高一英语必修一知识点(unit1)
facetoface
面对面地
1.Hisambitionwastomeethisfavouritepopstarfacetoface.
他心向往之的是要面对面地见见他心目中的流行曲歌星。
2.Theburglarturnedthecornerandfoundhimselffacetofacewithapoliceman.
盗贼一拐弯面对面地碰上个警察。
3.Thetworivalpoliticianscame/werebroughtfacetofaceinaTVinterview.
那两个对立的政客面对面地一起接受电视访问。
trust
n.信任,信托
vi.信任
vt.委托,相信
名词:truster动词过去式:trusted过去分词:trusted现在分词:trusting第三人称单数:trusts
1.MyhusbandtrustsmeandIdontintendtobreakthattrust.我的丈夫信任我,所以我不想失去这种信任。
2.Canyoutrusthisaccountofwhathappened?你能相信他对发生的事情所做的报告吗?
3.Inhiswillhecreatedtrustsforhischildren.他在遗嘱里为子女安排好了信托财产。
suffer
v.遭受,经验,忍受
1.Theysufferedhugelossesinthefinancialcrisis.他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大的损失。
2.Shecouldntsuffercriticism.她受不了批评。
3.Howcanyousuffersuchinsolence?你怎么能容忍这种蛮横的态度?
getalongwith
vt.友好相处(和睦相处,取得进展)
1.Weshouldletbygonesbebygonesandtrytogetalongwitheachother.
我们应当本着既往不咎的原则重新合伙。
2.HeisthelastpersonthatIllgetalongwith.他是我最不愿与之相处的人。
3.Doyougetalongwithyourboss?/Doyouandyourbossgetalong?你跟老板合得来吗?
gossip
n.闲聊,随笔
v.说闲话
1.Therehasbeenmuchgossipinpoliticalcircles.政界里有许多流言蜚语。
2.Inevertalkaboutgossip.我从不传播流言蜚语。
3.Shelovestogossiptoherneighbors.她喜欢议论邻居们的是非长短。
fallinlove
vt.陷入爱河(爱上,喜爱)
1.Itisnaturalthatheshouldfallinlovewithsuchabeautifulgirl.他爱上那位美丽的姑娘是很自然的事。
2.Itsmykarmaalwaystofallinlovewithbrunettes.
我爱上的总是深褐色头发、浅黑色皮肤的白种女子,这是我的缘分.
3.Yousayyoudontbelieveinmarriage,butIbetyousingadifferentsongwhenyoufinallyfallinlove.
你说你认为结婚是无谓的,但我肯定你最终爱上一个人的时候你就不这么说了.
quiz
n.小考,随堂测验,恶作剧
v.简单测验,恶作剧
1.Wewillhaveaquiztomorrowmorning.我们明天早晨进行一个小测验。
2.Shequizzedhimallnightaboutthepeoplehedseen.她整夜盘问他都见到谁了。
3.Matchyourskillagainsttheexpertsinthisquiz.在这一测验中你与专家较量一下技巧吧。
communicate
v.沟通,传达,交流
1.Thedoorcommunicateswithmyroom.这门和我的房间相通。
2.Icantcommunicatewiththem;theradiodoesntwork.我无法和他们联系,无线电坏了。
3.Hehascommunicatedhiswishestome.他已经把他的愿望告诉了我。
joinin
参加,加入
1.Wewanttojoininthemasquerade.我们想去参加化装舞会。
2.CanIjoinin(thegame)?我参加(这个游戏)行吗?
3.Iwilljoinintheproject,heartandhand.我会满腔热情地参加这项工程。
join,joinin,jointo
join的基本词义是“加入某个党派或社会团体,从而成为该党派或团体的一员”。例:
Whendidtheyjointheconservationorganization?他们是什么时候参加环保组织的?
TheprodigyjoinedtheInternationalAssociationofPoets,Playwrights,Editors,EssayistsandNovelists(PEN)whenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.这位天才在十四岁时便成为国际笔会会员。
joinin的意思是“参加某项运动或活动”,例如参加讨论、游行、罢工等。例:
Morethantenthousandworkershavejoinedinthisstrike.有一万多名工人参加了此次罢工。
AllofuswilljoininthecelebrationofthevictoryofWorldWarⅡ.我们全都参加这次庆祝世界二次大战胜利的活动。
Thereweremanyextracurricularactivities,butPeterneverjoinedin.尽管有很多课外活动,但彼德从不参加。
作为杰出的教学工作者,能够保证教课的顺利开展,作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,帮助高中教师缓解教学的压力,提高教学质量。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢?小编经过搜集和处理,为您提供高一数学必修1知识点总结,大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢!
高一数学必修一知识点总结
第一章集合与函数概念
一、集合有关概念
1.集合的含义
2.集合的中元素的三个特性:
(1)元素的确定性如:世界上最高的山
(2)元素的互异性如:由HAPPY的字母组成的集合{H,A,P,Y}
(3)元素的无序性:如:{a,b,c}和{a,c,b}是表示同一个集合
3.集合的表示:{…}如:{我校的篮球队员},{太平洋,大西洋,印度洋,北冰洋}
(1)用拉丁字母表示集合:A={我校的篮球队员},B={1,2,3,4,5}
(2)集合的表示方法:列举法与描述法。
注意:常用数集及其记法:
非负整数集(即自然数集)记作:N
正整数集:N*或N+
整数集:Z
有理数集:Q
实数集:R
1)列举法:{a,b,c……}
2)描述法:将集合中的元素的公共属性描述出来,写在大括号内表示集合{xR|x-32},{x|x-32}
3)语言描述法:例:{不是直角三角形的三角形}
4)Venn图:
4、集合的分类:
(1)有限集含有有限个元素的集合
(2)无限集含有无限个元素的集合
(3)空集不含任何元素的集合例:{x|x2=-5}
二、集合间的基本关系
1.“包含”关系—子集
注意:有两种可能(1)A是B的一部分,;(2)A与B是同一集合。
反之:集合A不包含于集合B,或集合B不包含集合A,记作AB或BA
2.“相等”关系:A=B(5≥5,且5≤5,则5=5)
实例:设A={x|x2-1=0}B={-1,1}“元素相同则两集合相等”
即:①任何一个集合是它本身的子集。AA
②真子集:如果AB,且AB那就说集合A是集合B的真子集,记作AB(或BA)
③如果AB,BC,那么AC
④如果AB同时BA那么A=B
3.不含任何元素的集合叫做空集,记为Φ
规定:空集是任何集合的子集,空集是任何非空集合的真子集。
4.子集个数:
有n个元素的集合,含有2n个子集,2n-1个真子集,含有2n-1个非空子集,含有2n-1个非空真子集
三、集合的运算
运算类型交集并集补集
定义由所有属于A且属于B的元素所组成的集合,叫做A,B的交集.记作AB(读作‘A交B’),即AB={x|xA,且xB}.
由所有属于集合A或属于集合B的元素所组成的集合,叫做A,B的并集.记作:AB(读作‘A并B’),即AB={x|xA,或xB}).
设S是一个集合,A是S的一个子集,由S中所有不属于A的元素组成的集合,叫做S中子集A的补集(或余集)
记作,即
CSA=
韦
恩
图
示
性
质AA=A
AΦ=Φ
AB=BA
ABA
ABB
AA=A
AΦ=A
AB=BA
ABA
ABB
(CuA)(CuB)
=Cu(AB)
(CuA)(CuB)
=Cu(AB)
A(CuA)=U
A(CuA)=Φ.
二、函数的有关概念
1.函数的概念
设A、B是非空的数集,如果按照某个确定的对应关系f,使对于集合A中的任意一个数x,在集合B中都有唯一确定的数f(x)和它对应,那么就称f:A→B为从集合A到集合B的一个函数.记作:y=f(x),x∈A.其中,x叫做自变量,x的取值范围A叫做函数的定义域;与x的值相对应的y值叫做函数值,函数值的集合{f(x)|x∈A}叫做函数的值域.
注意:
1.定义域:能使函数式有意义的实数x的集合称为函数的定义域。
求函数的定义域时列不等式组的主要依据是:
(1)分式的分母不等于零;
(2)偶次方根的被开方数不小于零;
(3)对数式的真数必须大于零;
(4)指数、对数式的底必须大于零且不等于1.
(5)如果函数是由一些基本函数通过四则运算结合而成的.那么,它的定义域是使各部分都有意义的x的值组成的集合.
(6)指数为零底不可以等于零,
(7)实际问题中的函数的定义域还要保证实际问题有意义.
相同函数的判断方法:①表达式相同(与表示自变量和函数值的字母无关);
②定义域一致(两点必须同时具备)
2.值域:先考虑其定义域
(1)观察法(2)配方法(3)代换法
3.函数图象知识归纳
(1)定义:
在平面直角坐标系中,以函数y=f(x),(x∈A)中的x为横坐标,函数值y为纵坐标的点P(x,y)的集合C,叫做函数y=f(x),(x∈A)的图象.C上每一点的坐标(x,y)均满足函数关系y=f(x),反过来,以满足y=f(x)的每一组有序实数对x、y为坐标的点(x,y),均在C上.
(2)画法
1.描点法:2.图象变换法:常用变换方法有三种:1)平移变换2)伸缩变换3)对称变换
4.区间的概念
(1)区间的分类:开区间、闭区间、半开半闭区间(2)无穷区间(3)区间的数轴表示.
5.映射
一般地,设A、B是两个非空的集合,如果按某一个确定的对应法则f,使对于集合A中的任意一个元素x,在集合B中都有唯一确定的元素y与之对应,那么就称对应f:AB为从集合A到集合B的一个映射。记作“f(对应关系):A(原象)B(象)”
对于映射f:A→B来说,则应满足:
(1)集合A中的每一个元素,在集合B中都有象,并且象是唯一的;
(2)集合A中不同的元素,在集合B中对应的象可以是同一个;
(3)不要求集合B中的每一个元素在集合A中都有原象。
6.分段函数
(1)在定义域的不同部分上有不同的解析表达式的函数。
(2)各部分的自变量的取值情况.
(3)分段函数的定义域是各段定义域的交集,值域是各段值域的并集.
补充:复合函数
如果y=f(u)(u∈M),u=g(x)(x∈A),则y=f[g(x)]=F(x)(x∈A)称为f、g的复合函数。
二.函数的性质
1.函数的单调性(局部性质)
(1)增函数
设函数y=f(x)的定义域为I,如果对于定义域I内的某个区间D内的任意两个自变量x1,x2,当x1x2时,都有f(x1)f(x2),那么就说f(x)在区间D上是增函数.区间D称为y=f(x)的单调增区间.
如果对于区间D上的任意两个自变量的值x1,x2,当x1x2时,都有f(x1)>f(x2),那么就说f(x)在这个区间上是减函数.区间D称为y=f(x)的单调减区间.
注意:函数的单调性是函数的局部性质;
(2)图象的特点
如果函数y=f(x)在某个区间是增函数或减函数,那么说函数y=f(x)在这一区间上具有(严格的)单调性,在单调区间上增函数的图象从左到右是上升的,减函数的图象从左到右是下降的.
(3).函数单调区间与单调性的判定方法
(A)定义法:
(1)任取x1,x2∈D,且x1x2;
(2)作差f(x1)-f(x2);或者做商
(3)变形(通常是因式分解和配方);
(4)定号(即判断差f(x1)-f(x2)的正负);
(5)下结论(指出函数f(x)在给定的区间D上的单调性).
(B)图象法(从图象上看升降)
(C)复合函数的单调性
复合函数f[g(x)]的单调性与构成它的函数u=g(x),y=f(u)的单调性密切相关,其规律:“同增异减”
注意:函数的单调区间只能是其定义域的子区间,不能把单调性相同的区间和在一起写成其并集.
8.函数的奇偶性(整体性质)
(1)偶函数:一般地,对于函数f(x)的定义域内的任意一个x,都有f(-x)=f(x),那么f(x)就叫做偶函数.
(2)奇函数:一般地,对于函数f(x)的定义域内的任意一个x,都有f(-x)=—f(x),那么f(x)就叫做奇函数.
(3)具有奇偶性的函数的图象的特征:偶函数的图象关于y轴对称;奇函数的图象关于原点对称.
9.利用定义判断函数奇偶性的步骤:
○1首先确定函数的定义域,并判断其是否关于原点对称;
○2确定f(-x)与f(x)的关系;
○3作出相应结论:若f(-x)=f(x)或f(-x)-f(x)=0,则f(x)是偶函数;若f(-x)=-f(x)或f(-x)+f(x)=0,则f(x)是奇函数.
注意:函数定义域关于原点对称是函数具有奇偶性的必要条件.首先看函数的定义域是否关于原点对称,若不对称则函数是非奇非偶函数.若对称,(1)再根据定义判定;(2)由f(-x)±f(x)=0或f(x)/f(-x)=±1来判定;(3)利用定理,或借助函数的图象判定.
10、函数的解析表达式
(1)函数的解析式是函数的一种表示方法,要求两个变量之间的函数关系时,一是要求出它们之间的对应法则,二是要求出函数的定义域.
(2)求函数的解析式的主要方法有:1.凑配法2.待定系数法3.换元法4.消参法
11.函数最大(小)值
○1利用二次函数的性质(配方法)求函数的最大(小)值
○2利用图象求函数的最大(小)值
○3利用函数单调性的判断函数的最大(小)值:
如果函数y=f(x)在区间[a,b]上单调递增,在区间[b,c]上单调递减则函数y=f(x)在x=b处有最大值f(b);
如果函数y=f(x)在区间[a,b]上单调递减,在区间[b,c]上单调递增则函数y=f(x)在x=b处有最小值f(b);
第三章基本初等函数
一、指数函数
(一)指数与指数幂的运算
1.根式的概念:一般地,如果,那么叫做的次方根,其中1,且∈*.
负数没有偶次方根;0的任何次方根都是0,记作。
当是奇数时,,当是偶数时,
2.分数指数幂
正数的分数指数幂的意义,规定:
,
0的正分数指数幂等于0,0的负分数指数幂没有意义
3.实数指数幂的运算性质
(1);
(2);
(3).
(二)指数函数及其性质
1、指数函数的概念:一般地,函数叫做指数函数,其中x是自变量,函数的定义域为R.
注意:指数函数的底数的取值范围,底数不能是负数、零和1.
2、指数函数的图象和性质
a10a1
定义域R定义域R
值域y>0值域y>0
在R上单调递增在R上单调递减
非奇非偶函数非奇非偶函数
函数图象都过定点(0,1)函数图象都过定点(0,1)
注意:利用函数的单调性,结合图象还可以看出:
(1)在[a,b]上,值域是或;
(2)若,则;取遍所有正数当且仅当;
(3)对于指数函数,总有;
二、对数函数
(一)对数
1.对数的概念:
一般地,如果,那么数叫做以为底的对数,记作:(—底数,—真数,—对数式)
说明:○1注意底数的限制,且;
○2;
○3注意对数的书写格式.
两个重要对数:
○1常用对数:以10为底的对数;
○2自然对数:以无理数为底的对数的对数.
指数式与对数式的互化
幂值真数
=N=b
底数
指数对数
(二)对数的运算性质
如果,且,,,那么:
○1+;
○2-;
○3.
注意:换底公式:(,且;,且;).
利用换底公式推导下面的结论:(1);(2).
(3)、重要的公式①、负数与零没有对数;②、,③、对数恒等式
(二)对数函数
1、对数函数的概念:函数,且叫做对数函数,其中是自变量,函数的定义域是(0,+∞).
注意:○1对数函数的定义与指数函数类似,都是形式定义,注意辨别。如:,都不是对数函数,而只能称其为对数型函数.
○2对数函数对底数的限制:,且.
2、对数函数的性质:
a10a1
定义域x>0定义域x>0
值域为R值域为R
在R上递增在R上递减
函数图象都过定点(1,0)函数图象都过定点(1,0)
(三)幂函数
1、幂函数定义:一般地,形如的函数称为幂函数,其中为常数.
2、幂函数性质归纳.
(1)所有的幂函数在(0,+∞)都有定义并且图象都过点(1,1);
(2)时,幂函数的图象通过原点,并且在区间上是增函数.特别地,当时,幂函数的图象下凸;当时,幂函数的图象上凸;
(3)时,幂函数的图象在区间上是减函数.在第一象限内,当从右边趋向原点时,图象在轴右方无限地逼近轴正半轴,当趋于时,图象在轴上方无限地逼近轴正半轴.
第四章函数的应用
一、方程的根与函数的零点
1、函数零点的概念:对于函数,把使成立的实数叫做函数的零点。
2、函数零点的意义:函数的零点就是方程实数根,亦即函数的图象与轴交点的横坐标。
即:方程有实数根函数的图象与轴有交点函数有零点.
3、函数零点的求法:
○1(代数法)求方程的实数根;
○2(几何法)对于不能用求根公式的方程,可以将它与函数的图象联系起来,并利用函数的性质找出零点.
4、二次函数的零点:
二次函数.
(1)△>0,方程有两不等实根,二次函数的图象与轴有两个交点,二次函数有两个零点.
(2)△=0,方程有两相等实根,二次函数的图象与轴有一个交点,二次函数有一个二重零点或二阶零点.
(3)△<0,方程无实根,二次函数的图象与轴无交点,二次函数无零点.
5.函数的模型
一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,作为高中教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助高中教师能够更轻松的上课教学。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?经过搜索和整理,小编为大家呈现“高一英语必修一Unit 4 reading知识点讲解(1)”,供大家参考,希望能帮助到有需要的朋友。
LearningAims:
1.KnowledgeAims:Enablethestudentstograsptheusagesofsuchimportantnewwordsandexpression_r_rsasshake,injure,destroy,skock,rescue,rightaway,agreatnumberof,giveout,etc.
GettheSstomatertheusageofthepatterns:
Itseemedthattheworldwasatend
Allhopewasnotlost
2.AbilityAims:ToimproveSs’abilityofreading
Learningdifficultpoints:
1LettheSslearntheusageofthewords“shake”
2EnabletheSstomastertheusageofthepattern“all----isnot---”andunderstandsomedifficult
Andlongsentence.
教学过程:
Step.Leading-in(3分钟)
1.GreetSsasusual
2.Enjoythe3-minute’stalkshowandgivethecommentonit.
Freetopic
Thencommontit
Step.Preparation:(3-5分钟)
1.Readthewarming-uploudlyandfindthewordstheycan’tread
2.Readtheparagraphloudlyandtrytofindthedifficultpoints
Warming-up
Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway
知识点:
1.Itisalwayscalmbeforeastorm.
before
走进高考:
1Itwon’tbelong_______hereturns.
AsinceBbeforeCafterDwhen
2Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatlastthreemoremonthhs_____hecouldrecoverandreturntowork.
AwhenBbeforeCsinceDthat
3ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime______wemeetthemagain.
AafterBbeforeCsinceDwhen
2Lookcarefullyatthetwophots.
复习look的有关短语
补充Lookupto尊敬,尊重
Lookthrough浏览,仔细查看
Lookover快速地翻阅
Lookon旁观
连接高考
1“Goodbye,then,”shesaid,withouteven____fromherbook.
AlookingdownBlookingupClookingawayDlookingon
2Ihave_____allmypapersbutIstillcan’tfindmynotes.
AlookedthroughBlookedforClookedafter
Dlookedout
3Desribletoyourpartnerwhatmighthappentotheobjectsinthephotos.
复习imagine的用法
imagine+n./pron
imaginesb.tobe
shake:causetomovetoandfro
rightaway:atonce;innotime;immediately
rightnow:atthisverymoment
Makeupyourmind___________.
I’llreturnthebook___________.
复习shake的用法。
Shakehandswithsb
Shakeone’shand握手
Shakesbbythehand
Step.reading(3-5分钟)
Readaoudlytogather
Para.1---
I:重点词汇归纳:
1.happentodosth碰巧做某事
2comeoutof出来
3.jumpouof跳出
4.burstout爆发
(Ssreadthekeypointsloudlyinordertomemorizeallofthem)
Importantsentence:
1.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.
2.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.
3.Asmellygascameoutofthecrackers.
走进考高:
1ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted______ifithadputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.
AgoodBbetterCbestDwell
2Theflowerssmell______,andIliketoenjoythesurroundings.
AsweetBterriblyCwellDsweetly
Para.2(3-5分钟)
Phrases:
1asif
2atanend
3inruins
4thenumberof/anumberof
拓展:
Cn:many,agood/greatmany,agreat/large(small)numberof
Un:agreat/gooddealof,much/muchofthe,alarge/greatamountof
Cn/Un:alotof/lotsof,plentyof/halfof----
Step:Group-workandshow-time(15分钟)
1.ReadtheexplainingonP43-44(名师一号)
2.Haveagroupdiscussionandtrytosolvethedifficultiesthemet.
3.Havesomestudentstowritethedifficultiestheycan’tsolveontheblackboard
4.Ifotherstudentscanexplainletthedo
Step:Exercise(5分钟)
完成《堂堂练》10个选择题
课后反思:
一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,使教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。那么,你知道教案要怎么写呢?下面是小编为大家整理的“新课标高一必修1 英语教案Unit 4 Earthquakes (综合教案)”,相信您能找到对自己有用的内容。
Unit4Earthquakes
PartOne:TeachingDesign(第一部分:教学设计)
Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading
(ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP)
Aims
Tolistenandtalkaboutnaturaldisasters
Toreadaboutearthquakes
Procedures
I.Warmingup
Warmingupbylooking
Goodmorningclass.Haveyoueverexperiencedanynaturaldisasters?Lookatthepictures,canyounameallthedisasters?
volcanofiresandstorm
typhoonhailstonethunderstorm
floodhurricaneearthquake
Haveyoueverexperiencedanearthquake?Canyoudescribehowterribleanearthquakeis?
(Theearthisshaking;allthebuildingswillfalldown;manypeoplewilldie;manychildrenwillbecomeorphans.)
Warmingupbydiscussing
Now,lookatthepicturesofTangshanandSanFranciscoinwarmingupanddescribewhatyouseeinthepictures.(beautifulcities;broadroads;tallbuilding;largepopulation.)
Whatwillhappeniftherehasbeenabigearthquakeinthesetwocities?
Asweallknow,earthquakesaredisasterstoeveryone.Butcanweavoidoratleastreducethelosscausedbyearthquakes?Canweforetellearthquakes?Nowlet’scometoPre-readinganddecidewhatmayhappenbeforeanearthquakecomes.
II.Pre-reading
1.Talkingandsharing
Whatarethesignsofanearthquake?(e.g.Cows,pigsanddogsbecometoonervoustooeat.Themicewillrunoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Thewaterinthewellswillriseandfall.Wallsofthewellsinvillagewillhavedeepcracks.Therewillbebrightlightinthesky….)
2.Imagingandsharing
Imaginethereisanearthquakenow,yourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.Youhavetimetotakeonlyonething.Whatwillyoutake?Why?
III.Reading
1.Listeningandfastreading
Nowlet’scometothetext“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”andseewhatittellsus.
Pleaselistentothetextandgetthegeneralideaofthepassage.Youshouldpayattentiontothefirstsentencesofeachparagraph.Inwhatorderisthetextwritten?(Thetextiswrittenintimeorder.Thegeneralideaisthemixtureofthefirstsentencesofeachparagraph,thatis,thetexttellsussomethingthathappenedbeforetheearthquake,duringtheearthquakeandaftertheearthquake.)
2.Readingandunderlining
Nextyouaretoreadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copytheminyournotebookafterclassashomework.
CollocationsfromANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP
asmellygas,comeoutof,inthefarmyards,toonervoustoeat,runoutof,look
forplacetohide,waterpipes,thinklittleofsth.,asusual,itseemedthat,atan
end,onehundredkilometersaway,one-third,eightkilometerslong,thirtymeters
wide,cutacross,inruins,beinjury,thenumberof,reachmorethan400,000,
everywhere,everythingwasdestroyed,begone,blowaway,sth.benotsafefor,tensofthousandsof,givemilk,halfamillion,insteadof,beshocked,laterthatafternoon,
betrappedundertheruins,falldown,all…is/wasnot…,hundredsofthousandsof,
digout,thedead,tothenorthof,coalmines,builtshelters,freshwater
3.Readingaloudandtranslating
NextwearegoingtoreadaloudthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.
4.Readingandtransforminginformation
Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatnaturalsignsofcomingdisasterwerethere?
2.Canyouthinkofsomereasonswhythesesignsweren’tnoticed?
3.Canyoudescribethedisastercausedbytheearthquake?
4.Whateventsandsituationsprobablymadethedisasterworse?
5.Howwerethesurvivorshelped?
6.Couldanythingmorehavebeendonetohelpthesurvivors?Whyorwhynot?
Answers:1,3,4,5areeasytoanswer.
2.Maybeatthattimepeopledidn’thaveknowledgeofanearthquake.
6.Thestudentshavetheirownanswers.
4.Discussingwritingstyle
Asyouhaveunderstoodthegeneralideaofthetext,Istillputmorequestionstoyou.
1.Fromwhosepointofviewareeventsdescribed?Howdoyouknow?(Awriter
whodidn’tseethequakeusesthethirdperson“they”whenhewrites.)
2.Whydoyouthinkthewriterchosetoexpressherfeelingsaboutthequakeratherthansimplyreportwhathappened?(AlthoughthewriterwasnottherehefeltsadforthepeopleofTangShan.Heknowsthatgivingsomefeelingswillmakethereadingmoreinteresting.)
3.Whyisthetitle“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”?(Asusual,nightisthetimetosleep,andnightshouldbequietandsafe.Butthatnighteverythingchanged.Thewriteruseditasatitletoshowhowterribleandhowunusualthatnightis.)
5.Readingandunderstandingdifficultsentences.
Ifyouhavesomedifficultsentencestounderstand,cometomeforhelp.
IV.Closingdown
Closingdownbydoingexercises
NowpleasedothecomprehendingExercises1,2and3onpage27.
Closingdownbydiscussing
Bynowyou’veknownthatearthquakesareterriblenaturaldisastersandthatChinaisunluckyenoughtohavealotofthem.Nowimaginethatyourgrouplivesinthecitythathasalotofearthquakes,whatshouldyoudoduringanearthquake?Lookatthegivensituationanddiscussinpairs.
(1)IfyouareOUTDOORS,…
(2)IfyouareinaHIGHBUILDING,…
(3)IfyouareDRIVING,…
(4)IfyouareHAVINGCLASS,…
(5)IfyouareinaCINEMA,…
Whatshouldyoudoduringtheearthquake?
Situation:
(1)howtorescuethosestilltrappedintheruins;
(2)howtotakecareofthesurvivors;
(3)howtorepairbuildingsthatsurvivedtheearthquake;
(4)whattodowiththebuildingsthatsurvivedtheearthquake;
(5)wheretofindpeopletohelpbuildanewcity;
(6)howtoteachchildrenaboutearthquakesafety;
(7)wheretoputinformationforsurvivorsandtheirfamilies;
(8)howtoplanforfurtherdisasters.
Period2:AsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage
(TheAttributiveClause:that,which,who,whose)
Aims
Tolearnabouttheusageofwho,which,thatandwhoseintheAttributiveClause
Todiscoverusefulwordsandexpressions
Procedures
I.Warmingup
Warmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
Helloeveryone.Afterreadingthepassage,wehavegottoknowtheusageofthewordsandexpressions,butweshoulddomorepractice.Nowturntopage27tofindthecorrectwordsandexpressionsfromthepassagetofinishthesentences.Youaregiventwominutestofinishthem.Ofcourse,youcandiscusswithyourpartners.Twominuteslater,checkinpairsandthencheckwiththewholeclass.
II.Learningaboutlanguage
1.Readingandfinding
Turntopage26andreadthetextANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP.TickouttheattributiveclausesinthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2.DoingExercises2onpage28
Turntopage28anddoExercise2inpairs.
III.ReadyusedmaterialsforRelativePronouns:which,that,whowhomwhose
WhatareRelativePronouns?
Relativepronounsarespecialpronounswhichcanconnecttheantecedentandthe
attributiveclause.Alsotheycanbeusedasapartoftheattributiveclause.Here
aresomeimportantdifferences:
1.which/that:referringtothings,canbeusedasasubjectoranobjectinthe
attributiveclause;whentheyareusedasanobject,theycanbeomitted:
Theplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.
Theschool(that/which)hevisitedlastweekistothesouthofthecity.
2.that/who/whom:referringtoaperson,canbeusedassubjectorobjectinthe
attributiveclause;whomcanbeusedasanobject:
Thegirl(that/whom/who)wesawyesterdaywasJim’ssister.
Themanthat/whoistalkingtomyfatherismymathsteacher.
3.whose:referringtoapersonorathing,canbeusedasanattributeinthe
attributiveclause:
Thisisthewriterwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.
Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.
4.Beforeeverything,anything,everybody,anybody,all,thebest+n,the
fifth+n,weusethatinsteadofwhich:
All(that)Ineedistime.
Thisisthelargestfactory(that)Ihaveevervisited
Thesixthlesson(that)wearelearningisthemostdifficultinBookTwo.
5.Wecan’tusethatinaNon-DefiningAttributiveClause:
Ihavelostthepen,whichIlikeverymuch.
Ihavetwosisters,whoarebothteachers.
IV.Closingdownbydoingaquiz
NowyouaregoingtotakeaquizonRelativePronouns.
Fillintheblanks,usingwhich,that,who,whom,whose.
(1)Theforce()causeseverythingtofalltowardsthegroundiscalledgravity.
(2)Afriend()helpsyouintimeofneedisafriendindeed.
(3)Doyouknowthegirl()parentsareteachersinourschool?
(4)Thewoman()IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.
(5)Hesawahouse()windowswereallbroken.
(6)Everything()canbedonetodaymustn’tbedonetomorrow.
(7)Canyouthinkofanyone()couldlookafterhim?
(8)Thisisthebesthotel()Iknow.
(9)Theman()Isawtoldmetocomebacktoday.
(10)Those()wanttogototheGreatWallwritedownyournameshere.
(11)Hetalkedalotabouttheteachersandtheschools()hehadvisited.
(12)Theninthlesson()wearelearningisthemostdifficultinBookOne.
(13)MountBlanc(勃朗峰),()theyvisitedlastmonth,isthehighestmountaininEurope.
(14)Weknowalltheteacher()workinourschool.
(15)Thehousein()LuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.
(16)Thehouse()LuXunoncelivedisamuseumnow.
(17)Thehouse()LuXunoncelivedinisamuseumnow.
(18)Youcantakeanyroom()youlike.
(19)Heshowedamachine()partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
(20)Thesportsmeetwasputoff,()wasexactlywhatwewanted.
Answerstotheexercises:(1)which/that(2)who/that(3)whose(4)whom/that/who(5)whose(6)that(7)that(8)that(9)that/whom/who(10)who(11)that(12)that(13)which(14)that(15)which(16)inwhich/where(17)which/that(18)that(19)whose(20)which
Period3:AsamplelessonplanforUsingLanguage
(AletterfromZhangSha)
Aims
Toreadandspeakabouttraveling
Towritealetterdescribingfeelingabouttraveling
Procedures
I.Warmingup
Warmingupbydiscussing
Haveyoueverwrittenaspeech?Whatisaspeech?Speechmeansanactofspeakingformallytoagroupoflisteners.Whatdoyouhavetoconsiderwhenyouarewritingaspeech?Pleasediscussitinpairs.(1.Whoistheaudience?2.Howcanweexpressourselvesclearly?)
Warmingupbyreading
Whatshouldyouincludeinyourspeechwhenyoutrytowriteone?Readtheletteronpage29andimagineyouarethestudentwhowasinvitedtogiveaspeech.Nowwriteashortspeech,inwhichyoushouldfollowthepointsinexercise3onpage29.
II.Readingandunderlining
Readtheletterandexercisesagainandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsintheletter.Copytheminyournotebookafterclassashomework.
Collocationsfromtheletter
congratulations,bepleasedtodosth.,winthehighschoolspeakingcompetition,a
groupoffivejudges,allofwhom,agree,beproudof,openanewpark,honourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster,wouldliketodo,haveyoudosth.,asyouknow,invitesb.
todosth.,onthatspecialday,atthebeginningof,thanksb,fordoingsth.,
honoursb.forsth.,beknownas,encouragesb.todosth.,behappytodosth.,
collectstamps,loseone’slife
III.Listening
Turnonyourbooksatpage30.We’lllistentoastoryaboutapersonwhoexperiencedthe1906SanFranciscoearthquake.I’llplaythetapethreetimes.Firstlistenandtrytogetsomedetailsthatexercises1and2request.Secondlistenagainandtrytofinishtheexercises.Thirdlistenandcheckyouranswers.
IV.Guidedwriting(SB.page31)
1.Makingaintroduction
Haveyoueverreadanewspaperstory?Nowturnonyourbookstopage31andlookatWriting.Readthebriefdescriptionabouthowtowriteanewspaperstory.Compareanewspaperstorytoashortstoryandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1)Whatshouldyouwritebeforewritinganewspaperstory?(outline)
2)Whatshouldanewspaperoutlinehave?(aheadline;alistofmainideas;alistofimportantdetails)
3)Whyaheadlineisneeded?(Itcantellthereaderswhatthetopicis;itcanalsoattractthereaders’attention)
4)Howcanyoufinishanewspaperstory?(First,youshouldwriteaheadline,thenorganizeyourmainideasintoparagraphs,andthenputsomedetailsintoeachparagraph.)
5)Haveyoufoundoutthedifferencebetweenanewspaperstoryandashortstory?
(Usuallyashortstorybeginswithsmalldetailsandincludesbigdetailslater.Anewspaperstorydoesjusttheopposite.Bothkindsofstoriesuseparagraphswithmainideas.Inagoodnewspaperstory,thepoint-of-viewisobjective(i.e.ithasnopoint-of-view)whileashortstoryissubjective(i.e.ithasapoint-of-view).Anewspaperstoryhasnoconclusion;ashortstorygenerallydoes.)
NowI’llshowyouanewspaperstorytofindouttheheadline,mainideaanddetailsofeachparagraph.
THEWASHINGTONPOST
SEATTLE-Apowerfulearthquakewithamagnitudeof6.8hitWashingtonStatelastweek.Thequake,thebiggestin50years,causedbillionsofdollarsindamage.Butmiraculously,onlyonepersondiedandmorethan100peoplewereinjuredinthequake.
Authoritiessaidonereasontherewasn’tgreaterdestructionisthattheregionspentmillionsofdollarsinthelastdecadedesigningearthquake----prooffacilitiesandimprovingexistingbuildings,schoolsandhomes.
Earthquakeexpertsaidtheeventillustrated(说明)thegrowinggapbetweenrichandpoornationsintheabilitytomitigate(减轻)naturaldisasters.Onlyahandfulofpeoplewereseriouslyinjuredhere,aslightnumbercomparedwiththedevastation(破坏)incountrieslikeTurkey,IndiaandElSalvador,wherequakeshaveburiedthousandsunderpoorlyconstructedbuildings.
2.Writing
NowpreparetheoutlineforashortnewspaperstoryforChinaDaily.Youcanusetheexampleinexercise1tohelpyouorganizeyouroutline.
3.Underling
ReadtheoutlineandthenewspaperstoryinWritingandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthem.Copythemtoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
CollocationsfromWriting
alistof,putsomedetailsintoeachparagraph,ateamof,raisemoney,thousandsof,
plantodosth.,inearlyJune,hopetodosth.,beinterestedtodosth.
IV.ClosingDown
Closingdownbysummary
Wehavelearnedalotaboutearthquakes.Nowlet’shaveasummaryaboutwhatwehavelearned.Lookatthefollowingquestions.
(1)Haveyoueverexperiencedanearthquake?
(2)CanyoudescribeanearthquakeinEnglish?
(3)Whatdoyouknowaboutthecauseofanearthquake?
(4)Whatnewinformationaboutearthquakeshaveyoulearnednow?
(5)Whatwordsandexpressionscanyouusetodescribeanearthquake?
Closingdownbyfindinginformation
Gotothelibrarytoreadorgetonlinetosearchinordertofindmoreinformationaboutnaturaldisasters.
PartTwo:TeachingResources(第二部分:教学资源)
Section1:AtextstructureanalysisofANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP
I.Typeofwritingandsummaryofthemainidea
TypeofwritingThisisapieceofdescriptivewriting
MainideaofthepassageThearticledescribesthecause,thecourseandthe
resultofTangShanearthquakein1976.It
showsustheterribleimageofearthquake.Atthe
sametimeithitsusthatwemustrealizethat
wecandosomethingtominimizethedamage
causedbyearthquake.
Topicsentenceof1stparagraphStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysidein
northeastHebei.
Topicsentenceof2ndparagraphEverythingbegantoshakeanditseemedthatthe
worldwasatanend.
Topicsentenceof3rdparagraphEverywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwas
destroyed.
Topicsentenceof4thparagraphAllhopewasnotlost.
II.Atextstructureanalysis
Readthetext“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”,andthencompletethefollowingchart.
Time/orderWhathappenedResult
threedaysbeforetheearthquake
atabout3:00amSaw:cracks
waterinthewells---roseandfell,
animals---toonervous,hide
fishjumpedoutofbowls&ponds
brightlightinthesky
waterpipes---crackedandburst
heard:soundofplanes
smelt:smellygasinthecracksofthewellsPeoplethoughtlittleofthe
eventsandwenttobed
asusual
at3:42am
felt:everythingshook
one-thirdnationfeltit
heardinBeijing100kilometersaway
ahugecrackcutacrosshouses,
roads…
saw:steamburstfromholesintheground
hardhillsofrock-riversofdirt
citylayinruins
4400,000people
killed/injured
75
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