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高二英语OldandNew语法要点归纳

一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性,准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生们有一个良好的课堂环境,帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。那么如何写好我们的教案呢?考虑到您的需要,小编特地编辑了“高二英语OldandNew语法要点归纳”,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

Module6OldandNew词汇、句子、语法要点归纳

一、重难点单词
1.civiladj.民用的,国内的civilsociety文明社会keepaciviltongue说文明话acivilcode民法典acivilcase(suit)民事案件(诉讼)
2.damn.坝,堤,水闸ThreeGorgesDam三峡大坝
3.hydro-electricadj.水力发电的ahydroelectric(power)station水电站
4.reservoirn.水库astoringreservoir贮水池
thereservoirofafountainpen自来水笔的胆
5.structuren.建筑,结构soilstructure土壤结构、thestructureofsociety社会结构
amagnificentmarblestructure宏伟的大理石建筑物
6.terminaln.终点站,候机厅aterminalstation终点站
aterminalexamination大考,学期考试acontainerterminal集装箱码头
7.datevi.始于(某一历史时期)
Hisdeclinedatesfromlastsummer.他身体的衰弱是从去年夏天开始的。
Thischurchdatesbackto1173.这座教堂早在1173年就建成了。
8.accommodatevt.容纳(乘客等)
Thisuniversityauditoriumcanaccommodateoverthreethousandpeople.
这座大学礼堂能容纳三千余人。
atabletoaccommodatetendinners可坐10人的餐桌
awellaccommodatedhotel设施完善的旅馆
9.constructionn.建造,建设,建筑
beunderconstruction正在建造中abridgeofrecentconstruction新近建成的桥
10.relicn.(历史的)遗迹;遗物relicsofanancientcity古城遗迹
unearthedculturalrelicsoftheHanDynasty出土的汉代文物
11.siten.场所,遗址
aconstructionsite工地asuitablesiteforafactory适于造工厂的地点
anucleartestsite核试验场thesiteofanancientcity古城遗址
12.generatevt.发(电)
generateelectricity发电generateresentment导致不满
13.harnessvt.利用,将(自然力)变成动力
harnessahorsetoacarriage把马套在车上harnessariver治河
harnessthelimitlesspowerofthesun利用无穷尽的太阳能
14.historicaladj.历史的,有关历史的ahistoricalevent历史事件
historicalmaterialism历史唯物主义ahistoricalpersonage历史人物
15.narrowadj.狭窄的inanarrowsense在狭义上anarrowmajority勉强的多数
moveinanarrowcircleoffriends生活在狭小的朋友圈子中
haveanarrowescape死里逃生anarrowinspection精密的检查
16.submergevt.浸入水中,淹没Thefloodsubmergedthetown.洪水淹没了市镇。
17.globaladj.全球的Theearthisaglobalmass.地球是一个球形体
theglobalaudience全世界的听众(或观众)theglobalsum总计
18.removevt.迁移,搬迁removethefamilytotheseashore把家搬到海边
Kindlyremovethedishes.请把碗盏端走。removesb’sdoubts消除某人的疑虑
removethetroopstothefront把部队调往前线removeone’shat脱帽
removethecausesofdisease消除疾病的根源
19.freezingadj.冷冰冰的,极冷的
afreezingmachine冷冻机Whatfreezingweather!好冷的天气!
20.ridiculousadj.荒唐的,可笑的aridiculousidea荒谬的(或可笑的)想法
21.foggyadj.有浓雾的afoggymorning多雾的早晨
22.crashvi.(飞机)失事,坠毁Thecarcrashedintoatree.车子哗的一声撞城树上。
Awallcrashedtotheground.墙轰地坍了下来。
Thedoorcrashedopen.门砰的一声开了。Thunderandlightningcrashed.雷电交加。
二、重点短语:
1.datefrom起源于也可以说datebackto/gobackto,常用现在时。
Thecastledatesbacktothe14century.Theprosperityofthefamilydatesfromthewar.
2.holdback阻止
(1)踌躇Buyersareholdingback,makingfewornooffers.买主们不愿出价。
Whendangerscome,nooneholdback.危险来临,无人退缩。
(2)holdsb./sth.back
Hispooreducationisholdinghimback.他的教育程度差阻碍了他的发展。
3.cometrue(梦想等)成为现实
Hisdreamhascometrue.他的梦想实现了。
4.makesense有意义,有道理
Thissentencedoesn’tmakesense.这个句子毫无意义。
5.bringanendto结束,停止也可说成makeanendofsth;putanendtosth.
Wemustputanendtotheseabuses.我们必须除去这些弊端。
三、重点句子
1.IttooksixyearstobuildandcostUS$20billion.
此句中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
e.g.Ittookhimalotofmoneytobuythathouse.
2.AtempleisaplaceofgreatimportancetoBuddhists.
ofgreatimportance相当于veryimportant,类似的有:ofgreatvalue相当于quitevaluable
3.Nowthey’relivingahappynewlifeindifferentareas.
live…life过着……的生活
liveahappylife过快乐的生活liveamiserablelife过悲惨的生活
4.Someofthemarebeingremovedandsomearebeingputintomuseums.
bebeingdone为进行时态的被动语态e.g.Thehouseisbeingpainted.
5.Atthetimeitwasbuilt,ChekLapKokAirportinHongkongwasthebiggestcivilengineeringprojectofalltime.
此句中thetime用作一个连词,可直接引导一个句子。
AtthetimeIlookedather,shewasdoingherjob.也可看成when。
6.Wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandrain.
holdsb.backfromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事
e.g.Hispooreducationisholdinghimback.他的教育程度差阻碍了他的发展。
7.In1945,aUSmilitaryplane,whichwasflyingoverManhattanonafoggyday,crashedintothebuildingjustabovethe78thfloor.
此句中主句为AUSmilitaryplanecrashedintothebuildingjustabovethe78thfloor.
In1945是时间从句,which指代theplane。
onafoggyday此处day有foggy修饰,因此前面要用介词on。
四、语法点拨——定语从句
1.什么叫定语从句?
用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。(它所修饰的词称为先行词)它是形容词性从句。
2.可以引导定语从句的关系词有哪些?
引导定语从句的关系词可分为两类,关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有:that(指人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语);which(指物,在从句中作主语或宾语),who(指人,在从句中作主语或宾语);whom(指人,在从句中作宾语),whose(……的,指人或物的,在从句中作定语)。
关系副词有:when(指时间,在从句中作时间状语);where(指地点,在从句中作地点状语);why(指原因,在从句中作原因状语)。
3.关系词有哪些作用?
关系代词或关系副词有双重作用:一方面起连词作用,连接从句使之与主句发生关系,另一方面它在从句中起一定的句法做用(关系代词可作主语、宾语等;关系副词可做状语)
4.定语从句有哪几种?
定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
△限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句是用来修饰和限制先行词的,是复合句中不可缺少的组成部分。若将它去掉,先行词的意思就不明确,主句也不完整了。
e.g.关系代词引导的
(1)Iknowthegirlthatattendedtheparty.(关系代词作主语)我认识那个参加晚会的女孩。
(2)ThatisthejobthatI’mhuntingfor.(关系代词作宾语)这正是我要找的工作。
(3)Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.关系代词作主语他来自一个很贫穷的家庭。
(4)Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.(关系代词作主语)我遇到了某个说认识你的人。
(5)Isthattheteacherwhomyoureferredto?(关系代词作宾语)这就是那个你说的老师吗?
(6)Confuciusisthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.
(关系代词的定语)孔子是那个影响力非常大的哲学家。
e.g.关系副词引导的
(1)Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.(关系副词作时间状语)
但这也是一个诞生了众多的哲学家的时代。
(2)AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.
(关系副词作地点状语)古代的中国是一个各小国常相互交战的地方。
(3)Often,thereasonwhypeopleareunhappyisthattheydonothaveenoughlove.
(关系副词作原因状语)通常人们不快乐的原因是因为他们得不到足够的爱。
△非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明,若省去也不影响主句的意思,它和主句间常用逗号隔开。
e.g.(1)TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld,whichismorethat6,000kilometreslong.(关系代词作主语)长江是世界上最长的河,它有6000多米长。
(2)SunYat-sen,whowastheleaderof1911Revolution,firstsuggestedtheideain1919.(关系代词作主语)孙中山是最先在1919年提出这个思想的人,他是1911年辛亥革命的领导者。
注意:
(1)介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物,用whom代人。
e.g.HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.他是中国引以为自豪的人。
Thisisthehouseinwhichtheinventorlived.这就是这位发明家曾经住过的房子。
(2)在限定性的定语从句中,当关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时,关系代词可省略。
e.g.Thedam(that)wesawinthefilmwasn’ttheThreeGorgesdam.
我们在电影中看到的大坝不是三峡大坝。
Thestudents(that)ImetnearthereservoirwerefromVietnam.
我在水库附近遇到的学生们来自越南。
(3)在限制性定语从句,当关系代词在从句中担任介词而介词在句尾时,关系代词可以省略。
e.g.Imetaman(who)mygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.
我遇到了30年前和我爷爷一起工作的那个人。
Iwantedtovisitthehouse(that)mygrandparentslivedin.
我想去看看我祖父母曾居住过的房子。
(4)有时为了行文需要,定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。
e.g.Thepeople(whowere)livinginthevillagehavemovedtootherplaces.
以前住在村子里的人们已经搬到其它地方去了。
Theycamefromavillage(thatwas)submergedinthereservoir.
他们来自一个被淹没在水库里的村子。
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高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词做状语


一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐,帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?以下是小编为大家收集的“高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词做状语”仅供参考,希望能为您提供参考!

高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词做状语

Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..
Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.
过去分词作状语:过去分词作状语时,说明动作发生的背景或情况,其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系,表示被动和完成,vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.
1作原因状语,等于as/since/because引导从句
Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…
2作时间状语,等于when引导时间从句,如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生,可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。
Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…
3作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句
Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….
Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…
 4作方式或伴随状语
Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.
Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
5作让步状语
Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he….
6独立主格结构:当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时,分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.
1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…
2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…
3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
Ifweweregivenmoretime,
 4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,
5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,
6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,
现在分词与过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语时,与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)
选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。例如:
Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.
由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.
 在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用
注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态
_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)
______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)
belostin
bedressedin
beinterestedin
bedevotedto
besupposedto?becaughtintherain
beseatedin
bepreparedfor
bedeterminedto
 2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构
generallyspeaking 一般说来
strictly/franklyspeaking严格地说/坦白地说
judgingfrom从…判断
allthingsconsidered从整体来看
takingallthingsintoconsideration 全面看来
例如:Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.
总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)
Practice
1.CompleteeachsentencesusingtheP.P.oftherightverb.
buildfrightentrapfollowshootseeexamine
1________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.
2Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.
3Afterhavingbeen_________carefully,theroomwaslockedagain.
4.______in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.
5_____fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.
6If_____inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.
7Although______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.
练习
1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven
2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
ABeingfoundedBItwasfounded
CFoundedDFounding
3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
AinvitedBinviting
CbeinginvitedDhavinginvited
4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
AHehadbeentoldmanytimes
BHavingbeentoldmanytimes
CToldmanytimes
DAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes
5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
AintroducingBintroduced
CintroduceDbeingintroduced
6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.
Aleave/sendBleft/tosend
Cleft/sendDleaving/send
作介词but,expect,besides的宾语,前面又有实意动词do时,不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.
AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohide
CHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide
8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.
A.following,followingB.followed,followed
C.following,followedD.followed,following
9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.
A.looked;takenB.looking;taken
C.looked;tookD.looking;taking
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtied
C.tobetiedD.tied
11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.Togive
C.GivingD.Havinggiven

高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词做定语表语


高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词做定语表语

1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.
2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.
3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.
4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
单个过去分词作定语,常放在被修饰词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语,常放在被修饰词的后面。
spokenEnglish
=Englishwhichisspoken
terrifiedpeople
=thepeoplewhoareterrified
anorganizedway
=awaythatisorganized
affectedarea灾区
=theareawhichisaffected
stolenculturerelics
=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolen
thebookrecommendedbytheteacher
=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher
printedarticles
=articlesthatareprinted

 1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定语
2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定语
3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表语
4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表语
PastParticipleastheAttribute定语PastParticipleasthePredicative表语
1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified
2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved
3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted
4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded
5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased
6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished
7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken
8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed
9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired
10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrapped
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有许多落叶)
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
(他们中的一些人,在农村出生并长大,从没去过北京)
及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

pollutedwater
=waterwhichispolluted
reservedseats
=theseatswhichwerereserved
trappedanimal
=theanimalwhichwastrapped
不及物动词的过去分词不表被动,只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,含有动作完成,动作结束之含义。
boiledwater
=waterwhichhasboiled
fallenleaves
=theleaveswhichhavefallen
risensun
=thesunwhichhasrisen
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。
Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.这些书是郭敬明写的,深受青少年的喜爱。
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他们中的一些人,在农村出生并长大,从没过北京.
Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天会议上讨论的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.
Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.
Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowacollegestudent.
Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所说的).
Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀请去参加聚会的)werefromSouthAfrica.
Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老师鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生,与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
Consolidation巩固
1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.bought
C.beenboughtD.buying
2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,
thenewly-electedpresidentishaving
ahardtime.
A.settledB.settling
C.tosettleD.beingsettled
3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
C.tobeknownD.known
4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
2)作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如:disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。
Don’tgetsoexcited.别这么激动。

1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱,主要表示动作的完成和状态,此时相当于一个形容词。
2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者,后面常跟by短语。
①Theglassisbroken.
TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
②Thewindowsareclosed.
ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,
surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。
①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?
Theygotveryexcited.
②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?
Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.
③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.
④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.
作表语练习:
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.

 1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
A.paintedB.painting
C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
A.waslosingB.gotlosing
C.grewlostD.gotlost
3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents
are_____him.
A.disappointing;disappointedat
B.disappointing;disappointedabout
C.disappointing;disappointedwith
D.disappointed;disappointingby

 现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义.
现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或完成.
amovingmovie 感人的电影
amovedaudience 被感动的观众
boilingwater 正在烧(煮沸)的水
boiledwater已煮沸的水
developingcountries反展中国家
developedcountries发达国家
fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)
fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)
Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。

高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词作宾补


高二英语语法考点归纳:过去分词作宾补

英语中过去分词可作宾补,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如:
Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态。)
一.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.
Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(谚语:少说多看)
Dontleavesuchanimportantthingundone.
Dontleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.
二.过分词用在get,have,make,的后面。
1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:
A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"
eg:Ihavehadmybikerepaired.
Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.
B)表"遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受....影响,蒙受.....损失"
Eg:Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.
Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.
Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如:
TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.
Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.
 三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如
Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.
Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.
Hefelthimselfcheated.
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.(NMET2000)
四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望,愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如
Thebosswouldntliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.
Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.
Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.
Iwishtheproblemsettled.
五、过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如:
Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.
Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.
Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.
六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补: 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg:Hedidntnoticemewaiting.
IheardthesongsunginEnglish.
Isawhimopeningthewindow.
Isawthewindowopened.
Isawhimopenthewindow.
IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.

专项训练1:
1.___pooratEnglish,ImafraidIcantmakemyself___.
A.Tobe;understandB.Im;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood
2.Ihavehadmybike___,andImgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.
A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing
3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.
A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen
5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.
A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling
6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.(上海1999)
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.(NMET1996)
A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup(putaway放好,储存...备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃)
8.Idontwantthechildren___outinsuchweather.
A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking
9.ImafraidthatIcantmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.
A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied(表动作完成)

 专项训练2:
1.Wefoundhergreatly___.
A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed
2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentists.
A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout
3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(上海2002)
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun(oncebegun在句中作状语,begin为及物动词:“着手”)
6.___,theywenthome,___.
A.Theirworkhadbeenfinished;singingandlaughing
B.Theyhadfinishedtheirwork;sangandlaughed
C.Theirworkfinished;singingandlaughing
D.aftertheirworkfinished;singingandlaughing
7.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword___
A.speakingB.speakC.spokenD.tospeak

8.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
9.___fromspace,theearthwithwater___70%ofitssurfacelookslikea"blueblanket".
A.Seen;coveredB.Beingseen;coversC.Seeing;coveringD.Seen;covering
10.____,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.
A.IfcarefullydoingB.IfitdonecarefullyC.IfcarefullydoneD.Ifdoingcarefully
11.Thegirlwroteacompositionwithout___.
A.askB.askingC.beingaskedD.tobeasked
12.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwenton___me.
A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp
13.___wheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.
A.Havinglosthiswayandnotknowing
B.Losinghiswayanddidntknow
C.Havinglosthiswayanddidntknow
D.Losthiswayanddidntknow
14.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.
A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard
15.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.
A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew
专项训练3:
1.Theyhurriedbackhomeonlytofindtheirhouse___into.
A.breakB.tobreakC.brokenD.breaking
2.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself___onachair,withhishands___back.
A.tosit;tiedB.sitting;tyingC.sat;tiedD.sitting;tied
3.Wedonotfeel___toentermodernbuildings;everythingaboutthemseemsunfriendly.
A.invitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.tobeinvited
(feel后加形容词,此处的invited表主语we的感受)
4.Imgoingtohavemyletters____tomorrowifIvegotthemreadybythen.
A.totypeB.typeC.typedD.typing
5.Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty___inartandliterature.
A.expressedB.toexpressC.beingexpressedD.tobeexpressed
答案:
专项训练1:1-10DCDBACACDD
专项训练2::1-15BBAADDDADCCDDAD
专项训练3::1-5CDACA

高二英语语法知识点归纳:倒装句讲解


高二英语语法知识点归纳:倒装句讲解

1.倒装句的定义:英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,就叫做倒装。
2.倒装句的构成
a)完全倒装
将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,称之为完全倒装。
Areyoufromhere?你是本地人吗?
Nowcomesthechance.机会来了。
b)部分倒装
只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,称之为部分倒装。例如:
Hashecome?他来了吗?
Seldomhavewefeltascomfortableashere.我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Onlyinthiswaycanwedotheworkbetter.
只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。

 3.倒装的原因
a)句子语法结构的需要。例如:
Didyouattendthemeeting?你参加会议了吗?
Longlivepeace!和平万岁!
b)一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Suchwerehislastwords.他最后的话就是这样。
c)强调的需要。倒装以后,句子更加流畅生动。例如:
Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Beforeuslayalotofdifficulties.在我们前面有很多困难。
Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
4.倒装句的基本用法
a)构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外):
Whenarewegoingtodrinktoyourhappiness?我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
Haveyouseenthefilm?你看了那部电影吗?
b)在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副词开头的句子中:
Awaywentthecrowdonebyone.人们一个一个地离去。
Herecomesourteacher!我们的老师来了!
 c)副词only+状语放在句首时:
Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
d)含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little,hardly,never,rarely,nosooner…than等)放在句首时:
LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive.我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
NotuntilNewYear’sDayshallIgiveyouagift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Hardlyhadthetrainarrivedatthestationwhenwerantowardsthesleepingcarlookingforourguests.
火车刚一进站,我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
e)副词so或neither(nor)在句首:
Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI.他对流行歌曲感兴趣,我也如此。
Hehasn’tbeentothecountryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.他没有去过农村,他也不想去那里。
f)在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:
Thusendedhislife.这样结束了他的生命。
Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他讲话的声音那样大,连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
2.so作“也”讲时,引导的句子用倒装语序,例如:
Hewenttothefilmlastnight.SodidI.他昨天晚上去看电影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用,表示一种结果的意思,句子就要用正常语序。例如:
Hismothertoldhimtogotothefilm.Sohedid.他母亲叫他去看电影,他就去了。
“Heisatallthinman.”“Soheis.”“他又高又瘦。”“确实如此。”
3.某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首,以构成倒装结构。例如:
Nomatterhowinterestingthebookis,hedoesntliketoreadit.不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。
Howeverhardasolidmaybe,wecanchangeitsshape.不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形状。
Youngasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他年轻,却知道很多东西。
4.在虚拟语气中,如果非真实条件句省略if,须将主句中的were,had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如:
Wereheyounger(=Ifhewereyounger),hewouldlearnskating.假如他年轻一些,他就会去学溜冰。
Shouldtheyforget(=Iftheyshouldforget)tobringamapwiththem,theywouldgetlostinthewoods
如果他们忘记带一张地图的话,他们就会在深林里迷路。
Hadtheyrealized(=Iftheyhadrealized)howimportantthetaskwas,theywouldn’thaverefusedto
acceptit.假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话,他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。
 单项选择
1.Mybrotherhadacoldlastweek,_________.
A.sohadIB.sodidI
C.IhadsoD.soIhad
2.Notuntil_________home__________hisparentshadbeenillforthreedays.
A.hegot;heknewB.didheget;heknew
C.hegot;didheknowD.didheget;didheknow
3.Inhardlyanysituation________findhersad.
A.thatyoucanB.thatcanyou
C.youcanD.canyou
4.Bequick!_________.
A.ThebuscomeshereB.Herecomesthebus
C.ThebusherecomesD.Hereisthebuscoming
5.In________andthelessonbegan.
A.theteachercameB.theteachercoming
C.cametheteacherD.didtheteachercome
6.Onthewall_________twolargeportraits.
A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging
7.---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?
---Idon’tknow,_________.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcare
C.Idon’tcareneitherD.neitherdon’tIcare
 8.Onlywhen_________howimportantitistomasterEnglish.
A.didIworkIrealizedB.IworkeddidIrealize
C.didIworkdidIrealizeD.IworkedIrealized
9._______inthedarknessthathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
A.SofrightenedhewasB.Sofrightenedwashe
C.HewasfrightenedsoD.Sohewasfrightened
10._______,sheisstillasstrongasyou.
AasoldsheisB.Oldassheis
C.AssheisoldD.Asoldisshe

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