadatD.bebadfor?
[答案]A.?
[析]begoodat为固定搭配,意为"擅长作某事"。初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢,而不能似是而非。如:?begoodat,bebadat,bepoorin,beweekin,befitfor?
3?TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.?
A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriver?
C.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver?
[答案]C.?
[析]在oneof+定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式。?
4?Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.?
A.so,thatB.too,toC.too,thatD.enough,to?
[答案]A.?
[析]so…that为"如此怎样以至于如何",此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而too…to的意思为"如何如何,以至于不能作某事"。但to的后面是动词原形,而不是从句。?
5?Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.?
A.hotB.hoter
C.hotterD.thehottest?
[答案]C.?
[析]用than表达比较的句中应用比较级。?
6?Whichsubjectdoyoulike___,EnglishChineseormaths??
A.bestB.well
C.betterD.good?
[答案]A.?
[析]在两者之间应用比较级,而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级。?
7?Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.?
A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefully
C.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful?
[答案]C.?
[析]首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词。这里是修饰watch这一动词,应选用副词。当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。?
8?___sheeats,___shellbe.?
A.More…fatB.Themore…fatter?
C.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter?
[答案]D.?
[析]the+比较级表示"越来越……"本句应译为:她吃得越多,她就会越胖。?
9?IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.?
A.asimportantasB.notimportantas?
C.notsoimportantD.importantas?
[答案]A.?
[析]think+宾语从句时,应采用否定主句的形式,如:中文讲,"我认为你不对",英文应为:"我不认为你对"。Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能选答案B。而C、D均为不正确的表达法。?
10?MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.?A.areinterestedinB.areinterestingin?
C.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto?
[答案]A.?
[析]过去分词常用来修饰人,而现在分词常用来修饰物,如:aninterestingbook,实际上过去分词含有被动之意,如:interested其含意是"被……所吸引,感动"。而interesting则为"使人感兴趣的",如:aninterestingman一个有趣、风趣的人。?
11?Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel___.?
A.aloneB.lonely
C.happilyD.friendly?
[答案]B.?
[析]alone意为"独自的,一个人的",它只能作表语不能作定语。Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意为"寂寞的,孤单的",如:Theoldmanfeltlonely.要体会两个词的区别,如:Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
12?Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.?
A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terrible?
C.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly?
[答案]A.?
[析]terrible是形容词,而terribly是副词,第一个空是修饰名词的,所以应填入形容词。第二个空ill是形容词,这里terribly是用来修饰ill的。?
13?Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.?A.soB.too
C.veryD.much?
[答案]A.?
[析]这里用的是so…that的固定搭配。?
14?Whichis___,LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisbox??
A.heavyB.heavier
C.moreheavierD.theheaviest?
[答案]B.?
[析]两者之间用比较级,三者或以上用最高级。?
15?YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem,___.?
A.tooB.also
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
[析]在否定句中也应用either,而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中。?
16?Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.?
A.well,goodB.good,well
C.well,wellD.good,good
[答案]B.?
[析]good为形容词,如:Heisgood.他是个好人。而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词,如:Heiswell为他身体不错,而作为其他意思时为副词,如:HespeaksEnglishwell.?
17?Youlook___thanbefore,why??
A.morethinB.morethinner
C.muchmorethinD.muchthinner?
[答案]D.?
[析]多音节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级,而thin的比较级为thinner。?
18?Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.?
A.hungryB.angry
C.tiredD.thirsty?
[答案]A.?
[析]hungry-饿,angry-生气,tired-紧,疲劳,thirsty-口渴。要注意名词的词义。?
19?-Canyouunderstandme??
-Sorry,Ican___understandyou.?
A.hardlyB.almost
C.evenD.ever?
[答案]A.?
[析]hardly为一否定词,用在句中时应被看作是否定句。在答语中Sorry决定了其意为"听不明白",所以只能选hardly。?
20?"___doyouwritetoyourpenfriend?"?
"Abouttwiceamonth."?
A.HowoftenB.Howsoon
C.HowmuchD.Howlong?
[答案]A.?
[析]howoften用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次,也就是提问发生的频率。howsoon是问从现在起还有多久。?
21?ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChina??
A.longB.longer
C.longestD.thelongest?
[答案]D.?
22?Illwork___Ican.?
A.sohardlyasB.sohardas
C.ashardlyasD.ashardas?
[答案]D.?
[析]hard可用作形容词和副词,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood?又如:Itisraininghard。而hardly是副词,其词义是"几乎不",如:HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚几乎没有睡觉。而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序。as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as则只能用于否定句中。?
23?Itisvery___tolistentohim.?
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestedinD.interest?
[答案]B.?
[析]interest作为名词有两个词义,①兴趣,②银行中所讲的利息。而其形容词interesting是"使人感兴趣的",而interested是"感兴趣的"如:HeisinterestedinEnglish.?
24?Thingsare___worsethanIthought.?
A.moreB.few
C.veryD.much?
[答案]D.?
[析]只有much可以修饰比较级。?
25?Itisoneoclock,butherfatherhasntcomeback___.?
A.alreadyB.still
C.tooD.yet?
[答案]D.?
[析]完成时的否定句尾要用yet,而already则用于肯定句。?
26?ComradeChenis___olderthanI.?
A.veryB.more
C.muchD.quite?
[答案]C.?
[析]只有much可以修饰比较级。可以修饰比较级的词还有much,far,evenalittle,byfar等。?
27?Shedidherhomework___.?
A.carefullyB.careful
C.careD.careless?
[答案]A.?
[析]这里应填入副词,而careless是由care加less后辍得来的,less意为"没有",是否定之意,如:careless-不小心,homeless-无家可归。而carefully为副词。?
28?TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit,___.?A.alsoB.too
C.eitherD.neither?
[答案]C.?
29?-Howareyourparents??
-Theyarevery___,thankyou.?
A.goodB.kind
C.wellD.happy?
[答案]C.?
[析]由问句得知其询问的是身体如何,所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词。?30?Peterruns___inourclass.?
A.thefastB.faster
C.fastestD.mostfast?
[答案]C.?
[析]副词的最高级前可以加定冠词,也可以不加定冠词。?
31?Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.?
A.suchB.so
C.veryD.quite?
[答案]B.?
[析]在so与that之间只有形容词时不可用such。?
32?Katesings___Joan.?
A.aswellasB.asgoodas
C.sogoodasD.asbetteras?
[答案]A.?
[析]这里well为副词,意为"唱得好"。?
33?Thiseggsmells___,thoughitlooksallright.?
A.goodB.well
C.badD?badly?
[答案]C.?
[析]smell为系动词,其后应加形容词,而不是副词。同样的词,还有sound,feel,seem、become(变成)等等,如:Icefeelscoldinwinter.?
34?Waitaminute,Ihave___totellyou.?
A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginteresting?
C.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting?
[答案]B.?
[析]修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后。?
35?Ishallvisityou___nextyear.?
A.sometimesB.sometime
C.sometimeD.sometimes?
[答案]B.?
[析]sometimes有时,sometime某一时刻,sometime一段时间,sometimes若干次?
36?Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.?
A.alittleB.afew
C.litttleD.few?
[答案]A.?
[析]little修饰不可数名词,而alittle意为"一些,一点"。?
37?Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.?
A.fewB.little
C.afewD.alittle?
[答案]C.?
[析]afew意为"有些",few后面要加可数名词复数。?
38?Ofallthesebooks,doyouthink,whichoneis___??
A.interestingB.muchinteresting?
C.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting?
[答案]D.?
[析]Ofallthesebooks是用来表示最高级的范围

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