古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。作为教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么如何写好我们的教案呢?小编收集并整理了“高考英语二轮复习语法专题”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
定语从句
一、基本概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
注意:
(1)定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;
(2)定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
(3)★引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as
★关系副词有:when,where,why.
二、关系词的用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:
关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词引导定语从句时,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
指代对象
在从句中所做的成分
人
物
人+物
可否省略
主语
who/that
which/that
that
不可
宾语
who/whom/that
which/that
that
可
表语
that
that
that
可
定语
whose/ofwhom
whose/ofwhich不可
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
Thisistheroomthat/whichShakespearewasbornin.
注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。
1.★作定语用whose=the+n+ofofwhich
=ofwhichthe+n
(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.
(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
注意:“介词+whose+名词”引导定语从句。如:
Ilovemymotherland,forwhosegoodfutureIwillworkhard.
门是蓝色的那间房是我的。2.★作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如:
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.
3、★as在定语从句中的用法:::as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1).as引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。例
Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(2)as引导限制性定语从句多与such、so或thesame连用,它可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.
Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.
(3).as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面、中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。例如:
Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknowntoeveryone.
注意:★thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。例如:
ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。(相似物)
ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。(同一物)
(二)关系副词的用法:
1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?
注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如:
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.
Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.
2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place,spot,street,house,room,city等,
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.
3.why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如:
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.
(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when=on(in,at,during…)+which;
where=in(at,on…)+which;
why=forwhich.如:
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.
2.★当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where试比较:
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.
3.when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。4.★as和which引导定语从句的区别
有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。如:
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象……那样”。
(3)as引导的非限制性定语从句表示积极的意义,与主句是顺理成章的关系,绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示消极的意义,则只用which。如:
Hehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事业中成功了,这正是我们大家所希
Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了,这使得她很悲伤。
(4)当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时,只能用which,而不可用as。如:
Hehasanewcomputer,forwhichhepaidnearlytenthousandYuan.
(5)当关系代词代替主句中的宾语从句或复合结构(如:宾+补;不定式短语;动词-ing形式短语等)时,一般只能用which,而不用as。如:
Shetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrue。
HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.
(6)关系代词仅代表主句中的谓语部分时,从句中谓语部分被省略而只保留情态动词的否定式或助动词否定式,引导词一般只用which,而不用as。如:
HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcan’t.
(7)关系代词作定语修饰后面的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.
(8)关系代词仅代表主句中单个的名词时,一般只用which,而不用as。如:
Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.
(9)as在非限制性定语从句中,还常跟such连用。如:
Therewasalookofloveintheteacher’seyes,suchasmothershavefortheirchildren.老师眼里流露出对他喜爱的神情,就好像母亲对孩子的喜爱。
(10)as常用于一些固定结构中。如:
asiswellknown/asweallknow众所周知;
asissaidabove正如上面所说;
asmightbeimagined正像所想象的那样;
asisreported如报道所说;
ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那样;
asisexpected正如所料。
5.在正式文体中,以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以inwhich或that引导,如:
Thewayinwhichyouansweredthequestionswasadmirable.
但在非正式文体中,人们通常省略inwhich或that:
Theway(inwhich)hespoketouswassuspicious.
Idon’tliketheway(that)youlaughather.四.关系词的选择
1.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词作主语,只能用who指人,which指物;关系代词做宾语,常用whom(口语中有时用who)指人,which指物,它们都不能用that代替。
2.关系代词作介词宾语,不论是在限制性定语从句中,还是在非限制性定语从句中,当介词前置时,只能用whom指人,which指物;但如果介词后置,则不受这种限制,关系代词还可以省去,特别是在口语中。如:
Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?
Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?
Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.
3.★在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,关系词可用which或that,二者常可以互换;但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:
(1)当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(2)当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如:
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
(3)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如:
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
(4)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时,如:
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
(5)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如:
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
(6)当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如:
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
4.在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系词可用who(m)或that,二者常可互换。
但在下列情况中,用who(m),而不用that:
(1)当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等词时。如:
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
注:在非正式文体中可以说:You’retheonethatknowswheretogo.)
(2)当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。如:
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
注:在固定结构的谚语或习语中,可用hethat…。如:
Hethatpromisestoomuchmeansnothing.
(3)当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如:
Doyouknowthewriterinbluewiththickglasseswhoisspeakingatthemeeting?
(4)在分隔式定语从句中,若先行词指人,为了明确修饰关系,应当用who(m)。如:
AnewmasterwillcametomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwho/whomIwantedtosee.
Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词,第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导,如:
SheistheonlygirlIknowwhocanplaytheguitar.
5.★在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,在下列情况中,一般用关系词that:
(1)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如:
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。如:
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
6.当先行词被thesame所修饰时,关系词既可以用as,也可以用that。在表示具体事物时,有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来,表示同一种类多用as,表示同一事物多用that。
如:ThisisthesameinstrumentthatIusedyesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。
ThisisthesameinstrumentasIusedyesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。
7.当先行词前有such,so,as时,关系词应当用as。如:
Awisemanseldomtalksaboutsuchthingsashedoesn’tunderstand.
HespokeinsucheasyEnglishaseverybodycouldunderstand.
Atthistimeoftheday,allbusesandtrolleyshavetocarryasmanypassengersastheycan.
Itissoeasyabookaseveryschoolboycanread.
Let’sdiscusssuchthingsaswecantalkoffreely.
注意的问题:★★★
1、theonlyoneof+n+定语从句(用单数谓语动词)
oneof+the+n+定语从句(用复数动词)
2、such……as引导定语从句与such……that引导结果状语从句
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.
ThisbookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishthatbeginnerscanunderstandit.
3、当situation,condition,stage,point,scenes做先行词时,用where引导定语从句
4、when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age,occasion等时间名词
Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
5、where引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句:)
Pleasemakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestion.(从句:)
6、theway做先行词时,关系词的选择应根据theway在定语从句中所做的成分来决定
Idon’tliketheway_______heistreated
Theway___________youthoughtoftosolvetheproblemisveryuseful
Pleasefindaway_________isthekeytosolvingtheproblem
7、thereason做先行词时,关系词的选择应根据thereason在定语从句中所做的成分来决定
Thereason_____IwaslatewasthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam
Idon’tbelievethereason_________hegaveforhisbeinglate
8、介词+which引导的定语从句中介词的选择:9.在下列情况下,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
(1)定语从句的主语是few,little,some,most,many,much等时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。
Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdon’tknow.
Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.
(2)定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Theoldmanhasthreechildren,twoofwhomarecollegestudentsandoneofwhomisamanager.那个老人有三个小孩,其中两个是大学生,另一个是经理。
(3)定语从句的主语是all,none,both,neither,each等不定代词时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Heplantedtwotreeslastyear,bothofwhicharegrowingwell.
(4)在定语从句中作表语的定语时,一般只用ofwhom和ofwhich。如:
Hehasthreebrothers,ofwhomLiLeiistheyoungestone.
TherearemanycountriesinAsia,ofwhichChinaisthelargestone.
10、表示部分与整体ofwhich/whom
在非限制性定语从句中,★表示“部分与整体”的关系时,用…ofwhich/whom或者ofwhich/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数,也可以是few,several,some,half,many,much,most,all,none,either,neither,aquarter,anumber,thelarger,thesmallest,themajority等。
Ourschoolhas80teachers,50ofwhom(=ofwhom50)arewomen.
Hehaslotsofbooks,mostofwhichareEnglishones.
注意这里的ofwhich不能用whose代替,这与表示所属关系的ofwhich不同:
Theroomthedoorofwhich(=whosedoor)isbluebelongstome.
11、注意:先行词虽然是时间或地点,但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词。
(1)Thefactorywherehisfatherworkedhasclosed.(作状语)
比较:Thefactorywhich/thatwasbuiltin1978hasclosed.
(2)I’llneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(作状语)
比较:I’llneverforgetthedays(that)wespentinAustralia.(作及物动词spent的宾语)
(3)Thereason(why)shewasillwasthatshehadeatenbadmeat.(作状语,用关系副词)
比较:Thereason(that)hegaveforhisabsencewasobviouslyfabricated.(作gave的宾语,用关系代词)
12、★关系词的选择方法
(1)一看先行词的意义
即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因,如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2)二看关系词的句法功能
即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等,
如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when,where,why。
注意,不要一看到先行词为表时间、地点、原因的名词,就认为一定要用when,where,why来引导定语从句,要注意分清它们在定语从句充当什么成分。如
Iforgetthetimewhenhewillcome.(when引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作状语)
Iforgetthetimethathetoldme.我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作宾语)
Thereasonwhyhecan’tcomeisthatheisill.
他不能来的原因是他病了。(why引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作状语)
Thereasonthathetoldmeisnottrue.
他告诉我的原因不真实。(that引导定语从句,在定语从句中用作宾语)
(3)三看定语从句的种类
即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句,如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。注意,不要一看到逗号就认为是非限制性定语从句。如:
Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher,_______willcauserealtrouble.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
此题答案是A,不是B。尽管空格前有逗号,但这并不是非限制性定语从句,所以不能填which。正确的理解是:Ifyou’vereallysaidthattoher是一个条件状语从句,逗号后的句子是主句,空格处填that用作主句主语
12、★关系代词做定语从句的主语时,从句谓语动词的形式与先行词一致。
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman
13、★定语从句与强调句的区别的诀窍:
★若将Itiswasthatwho去掉而句中不缺成分,结构完整,说明原句是强调句型。若结构不完整,说明原句为定语从句。
Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
14、定语从句与同位语从句的区别:
定语从句50题
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildrensPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______Illneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______wellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.
A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom
13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.whosC.whichD.whose
14.Iminterestedin______youhavesaid.
A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which
15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
16.Heisntsuchaman______heusedtobe.
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as
17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim
19.Idontlike______asyouread.
A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels
20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who
22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.
A.themB.whichC.whomD.who
23.Youretheonlyperson______Iveevermet______coulddoit.
A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who
24.Ilostabook,______Icantremembernow.
A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat
25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.
A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what
26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.
A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./
29.Thisisthereason______hedidntcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.
A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafter
C.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter
31.Thereason______hedidntcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.
A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who
33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.
A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich
34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.
A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich
35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it
37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.
A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich
38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.
A./B.whyC.whenD.whose
40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.
A.thatB.whichC.itD.though
41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?
---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.
A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that
42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwith
thefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.
A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which
43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.
A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.
A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that
47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?
A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere
48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.
A.asB.thatC.whatD.who
49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.
A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich
50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.
A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen参考答案及解析
1.A.which用作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
2.C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词,作介词to的宾语,可以省略。
3.D.where是关系副词,表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
4.C.when是关系副词,表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
5.A.which是关系代词,在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6.C.解析同第5题。
7.A.解析见第3题。
8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此,关系代词that是负数概念,其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the,则theone应该视为先行词。
9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词,其后要用which作宾语,不能用that。
10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.
11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.
12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.
13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词,而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后,也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.
19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.
20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.
23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich
25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".
26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.
27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中,常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where,而that常可省略。
29.D.forwhich在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why来替代.
30.B.whichIhavelookedafter构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型,这一句中的why和that不能随意换位,也不能将that改成because,尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。
32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33.A.解释见28题.
34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.bothofwhich用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配,其中such和same修饰其后的名词,as为关系代词,指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37.D.
38.D.解析见35题.
39.A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.
40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.
41.A.whathappened是宾语从句.all之后thatheknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43.C.本句话的定语从句是whoowncars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是Thenumberof指“…..的数目”,是单数概念。因此,主句的谓语动词要用is。
44.D.thatfollowed是定语从句,关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45.A.先行词gas被only修饰,关系代词要用that,而不用which。
46.B.throughwhich引导定语从句,throughwhich即throughthehole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句,并作从句的主语。
47.B.为便于理解,改写本句话:ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不难看出,作表语的theschool是先行词。that引导了定语从句,因为that同时又作visited的宾语,所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48.A.解释见35题。
49.C.因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此,C是正确选项。
50.B.本句话中,主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此,其谓语应用单数的hasbeen。关系代词that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。
必修2模块1复习语法练习的学案
IMultipleChoices
1Darkcloudsaregathering.It_____rain.
AwillBisgoingto
CshouldDisto
2Myyoungersister_____be16yearsoldnextyear.
AwillBisgoingto
CshouldDisto
3----Whoisgoingtocleantheblackboard?
-----____________.
AI’mgoingtoBIwillnot
CIwantDIwill
4Hundredsofjobs______ifthefactorycloses.
AloseBwillbelost
CarelostDwilllost
5I’vewonaholidayfortwoweekstoFlorida.I______mymum.
AamtakingBhavetaken
CtakeDwillhavetaken
6Becausetheshop_____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.
AhascloseddownBcloseddown
CisclosingdownDhadcloseddown
7Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou______advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.
AareoftenseeingBoftensee
CwilloftenseeDhaveoftenseen
8-----You’veleftthelighton.
------Oh,soIhave.______andturnitoff.
AI’llgoBIhavegone
CIgoDI’mgoingto
9Atthistimetomorrow_______overtheAtlantic.
AwearegoingtoflyBwewillbeflyingCwe’llflyDwe’retofly
10Ithinkitisyourbrotherwho_____forthebrokenglass.
AwillbepunishedBwillpunish
CpunishDpunishes
11I_____gotothebedwhenthedoorbellrang.
AwasgoingtoBwasto
CwasabouttoDwould
12Iwillwaitattheschoolgateuntilshe_____.
AcomesbackBiscoming
CwillcomebackDcomeback
13Ifhe_____tocollege,he____alotmore.
Awillgo;willlearn
Bwillgo;isgoingtoleave
Cgoes;isgoingtolearn
Dgoes;willlearn
14-----Writetomewhenyougethome.
--------________
AImustBIshouldCIwillDIcan
15Assoonashecomesback,Iwilltellhimwhen______andseehim.
AyouwillcomeBwillyoucome
CyoucomeDdoyoucome
16Let’skeeptothepointorwe_____anydecisions.
AhaveneverreachedBwillneverreachCneverreachDneverreached
17----CanIjoinyourclub,Dad?
-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitolder
AgetBwillget
CaregettingDwillhaveget
18Iamratheranxious______her,forIhaven’theardfromherforalongtime.
AtowardsBoverCinDabout
19Ihave_______foraboutamonth.
AcaughtacoldBhadacold
ChaveacoldDcatchacold
20Make_____thatheisathomebeforeyoucallonhim.
AsureBsureof
CofDout
21Wesawhim_____thebuildingandgoupstairs.
AtoenterBenter
CenteringDentered
22Sheisalways_____nutsheneverseemstoloseanyweight.
AeatingBdieting
CdrinkingDspeaking
23People_____tovisittheparkmaysignuphere.
AwishBwished
CarewishingDwishing
24Mr.Smithlooksveryfit.Hetakes_____everyday.
AmanyexercisesBmuchexercise
ClittleexerciseDfewexercises
25Weareopenduring_______workinghours.
AordinaryBgeneral
CnormalDusual
26Theenemyarmy____thesmallvillageinordertotakeitbysurprise.
AwasheadingBwasheadingfor
CwasheadingonDwasheadingupon
27Mymotherhasalwaysmadesure____veryhealthy.
AuseatingBustoeat
CweeatDoureating
28Iam____oftheclassteamatschoolandIamalso____oftheSeniorHighteam.
Acaptain,memberBcaptain;amemberCthecaptain;memberDacaptain,member
29I’dlike_____apersonalcomputer.
AowningBownCtowonDowned
30Theseriously___peopleintheaccidentweretakentohospitaltobetreated.
AinjuringBinjuredChurtingDhurt
Translation
1为了保持健康,我每天进行一小时的锻炼。
2他们说Tom与那次车祸有联系。
3ZhouKai在中学时就迷恋上了足球
4由于他发烧,医生告诉他多喝点水。
5我很幸运我喜欢甜食。
6三个月前,他在踢足球时腿骨折了。
7我妈妈总是想方设法让我们吃得健康。
8下个月我们要进行演讲比赛。
9他们打算在北京度假。
10冬天来时,天会变得越来越冷。
Keys
选择1-5BAABA6-10CCABA11-15CADCA16-20BCDBA21-25BBDBC26-30BCBCB
Translation(40%)
1Itakeone-hourexerciseadaytokeepfit.
2TheysaidTomwasconnectedwiththataccident.
3ZhouKaihasbeencrazyaboutfootballsincehewasinJuniorHugh.
4Thedoctortoldhimtodrinkmorewaterbecausehehadafever.
5IamluckybecauseIhaveasweettooth.
6Threemonthsagohebrokehislegplayingfootball.
7Mymotherhasalwaysmadesureweeathealthily.
8Wearegoingtoholdaspeechcompetition.
9TheyaregoingtogotoBeijingforaholiday.
10Whenthewintercomes,itwillbecomecolderandcolder
一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,作为教师就要早早地准备好适合的教案课件。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,帮助教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?急您所急,小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“高二英语必修3Unit3必会单词短语汇总(人教版)”,但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。
高二英语必修3Unit3必会单词短语汇总(人教版)
1.knowabout了解关于…...事
2.makeabet打赌
3.winorlosethebet在打赌中赢或输
4.havebadluck运气不好
5.stepinside走进里面
6.leadtheway带路
7.Iwonderif...我想知道是否…...
8.gorightahead说下去
9.asamatteroffact事实上
10.byaccident偶然
11.sailoutofthebay驶出海湾
12.stareat盯着
13.towardsnightfall到夜幕降临时
14.carry…outtosea把…带到了大海
15.giveoneselfupforlost因为迷路而绝望
16.accountfor导致
17.workasanunpaidhand免费劳动
18.tobehonest坦白地说
19.yourideaofsomekindofjoke你认为的一种笑话
20.beonmyway上路
21.showsb.out把某人带出去
22.beconfidentabout对…...自信
23.givesb.aride让某人搭车
24.thecostofajourney旅行费用
25.fallover跌到
26.loseone’spatience失去耐心
27.stayoutofjail免坐牢
28.dofiftyjumpswithoutstopping不间断地连续跳五十下
29.accountforyourbehaviour对你的行为做出解释
30.bejealousoftheothers’success嫉妒别人的成功
31.showawillingnesstodosth.表示乐意做谋事
32.takethegentleman’sorder让那位绅士点菜
33.readthebill看帐单
34.bereserved被预定了
35.takeachance碰碰运气
36.thelookonthewaiter’sface服务员脸上的表情
37.inarudemanner用粗鲁的方式
38.forawhile一会儿
高二英语必修3Unit2必会单词短语汇总(人教版)
1)diet
作名词,表示“日常饮食”。
be/goondiet节食
作动词,表示“节食“。
2)区别energy,strength,power和force:
energy主要指人的精力,工作或活动的能力,自然界的能等。
power主要指做一件事情所依靠的的能力,功能,人或机器等事物所潜在的或所发挥出来的力量,职权,权力或政权。
force主要指自然界中的力量,暴力,势力,说服力,压力,法律,道德或情感的力量,军事的力量。
strength指一人或一物所含的内在的力量,能用以从事,忍受,或抵抗很多事物。
3)balance
作名词,表示“天平,秤;平衡,平稳“。
be/hanginthebalance不确定的,尚未决定的
keepone’sbalance保持平衡
onbalance考虑周全,总的来说
strikeabalance找出折中办法,妥协
作动词,表示“权衡,平衡”;balanceAagainstB权衡利弊。
4)sign
作名词,表示“记号,符号,标志,标记,手势,迹象,指示牌”等。
作动词表示“签名,签署,示意,做手势”。
insignof作为……的记号;表示……的。
makenosignof没有……的样子(迹象),没有表示……
signfor签约应聘或受雇
signforsth签收某物
signsbon/up使某人签约受雇
signup(forsth)注册参加(俱乐部,课程)
5)sigh
sighover…为……叹息
sighfor想念,思念
sighout/forthsth边叹息边说出……
6)slim
作形容词,表示“苗条的,纤细的,小的”。
作动词,表示“变细,减肥”。
slimdown减肥,缩减。
7)lie
作名词,表示“谎言,谎话,假象”是可数名词。
若表示说谎,只能使telllies或者tellalie。
awhitelie无恶意的谎言
throwalieinsb’sface当面斥责某人说谎
givethelieto证明……不真实
livealie过骗人的生活
作动词,表示“说谎”。
lieone’swayinto/outof靠撒谎得到某物
liesboutofsth从某人处骗取某物
lieinone’steeth/throat睁着眼睛说瞎话
lieliedlied说谎
lielaylain位于,躺着,平方
laylaidlaid放置,产卵
8)rid
ridsb/sthof…使某人或某物摆脱……
getridof摆脱,除出
beridof=ridoneselfof除去,摆脱
9)amount
alargeamountof大量的(后跟不可数名词)
noamountof再多的……也不……
作不及物动词,表示“总计,等于”后跟介词to。
10)debt
beindebt欠债
beoutofdebt不欠债
get/runintodebt负债
bedeep/deeply/heavilyindebt负债累累
pay/back/repayone’sdebt偿还债务
clear/payoff/wipeoffone’sdebt=getoutofdebt还清债务
beinsb’sdebt=beindebttosb欠某人的情,感激某人
11)区别glare,gaze,stare,glance:
glare指怒视,强调敌对或者威胁的态度。
stare指睁大眼睛出神地看,注视,瞪视,这种注视出于惊讶,好奇,羡慕,恐惧,有时是粗鲁无礼的。
glance指瞥视,匆匆一看。
gaze指目不转睛地看,凝视,注视,这种注视是由于惊奇,喜欢或兴趣所致。
12)limit
作动词,limit…to…把……限定在……范围内。
作名词,常与介词to连用。
形容词limited表示“有限的,极少的,(见解)狭窄的”。
13)benefit
作动词,表示“使……受益”。
benefitfrom/by…从……中受益
beofbenefitof对……有益,对……有利
14)有关throw的短语:
trowat向……扔去
throwabout乱扔
throwoff扔开,摆脱
throwback扔回
throwdown扔下,推翻
throwsbover背弃某人
throwoneselfon/uponsb/sth依赖
throwoneselfintosth积极做某事
15)有关get的短语:
1.getabout(around)
(1)(能)到处走动,旅行。(2)(消息、谣言等)传播,流传。
2.getalong
(1)离开(某地)。(2)相处,过日子,合得来。(3)进展。
3.getaway
(1)离开,逃离,逃走。(2)逃避责罚,免受处罚,受较轻处罚。
4.getback
(1)返回,回家。(2)取回,拿回,失而复得。
5.getdown下来,取下,放下,弄下,写下,打下,吞下。
6.getdownto(6doing)sth开始做某事,认真处理某事。
7.getin
(1)进站,到达,回来。(2)请来。(3)插话。(4)收获,收割。
8.getoff
(1)起飞,动身,出发。(2)下班,下车。(3)从轻处罚,被放过。
9.geton
(1)上车。(2)进行,进展,过日子。(3)相处。
10.getout
(1)出来,出去,离开。(2)拿出,取出。(3)出版,发表。(4)泄漏,传出。
11.getoutof
(1)逃避,躲掉。(2)为了逃避工作,使说出(拿出等)。(3)放弃,戒除,停止。
12.getover
(1)走过,越过,渡过。(2)克服,战胜。(3)恢复,痊愈。
13.getthrough
(1)做完,用完,吃完,看完。(2)通过(考试),接通(电话),度过(时间)。
14.gettogether聚会,联欢。
15.getup
(1)起床,起身。(2)打扮。(3)举办。
16.getdoing
(1)继续做某事。(2)开始做起某事来。
17.getdone
(1)被……。(2)处于某种状态。
18.getsbsth/getsthforsbsth/为某人弄到某物。
19.getsb(sth)to.dosth做某人(某事物)做某事。
20.getsb(sth)doingsth使某人(某事物)(开始)起来。
21.getsthdone使某事被做。注:有时表示遭遇。
22.gettodosth
(1)开始做某事。(2)有机会做某事,设法做成某事。
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