AhealthylifePeriod3 Grammar—theUseof“It”(1)
整体设计
教学内容分析
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar:theuseof“it”.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”isusedfrequentlyinEnglishandhasmanydifferentfunctions.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectorobjectposition,tostandforaninfinitive,-ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime,distance,weather,etc.“It”canalsobeusedforemphasis.
Inthisperiodwewillfocusononlypartofitsusages,thatis,theuseof“it”whenthesubjectofasentenceisaclause,aninfinitive,orthe-ingform.
三维目标设计
Knowledgeandskills
1.Toletthestudentslearntheuseof“it”.
2.Toenablethestudentstouse“it”correctlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1.Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain,pickoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthemandwritesomeontheblackboard.
2.Toaskthestudentstodiscoverhow“it”isusedinvariousways.
3.ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21forstudentstomastertheuseof“it”.
4.Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheuseof“it”.
5.ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage57andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion,attitudeandvalue
1.Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2.Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点
1.Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthepronoun“it”.
2.Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtouse“it”.
教学过程
?Step1 Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:
(1)她对电视入了迷。
(2)虽然有暴风雨,我们依旧准点到达了火车站。
(3)我每次去访问他,他都不在。
Suggestedanswers:
(1)Sheisaddictedtotelevision.
(2)Wearrivedatthestationinspiteofthestorm.
(3)EverytimeIcallonhim,heisout.
?Step2 Warmingup
Askthestudentstorereadthepassageandfindoutthesentenceswiththeword“it”inthem.Forexample:
(1)ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.
(2)ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.
(3)Yourmothertellsmethatyoustartedsmokingsometimeagoandnowyouarefindingitdifficulttogiveitup.
(4)Itmighthelpyoutostopandstrengthenyourresolve.
Askthestudentstothinkabouttheuseof“it”accordingtotheabovefoursentences.
?Step3 Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesof“it”.
1.Thepersonalpronoun“it”andtheimpersonalpronoun“it”.
(1)Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharderbutitdidnthelp.
(2)—Whoisknockingatthedoor?
—Itsme.
(3)Itsaboutfivekilometersfromheretotherailwaystation.
(4)Itsgettingcolderandcoldereveryday.
2.“It”isusedinthesubjectorobjectposition.
(1)Shethoughtitnousetellinghimaboutthat.
(2)IrememberImadeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.
(3)Itsimportanttodopropermemoryworkinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.
(4)Itisnouselearningwithoutthinking.
(5)Itisapitythatyoudidntseesuchagoodfilm.
?Step4 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1.“It”isaveryusefulwordandcanbeusedinmanyways.
2.Thepersonalpronoun“it”cansubstitutesomethingthatismentionedbefore.Insomecertainsituations,“it”canstandforanunidentifiedpersonorababy.
3.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime,distance,weather,etc.
4.“It”canactasasubjectoranobject,whiletherealsubjectorobjectcanbeputbackwardsintheformofaninfinitive,-ingformoraclause.
?Step5 Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises:
1.Rewritethesentencesusing“it”structuresgiven.
(1)Givingupsmokingisdifficult.(Itis...)
(2)Mostpeoplebelievesmokingcausescancer.(Itisbelieved...)
(3)Thenightwasdarkandstormywhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.(Itwasa...)
(4)Dontquitonastressfulday.(Itsnouse...)
Suggestedanswers:
(1)Itisdifficulttogiveupsmoking.
(2)Itisbelievedthatsmokingcausescancer.
(3)Itwasadarkandstormynightwhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.
(4)Itisnousetryingtoquitonastressfulday.
2.DotheremainingexercisesinExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage21.
3.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually,andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners,andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6 Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
1.it作形式主语的几种句型
①It+be+形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)+for/of+sb.todosth.
②It+be+形容词/名词(difficult/necessary/arule/aduty)+thatclause
③It+be+过去分词(said/reported/known)+thatclause
④It+be+形容词/名词(useless/nouse/nogood)+doing
⑤It+takessb.sometime+todosth.
⑥It+seems/appears+thatclause
⑦It+seems/appears+asifclause
2.it作形式宾语的特殊用法。某些及物动词或短语不能加宾语从句,此时须先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句。此种用法常用于like,dislike,hate,appreciate,dependon,seeto等后。如:
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.
Illappreciateitifyouclosethedoorforme.
Ilikeitintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.
3.it引起的几个易混的时间句型
1)Itstimeforsb.todosth.和Its(about/high)timethatsb.didsth.(shoulddosth.)。例如:
Itstimeforustogotobed.
Its(about/high)timethatwewent/shouldgotobed.
注意:Its(about/high)timethat句型中,谓语动词须用虚拟语气,即用动词的过去式或“should+动词原形”(should不能省略)。
(2)It/This/Thatis+thefirst/secondtime+thatsb.has/havedonesth.和It/This/Thatwasthefirst/secondtimethatsb.haddonesth.例如:
Thisisthefourthtimethatshehasrungyoutoday.
ItwasthesecondtimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.
(3)Itwillbelong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.do/doessth.和Itwaslong/hours/days/yearsbeforesb.didsth.例如:
Itwillbetwoyearsbeforewemeetagain.
ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagainlastnight.
(4)Itis/hasbeen+years/days/weekssincesb.didsth.和Itwasyears/days/weekssincesb.haddonesth.例如:
—Whatwasthepartylike?
—Wonderful.ItsyearssinceIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.
ItwasyearssinceIhadbegantolearnEnglish.
(5)Itis/was+具体时间点+whenclause。例如:
Its6oclockwhenIgohomefromschooleveryday.
Itwasfiveoclockwhentheyfinishedthejob.
注意:在本结构中,when引导的从句是定语从句,具体时间点是先行词。
?Step7 Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1.TherearemanysentencepatternsinEnglishwith“it”inthem.“It”hasmanyfunctions.
2.When“it”actsasasubjectoranobject,therealsubjectorobjectcanappearintheformofaninfinitive,-ingformoraclause.Theimpersonalpronoun“it”canbeusedtotalkabouttime,distance,weather,etc.
?Step8 Playingagame
1.Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2.Letstudentsplaythegame“Whatisit?”.Spendsometimemakingupcluestoidentifyseveralobjects/illnesses/habitsinthisunit.Thenreadyourcluestoyourpartnerandseeifhe/shecanidentifythem.Choosethebestonestoreadtotheclass.
EXAMPLES:
Itisabadhabitforbothmalesandfemales.
Itissomethingyoushouldntstartbecauseyouwillbeaddictedtoit.
Itissomethingwhichisillegal.
Itisaveryexpensivehabitandsoitwillwasteyourmoney.
?Step9 Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1.Ittookusoveranhour______alongthestreet.
A.walk B.towalk
C.walking D.walked
2.Ithinkitagreathonor______tovisityourcountry.
A.toinviteB.inviting
C.havinginvitedD.tobeinvited
3.Manypeoplenowmake______aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.
A.themselvesB.it
C.thatD.this
4.______isverycleartoeveryonethatheisroundandtalllikeatree.
A.ThisB.What
C.ThatD.It
5.IntheUnitedStates,bustraveldoesntcostmuchastraintravel,______?
A.donttheyB.doesit
C.dothey D.doesntit
6.Someoneisatthedoor;whois______?
A.thisB.that
C.it D.he
7.______raininghardforthreehourswithoutstopping.
A.ItisB.Itwas
C.Ithasbeen D.Ithadbeen
8.—Hastheboygothisbicyclenow?
—Yes,thepolicegave______.
A.himtohimB.ittoit
C.ittohim D.himtoit
9.Itisimportant______theiroffer.
A.reject B.rejects
C.toreject D.rejecting
10.Has______beendecidedwhenwearetoholdthesportsmeeting?
A.thatB.this
C.it D.what
11.Willyouseeto______thattheluggageisbroughtback?
A.which B.it
C.thisD.that
12.Whatshesaiddiscouragedyou,______?
A.didit B.didntit
C.didshe D.didntshe
13.____________(已经有三年了)sincehisfatherpassedaway.
14.____________(不久)thepolicearrived.
15.____________(已经八点了)whenhegothome.
16.____________(应该……的时候了)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.
17.____________(这是第一次)thattheseEuropeanshavevisitedtheGreatWall.
Suggestedanswers:
1~5BDBDB 6~10CCCCC 11~12BB
13.Itis/hasbeenthreeyears
14.Itwasnotlongbefore
15.Itwasalreadyeightoclock
16.Itis(high)timethat
17.Itisthefirsttime
?Step10 Homework
FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
Period3Grammar
了解并掌握-ed做定语及表语
★预习案PreviewingCasew
Translatethesentenceswiththepastparticiplesfromthereadingpassageandrecitethem.
①DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon...
②Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
③JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremove...
④Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.
⑤Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood.
⑥Hegotinterestedintwotheories.
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充当________、________、________等成份。本单元仅谈其作______和________的用法。
★探究案ExploringCase
探究点一:过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
1、前置定语:
A类:被动意义:
an___________guest=a__________guest一位受尊敬的客人
The___________workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
B类:完成意义:
a_________teacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthe_________leavesintheyard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
总结:________的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之______,作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。
2、后置定语:
Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten(=thathaseverbeenwritten).
Whoweretheguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?
总结:过去分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之______,作后置定语,作用相当于一个____________。
3、注意:①如被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing,-one,-body以及those等,分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Heisoneofthosekidnapped.他是那些被绑架的人之一。
你还有什么没完成的事吗?
______________________________________________________________?
②单个分词也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。?
Theydecidedtochangethematerialused.他们决定更换使用的材料。
③不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成,无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。
_______leaves落叶______leaves正在下落的树叶
a_________country发达国家a________country发展中国家
the_______water(凉)开水?the_______water沸水?
探究点二:过去分词作表语
Theteacherseemedquitedelightedattheidea.
Whenweheardofthestory,weweredeeplymoved.
过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。
注意:①作表语的过去分词,________的意味很弱,主要表示动作的_______和某一_______,相当于一个形容词。
Theboatisbroken.Thestreetiscrowded.
②表示______的过去分词:disappointed,excited,surprised,pleased…
表示______的过去分词:lost,known,married,dressed,gone,drunk…
Latertheyfoundthattheywerelost.Thehappytimeisgone.
常见的作表语的过去分词:
amused(愉快的);connected(连接的);broken(碎了的);closed(关闭的);astonished(吃惊的);covered(覆盖的);crowded(拥挤的);delighted(高兴的);;dressed(穿着的);drunk(喝醉的);experienced(有经验的);worried(担忧的);interested(感兴趣的);tired(疲劳的);satisfied(满意的);surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的),等
③过去分词作表语:强调____________________
被动语态:强调____________________
Myglassesarebroken.(________)
Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittledaughter.(________)
Hewassurprisedatthenews.(________)
Iwasgreatlysurprisedbyaknockatthedoor.(________)
★练习PracticeChoosethebestanswers.
1.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAmerica.(MET1990)
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.(NMET1998)
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
3.Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
4.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases______onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
5.Hearingloudknocksatthedoor,Samgot______andopenedittofindwhoitwas.
A.dressedB.dressingC.dressD.beingdressed
6.Allpeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______atthesurprisingnews.
A.tosurpriseB.surprisedC.beingsurprisedDsurprise
7.Theynowhaveagovernment,______byallthepeople.
A.havingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.tobesupported
8.______in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.(2000)
A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
PreviewingCase
Task1
Task2.过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。
ExploringCase
探究点一1.
anhonored/respectedguest
Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.
2.aretiredteacher一位退休的教师
Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.
Doyouhaveanythingunfinished?你还有什么没完成的事吗?
fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在下落的树叶
adevelopedcountry发达国家adevelopingcountry发展中国家
theboiledwater(凉)开水?theboilingwater沸水?
二、
情绪;状态
①被动;完成;状态
②情绪;状态
③主语所处的状态
主语所承受的动作
Practiceafterclass
Keys:1–8ACDDABCC
作为优秀的教学工作者,在教学时能够胸有成竹,教师要准备好教案,这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础,帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。所以你在写教案时要注意些什么呢?经过搜索和整理,小编为大家呈现“LivingwellPeriod3 Grammar”,但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。
LivingwellPeriod3 Grammar
Teachingaims
1.Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.
2.Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures
?Step1 Revision
AskseveralstudentstoretellMartysstory.ShowMartysminibiographyonthePowerPoint.
Myminibiography
Name
MartyFielding
Status
Highschoolstudent
Health
Developedamusclediseaseattheageof10,veryweak,cannotdothingslikenormalpeople
InterestsandHobbies
·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming
·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends
·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits,aparrot,atankfulloffishandatortoise
Ambition
Toworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware
Motto
Liveonedayatatime?Step2 Discoveringusefulstructures
1.基本概念
不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,而且不能单独用作谓语,但仍旧有动词的特点,即可有自己的宾语和状语,构成不定式短语,使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。
2.基本形式
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
进行式
tobedoing
/
完成进行式
tohavebeendoing
/
否定形式
nottodo
nottobedone
疑问词+不定式
wh-todo
wh-tobedone
复合结构
sb.todo/forsb.todo
/3.句法功能
不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语,还可以有自己的逻辑主语,即forsb.todosth.。
Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)
Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_
access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)
Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)
Idonthavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)
Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)
Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)
Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)
Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)
SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)
Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)
4.不定式的时态与语态
根据需要,不定式可以有一般式(todo),完成式(tohavedone),完成进行式(tohavebeendoing),进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。
Hedidntallowustogohomeearly.
他不允许我们早回家。
Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.
他好像看过这部电影。
Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.
据说她住在该城市六年了。
Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.
当他母亲进来的时候,小男孩假装在读书。
Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.
据说他几年前在国外学习过。
Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
据说此书已被译成了多种语言。
[注意]
1.Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.
afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,choose,claim,come,consent,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,elect,endeavor,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hesitate,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,say,seem,tend,threaten,want,wish
Forexample:
Icantaffordto_gotothepub.
Heagreedto_practice_more.
Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.
Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.
2.Explanationofthegerundandtheinfinitive
Somewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe-ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.
(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)
Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs:
begin
Hebegantalking.
Hebegantotalk.
continue
Theycontinuesmoking.
Theycontinuetosmoke.
hate
DoyouhateworkingonSaturdays?
DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays?
like
Ilikeswimming.
Iliketoswim.
love
Shelovespainting.
Shelovestopaint.
prefer
Patpreferswalkinghome.
Patpreferstowalkhome.
start
Theystartsinging.
Theystarttosing.
Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund:verb+-ing
Infinitive:verb+person+to-infinitive
advise
Theyadvisewalking_totown.
Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.
allow
Theydonotallowsmokinghere.
Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.
encourage
Theyencourage_doing_thetest.
Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.
permit
Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.
Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend:
recommend
Theyrecommendwalking_totown.
Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.
GERUND
INFINITIVE
forget
Hellneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。
Dontforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.
不要忘记用钱去买票。
goon
Goonreadingthetext.
继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)
Goonto_read_thetext.
继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)
mean
Youhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.
你又忘记做家庭作业了,这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。
Imeantto_phoneyourmother,butmymobiledidntwork.
我本打算打电话给你妈妈,但是我的手机坏了。
remember
Irememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.
我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。
Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.
当你去度假时,记得把灯关掉。
stop
Stopreading_thetext.
停止读这篇文章。
Stopto_read_thetext.
停下来读这篇文章。
try
Whydontyoutryrunning_afterthedog?
你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢?
Itriedto_runafterthedog,butI...
我竭尽全力跟着狗跑,但是……?Step3 Drilling
AskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.
Keys:tohavekeptyouwaiting;tohaveforgotten;tohavefinished;
AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.
Keys:tohavespent;Tofree;tosee;totreat;tohelppass;toabolish
?Step4 Usingtheinfinitive
AskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.
1.我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。
2.在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。
3.我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。
4.幸运的是,我们没有更多的活儿要做。
5.海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。
6.她事业有成,现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。
Suggestedanswers:
1.Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.
2.Itsveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.
3.Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.
4.Luckily,wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.
5.Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.
6.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.
?Step5 Homework
FinishoffExercises2and3onP49.
一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么,你知道高中教案要怎么写呢?下面是小编精心收集整理,为您带来的《RobotsPeriod3 Grammar》,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。
Period3 GrammarTeachingaims
1.Revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.
2.Beabletousetheusefulwords,expressionsandstructurescorrectly.
Teachingprocedures
?Step1 Revision
Askstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.
1.WhatwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife,Claire?
2.HowdidLarryBelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?
3.HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?
4.WhatdidTonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn?
5.HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?
6.WhathappenedtoTonyatlast?
Suggestedanswers:
1.TherobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife,Claire.
2.Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.
3.Shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.
4.Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.
5.Shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.
6.Tonyhadtoberebuilt.
?Step2 Grammarlearning
1.不定式的被动形式
当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种:一般式和完成式。
(1)一般式:tobedone,表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。
Itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.
很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。
Thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.
据说这本小说下月要出版。
(2)完成式:tohavebeendone,表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。
Thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.
这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。
Thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.
老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。
被动
一般式
tobedone
完成式
tohavebeendone2.不定式被动形式的作用
(1)作主语
Itsanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.
很荣幸被邀请赴宴。
Itsapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.
在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。
(2)作表语
Theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.
这封信笺要空邮。
(3)作宾语
Shedidntliketo_be_treatedasachild.
她不喜欢被当成孩子。
Theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.
那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。
(4)作宾语补足语
Idlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.
我想整理一下我的卧室。
(5)作定语
Hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.
他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。
(6)作状语
Hismotherleftthesmallvillage,never_to_be_seenagain.
他母亲离开了那个小山村,再也没有人见过她。
3.不定式有些要注意的地方
(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to,但在变成被动语态后需要加上to,能这样用的动词或动词词组有:make,have,let,see,hear,notice,listento,watch等。如:
Weoftenseehimactlikethat.=Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.
我们常常看到他那样做。
(2)在canthelpbut,havenothingtodobut结构中,介词but后的不定式省去to。如:
Icant_help_butsuspecthismotive.
我不禁怀疑起他的动机。
Ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchTV.
我没什么事情可做,除了看电视。
(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义
①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式,一般用主动形式表示被动意义,其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。如:
Theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.
工作不可能两天之内完成。
Englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.
英语并不好学。
②一些固定用法,如“挨骂,受责备,受批评”用betoblame;“(东西等)出租”用tolet。
Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.
他应为他所做的受责备。
Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。
?Step3 Exercises
1.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.
A.breaking B.havingbroken
C.tohavebroken D.tobreak
2.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.
A.tobebreathedB.tobreathe
C.breathing D.beingbreathed
3.______theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
A.Completing B.Complete
C.Completed D.Tocomplete
4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.
A.tosee B.tobeseen
C.seeing D.seen
5.Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.
A.totell B.tobetold
C.telling D.told
6.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth;sheappears______everything.
A.totell B.tobetold
C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold
7.LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.
A.tobetaken B.totake
C.beingtaken D.taking
8.Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.
A.make;usingB.making;using
C.making;useD.make;use
9.Withalotofproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.
A.settled B.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettled
Keys:1~5CBDBB 6~9DAAC?Step4 Drilling
AskstudentstodoExercise1onPage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.
Keys:
Exercise1
betestedout,beharmed,beoffered,wasamazed,wasnotallowed,bediscovered,becompletelytransformed,wereimpressed,beenvied,berebuilt
AskstudentstodoExercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.
Keys:
Exercise2
1.tobedesigned 2.toberebuilt 3.tobeaccompanied 4.tobeknownas 5.tobefilledwith 6.tobetestedout 7.tobeenvied 8.tobesetaside
?Step5 Usingthepassiveinfinitive
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.
1.那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。
2.下周末前,这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。
3.不要着急,你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。
4.你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。
5.刚刚出了一起事故,不过没有必要惊慌,没有人受伤。
6.虽然她考得不错,但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。
7.当在医院进行大手术的时候,她得到了家人的关爱和支持,为此她感到非常高兴。
8.他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。
9.他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起,总共3500元。
10.没有主力队员的参与,他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。
Suggestedanswers:
1.ThatbookontheHolyBibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.
2.Thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.
3.Dontworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.
4.Yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.
5.Therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.Nobodyhasbeenhurt.
6.Althoughshehaddonewell,sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.
7.Shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.
8.Hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.
9.Headdedthe2000yuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered,making3500yuaninall.
10.Withouttheirkey/leadingplayer,theyreboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.
?Step6 Homework
FinishoffExercises1and2onPage56.
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