一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。写好一份优质的教案要怎么做呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“Unit3Computer教学设计”希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

Unit3Computer教学设计
Period1:Warmingupandreading
TeachingAims
Totalkaboutcomputer
Toreadaboutcomputer
Procedures
I.Warmingup
Warmingupbytalkingaboutcomputer
Lookatthepicturesonpage17.Whatarethey?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Yes,theyarecomputers.Thenwhatisacomputer?
Acomputerisamachinewhichstoresknowledgeinitsmemoryanddoescalculationsonthatknowledge.Thisknowledgeisstoredinsymbols;itiscalleddata.Acomputerusuallyhasamonitortoshowresults.However,somecomputerscanspeak;thesecomputerscanbeusedforvoicemail.
计算机室
Acomputerfrequentlyrequiresabootdevice.Thebootdevicecontainsthecomputer’soperatingsystemanddata.Computerprogramscanbeinstalledontoacomputer.SomepeoplethinkthatcomputersarelessusefuliftheydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.TheythinkthisbecausetheInternetallowsthecomputerstosendandreceivedataandemailacrosstheworld.
曙光3000巨型计算机
Acomputerisnowalmostalwaysanelectronicdevice.Itusuallycontainsmaterialswhicharetoxic;thesematerialswillbecometoxicwastewhendisposedof.Whenanewcomputerispurchasedinsomeplaces,lawsrequirethatthecostofitswastemanagementmustalsobepaidfor.Thisiscalledproductstewardship.
Insomecountriesoldcomputersarerecycled(melteddown)togetgoldandothermetals.Thisisdangerous,becausethisprocedurereleasesthetoxicwasteintothewaterandsoil.
Computersbecomeobsoletequickly.Veryoftentheyaregivenawayandnewonesreplacethemwithintwoorthreeyears.Thismakestheproblemworse.Computerrecyclingisthuscommon.Manyprojectstrytosendworkingcomputerstodevelopingnationssotheycanbere-usedandwillnotbecomewasteasquickly.
Computerjargon计算机行话
Computerjargonmeanswordstodowithcomputersandsurroundingtopics.Knowingwhatthesewordsmeancanhelpyouknowmoreaboutcomputers.Somepeopleusethesewordstoimpressotherpeople(Alsoknownasbuzzwords).
Examplesofjargon:
Bit-Thesmallestdataunit,caneitherbea“0.”ora“1.”.
Byte-unitofdata.SeealsoKilobyte,Megabyte,GigabyteandNibble
CPU–CentralProcessingUnit,Anothernameforprocessor
Data-Informationstoredonacomputer
Disk-Aplacetostoredata.
Email-Electronicmail.
GHz-Gigahertz.Usedoftenincorrectlytodescribethespeedofaprocessor.Butwithsome2.4GHzprocessorsfasterthan3.6GHzones,itisclearthatitisjustasalesmantrick.
Load-Getdatafromadisk
Nibble-HalfaByte
Save-Putdataonadisk
RAM–random-accessmemory(随机存取存储器),themorethebetter.
USB-UniversalSerialBus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）
WWW-WorldWideWeb,partoftheInternet
II.Pre-reading
1.QuestioningandansweringWhatdoyouknowaboutcomputer?
●Electronicmachinecapableofperformingcalculationsandothermanipulationsofvarioustypesofdata,underthecontrolofastoredsetofinstructions.Themachineitselfisthehardware;theinstructionsaretheprogramorsoftware.Dependinguponsize,computersarecalledmainframes,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.Microcomputersincludedesk-topandportablepersonalcomputers.
●Amulti-functionelectronicdevicethatcanexecuteinstructionstoperformatask.
●Adevicethatacceptsinformation,processesit,andsuppliesanoutput.Acomputerusuallycontainsmemory,acontrolunit,arithmeticandlogicalunits,andameansforinputandoutput.
●aprogrammablehardwarecomponentthatiscontrolledbyinternallystoredprogramsandthatcanperformsubstantialcomputations(includingarithmeticandlogicoperations)withouthumanintervention.Acomputertypicallyconsistsofoneormoreprocessingunits,memoryunits,andassociatedperipheralinputandoutputdevices.
●Relatedtoautomationandelectronicdataprocessing.TheLibraryofCongresscommonlyclassesmostcomputer-relatedbooksinHF5548,QA75-76,Z52,T385,andsomeTKranges.
●amachineforperformingcalculationsautomatically
calculator:anexpertatcalculation(oratoperatingcalculatingmachines)
●Acomputerisadeviceormachineformakingcalculationsorcontrollingoperationsthatareexpressibleinnumericalorlogicalterms.Computersareconstructedfromcomponentsthatperformsimplewell-definedfunctions.Thecomplexinteractionsofthesecomponentsendowcomputerswiththeabilitytoprocessinformation.Ifcorrectlyconfigured(usuallyby,programming)acomputercanbemadetorepresentsomeaspectofaproblemorpartofasystem.Ifacomputerconfiguredinthiswayisgive
2.DiscussingandsharingHowhavecomputerschangedourlives?
Somedaysoon,ifyouhaven’talready,you’relikelytoplugintothecomputernetworknationgrowinginourmidst.Computerterminals,orsmallcomputersconnectedviamodem(amodulator/demodulatorcircuitforencoding/decodingcomputerchatter)toordinarytelephonelines,shouldbeasubiquitousasthetelephoneitself.They’reamuchmoreusefulandhumanetoolthanthephone,andwithcorporateAmericabehindthemthenetworkswillbeeverywhere----changingourlivesmorethananytechnologysincetheautomobile.
Joiningacomputernetworkisthesameasjoiningacommunity.Smallsystemsarelikevillages,wherenewmembersareformallywelcomed.Thelargernetworks,theSourceandCompuServe,forexample,arecities-anonymous,fulloflifeandevents,butdifficulttofitinto.
III.Reading
1.ListeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?
Turntopage18andlistenandreadtotherecordingofthetext.Payattentiontothepauses,pronunciationandintonationofthenativereader.
2.Readingaloudandunderliningexpressions
Nowwearetoreadthetextonceagainandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
CollocationsfromWHOAMI?
beginas…,acalculatingmachine,bebuiltas…,atthattime,atechnologicalrevolution,thestartofartificialintelligence,writeabook,bemadetowork,solveproblems,fromthenon,growanylarger,Astimewentby,gobackto…,bemadesmaller,memorybecamesolarge,standtherebyoneself,beconnectedby…,shareknowledgewithothersthrough…,beputinto…,providehumanswith…,dealwith…,trulyfilledwith…
3.Reading,identifyingandsettling
Attention,please!Itistimetoskimthetextonemoretimeandidentifythedifficultsentences.Tryanalyzingthestructuresofthedifficultsentencesanddiscussthemamongyourgroupmembers.Youmayalsoputyourquestionstomeforhelp.
Chat（online）（在线）聊天
Tochatistotalkaboutordinarythingsthatarenotveryimportant.Youcanchattoonepersonortomanypeople.PeoplealsousethiswordnowforpartsoftheInternetwherewecantalkwithmanydifferentpeopleatthesametime.Usually,youchatontheinternetinachatroomormessagingservicelikeAOL(AmericanOn-Line)InstantMessenger(AIM),YahooMessenger,orMSNMessenger.
IV.Comprehending
1.Scanthetextforinformationtocompletethetablebelow,describingthedevelopmentofcomputer.
In1642Thecomputerbeganasacalculatingmachine.
In1822TheanalyticalmachinewasmadebyCharlesBabbage.
In1936Thecomputergrewrapidlybothinsizeand
inbrainpower.
1940sThecomputerhadgrownaslargeasaroom.
In1960sThefirstfamilyofcomputerwasconnectedtoeachother.
In1970sComputerswereusedinofficesandhomes.
NowComputersconnectpeopleallovertheworld
Together.
2.Readthetextagainandcompletethechartbelow.
Paragraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3
TopicsentenceOvertimeIhave
beenchangedquite
alot.Thesechangesonly
becamepossible
asmymemory
improved.Sincethe1970s
manynewapplications
havebeenfoundforme.
SupportingdetailsCalculatingmachine
Analyticalmachine
Universalmachine
PC
laptoptubes
transistors
chips
network
worldwidewebcommunications
finance
trade
robots
mobilephones
spacerockets
providingalifeof
highquality

Period2:LearningaboutLanguage
TeachingAims:
TolearntouseThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice
Todiscoverusefulwordsandexpression
Todiscoverusefulstructures
Procedures
I.Warmingupbyreadingtothetape
Tobeginwith,turntopage18,listeningtoandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?Attentiongoestothepausesandintonation,aswellasthepronunciationofthereader.
II.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions
Inpairsdotheexercises1,2and3onpages20.Youmustfinishthemin10minutes.
III.Learningaboutgrammar
1.PassiveVoice—Overview
TenseorModelPassiveSentence
SimplePresentTheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.
SimplepastTheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.
SimpleFutureTheTOEFLexamthisyearwillbegivenonOctober15.
PresentContinuousTheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.
PresentperfectTheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.
PastperfectTheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.
SimpleModalTheTOEFLexamshouldbegiventoeveryForeignstudent.
PastModalTheTOEFLexamshouldhavebeengiventoalltoenterUScolleges.
2.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice
ThestructureofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed
IV.Readingaloudanddiscovering
Nowgobacktopage18toreadaloudanddiscoverinthetextexamplesofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice.
…asalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.
Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.
V.Discoveringusefulstructure
Weshalldogrammarexercises1,2and3onpage21.
VI.Closingdownbydoingaquiz
Correctthemistakesinthesepassivevoicesentences
Example:Thehousewasbuildin1880.(correct=Thehousewasbuiltin1880.)
1.3000employeeswerelayingoff.
2.Astorywillmadeup.
3.Anideawasputtedforwardfordiscussion.
4.Hasthebookbeengivebacktoyouyet?
5.Mybankloanwillbepayedoffinfiveyearstime.
6.Nothingcanbeholdagainstme.
7.Ourallieswillbelendsupport.
8.Shehasneverheardof.
9.Shewasbeingknockeddownbyabus.
10.Shewaslettedoffwithafine.
11.Thecandlewasblowoutbythedraught.
12.Thecriminalwerelockedup.
13.Thefloodwaterwasbekeptbackbybarriers.
14.Theinconveniencewillmadeupforbythismoney.
15.Thekeysmusthavebeenbeingleftbehind.
16.Theoldcinemaisbeingpulldown.
17.Theprotestersbeingheldbackbythepolice.
18.Theroadwasblockingoff.
19.Thirtymorepeoplewerelaidofflastweek.
20.Yourjacketcanbehangedupoverthere.
Period3:UsingLanguage
TeachingAims:
TodiscussaboutIT
TowriteareportaboutIT
Toreadaboutandroidsorrobots
Procedures
I.WarmingupbytalkingaboutIT
WhatisInformationtechnology?
Informationtechnology(IT)orinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)isthetechnologyrequiredforinformationprocessing.Inparticulartheuseofelectroniccomputersandcomputersoftwaretoconvert,store,protect,process,transmit,andretrieveinformationfromanywhere,anytime.
II.Listeningandwriting
Turntopage22.DiscussinpairswhatITconsistsofandthenmakealist.ListentothetextaboutdifferentkindsofinformationtechnologyorIT,discussandwritedowningroupstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachkind.
III.Reading,speakingandwriting
Itissaidthatcomputerscouldbeputintoandroidsorrobots.ReadthetextAndy—TheAndroid,underliningalltheexpressionsandthinkofthefunyoucouldhave!
ExpressionsfromAndy—TheAndroid
partofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,beas…as…,infat,looklike…,onthefootballteam,runfast,thinklikeahuman,shoutto…,incomputerlanguage,haveagoodshotforagoal,getsecondplace,winthefirstplace,haveanewkindofprogram,improveone’sintelligence,createabettersystem,playagainstahumanteam,inaway,program…with…,makeup…,afterall,withthehelpof…
Speakingandwriting
Supposeyouandyourpartneraregoingtohelpchoosecomputersforyourschool.Nowtalkaboutthespecialthingseachofthecomputercandoandwriteareporttoyourheadmaster.
IV.Writingaletter
Supposeyouareanandroid.Whatwouldsaytoaspoiledchildwhowouldnotdohishomework?Writealettertotheboy.
Android
Anandroidisanartificiallycreatedbeingthatresemblesahumanbeing.ThewordderivesfromGreekAndr-‘man,human’andthesuffix-eidesusedtomean‘ofthespecies,kind,alike’(fromeidos‘species’).
Theworddroid,arobotintheStarWarsuniverse,isderivedfromthismeaning.Somepeoplemaintainthat,etymologically,thewordandroidmeansresemblingamalehumanandthatarobotresemblingawomanshouldlogicallybecalledagynoidforsexistlanguagetobeavoided;however,thiswordisnotcommonlyused.
Unlikethetermsrobot(amechanicalbeing)andcyborg(abeingthatispartlyorganicandpartlymechanical),thewordandroidhasbeenusedinliteratureandothermediatodenoteseveraldifferentkindsofman-made,autonomouscreations:
arobotthatcloselyresemblesahuman
acyborgthatcloselyresemblesahuman
anartificiallycreated,yetprimarilyorganic,beingthatcloselyresemblesahuman
Althoughessentiallyhumanmorphologyisnottheidealformforworkingrobots,thefascinationindevelopingrobotsthatcanmimicitcanbefoundhistoricallyintheassimilationoftwoconcepts:simulacra(devicesthatexhibitlikeness)andautomata(devicesthathaveindependence).
ThetermandroidwasfirstusedbytheFrenchauthorMathiasVilliersdelIsle-Adam(1838-1889)inhisworkTomorrow’sEve,featuringaman-madehuman-likerobotnamedHadaly.Assaidbytheofficerinthestory,“InthisageofRealienadvancement,whoknowswhatgoesoninthemindofthoseresponsibleforthesemechanicaldolls.”
附：备课参考资料
ComputerBasics
Toaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.
Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouseandspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.
Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindows98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.
Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.
HowTheyWorkTogether
First,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.
Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.
Ifyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveprovidedinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsersoftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputeroverthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.
II.Television
Oldportabletelevision
Atelevision(alsoTVortelly)isadevice(tool)withascreenthatreceivesbroadcastsignalsandturnsthemintopicturesandsound.Theword“television”comesfromthewordstele(Greekforfaraway)andvision(seeing).
UsuallyaTVlookslikeabox.OlderTVshadlargewoodenframesandsatonthefloorlikefurniture.NewerTVsbecamesmallersotheycouldfitonshelves,orevenportablesoyoucouldtakeitwithyouwhereveryouwent.ThesmallestTVscanfitinyourhand.ThelargestTVscantakeupawholewallinyourhouse,andmaysitonthefloor,orbejustalargeflatscreenthatcanbemountedonthewall.ManyTVsarenowmadeinwidescreenshapelikemovietheatrescreens,ratherthanold,moresquareTVs.
Atelevisionhasanantenna(oraerial),orithasacable.Thisgetsthesignalfromtheair,orcableprovider.TVscanalsoshowmoviesfromDVDplayersorVCRs.TVscanbeconnectedtocomputersandgameconsoles,usuallythroughakindofsocketcalled“SCART”.
III.WeborWorldWideWeb
TheWorldWideWebisthepartoftheInternetthatcontainswebsitesandwebpages.
ItisnotusedtodescribeWebPagesthatareusedofflinewherenetservicesarenotavailable,ornocomputernetworkexists-suchasWikipediaonCD.Inthiscasenorealphysicalsiteexistsotherthantheplacewherethecomputeris.BlogandWikicapabilitieswillalsonotbeavailablebecausetheserequireacommunicationwithothercomputers.
IV.Radio
Radioisacommunicationsinvention.Thoughoriginallyusedtocommunicatebetweentwopeople,itisnowusedtolistentomusic,news,andpeopletalking.RadioshowswerethepredecessortoTVprograms.
V.DVD
DVDmostcommonlystandsfor“digitalversatiledisk”.ItcanplayvideothatisofahigherqualitythanaVHStape.
VI.TwokindsofDVD
Theycanalsohold4.7GBofinformationasopposedtothe700MBthataCDcanhold.AplusofusingaDVDforavideoistheabilitytohaveinteractivemenusandbonusfeaturessuchasdeletedscenesandcommentaries.
VII.Email
Email(electronicmail)isamessage,usuallytext,sentfromoneInternetusertoanother.Emailisquickerthansnailmail(mail)whensendingoverlongdistancesandisusuallyfree.Tosendorreceiveanemail,acomputerwithamodemandtelephonelineconnectedtotheInternet,andanemailprogramarerequired.Emailaddressesaregenerallyformatedlikethis:[emailprotected](comorfrororgorukorother).
Somecompaniesletyousendandreceiveemailforfreefromawebsite.Gmail,HotmailandYahoo!dothis.
VIII.Human
Herearetwohumans.
Amanisontheleftandawomanisontheright.Ahumanorhumanbeingisaperson,likeyou.Amalehumanisaman,afemalehumanisawoman.Ifyouthinkaboutallhumansinthewholeworld,theyarecalledhumanity.Inthepast,peoplehavealsousedmanandmankindtomeanallhumans.
HumansarecalledHomosapiensbyscientists.Humansareananimalspeciesthatbelongstothegroupcalledprimates.Monkeysareprimatestoo,buttheprimatesmostlikepeoplearegorillasandchimpanzees.Mostscientiststhinkthatchimpanzeesandhumanscamefromacommonancestorbywhatiscalledevolution.Otheranimalsevenmorelikehumansthanchimpanzeesoncelivedtoo,buttheyarenowextinct.
Humanrightsarethosethingsthateveryonedeservesandthewaytheyshouldbetreatedbyotherpeople.

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Unit3Computer（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）教案

一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容，帮助教师缓解教学的压力，提高教学质量。所以你在写教案时要注意些什么呢？考虑到您的需要，小编特地编辑了“Unit3Computer（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）教案”，欢迎阅读，希望您能够喜欢并分享！

Unit3Computer
VocabularyandUsefulExpressions
common
n.1.anareaofgrasslandwithnofenceswhichallpeoplearefreetouseorapieceofopenlandforrecreationaluseinanurbanarea(常用于专有名词中):EverySaturdayJeanwentridingonthevillagecommon.HarlowCommonisverybeautifulinwinter.哈洛公园在冬天时风景很美。2.incommon:insharedpossession3.outofcommon:unusualadj.1.oforassociatedwiththegreatmassesofpeople:Thecommonpeopleinthosedayssufferedgreatly.2.tobeexpected;standard:commondecency.3.commontoorsharedbytwoormoreparties:commonfriend.4.ofnospecialdistinctionorquality;widelyknownorcommonlyencountered;averageorordinaryorusual:thecommonman.5.belongingtoorparticipatedinbyacommunityasawhole;public:forthecommongood.6.commonlyencountered:acommon(orfamiliar)complaint.7.beingorcharacteristicoforappropriatetoeverydaylanguage:commonparlance.8.lackingrefinementorcultivationortaste:behaviorthatbrandedhimascommon.9.ofloworinferiorqualityorvalue:produced...thecommonclothsusedbythepoorerpopulation.
simple
n.1.anyherbaceousplanthavingmedicinalproperties2.apersonlackingintelligenceorcommonsenseadj.1.notelaborateinstyle;unornamented:asimplecountryschoolhouse.2.(botany)ofleafshapes;ofleaveshavingnodivisionsorsubdivisions3.havingfewparts;notcomplexorcomplicatedorinvolved:asimpleproblem.4.easyandnotinvolvedorcomplicated:asimplegame.)5.lackingmentalcapacityanddevoidofsubtlety6.exhibitingchildlikesimplicityandcredulity:simplecourtesy.
technology
n.1.thepracticalapplicationofsciencetocommerceorindustry2.thedisciplinedealingwiththeartorscienceofapplyingscientificknowledgetopracticalproblems
universal
n.couplingthatconnectstworotatingshaftsallowingfreedomofmovementinalldirections:Inmotorvehiclesauniversaljointallowsthedriveshafttomoveupanddownasthevehiclepassesoverbumps.)adj.ofworldwidescopeorapplicability:universalexperience.
mathematical
adj.1.statisticallypossiblethoughhighlyimprobable:haveamathematicalchanceofmakingtheplayoffs.2.beyondquestion:amathematicalcertainty.3.oforpertainingtoorofthenatureofmathematics:amathematicaltextbook.4.characterizedbytheexactnessorprecisionofmathematics:mathematicalprecision.5.relatingtoorhavingabilitytothinkinorworkwithnumbers:amathematicalwhiz.
artificial
adj.1.contrivedbyartratherthannature:artificialflowers.2.notarisingfromnaturalgrowthorcharacterizedbyvitalprocesses3.artificiallyformal:Herhusbandhatedtheartificialhumility.
disagree
v.1.bedifferentfromoneanother2.beofdifferentopinions:Shedisagreeswithherhusbandonmanyquestions.
disadvantage
n.thequalityofhavinganinferiororlessfavorablepositionv.putatadisadvantage;hinder,harm:Thisruleclearlydisadvantagesme.
choice
n.1.theactofchoosingorselecting:Yourchoiceofcolorswasunfortunate.)2.oneofanumberofthingsfromwhichonlyonecanbechosen:Myonlychoiceistorefuse.
adj.1.ofsuperiorgrade:choicewines.2.appealingtorefinedtaste:choicewine.
material
n.1.thingsneededfordoingormakingsomething:writingmaterials.2.information(dataorideasorobservations)thatcanbeusedorreworkedintoafinishedform:Thearchivesprovidedrichmaterialforadefinitivebiography.)3.apersonjudgedsuitableforadmissionoremployment:Hewasuniversitymaterial.4.thetangiblesubstancethatgoesintothemakeupofaphysicalobject:Coalisahardblackmaterial.5.artifactmadebyweavingorfeltingorknittingorcrochetingnaturalorsyntheticfibers:Shemeasuredoffenoughmaterialforadress.
adj.1.directlyrelevanttoamatterespeciallyalawcase:Hissupportmadeamaterialdifference.2.concernedwithoraffectingphysicalasdistinctfromintellectualorpsychologicalwell-being:materialneeds.3.concernedwithworldlyratherthanspiritualinterests:materialpossessions.4.derivedfromorcomposedofmatter:Thematerialuniverse.5.havingsubstanceorcapableofbeingtreatedasfact;notimaginary
mate
n.1.thepartnerofananimal(especiallyasexualpartner):Helovedthemareandallhermates.2.afellowmemberofateam:Itwashisfirststartagainsthisformerteammates.
create
v.1.investwithanewtitle,office,orrank:Createoneapeer.2.createbyartisticmeans:Createapoem.3.bringintoexistence:Thecompanywascreated25yearsago.4.makeorcausetobeortobecome:createafuror.
move
n.1.theactofdecidingtodosomething:Hedidn’tmakeamovetohelp.2.theactofchangingyourresidenceorplaceofbusiness:Theysaythatthreemovesequalonefire.3.theactofchanginglocationfromoneplacetoanother:Themovementofpeoplefromthefarmstothecities.4.achangeofpositionthatdoesnotentailachangeoflocation:Movementisasignoflife.v.1.disposeofbyselling:Thechairmanofthecompanytoldthesalesmentomovethecomputers.2.liveone’slifeinaspecifiedenvironment:Shemovesincertaincirclesonly.3.goorproceedfromonepointtoanother:Thedebatemovedfromfamilyvaluestotheeconomy.4.arousesympathyorcompassionin:Herfatemovedusall.5.movesoastochangeposition,performanontranslationalmotion:Hemovedhishandslightlytotheright.6.causetomove,bothinaconcreteandinanabstractsense:Movethoseboxesintothecorner,please.7.changeresidence,affiliation,orplaceofemployment:WemovedfromIdahotoNebraska.8.performanaction,orworkoutorperform(anaction):Wemustmovequickly.9.changelocation;move,travel,orproceed:Thesoldiersmovedtowardsthecityinanattempttotakeitbeforenightfell.10.giveanincentiveforaction:Thismovedmetosacrificemycareer.
brain
n.1.partofthecentralnervoussystemthatincludesallthehighernervouscenters;enclosedwithintheskull;continuouswiththespinalcord2.mentalability:He’sgotplentyofbrainsbutnocommonsense.
spoil
n.1.theactofstrippingandtakingbyforce2.theactofspoilingsomethingbycausingdamagetoit:Herspoilingmydresswasdeliberate.3.(usuallyplural)valuablestakenbyviolence(especiallyinwar):Tothevictorbelongthespoilsoftheenemy.v.1.becomeunfitforconsumptionoruse:Themeatmustbeeatenbeforeitspoils.2.haveastrongdesireorurgetodosomething:Heisspoilingforafight.
mop
n.cleaningimplementconsistingofabsorbentmaterialfastenedtoahandle;forcleaningfloorsv.1.makeasadfaceandthrustoutone’slowerlip:Mopandmow.)2.towashorwipewithorasifwithamop:Mopthehallwaynow.
wander
v.1.goviaanindirectrouteoratnosetpace:Afterdinner,wewanderedintotown.2.moveaboutaimlesslyorwithoutanydestination,ofteninsearchoffoodoremployment:ThewanderingJew.3.loseclarityorturnasideespeciallyfromthemainsubjectofattentionorcourseofargumentinwriting,thinking,orspeaking:Hermindwanders.4.besexuallyunfaithfultoone’spartnerinmarriage:Mightherhusbandbewandering?5.tomoveorcausetomoveinasinuous,spiral,orcircularcourse:Sometimes,thegoutwandersthroughtheentirebody.

人教版高中英语必修2教案Unit3Computer

教案课件是每个老师工作中上课需要准备的东西，准备教案课件的时刻到来了。只有写好教案课件计划，才能规范的完成工作！你们会写适合教案课件的范文吗？下面是小编为大家整理的“人教版高中英语必修2教案Unit3Computer”，欢迎阅读，希望您能阅读并收藏。

Unit3ComputerPartOne:TeachingDesign(第一部分：教学设计)

Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading

(WHOAMI?)

Aims

Totalkaboutcomputer

Toreadaboutcomputer

Procedures

I.WarmingupWarmingupbytalkingaboutcomputer

Lookatthepicturesonpage17.Whatarethey?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Yes,theyarecomputers.Thenwhatisacomputer?

Acomputerisamachinewhichstoresknowledgeinitsmemoryanddoescalculationsonthatknowledge.Thisknowledgeisstoredinsymbols;itiscalleddata.Acomputerusuallyhasamonitortoshowresults.However,somecomputerscanspeak;thesecomputerscanbeusedforvoicemail.

计算机室

Acomputerfrequentlyrequiresabootdevice.Thebootdevicecontainsthecomputer’soperatingsystemanddata.Computerprogramscanbeinstalledontoacomputer.SomepeoplethinkthatcomputersarelessusefuliftheydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.TheythinkthisbecausetheInternetallowsthecomputerstosendandreceivedataandemailacrosstheworld.

曙光3000巨型计算机

Acomputerisnowalmostalwaysanelectronicdevice.Itusuallycontainsmaterialswhicharetoxic;thesematerialswillbecometoxicwastewhendisposedof.Whenanewcomputerispurchasedinsomeplaces,lawsrequirethatthecostofitswastemanagementmustalsobepaidfor.Thisiscalledproductstewardship.

Insomecountriesoldcomputersarerecycled(melteddown)togetgoldandothermetals.Thisisdangerous,becausethisprocedurereleasesthetoxicwasteintothewaterandsoil.

Computersbecomeobsoletequickly.Veryoftentheyaregivenawayandnewonesreplacethemwithintwoorthreeyears.Thismakestheproblemworse.Computerrecyclingisthuscommon.Manyprojectstrytosendworkingcomputerstodevelopingnationssotheycanbere-usedandwillnotbecomewasteasquickly.

Computerjargon计算机行话

Computerjargonmeanswordstodowithcomputersandsurroundingtopics.Knowingwhatthesewordsmeancanhelpyouknowmoreaboutcomputers.Somepeopleusethesewordstoimpressotherpeople(Alsoknownasbuzzwords).

Examplesofjargon:

Bit-Thesmallestdataunit,caneitherbea“0.”ora“1.”.

Byte-unitofdata.SeealsoKilobyte,Megabyte,GigabyteandNibble

CPU–CentralProcessingUnit,Anothernameforprocessor

Data-Informationstoredonacomputer

Disk-Aplacetostoredata.

Email-Electronicmail.

GHz-Gigahertz.Usedoftenincorrectlytodescribethespeedofaprocessor.Butwithsome2.4GHzprocessorsfasterthan3.6GHzones,itisclearthatitisjustasalesmantrick.

Load-Getdatafromadisk

Nibble-HalfaByte

Save-Putdataonadisk

RAM–random-accessmemory(随机存取存储器),themorethebetter.

USB-UniversalSerialBus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）

WWW-WorldWideWeb,partoftheInternet

II.Pre-reading

1.QuestioningandansweringWhatdoyouknowaboutcomputer?

●Electronicmachinecapableofperformingcalculationsandothermanipulationsofvarioustypesofdata,underthecontrolofastoredsetofinstructions.Themachineitselfisthehardware;theinstructionsaretheprogramorsoftware.Dependinguponsize,computersarecalledmainframes,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.Microcomputersincludedesk-topandportablepersonalcomputers.

●Amulti-functionelectronicdevicethatcanexecuteinstructionstoperformatask.

●Adevicethatacceptsinformation,processesit,andsuppliesanoutput.Acomputerusuallycontainsmemory,acontrolunit,arithmeticandlogicalunits,andameansforinputandoutput.●aprogrammablehardwarecomponentthatiscontrolledbyinternallystoredprogramsandthatcanperformsubstantialcomputations(includingarithmeticandlogicoperations)withouthumanintervention.Acomputertypicallyconsistsofoneormoreprocessingunits,memoryunits,andassociatedperipheralinputandoutputdevices.

●Relatedtoautomationandelectronicdataprocessing.TheLibraryofCongresscommonlyclassesmostcomputer-relatedbooksinHF5548,QA75-76,Z52,T385,andsomeTKranges.●amachineforperformingcalculationsautomatically

calculator:anexpertatcalculation(oratoperatingcalculatingmachines)

●Acomputerisadeviceormachineformakingcalculationsorcontrollingoperationsthatareexpressibleinnumericalorlogicalterms.Computersareconstructedfromcomponentsthatperformsimplewell-definedfunctions.Thecomplexinteractionsofthesecomponentsendowcomputerswiththeabilitytoprocessinformation.Ifcorrectlyconfigured(usuallyby,programming)acomputercanbemadetorepresentsomeaspectofaproblemorpartofasystem.Ifacomputerconfiguredinthiswayisgive2.DiscussingandsharingHowhavecomputerschangedourlives?

Somedaysoon,ifyouhaven’talready,you’relikelytoplugintothecomputernetworknationgrowinginourmidst.Computerterminals,orsmallcomputersconnectedviamodem(amodulator/demodulatorcircuitforencoding/decodingcomputerchatter)toordinarytelephonelines,shouldbeasubiquitousasthetelephoneitself.They’reamuchmoreusefulandhumanetoolthanthephone,andwithcorporateAmericabehindthemthenetworkswillbeeverywhere----changingourlivesmorethananytechnologysincetheautomobile.

Joiningacomputernetworkisthesameasjoiningacommunity.Smallsystemsarelikevillages,wherenewmembersareformallywelcomed.Thelargernetworks,theSourceandCompuServe,forexample,arecities-anonymous,fulloflifeandevents,butdifficulttofitinto.

III.Reading

1.ListeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?

Turntopage18andlistenandreadtotherecordingofthetext.Payattentiontothepauses,pronunciationandintonationofthenativereader.

2.Readingaloudandunderliningexpressions

Nowwearetoreadthetextonceagainandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.CollocationsfromWHOAMI?

beginas…,acalculatingmachine,bebuiltas…,followinstructionsfrom…,soundsimple,atthetime,atechnologicalrevolution,writeabook,make…work,solveproblems,becomehuge,hadartificialintelligence,gobackto…,thesizeof…,goby,changesize,becomesmallandthin,getquick,standtherebyoneself,beconnectedby…,shareinformationby…,talkto…,bring…into…,dealwith…,communicatewith…,servethehumanrace

3.Reading,identifyingandsettling

Attention,please!Itistimetoskimthetextonemoretimeandidentifythedifficultsentences.Tryanalyzingthestructuresofthedifficultsentencesanddiscussthemamongyourgroupmembers.Youmayalsoputyourquestionstomeforhelp.

Chat（online）（在线）聊天

Tochatistotalkaboutordinarythingsthatarenotveryimportant.Youcanchattoonepersonortomanypeople.PeoplealsousethiswordnowforpartsoftheInternetwherewecantalkwithmanydifferentpeopleatthesametime.Usually,youchatontheinternetinachatroomormessagingservicelikeAOL(AmericanOn-Line)InstantMessenger(AIM),YahooMessenger,orMSNMessenger.

4.Readingandtransferring

Scanthetextforinformationtocompletethetablebelow,describingthedevelopmentofcomputer.In1642In1822In1936In1960sIn1970sIV.Closingdownbydoingcomprehendingexercises

Turntopage18andinpairsdothecomprehendingexercisesNo.1and2.

Period2:AsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage

(ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice)

Aims

TolearntouseThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice

Todiscoverusefulwordsandexpression

Todiscoverusefulstructures

ProceduresI.Warmingupbyreadingtothetape

Tobeginwith,turntopage18,listeningtoandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?Attentiongoestothepausesandintonation,aswellasthepronunciationofthereader.

II.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

Inpairsdotheexercises1,2and3onpages19and20.Youmustfinishthemin10minutes.

III.Learningaboutgrammar

1.PassiveVoice—Overview

TenseorModel

PassiveSentence

SimplePresent

TheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.

Simplepast

TheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.

SimpleFuture

TheTOEFLexamthisyearwillbegivenonOctober15.

PresentContinuous

TheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.

Presentperfect

TheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.

Pastperfect

TheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.

SimpleModal

TheTOEFLexamshouldbegiventoeveryForeignstudent.

PastModal

TheTOEFLexamshouldhavebeengiventoalltoenterUScolleges.

2.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice

ThestructureofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed

IV.Readingaloudanddiscovering

Nowgobacktopage18toreadaloudanddiscoverinthetextexamplesofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice.

Astheyearshavegoneby,Ihavebeenmadesmallerandsmaller.

Sincethen,myfamilyandIhavebeenusedbybillionsofpeopletodealwithinformationwitheachotheraroundtheworldbytheInternet.

V.Discoveringusefulstructure

Weshalldogrammarexercises1,2and3onpage20.VI.Closingdownbydoingaquiz

Correctthemistakesinthesepassivevoicesentences

Example:Thehousewasbuildin1880.(correct=Thehousewasbuiltin1880.)

1.3000employeeswerelayingoff.

2.Astorywillmadeup.

3.Anideawasputtedforwardfordiscussion.

4.Hasthebookbeengivebacktoyouyet?

5.Mybankloanwillbepayedoffinfiveyearstime.

6.Nothingcanbeholdagainstme.

7.Ourallieswillbelendsupport.

8.Shehasneverheardof.

9.Shewasbeingknockeddownbyabus.

10.Shewaslettedoffwithafine.

11.Thecandlewasblowoutbythedraught.

12.Thecriminalwerelockedup.

13.Thefloodwaterwasbekeptbackbybarriers.

14.Theinconveniencewillmadeupforbythismoney.

15.Thekeysmusthavebeenbeingleftbehind.

16.Theoldcinemaisbeingpulldown.

17.Theprotestersbeingheldbackbythepolice.

18.Theroadwasblockingoff.

19.Thirtymorepeoplewerelaidofflastweek.

20.Yourjacketcanbehangedupoverthere.

Period3:AsamplelessonplanforUsingLanguage

(ANDY—THEANDROID)

Aims

TodiscussaboutIT

TowriteareportaboutIT

ToreadaboutandroidsorrobotsProcedures

I.WarmingupbytalkingaboutIT

WhatisInformationtechnology?Informationtechnology(IT)orinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)isthetechnologyrequiredforinformationprocessing.Inparticulartheuseofelectroniccomputersandcomputersoftwaretoconvert,store,protect,process,transmit,andretrieveinformationfromanywhere,anytime.

II.Listeningandwriting

Turntopage21.LookatthepicturesandlistentoaconversationaboutdifferentkindsofinformationtechnologyorIT,discussandwritedowningroupstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachkind.

III.Speakingandwriting

Supposeyouandyourpartneraregoingtohelpchoosecomputersforyourschool.Nowtalkaboutthespecialthingseachofthecomputercandoandwriteareporttoyourheadmaster.

IV.Reading,underliningandspeaking

Itissaidthatcomputerscouldbeputintoandroidsorrobots.ReadthetextAndy—TheAndroid,underliningalltheexpressionsandthinkofthefunyoucouldhave!

ExpressionsfromAndy—TheAndroid

partofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,beas…as…,infat,looklike…,onthefootballteam,runfast,thinklikeahuman,shoutto…,incomputerlanguage,haveagoodshotforagoal,getsecondplace,winthefirstplace,haveanewkindofprogram,improveone’sintelligence,createabettersystem,playagainstahumanteam,inaway,program…with…,makeup…,afterall,withthehelpof…

V.Writingaletter

Supposeyouareanandroid.Whatwouldsaytoaspoiledchildwhowouldnotdohishomework?Writealettertotheboy.

Android

Anandroidisanartificiallycreatedbeingthatresemblesahumanbeing.ThewordderivesfromGreekAndr-‘man,human’andthesuffix-eidesusedtomean‘ofthespecies,kind,alike’(fromeidos‘species’).

Theworddroid,arobotintheStarWarsuniverse,isderivedfromthismeaning.Somepeoplemaintainthat,etymologically,thewordandroidmeansresemblingamalehumanandthatarobotresemblingawomanshouldlogicallybecalledagynoidforsexistlanguagetobeavoided;however,thiswordisnotcommonlyused.

Unlikethetermsrobot(amechanicalbeing)andcyborg(abeingthatispartlyorganicandpartlymechanical),thewordandroidhasbeenusedinliteratureandothermediatodenoteseveraldifferentkindsofman-made,autonomouscreations:

arobotthatcloselyresemblesahuman

acyborgthatcloselyresemblesahuman

anartificiallycreated,yetprimarilyorganic,beingthatcloselyresemblesahuman

Althoughessentiallyhumanmorphologyisnottheidealformforworkingrobots,thefascinationindevelopingrobotsthatcanmimicitcanbefoundhistoricallyintheassimilationoftwoconcepts:simulacra(devicesthatexhibitlikeness)andautomata(devicesthathaveindependence).

ThetermandroidwasfirstusedbytheFrenchauthorMathiasVilliersdelIsle-Adam(1838-1889)inhisworkTomorrow’sEve,featuringaman-madehuman-likerobotnamedHadaly.Assaidbytheofficerinthestory,“InthisageofRealienadvancement,whoknowswhatgoesoninthemindofthoseresponsibleforthesemechanicaldolls.”找教案http://

PartTwTeachingResources(第二部分：教学资源)

Section1:AtextstructureanalysisofWHOAMI?

I.TypeofwritingandsummaryofWHOAMI?

Typeofwriting

Thisisapieceofnarrativewriting.

Mainideaofthepassage

Beginningasjustacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance,thecomputerhasbeenexperiencingimprovementagainandoveragainover300yearsormore,whichhasnotonlymadeitmorebeautifulandintelligentbutalsochangedman’slifeagreatdeal!

Topicsentenceof1stparagraph

Ibeganasacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance.

Topicsentenceof2ndparagraph

NoonecouldrecognizemeafterIgotmynewtransistorsinthe1960s.

II.Achainofeventsshowingthedevelopmentofcomputeracalculatingmachinein1642inFrance→anAnalyticalMachinein1822→a“universalmachine.”in1936→thesizeofalargeroom→madesmallerandsmaller→gettingnewtransistorsin1960s→cleverandquicker→anetworkintheearly1960s→talkingtohumansusingBASICintheearly1960s→broughtintopeople’shomesin1970s→Internet

III.AretoldversionofthetextWHOAMI?

I,thecomputer,wasacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance.ThenIwasbuiltasanAnalyticalMachinein1822,whichwasatechnologicalrevolution.Ibecamea“universalmachine”in1936tosolveanymathematicalproblem.IwasnotverybigatfirstthenIbecamehuge,thesizeofalargeroombeforeIwasmadesmallerandsmaller.

Gettingnewtransistorsin1960sIbecamecleverandquicker.Iwasconnectedwithothercomputersandturnedouttopartofanetworkintheearly1960s.ThenIbegantalkingtohumansusingBASICintheearly1960s.In1970sIwasbroughtintopeople’shomes,andcametheInternet.

Section2:Backgroundinformationcomputers

I.HowDoComputersWork?

ComputerBasics

Toaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.

Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouseandspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.

Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindows98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.

Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.

HowTheyWorkTogetherFirst,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.

Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.

Ifyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveprovidedinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsersoftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputeroverthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.II.Television

Oldportabletelevision

Atelevision(alsoTVortelly)isadevice(tool)withascreenthatreceivesbroadcastsignalsandturnsthemintopicturesandsound.Theword“television”comesfromthewordstele(Greekforfaraway)andvision(seeing).

UsuallyaTVlookslikeabox.OlderTVshadlargewoodenframesandsatonthefloorlikefurniture.NewerTVsbecamesmallersotheycouldfitonshelves,orevenportablesoyoucouldtakeitwithyouwhereveryouwent.ThesmallestTVscanfitinyourhand.ThelargestTVscantakeupawholewallinyourhouse,andmaysitonthefloor,orbejustalargeflatscreenthatcanbemountedonthewall.ManyTVsarenowmadeinwidescreenshapelikemovietheatrescreens,ratherthanold,moresquareTVs.

Atelevisionhasanantenna(oraerial),orithasacable.Thisgetsthesignalfromtheair,orcableprovider.TVscanalsoshowmoviesfromDVDplayersorVCRs.TVscanbeconnectedtocomputersandgameconsoles,usuallythroughakindofsocketcalled“SCART”.

III.WeborWorldWideWeb

TheWorldWideWebisthepartoftheInternetthatcontainswebsitesandwebpages.ItisnotusedtodescribeWebPagesthatareusedofflinewherenetservicesarenotavailable,ornocomputernetworkexists-suchasWikipediaonCD.Inthiscasenorealphysicalsiteexistsotherthantheplacewherethecomputeris.BlogandWikicapabilitieswillalsonotbeavailablebecausetheserequireacommunicationwithothercomputers.IV.Radio

Radioisacommunicationsinvention.Thoughoriginallyusedtocommunicatebetweentwopeople,itisnowusedtolistentomusic,news,andpeopletalking.RadioshowswerethepredecessortoTVprograms.V.DVD

DVDmostcommonlystandsfor“digitalversatiledisk”.ItcanplayvideothatisofahigherqualitythanaVHStape.VI.TwokindsofDVD

Theycanalsohold4.7GBofinformationasopposedtothe700MBthataCDcanhold.AplusofusingaDVDforavideoistheabilitytohaveinteractivemenusandbonusfeaturessuchasdeletedscenesandcommentaries.VII.Email

Email(electronicmail)isamessage,usuallytext,sentfromoneInternetusertoanother.Emailisquickerthansnailmail(mail)whensendingoverlongdistancesandisusuallyfree.Tosendorreceiveanemail,acomputerwithamodemandtelephonelineconnectedtotheInternet,andanemailprogramarerequired.Emailaddressesaregenerallyformatedlikethis:[emailprotected](comorfrororgorukorother).

Somecompaniesletyousendandreceiveemailforfreefromawebsite.Gmail,HotmailandYahoo!dothis.VIII.Human

Herearetwohumans.Amanisontheleftandawomanisontheright.Ahumanorhumanbeingisaperson,likeyou.Amalehumanisaman,afemalehumanisawoman.Ifyouthinkaboutallhumansinthewholeworld,theyarecalledhumanity.Inthepast,peoplehavealsousedmanandmankindtomeanallhumans.HumansarecalledHomosapiensbyscientists.Humansareananimalspeciesthatbelongstothegroupcalledprimates.Monkeysareprimatestoo,buttheprimatesmostlikepeoplearegorillasandchimpanzees.Mostscientiststhinkthatchimpanzeesandhumanscamefromacommonancestorbywhatiscalledevolution.Otheranimalsevenmorelikehumansthanchimpanzeesoncelivedtoo,buttheyarenowextinct.Humanrightsarethosethingsthateveryonedeservesandthewaytheyshouldbetreatedbyotherpeople.Section3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit3Computers

common

n.1.anareaofgrasslandwithnofenceswhichallpeoplearefreetouseorapieceofopenlandforrecreationaluseinanurbanarea(常用于专有名词中):EverySaturdayJeanwentridingonthevillagecommon.HarlowCommonisverybeautifulinwinter.哈洛公园在冬天时风景很美。2.incommon:insharedpossession3.outofcommon:unusualadj.1.oforassociatedwiththegreatmassesofpeople:Thecommonpeopleinthosedayssufferedgreatly.2.tobeexpected;standard:commondecency.3.commontoorsharedbytwoormoreparties:commonfriend.4.ofnospecialdistinctionorquality;widelyknownorcommonlyencountered;averageorordinaryorusual:thecommonman.5.belongingtoorparticipatedinbyacommunityasawhole;public:forthecommongood.6.commonlyencountered:acommon(orfamiliar)complaint.7.beingorcharacteristicoforappropriatetoeverydaylanguage:commonparlance.8.lackingrefinementorcultivationortaste:behaviorthatbrandedhimascommon.9.ofloworinferiorqualityorvalue:produced...thecommonclothsusedbythepoorerpopulation.

simple

n.1.anyherbaceousplanthavingmedicinalproperties2.apersonlackingintelligenceorcommonsenseadj.1.notelaborateinstyle;unornamented:asimplecountryschoolhouse.2.(botany)ofleafshapes;ofleaveshavingnodivisionsorsubdivisions3.havingfewparts;notcomplexorcomplicatedorinvolved:asimpleproblem.4.easyandnotinvolvedorcomplicated:asimplegame.)5.lackingmentalcapacityanddevoidofsubtlety6.exhibitingchildlikesimplicityandcredulity:simplecourtesy.

technology

n.1.thepracticalapplicationofsciencetocommerceorindustry2.thedisciplinedealingwiththeartorscienceofapplyingscientificknowledgetopracticalproblems

universal

n.couplingthatconnectstworotatingshaftsallowingfreedomofmovementinalldirections:Inmotorvehiclesauniversaljointallowsthedriveshafttomoveupanddownasthevehiclepassesoverbumps.)adj.ofworldwidescopeorapplicability:universalexperience.

mathematical

adj.1.statisticallypossiblethoughhighlyimprobable:haveamathematicalchanceofmakingtheplayoffs.2.beyondquestion:amathematicalcertainty.3.oforpertainingtoorofthenatureofmathematics:amathematicaltextbook.4.characterizedbytheexactnessorprecisionofmathematics:mathematicalprecision.5.relatingtoorhavingabilitytothinkinorworkwithnumbers:amathematicalwhiz.

artificial

adj.1.contrivedbyartratherthannature:artificialflowers.2.notarisingfromnaturalgrowthorcharacterizedbyvitalprocesses3.artificiallyformal:Herhusbandhatedtheartificialhumility.

disagree

v.1.bedifferentfromoneanother2.beofdifferentopinions:Shedisagreeswithherhusbandonmanyquestions.

disadvantage

n.thequalityofhavinganinferiororlessfavorablepositionv.putatadisadvantage;hinder,harm:Thisruleclearlydisadvantagesme.

choice

n.1.theactofchoosingorselecting:Yourchoiceofcolorswasunfortunate.)2.oneofanumberofthingsfromwhichonlyonecanbechosen:Myonlychoiceistorefuse.

adj.1.ofsuperiorgrade:choicewines.2.appealingtorefinedtaste:choicewine.

material

n.1.thingsneededfordoingormakingsomething:writingmaterials.2.information(dataorideasorobservations)thatcanbeusedorreworkedintoafinishedform:Thearchivesprovidedrichmaterialforadefinitivebiography.)3.apersonjudgedsuitableforadmissionoremployment:Hewasuniversitymaterial.4.thetangiblesubstancethatgoesintothemakeupofaphysicalobject:Coalisahardblackmaterial.5.artifactmadebyweavingorfeltingorknittingorcrochetingnaturalorsyntheticfibers:Shemeasuredoffenoughmaterialforadress.

adj.1.directlyrelevanttoamatterespeciallyalawcase:Hissupportmadeamaterialdifference.2.concernedwithoraffectingphysicalasdistinctfromintellectualorpsychologicalwell-being:materialneeds.3.concernedwithworldlyratherthanspiritualinterests:materialpossessions.4.derivedfromorcomposedofmatter:Thematerialuniverse.5.havingsubstanceorcapableofbeingtreatedasfact;notimaginary

mate

n.1.thepartnerofananimal(especiallyasexualpartner):Helovedthemareandallhermates.2.afellowmemberofateam:Itwashisfirststartagainsthisformerteammates.

create

v.1.investwithanewtitle,office,orrank:Createoneapeer.2.createbyartisticmeans:Createapoem.3.bringintoexistence:Thecompanywascreated25yearsago.4.makeorcausetobeortobecome:createafuror.

move

n.1.theactofdecidingtodosomething:Hedidn’tmakeamovetohelp.2.theactofchangingyourresidenceorplaceofbusiness:Theysaythatthreemovesequalonefire.3.theactofchanginglocationfromoneplacetoanother:Themovementofpeoplefromthefarmstothecities.4.achangeofpositionthatdoesnotentailachangeoflocation:Movementisasignoflife.v.1.disposeofbyselling:Thechairmanofthecompanytoldthesalesmentomovethecomputers.2.liveone’slifeinaspecifiedenvironment:Shemovesincertaincirclesonly.3.goorproceedfromonepointtoanother:Thedebatemovedfromfamilyvaluestotheeconomy.4.arousesympathyorcompassionin:Herfatemovedusall.5.movesoastochangeposition,performanontranslationalmotion:Hemovedhishandslightlytotheright.6.causetomove,bothinaconcreteandinanabstractsense:Movethoseboxesintothecorner,please.7.changeresidence,affiliation,orplaceofemployment:WemovedfromIdahotoNebraska.8.performanaction,orworkoutorperform(anaction):Wemustmovequickly.9.changelocation;move,travel,orproceed:Thesoldiersmovedtowardsthecityinanattempttotakeitbeforenightfell.10.giveanincentiveforaction:Thismovedmetosacrificemycareer.

brain

n.1.partofthecentralnervoussystemthatincludesallthehighernervouscenters;enclosedwithintheskull;continuouswiththespinalcord2.mentalability:He’sgotplentyofbrainsbutnocommonsense.

spoil

n.1.theactofstrippingandtakingbyforce2.theactofspoilingsomethingbycausingdamagetoit:Herspoilingmydresswasdeliberate.3.(usuallyplural)valuablestakenbyviolence(especiallyinwar):Tothevictorbelongthespoilsoftheenemy.v.1.becomeunfitforconsumptionoruse:Themeatmustbeeatenbeforeitspoils.2.haveastrongdesireorurgetodosomething:Heisspoilingforafight.

mop

n.cleaningimplementconsistingofabsorbentmaterialfastenedtoahandle;forcleaningfloorsv.1.makeasadfaceandthrustoutone’slowerlip:Mopandmow.)2.towashorwipewithorasifwithamop:Mopthehallwaynow.

wander

v.1.goviaanindirectrouteoratnosetpace:Afterdinner,wewanderedintotown.2.moveaboutaimlesslyorwithoutanydestination,ofteninsearchoffoodoremployment:ThewanderingJew.3.loseclarityorturnasideespeciallyfromthemainsubjectofattentionorcourseofargumentinwriting,thinking,orspeaking:Hermindwanders.4.besexuallyunfaithfultoone’spartnerinmarriage:Mightherhusbandbewandering?5.tomoveorcausetomoveinasinuous,spiral,orcircularcourse:Sometimes,thegoutwandersthroughtheentirebody.

人教英语新课标必修2全册精品教案(Unit3Computer)

一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性，高中教师要准备好教案，这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收，帮助高中教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗？小编经过搜集和处理，为您提供人教英语新课标必修2全册精品教案(Unit3Computer)，欢迎阅读，希望您能阅读并收藏。

Unit3Computer

PartOne:TeachingDesign(第一部分：教学设计)

Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading

(WHOAMI?)

Aims

Totalkaboutcomputer

Toreadaboutcomputer

Procedures

I.Warmingup

Warmingupbytalkingaboutcomputer

Lookatthepicturesonpage17.Whatarethey?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Yes,theyarecomputers.Thenwhatisacomputer?

Acomputerisamachinewhichstoresknowledgeinitsmemoryanddoescalculationsonthatknowledge.Thisknowledgeisstoredinsymbols;itiscalleddata.Acomputerusuallyhasamonitortoshowresults.However,somecomputerscanspeak;thesecomputerscanbeusedforvoicemail.

计算机室

Acomputerfrequentlyrequiresabootdevice.Thebootdevicecontainsthecomputer’soperatingsystemanddata.Computerprogramscanbeinstalledontoacomputer.SomepeoplethinkthatcomputersarelessusefuliftheydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.TheythinkthisbecausetheInternetallowsthecomputerstosendandreceivedataandemailacrosstheworld.

曙光3000巨型计算机

Acomputerisnowalmostalwaysanelectronicdevice.Itusuallycontainsmaterialswhicharetoxic;thesematerialswillbecometoxicwastewhendisposedof.Whenanewcomputerispurchasedinsomeplaces,lawsrequirethatthecostofitswastemanagementmustalsobepaidfor.Thisiscalledproductstewardship.

Insomecountriesoldcomputersarerecycled(melteddown)togetgoldandothermetals.Thisisdangerous,becausethisprocedurereleasesthetoxicwasteintothewaterandsoil.

Computersbecomeobsoletequickly.Veryoftentheyaregivenawayandnewonesreplacethemwithintwoorthreeyears.Thismakestheproblemworse.Computerrecyclingisthuscommon.Manyprojectstrytosendworkingcomputerstodevelopingnationssotheycanbere-usedandwillnotbecomewasteasquickly.

Computerjargon计算机行话

Computerjargonmeanswordstodowithcomputersandsurroundingtopics.Knowingwhatthesewordsmeancanhelpyouknowmoreaboutcomputers.Somepeopleusethesewordstoimpressotherpeople(Alsoknownasbuzzwords).

Examplesofjargon:

Bit-Thesmallestdataunit,caneitherbea“0.”ora“1.”.

Byte-unitofdata.SeealsoKilobyte,Megabyte,GigabyteandNibble

CPU–CentralProcessingUnit,Anothernameforprocessor

Data-Informationstoredonacomputer

Disk-Aplacetostoredata.

Email-Electronicmail.

GHz-Gigahertz.Usedoftenincorrectlytodescribethespeedofaprocessor.Butwithsome2.4GHzprocessorsfasterthan3.6GHzones,itisclearthatitisjustasalesmantrick.

Load-Getdatafromadisk

Nibble-HalfaByte

Save-Putdataonadisk

RAM–random-accessmemory(随机存取存储器),themorethebetter.

USB-UniversalSerialBus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插接多种附件的薄型插座）

WWW-WorldWideWeb,partoftheInternet

II.Pre-reading

1.QuestioningandansweringWhatdoyouknowaboutcomputer?

●Electronicmachinecapableofperformingcalculationsandothermanipulationsofvarioustypesofdata,underthecontrolofastoredsetofinstructions.Themachineitselfisthehardware;theinstructionsaretheprogramorsoftware.Dependinguponsize,computersarecalledmainframes,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.Microcomputersincludedesk-topandportablepersonalcomputers.

●Amulti-functionelectronicdevicethatcanexecuteinstructionstoperformatask.

●Adevicethatacceptsinformation,processesit,andsuppliesanoutput.Acomputerusuallycontainsmemory,acontrolunit,arithmeticandlogicalunits,andameansforinputandoutput.

●aprogrammablehardwarecomponentthatiscontrolledbyinternallystoredprogramsandthatcanperformsubstantialcomputations(includingarithmeticandlogicoperations)withouthumanintervention.Acomputertypicallyconsistsofoneormoreprocessingunits,memoryunits,andassociatedperipheralinputandoutputdevices.

●Relatedtoautomationandelectronicdataprocessing.TheLibraryofCongresscommonlyclassesmostcomputer-relatedbooksinHF5548,QA75-76,Z52,T385,andsomeTKranges.

●amachineforperformingcalculationsautomatically

calculator:anexpertatcalculation(oratoperatingcalculatingmachines)

●Acomputerisadeviceormachineformakingcalculationsorcontrollingoperationsthatareexpressibleinnumericalorlogicalterms.Computersareconstructedfromcomponentsthatperformsimplewell-definedfunctions.Thecomplexinteractionsofthesecomponentsendowcomputerswiththeabilitytoprocessinformation.Ifcorrectlyconfigured(usuallyby,programming)acomputercanbemadetorepresentsomeaspectofaproblemorpartofasystem.Ifacomputerconfiguredinthiswayisgive

2.DiscussingandsharingHowhavecomputerschangedourlives?

Somedaysoon,ifyouhaven’talready,you’relikelytoplugintothecomputernetworknationgrowinginourmidst.Computerterminals,orsmallcomputersconnectedviamodem(amodulator/demodulatorcircuitforencoding/decodingcomputerchatter)toordinarytelephonelines,shouldbeasubiquitousasthetelephoneitself.They’reamuchmoreusefulandhumanetoolthanthephone,andwithcorporateAmericabehindthemthenetworkswillbeeverywhere----changingourlivesmorethananytechnologysincetheautomobile.

Joiningacomputernetworkisthesameasjoiningacommunity.Smallsystemsarelikevillages,wherenewmembersareformallywelcomed.Thelargernetworks,theSourceandCompuServe,forexample,arecities-anonymous,fulloflifeandevents,butdifficulttofitinto.

III.Reading

1.ListeningandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?

Turntopage18andlistenandreadtotherecordingofthetext.Payattentiontothepauses,pronunciationandintonationofthenativereader.

2.Readingaloudandunderliningexpressions

Nowwearetoreadthetextonceagainandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.

CollocationsfromWHOAMI?

beginas…,acalculatingmachine,bebuiltas…,followinstructionsfrom…,soundsimple,atthetime,atechnologicalrevolution,writeabook,make…work,solveproblems,becomehuge,hadartificialintelligence,gobackto…,thesizeof…,goby,changesize,becomesmallandthin,getquick,standtherebyoneself,beconnectedby…,shareinformationby…,talkto…,bring…into…,dealwith…,communicatewith…,servethehumanrace

3.Reading,identifyingandsettling

Attention,please!Itistimetoskimthetextonemoretimeandidentifythedifficultsentences.Tryanalyzingthestructuresofthedifficultsentencesanddiscussthemamongyourgroupmembers.Youmayalsoputyourquestionstomeforhelp.

Chat（online）（在线）聊天

Tochatistotalkaboutordinarythingsthatarenotveryimportant.Youcanchattoonepersonortomanypeople.PeoplealsousethiswordnowforpartsoftheInternetwherewecantalkwithmanydifferentpeopleatthesametime.Usually,youchatontheinternetinachatroomormessagingservicelikeAOL(AmericanOn-Line)InstantMessenger(AIM),YahooMessenger,orMSNMessenger.

4.Readingandtransferring

Scanthetextforinformationtocompletethetablebelow,describingthedevelopmentofcomputer.

In1642

In1822

In1936

In1960s

In1970s

IV.Closingdownbydoingcomprehendingexercises

Turntopage18andinpairsdothecomprehendingexercisesNo.1and2.

Period2:AsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage

(ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice)

Aims

TolearntouseThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice

Todiscoverusefulwordsandexpression

Todiscoverusefulstructures

ProceduresI.Warmingupbyreadingtothetape

Tobeginwith,turntopage18,listeningtoandreadingtotherecordingofthetextWHOAMI?Attentiongoestothepausesandintonation,aswellasthepronunciationofthereader.

II.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

Inpairsdotheexercises1,2and3onpages19and20.Youmustfinishthemin10minutes.

III.Learningaboutgrammar

1.PassiveVoice—Overview

TenseorModel

PassiveSentence

SimplePresent

TheTOEFLexamisgiveneverysixmonths.

Simplepast

TheTOEFLexamwasgivenlastmonth.

SimpleFuture

TheTOEFLexamthisyearwillbegivenonOctober15.

PresentContinuous

TheTOEFLexamisbeinggiveneveryyear.

Presentperfect

TheTOEFLexamhasbeengiveneveryyearsince1950.

Pastperfect

TheTOEFLexamhadbeengivenbeforetheVietnamWaroccurred.

SimpleModal

TheTOEFLexamshouldbegiventoeveryForeignstudent.

PastModal

TheTOEFLexamshouldhavebeengiventoalltoenterUScolleges.

2.ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice

ThestructureofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoiceis:have/has＋been＋~ed

IV.Readingaloudanddiscovering

Nowgobacktopage18toreadaloudanddiscoverinthetextexamplesofThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice.

Astheyearshavegoneby,Ihavebeenmadesmallerandsmaller.

Sincethen,myfamilyandIhavebeenusedbybillionsofpeopletodealwithinformationwitheachotheraroundtheworldbytheInternet.

V.Discoveringusefulstructure

Weshalldogrammarexercises1,2and3onpage20.

VI.Closingdownbydoingaquiz

Correctthemistakesinthesepassivevoicesentences

Example:Thehousewasbuildin1880.(correct=Thehousewasbuiltin1880.)

1.3000employeeswerelayingoff.

2.Astorywillmadeup.

3.Anideawasputtedforwardfordiscussion.

4.Hasthebookbeengivebacktoyouyet?

5.Mybankloanwillbepayedoffinfiveyearstime.

6.Nothingcanbeholdagainstme.

7.Ourallieswillbelendsupport.

8.Shehasneverheardof.

9.Shewasbeingknockeddownbyabus.

10.Shewaslettedoffwithafine.

11.Thecandlewasblowoutbythedraught.

12.Thecriminalwerelockedup.

13.Thefloodwaterwasbekeptbackbybarriers.

14.Theinconveniencewillmadeupforbythismoney.

15.Thekeysmusthavebeenbeingleftbehind.

16.Theoldcinemaisbeingpulldown.

17.Theprotestersbeingheldbackbythepolice.

18.Theroadwasblockingoff.

19.Thirtymorepeoplewerelaidofflastweek.

20.Yourjacketcanbehangedupoverthere.

Period3:AsamplelessonplanforUsingLanguage

(ANDY—THEANDROID)

Aims

TodiscussaboutIT

TowriteareportaboutIT

Toreadaboutandroidsorrobots

Procedures

I.WarmingupbytalkingaboutIT

WhatisInformationtechnology?Informationtechnology(IT)orinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)isthetechnologyrequiredforinformationprocessing.Inparticulartheuseofelectroniccomputersandcomputersoftwaretoconvert,store,protect,process,transmit,andretrieveinformationfromanywhere,anytime.

II.Listeningandwriting

Turntopage21.LookatthepicturesandlistentoaconversationaboutdifferentkindsofinformationtechnologyorIT,discussandwritedowningroupstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachkind.

III.Speakingandwriting

Supposeyouandyourpartneraregoingtohelpchoosecomputersforyourschool.Nowtalkaboutthespecialthingseachofthecomputercandoandwriteareporttoyourheadmaster.

IV.Reading,underliningandspeaking

Itissaidthatcomputerscouldbeputintoandroidsorrobots.ReadthetextAndy—TheAndroid,underliningalltheexpressionsandthinkofthefunyoucouldhave!

ExpressionsfromAndy—TheAndroid

partofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,beas…as…,infat,looklike…,onthefootballteam,runfast,thinklikeahuman,shoutto…,incomputerlanguage,haveagoodshotforagoal,getsecondplace,winthefirstplace,haveanewkindofprogram,improveone’sintelligence,createabettersystem,playagainstahumanteam,inaway,program…with…,makeup…,afterall,withthehelpof…

V.Writingaletter

Supposeyouareanandroid.Whatwouldsaytoaspoiledchildwhowouldnotdohishomework?Writealettertotheboy.

Android

Anandroidisanartificiallycreatedbeingthatresemblesahumanbeing.ThewordderivesfromGreekAndr-‘man,human’andthesuffix-eidesusedtomean‘ofthespecies,kind,alike’(fromeidos‘species’).

Theworddroid,arobotintheStarWarsuniverse,isderivedfromthismeaning.Somepeoplemaintainthat,etymologically,thewordandroidmeansresemblingamalehumanandthatarobotresemblingawomanshouldlogicallybecalledagynoidforsexistlanguagetobeavoided;however,thiswordisnotcommonlyused.

Unlikethetermsrobot(amechanicalbeing)andcyborg(abeingthatispartlyorganicandpartlymechanical),thewordandroidhasbeenusedinliteratureandothermediatodenoteseveraldifferentkindsofman-made,autonomouscreations:

arobotthatcloselyresemblesahuman

acyborgthatcloselyresemblesahuman

anartificiallycreated,yetprimarilyorganic,beingthatcloselyresemblesahuman

Althoughessentiallyhumanmorphologyisnottheidealformforworkingrobots,thefascinationindevelopingrobotsthatcanmimicitcanbefoundhistoricallyintheassimilationoftwoconcepts:simulacra(devicesthatexhibitlikeness)andautomata(devicesthathaveindependence).

ThetermandroidwasfirstusedbytheFrenchauthorMathiasVilliersdelIsle-Adam(1838-1889)inhisworkTomorrow’sEve,featuringaman-madehuman-likerobotnamedHadaly.Assaidbytheofficerinthestory,“InthisageofRealienadvancement,whoknowswhatgoesoninthemindofthoseresponsibleforthesemechanicaldolls.”

PartTwTeachingResources(第二部分：教学资源)

Section1:AtextstructureanalysisofWHOAMI?

I.TypeofwritingandsummaryofWHOAMI?

Typeofwriting

Thisisapieceofnarrativewriting.

Mainideaofthepassage

Beginningasjustacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance,thecomputerhasbeenexperiencingimprovementagainandoveragainover300yearsormore,whichhasnotonlymadeitmorebeautifulandintelligentbutalsochangedman’slifeagreatdeal!

Topicsentenceof1stparagraph

Ibeganasacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance.

Topicsentenceof2ndparagraph

NoonecouldrecognizemeafterIgotmynewtransistorsinthe1960s.

II.Achainofeventsshowingthedevelopmentofcomputer

acalculatingmachinein1642inFrance→anAnalyticalMachinein1822→a“universalmachine.”in1936→thesizeofalargeroom→madesmallerandsmaller→gettingnewtransistorsin1960s→cleverandquicker→anetworkintheearly1960s→talkingtohumansusingBASICintheearly1960s→broughtintopeople’shomesin1970s→Internet

III.AretoldversionofthetextWHOAMI?

I,thecomputer,wasacalculatingmachinein1642inFrance.ThenIwasbuiltasanAnalyticalMachinein1822,whichwasatechnologicalrevolution.Ibecamea“universalmachine”in1936tosolveanymathematicalproblem.IwasnotverybigatfirstthenIbecamehuge,thesizeofalargeroombeforeIwasmadesmallerandsmaller.

Gettingnewtransistorsin1960sIbecamecleverandquicker.Iwasconnectedwithothercomputersandturnedouttopartofanetworkintheearly1960s.ThenIbegantalkingtohumansusingBASICintheearly1960s.In1970sIwasbroughtintopeople’shomes,andcametheInternet.

Section2:Backgroundinformationcomputers

I.HowDoComputersWork?

ComputerBasics

Toaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.

Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouseandspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthatmakeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.

Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindows98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.

Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.

HowTheyWorkTogetherFirst,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.ThenthesystemsoftwaretellstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.

Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.Let’susetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,itisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyou’vesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitisabletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.

Ifyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveprovidedinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsersoftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputeroverthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.

II.Television

Oldportabletelevision

Atelevision(alsoTVortelly)isadevice(tool)withascreenthatreceivesbroadcastsignalsandturnsthemintopicturesandsound.Theword“television”comesfromthewordstele(Greekforfaraway)andvision(seeing).

UsuallyaTVlookslikeabox.OlderTVshadlargewoodenframesandsatonthefloorlikefurniture.NewerTVsbecamesmallersotheycouldfitonshelves,orevenportablesoyoucouldtakeitwithyouwhereveryouwent.ThesmallestTVscanfitinyourhand.ThelargestTVscantakeupawholewallinyourhouse,andmaysitonthefloor,orbejustalargeflatscreenthatcanbemountedonthewall.ManyTVsarenowmadeinwidescreenshapelikemovietheatrescreens,ratherthanold,moresquareTVs.

Atelevisionhasanantenna(oraerial),orithasacable.Thisgetsthesignalfromtheair,orcableprovider.TVscanalsoshowmoviesfromDVDplayersorVCRs.TVscanbeconnectedtocomputersandgameconsoles,usuallythroughakindofsocketcalled“SCART”.

III.WeborWorldWideWeb

TheWorldWideWebisthepartoftheInternetthatcontainswebsitesandwebpages.

ItisnotusedtodescribeWebPagesthatareusedofflinewherenetservicesarenotavailable,ornocomputernetworkexists-suchasWikipediaonCD.Inthiscasenorealphysicalsiteexistsotherthantheplacewherethecomputeris.BlogandWikicapabilitieswillalsonotbeavailablebecausetheserequireacommunicationwithothercomputers.

IV.Radio

Radioisacommunicationsinvention.Thoughoriginallyusedtocommunicatebetweentwopeople,itisnowusedtolistentomusic,news,andpeopletalking.RadioshowswerethepredecessortoTVprograms.

V.DVD

DVDmostcommonlystandsfor“digitalversatiledisk”.ItcanplayvideothatisofahigherqualitythanaVHStape.

VI.TwokindsofDVD

Theycanalsohold4.7GBofinformationasopposedtothe700MBthataCDcanhold.AplusofusingaDVDforavideoistheabilitytohaveinteractivemenusandbonusfeaturessuchasdeletedscenesandcommentaries.

VII.Email

Email(electronicmail)isamessage,usuallytext,sentfromoneInternetusertoanother.Emailisquickerthansnailmail(mail)whensendingoverlongdistancesandisusuallyfree.Tosendorreceiveanemail,acomputerwithamodemandtelephonelineconnectedtotheInternet,andanemailprogramarerequired.Emailaddressesaregenerallyformatedlikethis:[emailprotected](comorfrororgorukorother).

Somecompaniesletyousendandreceiveemailforfreefromawebsite.Gmail,HotmailandYahoo!dothis.

VIII.Human

Herearetwohumans.

Amanisontheleftandawomanisontheright.Ahumanorhumanbeingisaperson,likeyou.Amalehumanisaman,afemalehumanisawoman.Ifyouthinkaboutallhumansinthewholeworld,theyarecalledhumanity.Inthepast,peoplehavealsousedmanandmankindtomeanallhumans.

HumansarecalledHomosapiensbyscientists.Humansareananimalspeciesthatbelongstothegroupcalledprimates.Monkeysareprimatestoo,buttheprimatesmostlikepeoplearegorillasandchimpanzees.Mostscientiststhinkthatchimpanzeesandhumanscamefromacommonancestorbywhatiscalledevolution.Otheranimalsevenmorelikehumansthanchimpanzeesoncelivedtoo,buttheyarenowextinct.

Humanrightsarethosethingsthateveryonedeservesandthewaytheyshouldbetreatedbyotherpeople.

Section3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit3Computers

common

n.1.anareaofgrasslandwithnofenceswhichallpeoplearefreetouseorapieceofopenlandforrecreationaluseinanurbanarea(常用于专有名词中):EverySaturdayJeanwentridingonthevillagecommon.HarlowCommonisverybeautifulinwinter.哈洛公园在冬天时风景很美。2.incommon:insharedpossession3.outofcommon:unusualadj.1.oforassociatedwiththegreatmassesofpeople:Thecommonpeopleinthosedayssufferedgreatly.2.tobeexpected;standard:commondecency.3.commontoorsharedbytwoormoreparties:commonfriend.4.ofnospecialdistinctionorquality;widelyknownorcommonlyencountered;averageorordinaryorusual:thecommonman.5.belongingtoorparticipatedinbyacommunityasawhole;public:forthecommongood.6.commonlyencountered:acommon(orfamiliar)complaint.7.beingorcharacteristicoforappropriatetoeverydaylanguage:commonparlance.8.lackingrefinementorcultivationortaste:behaviorthatbrandedhimascommon.9.ofloworinferiorqualityorvalue:produced...thecommonclothsusedbythepoorerpopulation.

simple

n.1.anyherbaceousplanthavingmedicinalproperties2.apersonlackingintelligenceorcommonsenseadj.1.notelaborateinstyle;unornamented:asimplecountryschoolhouse.2.(botany)ofleafshapes;ofleaveshavingnodivisionsorsubdivisions3.havingfewparts;notcomplexorcomplicatedorinvolved:asimpleproblem.4.easyandnotinvolvedorcomplicated:asimplegame.)5.lackingmentalcapacityanddevoidofsubtlety6.exhibitingchildlikesimplicityandcredulity:simplecourtesy.

technology

n.1.thepracticalapplicationofsciencetocommerceorindustry2.thedisciplinedealingwiththeartorscienceofapplyingscientificknowledgetopracticalproblems

universal

n.couplingthatconnectstworotatingshaftsallowingfreedomofmovementinalldirections:Inmotorvehiclesauniversaljointallowsthedriveshafttomoveupanddownasthevehiclepassesoverbumps.)adj.ofworldwidescopeorapplicability:universalexperience.

mathematical

adj.1.statisticallypossiblethoughhighlyimprobable:haveamathematicalchanceofmakingtheplayoffs.2.beyondquestion:amathematicalcertainty.3.oforpertainingtoorofthenatureofmathematics:amathematicaltextbook.4.characterizedbytheexactnessorprecisionofmathematics:mathematicalprecision.5.relatingtoorhavingabilitytothinkinorworkwithnumbers:amathematicalwhiz.

artificial

adj.1.contrivedbyartratherthannature:artificialflowers.2.notarisingfromnaturalgrowthorcharacterizedbyvitalprocesses3.artificiallyformal:Herhusbandhatedtheartificialhumility.

disagree

v.1.bedifferentfromoneanother2.beofdifferentopinions:Shedisagreeswithherhusbandonmanyquestions.

disadvantage

n.thequalityofhavinganinferiororlessfavorablepositionv.putatadisadvantage;hinder,harm:Thisruleclearlydisadvantagesme.

choice

n.1.theactofchoosingorselecting:Yourchoiceofcolorswasunfortunate.)2.oneofanumberofthingsfromwhichonlyonecanbechosen:Myonlychoiceistorefuse.

adj.1.ofsuperiorgrade:choicewines.2.appealingtorefinedtaste:choicewine.

material

n.1.thingsneededfordoingormakingsomething:writingmaterials.2.information(dataorideasorobservations)thatcanbeusedorreworkedintoafinishedform:Thearchivesprovidedrichmaterialforadefinitivebiography.)3.apersonjudgedsuitableforadmissionoremployment:Hewasuniversitymaterial.4.thetangiblesubstancethatgoesintothemakeupofaphysicalobject:Coalisahardblackmaterial.5.artifactmadebyweavingorfeltingorknittingorcrochetingnaturalorsyntheticfibers:Shemeasuredoffenoughmaterialforadress.

adj.1.directlyrelevanttoamatterespeciallyalawcase:Hissupportmadeamaterialdifference.2.concernedwithoraffectingphysicalasdistinctfromintellectualorpsychologicalwell-being:materialneeds.3.concernedwithworldlyratherthanspiritualinterests:materialpossessions.4.derivedfromorcomposedofmatter:Thematerialuniverse.5.havingsubstanceorcapableofbeingtreatedasfact;notimaginary

mate

n.1.thepartnerofananimal(especiallyasexualpartner):Helovedthemareandallhermates.2.afellowmemberofateam:Itwashisfirststartagainsthisformerteammates.

create

v.1.investwithanewtitle,office,orrank:Createoneapeer.2.createbyartisticmeans:Createapoem.3.bringintoexistence:Thecompanywascreated25yearsago.4.makeorcausetobeortobecome:createafuror.

move

n.1.theactofdecidingtodosomething:Hedidn’tmakeamovetohelp.2.theactofchangingyourresidenceorplaceofbusiness:Theysaythatthreemovesequalonefire.3.theactofchanginglocationfromoneplacetoanother:Themovementofpeoplefromthefarmstothecities.4.achangeofpositionthatdoesnotentailachangeoflocation:Movementisasignoflife.v.1.disposeofbyselling:Thechairmanofthecompanytoldthesalesmentomovethecomputers.2.liveone’slifeinaspecifiedenvironment:Shemovesincertaincirclesonly.3.goorproceedfromonepointtoanother:Thedebatemovedfromfamilyvaluestotheeconomy.4.arousesympathyorcompassionin:Herfatemovedusall.5.movesoastochangeposition,performanontranslationalmotion:Hemovedhishandslightlytotheright.6.causetomove,bothinaconcreteandinanabstractsense:Movethoseboxesintothecorner,please.7.changeresidence,affiliation,orplaceofemployment:WemovedfromIdahotoNebraska.8.performanaction,orworkoutorperform(anaction):Wemustmovequickly.9.changelocation;move,travel,orproceed:Thesoldiersmovedtowardsthecityinanattempttotakeitbeforenightfell.10.giveanincentiveforaction:Thismovedmetosacrificemycareer.

brain

n.1.partofthecentralnervoussystemthatincludesallthehighernervouscenters;enclosedwithintheskull;continuouswiththespinalcord2.mentalability:He’sgotplentyofbrainsbutnocommonsense.

spoil

n.1.theactofstrippingandtakingbyforce2.theactofspoilingsomethingbycausingdamagetoit:Herspoilingmydresswasdeliberate.3.(usuallyplural)valuablestakenbyviolence(especiallyinwar):Tothevictorbelongthespoilsoftheenemy.v.1.becomeunfitforconsumptionoruse:Themeatmustbeeatenbeforeitspoils.2.haveastrongdesireorurgetodosomething:Heisspoilingforafight.

mop

n.cleaningimplementconsistingofabsorbentmaterialfastenedtoahandle;forcleaningfloorsv.1.makeasadfaceandthrustoutone’slowerlip:Mopandmow.)2.towashorwipewithorasifwithamop:Mopthehallwaynow.

wander

v.1.goviaanindirectrouteoratnosetpace:Afterdinner,wewanderedintotown.2.moveaboutaimlesslyorwithoutanydestination,ofteninsearchoffoodoremployment:ThewanderingJew.3.loseclarityorturnasideespeciallyfromthemainsubjectofattentionorcourseofargumentinwriting,thinking,orspeaking:Hermindwanders.4.besexuallyunfaithfultoone’spartnerinmarriage:Mightherhusbandbewandering?5.tomoveorcausetomoveinasinuous,spiral,orcircularcourse:Sometimes,thegoutwandersthroughtheentirebody.

Unit 3 Computers 教学设计

经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容，帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗？为满足您的需求，小编特地编辑了“Unit 3 Computers 教学设计”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

本单元的话题是IT技术，计算机的发展史和机器人。

WarmingUp部分通过展示算盘、计算器、计算机等图片，引导学生思考计算机的不同形式，并要求学生运用“做决定”的表达。

Pre-reading提出两个问题，引导学生谈论计算机对我们生活的影响。引起学生对计算机这个话题的兴趣。

Reading部分运用拟人的手法，以第一人称的身份按时间顺序介绍了计算机的发展史。

Comprehending部分主要要求学生掌握以时间为线索的文章的特点，并能通过填写时间表来归纳出文章的主要信息。

LearningaboutLanguage部分的练习引导学生关注新出现的词汇以及形容词和副词的区别；并且通过仿照例子，初步掌握“现在完成时的被动语态”。

UsingLanguage部分的听说读写都是围绕不同形式的信息技术和不同种类的电子计算机各自的优缺点这两个话题展开训练。而且要求学生在听说读之后，能用上“做决定”、“推理”的表达法和“现在完成时的被动语态”进行报告，学会写作关于机器人话题的文章。

LearningTip部分建议学生多从图书馆、报刊、杂志、网络等途径，多方面来增加词汇、提高听说读写的能力。

将WarmingUp部分与Pre-reading,Reading,Comprehending部分放在同一课时教学，设计成一节阅读课。

将LearningaboutLanguage及Workbook（WB）中的UsingStructures放在一起教学，上一节词法、语法课。把UsingLanguage中的Readingandspeaking部分的阅读文章布置为课外阅读作业。

将UsingLanguage中的Listeningandwriting，Speakingandwriting（把ReadingandSpeaking中的任务改为“向老师销售电脑”）和Writing部分设计成一节语言运用课（1），重点是培养学生“说”的技能。

把UsingLanguage中的Writing部分布置为课外作业。将WB中的Listening、Talking和ListeningTask结合在一起，设计成一节语言运用课（2），重点是培养学生的“听”的技能。把WB中的Usingwordsandexpressions布置为课外作业。

将WB中的Readingtask与Speakingtask结合在一起，设计成一节语言运用课(3)，重点是培养学生的“读”和“说”的技能。

将WB中的Writingtask设计成一节写作评价课。

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