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专题08情态动词和虚拟语气

I.情态动词基本用法

情态动词

用法

否定式

疑问式

简答式

can

能力（体力，智力，技能）

允许或许可（口语中常用）

可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）

cannot/cannot/can’tdo

Can…do…?

Yes,…can.

No,…can’t.

could

couldn’tdo

may

可以（问句中表示请求）

可能，或许（表推测）

祝愿（用于倒装句中）

maynotdo

May…do…?

Yes,…may.

No,…mustn’t/can’t.

might

mightnotdo

Might…do…?

Yes,…might

No,…mightnot.

must

必须，应该（表主观要求）

肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）

mustnot/mustn’tdo

Must…do…?to.

Yes,…must.

No,…needn’t/don’thave

haveto

只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）

don’thavetodo

Do…havetodo…?

Yes,…do.

No,…don’t.

oughtto

应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）

oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodo

Ought…todo…?

Yes,…ought.

No,…oughtn’t.

shall

用于一三人称征求对方意见

用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等

shallnot/shan’tdo

Shall…do…?

Yes,…shall.

No,…shan’t.

should

应当，应该（表义务责任）

本该（含有责备意味）

shouldnot/shouldn’tdo

Should…do…?

will

意愿，决心

请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉

willnot/won’tdo

Will/Would…do…?

Yes,…will.

No,…won’t.

would

wouldnot/wouldn’tdo

dare

敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）

darenot/daren’tdo

Dare…do…?

Yes,…dare.

No,…daren’t.

need

需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）

neednot/needn’tdo

Need…do…?

Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.

usedto

过去常常（现在已不再）

usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttodo

didn’tusetodo

Used…todo…?

Did…usetodo…?

Yes,…used.

No,…use(d)n’t.

Yes,…did.

No,…didn’t.

II.情态动词的重点知识

表示“能力、许可”的can和may

表示能力的情态动词用can/could

Acomputer_____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.mightnot

表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。

①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______

A.willB.couldC.mayD.might

②Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.

A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/may

C.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t

在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。

Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybut

everyone_____getout.

A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto

表示“推断、判断”的can

may,must

在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。

Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will

而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：

Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.

在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。

Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.

A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may

在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。

Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?

Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?

need

need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。

dare

dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。

Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhe

daresay.

注意:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.（否定句）

Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?（疑问句）

shall

用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。

Whatshallwedothisevening?

用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。

Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.警告

HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.允诺

Heshallbepunished.威胁

should

劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。

Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.

Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.

will/would

请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。

Wouldyoupassmethebook?

表示意志、愿望和决心。

Iwillneverdothatagain.

Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain

would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek

Thewoundwouldnotheal.（伤口老是不能愈合）

would表示估计或猜想。

Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.

Whatwouldshebedoingthere?

情态动词+havedone的用法

could+havedone：本可以做而实际上未能做。

Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.

cannot+havedone：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。

Hecannothavebeentothattown.

can+主语+havedone：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。

Canhehavegotthebook?

might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。

Hemaynothavefinishedthework.

Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.

must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。

其否定式为：cannothavedone。

Youmusthaveseenthefilm.

Youcannothaveseenthefilm.

needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。

Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.

注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do：

没有必要做而实际上也没有做

Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.

should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。

Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.

Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,

forIworkedtouseit.

注意：Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.（表推测）

虚拟语气

类别

用法

例句

If引导的

条件从句

与现在事实相反

从句动词：过去式（be用were）

主句动词：should/would/could/might+do

Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.

与过去事实相反

从句动词：had+done

主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done

IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.

与将来事实相反

从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+todo

主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.

省略if的虚拟条件句

将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装

①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.

②WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.

③HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.

混合虚拟条件句

不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则

①Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.

②Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.

③IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.

虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则

①Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.

②Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.

含蓄虚拟

条件句

butfor+名词表示虚拟条件

句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。

---Butforyourtimelywarning,we______intogreattrouble.

---Youknowwe’refriends.

A.wouldgetB.musthavegot

C.wouldhavegotD.can’thavegot

without+名词表示虚拟条件

Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.

动词不定式表示虚拟条件

Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.
如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。

现在分词表示虚拟条件

Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。

过去分词表示虚拟条件

Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.
如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。

副词otherwise表示虚拟条件

Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。

连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件

He_____fatterbutheeatstoolittle.

A.wouldbecomeB.wouldhavebecome

C.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome

其它

状语从句

asif/asthough引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。

注意：asif/asthough引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：

当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：

Itsoundsasifitisraining．听起来像是在下雨。
Hetalksasifheisdrunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。

①与现在事实相反

Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas．

②与过去事实相反

HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.

③与将来事实相反

Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.

inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+do

Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.

宾语从句

demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+do

Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.

wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反

IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.

IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.

主语从句

在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…

Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，

谓语动词用should+do

Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.

其它

句型中

Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+do

It’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.

wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式

Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.

Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望

Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!

相关阅读

高三英语教案：《语法知识情态动词和虚拟语气》教学设计

II.情态动词的重点知识

表示“能力、许可”的can和may表示能力的情态动词用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______A.will B.could C.may D.might②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to表示“推断、判断”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?

need

need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。

dare

dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether hedare say.注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句）shall用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺He shall be punished.威胁

should

劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。You should(ought to) go to class right away.I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.

will/would

请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合）would表示估计或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?情态动词+have done的用法could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。He cannot have been to that town.can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意：didn’t need to(have to)do：没有必要做而实际上也没有做I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推测）

虚拟语气

类 别

用 法

例 句

If引导的

条件从句

与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+done主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free,I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.

省略if的虚拟条件句

将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②Were I you,I would not do it.③Had I been free,I would have visited you.

混合虚拟条件句

不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则

①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.

虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则

①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.

含蓄虚拟

条件句

but for+名词表示虚拟条件

句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---You know we’re friends.A. would get B. must have gotC. would have got D. can’t have got

without+名词表示虚拟条件

Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.

动词不定式表示虚拟条件

It would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。

现在分词表示虚拟条件

Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。

过去分词表示虚拟条件

Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。

副词otherwise表示虚拟条件

I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。

连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件

He _____fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have becomeC. must become D. must have become

其它

状语从句

as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：It sounds as if it is raining．听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。①与现在事实相反He talks as if he knew where she was．②与过去事实相反He talks aboutRomeas if he had been there before.③与将来事实相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doTurn on the light so that we can see it clearly.

宾语从句

demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+doHe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone toShanghailast month.

主语从句

在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中，谓语动词用should+doIt is strange that such a person should be our friends.

其它

句型中

It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+doIt’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had

情态动词

用 法

否定式

疑问式

简答式

can

能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /can’t doCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.

could

couldn’t do

may

可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not doMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.

might

might not doMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…might not.

must

必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustn’t doMust…do…? to.Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t have

have to

只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）don’t have to doDo…have to do…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.

ought to

应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtn’t to doOught…to do…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.

shall

用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shan’t doShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.

should

应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldn’t doShould…do…?

will

意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t doWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.

would

would not/wouldn’t do

dare

敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/daren’t doDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.

need

需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/needn’t doNeed…do…?Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.

used to

过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doUsed…to do…?Did…use to do…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.

高考英语二轮专题复习6情态动词和虚拟语气

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容，让教师能够快速的解决各种教学问题。你知道怎么写具体的教案内容吗？以下是小编为大家精心整理的“高考英语二轮专题复习6情态动词和虚拟语气”，欢迎大家阅读，希望对大家有所帮助。

情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词
1.考查情态动词的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等；may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉。
②must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”，mustn’t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”；neednot表示“不必要”；maynot表示“可能不，可以不”。
③needn’t表示“没有必要”
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could；could还可以表示过去的某种能力
⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况
2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法
①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”；按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱，译为“也许”。
②否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot，译为“可能不”“也许不”；否定语气较强时，则用can’t，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩
③疑问句中推测往往用can或could
3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法
4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
虚拟语气
1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法
①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句
③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句
2.虚拟语气的活用
①时间错综虚拟结构
②省略if的虚拟结构
③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构
④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气
⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构
⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构

I.情态动词
1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may
①表示能力的情态动词用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以，但在问句中用could…?
或might…？以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一
定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以说：Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要说：theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可，must则表示必须做某事。
2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性：
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性：Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t，语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“请求、提议”（用在疑问句中）的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转
Can（Could）yougivemealifttothestation?
你（您）能不能让我搭你（您）的车去车站呀？
4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”（用在疑问句中）的can和could，这时could比can语气更婉转
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢？
5.构成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分，越……越好，非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情，我们越早开始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住，不由得，不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时，我都禁不住要鉴赏它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
亲密的朋友去世时，你会不由得感到悲伤。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁！
MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你！
7.shall/should
用于人称意义
shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见
第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁
用于法律、法规等条文中应……，须……，得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意：may用于征求对方的许可，而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示：
MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗？
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗？
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.（警告）
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.（允诺）
Heshallbepunished.（威胁）
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。
should意义
①（表义务、责任的）应该
②（表预期的）应该会，想必会，一定……会把
③（表惊讶、遗憾的）竟然、居然
④（与疑问词连用，表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的）究竟是，到底
⑤（用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中，且should可以省略）应该，必须
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意：oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①请求、建议，would比will委婉客气
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估计或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。
②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式：dare和dared两个词形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情态动词+havedone的用法
①could+havedone：本可以做而实际上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone：表示对过去行为的否定推测
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主语+havedone：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightmay)
⑤must+havedone：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为：cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意：didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。
其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意：本结构还可以表“推测”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。
11.其它情态动词
①haveto
haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而
haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意：在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意：would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，但是不涉及到现在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式为hadbetternot
II.虚拟语气
（一）一般虚拟结构
类别用法例句
If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）
主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词
主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式
主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。
（二）混合虚拟结构
1.不同时间的虚拟
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.（从句与过去事实相反，and后面的主句与现在事实相反）
2.虚拟与陈述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
（三）特殊句式虚拟结构
1.省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点,事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理应如此）
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反)；（haddone与过去相反）
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
①省去条件从句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意：onlyif是“只要”的意思，从句中用陈述语气。
11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名词
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.

1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven；throughB.canthavedriven；across
C.mustnthavedriven；throughD.shouldnthavedriven；cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen；mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought　
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
　—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares　C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden，sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should
1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA

高考英语虚拟语气语法讲解

语法讲解：虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类
l.语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类
（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis！多好的天气啊！
（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如：Openthedoor，please.请打开门。
（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：IfIwereyou，IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed！祝您成功！
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如：Ifitdoesntraintomorrow，wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday，hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：
从句主句
与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反动词过去式，should+动词原形，wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形
注：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：Ifmybrotherwerehere，everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
2.表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldnt（couldnt）havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：IfitwereSundaytomorrow，Ishould（would，could，might）gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就（可能）去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening，theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
4.有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）
5.虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式
（l）省略连词if.在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如：Shouldhecome（Ifheshouldcome），tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。WereIyou（IfIwereyou），Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。
（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如：Withoutair（Iftherewerenotair），therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。Butforyourhelp（Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp）Icouldnthavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.（IfIhadntbeenbusythatday，Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.）我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。（如果我那天不忙的话，我就……）；Iwouldhavefinishedthework，butIhavebeenill.（IfIhadntbeenill，Iwouldhavefinishedthework.）我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
6.省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
（1）省去条件从句。如：Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto"（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）。如：Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme！如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！（事实是：祖母已不在世。）；Ifonlyshehadnotleft！如果她没走就好了！（事实是：她已经走了。）
l.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在“Itisimportant（strange，natural，necessary）that……”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”“奇怪”“自然”“必要”等意义。如：Itisimportantthateverymember（should）informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that.1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。如：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道）；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had十过去分词”。如：Iwish（wished）Ihadntspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不该花那么多钱。（实际上已经花掉）；3）表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would十动词原形”。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。如：Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。
（2）在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如：Idemandthathe（should）answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
3.虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
（1）在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如：Evenifhehadbeenill，hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他也去办公室。
（2）由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had十过去分词”。如：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
（3）在inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“could或might（有时也用should）+动词原形”。如：Mr.greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould（might）hearclearly.格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在“Itistime（that）……”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。如：Its（high）timewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了。
5.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
（1）情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉。
（2）在一些习惯表达中。如：Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你。
（3）用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：Mayyoubehappy！祝你快乐！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。

高考二轮复习英语考案:情态动词和虚拟语气

2010高考二轮复习英语考案:情态动词和虚拟语气

1.—Thatmustbeamistake.
　—No,it_____amistake.
A.mustnotbe　B.needn’tbe　C.cannotbe　D.wouldnotbe
2.—_____IwaterthetreesonTuesday?
　—No,youneedn’t.
A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall
3.He_____notpayunlessheispunishedtopay.
A.shallB.willC.canD.would
4.I_____suchamistakeagain.
A.shallnevermakeB.maynevermake
C.canneverdoD.needneverdo
5.—_____Iturnontheradio?
　—You’dbetternot.Itisnoisyenoughinthisroom.
A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.Do
6.Let’sgotothelibrarythisafternoon,_____?
A.shallweB.willweC.canweD.shouldwe
7.Wherearemykeys?I_____lostthem.
A.oughttoB.shouldhave　C.willhave　D.musthave
8.Evenifhehastime,he_____shoppingintownonSunday.
A.won’tgoB.willgoC.won’tgotoD.doesn’tgo
9.He_____finishedearlier.
A.shallhaveB.oughttoC.couldhave　D.musthave
10.IncaseI_____,Iwouldtryagain.
A.willfailB.wouldmiss　C.shouldfail　D.shallmiss
11.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.
A.itmustrainB.itmusthaverained
C.itmustberainedD.itmusthavebeenrained
12.Heaskedmeifhe_____openthewindow.
A.shallB.wouldC.willD.should
13.Everyone_____dohisbesttomaketheworldsafeandclean.
A.canB.mayC.shouldD.hadto
14._____tohavelunchwithustoday?
A.Doyoulike　B.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyoulike
15.—Willyoulendmeyourbook?
—Yes,I_____.
A.willB.needC.canD.must
16.IfIhadtime,_____seethatnewmovieattheCapitalTheater.
A.IwillB.ImayC.IshallD.Iwould
17.TheEnglishofhercompositionistoogood.Shecan’t_____itherself.
A.havetowriteB.havewritten　C.writeD.bewritten
18.You_____thelookonhisfacewhenhewonthelottery.
A.wouldhaveseenB.canbeseeing　C.mustseeD.maysee
19.Thelightisoutinherroom;she_____tobed.
A.musthavegoneB.hadgoneC.mustbegoingD.mustgo
20.They_____thatfar;buttheystoppedtohaveasnackontheway.
A.mightbegoneB.neededgoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone
21.He_____tothefarmyesterday.
A.needgoB.neededgoC.hastogoD.hadtogo
22.HeissostrongthatI_____fightagainsthim.
A.darenotB.diddarenot　C.didn’tdaretoD.darenotto
23.Icouldn’t_____crywhileIwaswatchingthemovie“Tolive　A.helptoB.helpC.helpbutto　D.helpbut
24.TheyaskedTomtogivehimadrink,buthe_____.
A.hadn’tB.wasn’tC.wouldn’tD.could
25.Asphysicsishardenough,I_____studyit.
A.amnotableB.couldn’tC.amnotableto　D.cannot
26.You_____tothemeetingthismorningifyouhavesomethingimportanttodoA.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcome
C.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome
27._____youfetchmesomehotwater?
A.Can　B.MayC.MustD.Might
28.You_____getdownthebusuntilthebushasstopped.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.don’t
29.—Wouldyoucomeandjoinus?
　—IwishI_____.Iambusyatthemoment.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.should
30.You_____right,butIdon’tthinkyouare.
A.maybeB.couldbeC.wouldbeD.shouldbe
31.Shelookssosad.She_____ill.
A.canbeB.shouldbe　C.mustbeD.willbe
32.He_____away.Wedon’tseehimanywherearound.
A.maygoB.mustgoC.cangoD.musthavegone
33.Heismuchricherthanwhathe_____.
A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.usedtobeD.couldbe
34.Thelittlekid_____nottouchthedog.
A.needB.dareC.oughtD.could
35.Iwanttogotothehospital,butyou_____withme.
A.needtonottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgo　D.needgonot
36.Whenhewasold,MrSmith_____sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.
A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.will
37.Mary_____beinLondonbecauseIsawherintownjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.isn’tabletoC.maynotD.cannot
38.Thedoorisstillclosed.He_____thekey.
A.musthavelostB.mustlose　C.needhavelostD.canlost
39.Thebushadleft,sowe_____walkhome.
A.havetoB.oughtC.hadtoD.must
40.You_____seeher,butImust.
A.haven’tB.cannotC.mustn’tD.needn’t
41.“_____youplaybaseball?”“No,I_______”.
A.Can;mayB.Can’t;can’tC.May;can’tD.can;can
42.“______Ihandinthepaperthisweek?”“No,you______.You_____handitinnextweek.
A.Must;needn’t;mayB.will;mustn’t;oughtto
C.Shall;can’t;havetoD.Should;didn’thaveto;can
43.Therewerealready4peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakeJohnaswell.It______acomfortablejourney.
A.can’tbeB.wouldn’tbe
C.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen
44.It’snearlyeighto’clock.They______behereatanymoment.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need
45.“______Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?”“Sorry,you_____.”
A.May;mustn’tB.Must;can’t
C.will;didn’thavetoC.Can;aren’tableto
46.Thebosssaytothesecretary,“Ifyouworkwell,you_____havearise.”
A.shallB.wouldC.mustD.ought
47.Let’ssingasong,______we?
A.willB.can’tC.shallD.do
48.“______yougososoon?”“No,I______goyet.”
AMust;mustn’tB.Shall;won’tC.Can;maynotD.Must;needn’t
49.ThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisn’there.Who__________?
A.couldhavetakenitB.musthavetakenit
C.mighttakeitD.shouldtakeit.
50.“Theywenttothelecture,butithadbeenputoff.”“Oh,sothey_______.”
A.needn’thavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.mustn’thavegoneD.don’tneedtogo
51.“________Ihaveaglassofbeer?”“No,I’mafraidyou________.”
A.Can’t;can’tB.Could;won’tC.May;daren’tD.Shall;may
52.“Isn’tthatTomplayingbasketball?”“It______be;hefellofftheladderyesterdayandgotbadlyhurt.”
A.mustn’tB.wouldrathernotC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
53.“Needhego?”“Yes,he______.”
A.needB.canC.mayD.must
54.Tellmehowyouworkouttheanswer,_______you?
A.canB.willC.don’tD.shan’t
55.Youpromisedyourfriendaletter;yououghtto______daysago.
A.writeB.bewritingC.havewrittenD.bewritten
56.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
57.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for58.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
59.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
60.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
61.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
62.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
63.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
64.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
65._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
66._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
67.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
68.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
69.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
70.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
71.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaught
C.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
72.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
73.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
74.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
75.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
76.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
77.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
78.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
79.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
80.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
81.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
82.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for
83.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
84.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
85.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____.
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
86.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
87.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
88.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
89.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
90._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
91._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
92.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
93.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
94.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
95.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
96.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
97.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
98.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
99.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
100.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
101.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
102.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
103.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
104.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
105.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
参考答案：1—5CBBAA　6—10ADACC　11—15BDCBA　16—20DBAAC21—25DADCC　26—30DACBA　31—35CDCBC36—40ADACD41-45BADCA46-50ACDAA51-55ACDBC56-60.CAABB61-65.BCBCB66-70.CAABDB71—75.CDCCA76-80.ADCDC81-85.CAABB86-90.BCBCB91-95.CAABDB96—100.CDCCA101-105.ADCDC

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