一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。您知道教案应该要怎么下笔吗？考虑到您的需要，小编特地编辑了“高三英语教案：《Unit 2　Working the land》教学设计”，欢迎阅读，希望您能够喜欢并分享！

●重点单词

1．struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力

2．output n．产量；输出

3．hunger n．饥饿；欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的；有欲望的

4．expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述→expansion n．扩大；增加

5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环流通

6．battle n．战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi.搏斗；奋斗

7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而

8．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)

9．export vt. & vi.输出；出口→import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口

10．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；国有的

11．occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领

12．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑

13．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的

14．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师

15．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式)细菌

16．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化→reduction n．缩小；减少

17．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结

18．comment n．评论；议论 vi. & vt.表达意见；作出评论

●重点短语

1．thanks to幸亏；由于

2．rid...of 摆脱；除去

3．be satisfied with 对……感到满意

4．would rather 宁愿；宁可

5．build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发

6．lead to 导致；造成

7．focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于

8．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)

9．make a difference 造成差异，很重要

10．keep in mind 牢记在心

11．cause damage to 对……造成危害

12．in addition 再者，还有

13．turn to 转向

●重点句型

1．Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

2．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one－third more of the crop in the same fields.

这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量。

3．Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。

4．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。

●高考范文

(2009·重庆卷)

国外某网站将举办新一轮网上讲座活动，正面向全球中学生征集话题。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，经常访问该网站。现请你用英文给该网站发送一封电子邮件，向其推荐话题。

内容包括：

·自我简介

·写信目的

·话题：我们应该感恩(thankful)

·推荐的理由

·预祝活动成功

注意：1. 词数100左右。

2. 邮件中不能出现本人真实信息。

[范文]

Dear Editor，

I am Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School, and in my spare time I often visit your website, from which I know that you are collecting topics for discussion. Being interested in it, I'd like to recommend my topic, which is “We Should Be Thankful”. As you know, we middle school students,

the new generation, who were born in the early 1990s, have been growing up with so much love from others. Some of us always take it for granted that our parents, grandparents and teachers should take care of us. Needless to say, we seldom think of others‘ feelings. Therefore, I hope by discussing this topic, we can learn to thank those who always give us their selfless love.

Wish your activity a success.

Yours，

Li Hua

考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

1．struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎　n．斗争；挣扎

struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争

struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取……

struggle through 奋力通过

struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来

struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事

with a struggle 费劲地

[即学即练1](1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals.

为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。

(2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties.

他们得和各样的困难作斗争。

(3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。

struggle

for

against

struggle

with / against

struggled

to

get

away

from

(4)______ ______ ______ __________， the old woman gained control of her business.

经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。

After

a

long

struggle

2．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述

expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展

expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的

expand into/to 使扩大，变大

expand on/upon 阐述，详谈

[即学即练2](1)Metals ________ when they are heated.

金属受热会膨胀。

(2)We've __________ ______ __________ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。

(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _________.

我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。

expand

expanded

the

business

expand

3. therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以

[即学即练3]He was very tired and __________ he fell sound asleep.

＝He was very tired. __________ he fell sound asleep.

＝He was very tired, ______ he fell sound asleep.

他累得很，因此睡得很熟。

therefore

Therefore

so

提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。

4．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备

equipment n. [U]装备；设备

equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物

equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备

sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事

equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事

be equipped with sth. 装备有某物

a piece of equipment 一件设备

[即学即练4](1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder.

我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。

(2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。

(3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________.

我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。

is

equipped

with

equip

you

for

life

some

new

equipment

5．regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜

refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝

to one's regret 令人遗憾的是

feel regretful for....对……感到后悔

express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾

regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事

regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾……

regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……

It's much to be regretted that...

令人遗憾的是……

[即学即练5](1)He regretted _________ ______ careless.

＝He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless.

他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。

(2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。

(3)______ ______ ______ ______， I must leave now.

令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。

(4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。

having

been

that

he

had

been

to

inform

Much

to

my

regret

with

regret

6．focus n．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点

v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦

be in focus 焦距对准；清晰

be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊

bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上

focus sth. on (upon) sth.＝fix...on...

使……集中于……

be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on 集中于……

[即学即练6](1)The ______ ______ my camera isn‘t working properly.

我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。

(2)Her beauty makes her ______ ______ ______ ________.

她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。

(3)We should ______ ______ _________ ______ our study.

我们应该把注意力放在学习上。

(4)She felt all the eyes ______ _________ ______ her.

她觉得所有人都在注视着她。

focus

on

the

focus

of

attention

focus

our

attention

on

were

focused

on

7．reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化

reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支

be reduced to despair 陷入绝望

reduce to... 降至……

reduce by... 减少了……

[即学即练7](1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000.

他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。

(2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third.

生产成本下降了1/3。

(3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees.

大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。

reduce

to

been

reduced

by

reduced

to

8．comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论

ask for comment 征求意见

make comments on sth.评论某事

No comment. 无可奉告。

Without comment. 不必多说。

comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见

comment(v.)that－clause评论……

[即学即练8](1)Have you any ___________ ______ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？

(2)It created ______ ___________ in the press.

这引起报界广泛的评论。

(3)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work.

他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。

(4)He ____________ that it was an excellent film.

他评论这部电影很精彩。

comments

on

wide

comment

comments

on

commented

9．thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)

because of 因为；由于

owing to 由于，因……之缘故

as a result of 作为……的结果，由于

due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)

on account of 由于；因为

[即学即练9](1)_________ ______ Jim's warning, we avoided the accident.

多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。

(2)I couldn't attend the meeting ______ ______ illness.

我因病不能出席会议。

(3)The delay was ______ ______ power failure.

延滞是由于停电。

Thanks

to

owing

to

due

to

10．rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱……

be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃

remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事

inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事

be free of... 摆脱……

[即学即练10](1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease.

总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。

(2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。

(3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him.

我们必须摆脱他。

(4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen?

我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？

rid

the

world

of

rid

yourself

of

get

rid

of

get

rid

of

11．be satisfied with 对……感到满意

be satisfied that... 满意……

be satisfied to do 乐意干……

satisfy vt.满意；使满意

satisfied adj. 感到满意的

satisfying adj. 令人满意的

satisfactory adj. 令人满意的

satisfaction n. 满意，满足

[即学即练11](1)I __________________ the result.

我对那个结果很满意。

(2)My parents try to __________________.

我父母尽量满足我的需求。

(3)There was __________________ on his face.

他脸上露出了满意的微笑。

(4)________________________，my boss agreed to my suggestion.

很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。

was satisfied with

satisfy my needs

a satisfied look

Much to my satisfaction

12．lead to 通向，导致，致使

lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到……

lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事

[即学即练12](1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men.

银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。

(2)What _____________________ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？

leading to

led you to take up

提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。

(2)lead to 不用被动语态。

(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。

13．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)

使……不含(有害物)

free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧

free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的

free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放

for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地

be free to do sth. 自由地做某事

be free with sb. 对某人放肆

free as the air 自由自在

set sb. free 释放某人

[即学即练13](1)______ the table ____________ dirt by putting a cover over it.

用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。

(2)The lake ______________ pollution.

这湖没有污染。

(3)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。

(4)Try to __________________ all prejudices.

尽量消除一切偏见。

Keep

free from

is free of

was free from

free yourself from

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice.

袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句，为一名词性从句，也可称为what?clause；而且what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。

①After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。

②We now live in what is called the Information Age.

我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。

③He graduated from what was called a key high school.

他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。

[即境活用1]　(1)(2008·浙江卷)Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.

A．what　 B．that

C．which D．one

答案：A

解析：句意：一些孩子想学习一门不同于家中父母所讲的语言来挑战自我。what引导名词性从句，在句中做from的宾语。

(2)A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A．what B．which

C．that D．where

答案：A

解析：该句意为：一座现代化的城市在十年前是一片废墟的地方建立起来。

2．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。

(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。

①—Shall we dine out?

—I‘d rather stay at home.

——我们要不要出去吃饭？

——我宁愿留在家里。

②I‘d rather not tell anybody about it.

我不愿把这事告诉任何人。

(2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。

①I would rather listen to others than talk myself.

我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。

②He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。

(3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。

I would rather have taken his advice yesterday.

我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。

(4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。

①I would rather (that) he didn‘t come.

我宁愿他没来。

②I’d rather you told me the truth.

我更愿意你给我讲实话。

[即境活用2]　(1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little while?

—______.

A．No, please don't B．I'd rather you didn't

C．I'm afraid not D．Sure, it's my pleasure

答案：B

解析：考查交际用语。I'd rather you didn't. 常用来委婉拒绝别人的请求。

(2)I would rather ______ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now.

A．not have watched B．not watch

C．hadn't watched D．haven't watched

答案：A

解析：考查 would rather (not)＋have done 意为“宁愿(未)做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾。

易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考

1.expand/extend/spread/stretch

(1)expand“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。

(2)extend “伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。

(3)spread“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播(疾病)，散布(信息)等。

(4)stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。

[应用1]　(1)The cat _________ out in front of the fire.猫在火炉前伸开四肢。

(2)The hot weather __________ to October.炎热的天气一直持续到十月份。

(3)As children grow older they _________ their interests and become more confident.

随着年龄的增长，孩子们的兴趣会变广泛，人也会变得更自信。

stretched

extended

expand

(4)The fire soon _________ to the nearby buildings.

火势不久就蔓延到邻近的建筑。

spread

2. would rather的用法

[应用2]　(1)－Did you say anything at the meeting?

－Yes, but ______ it.

A．I’d rather not do

B．I’d rather not doing

C．I’d rather not have done

D．I’d rather not did

答案：C

解析：would rather not have done，表示“宁愿没有做，而实际上做了”。

(2)－Would you rather ______ there tomorrow?

－No. I’d rather he ______ there instead of me.

A．to go; will go B．go; went

C．go; will go D．going; shall go

答案：B

解析：Would you rather do sth.？“你愿意做……吗？”因此第一个空要用动词原形；第二个空要用虚拟语气，即would rather sb. did sth.“宁愿别人做……”。

(3)－Will you join us in playing cards?

－Thank you, but ______ at the moment.

A．I’d like to not B．I’m afraid so

C．I’d rather not D．I’d better not to

答案：C

解析：A项中的not要放在to前才对；B项中的so要改为I can’t才对；D项中的to应去掉才对。

(4)－The final exam is coming. Would you mind my staying up late, going over my lessons?

－I’d rather you ______. With the light on, I can’t fall asleep.

A．don’t B．didn’t

C．won’t D．haven’t

答案：B

解析：“would rather＋从句”时，从句的谓语动词用过去时，选B。

高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．They asked so many questions that I got c___________.

2．Metals e____________ when they are heated.

3．The people there are fighting to gain their f_______ from foreign control.

4．We are not doing a c__________ experiment but a physical one.

5．India e__________ tea and cotton to many different countries.

confused

expand

freedom

chemical

exports

6．Now, people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high __________ (产量)．

7．This kind of food contains all the ___________ (营养) our body needs.

8．People in the area were ground down by _________ (饥饿) and poverty.

9．They have sold up ten bottles of ___________ (矿泉) water in the afternoon.

10．We should make a _______________(总结) of the results of the exam briefly.

output

nutrition

hunger

mineral

summary

Ⅱ .单项选择

1．(2010·华师大附中)－How long have these archaeologists stayed in this village?

－Not long, just ______ this Monday.

A．on B．until

C．after D．since

答案：D

解析：考查介词。依据问句可知是现在完成时，而A、B、C三个选项都不能与现在完成时连用，只有since与过去时间点连用时用现在完成时，故D正确。

2．The policeman's ______ traffic directions made all the drivers quite ______.

A．confused; confused

B．confusing; confusing

C．confusing; confused

D．confused; confusing

答案：C

解析：confusing “令人迷惑的”，多修饰物；confused “感到迷惑的”，多修饰人。

3．—Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!

A．to take B．taking

C．not to take D．not taking

答案：D

解析：考查regret 的用法。 regret to do 遗憾要做某事，regret doing 后悔做了某事。题意为“我经常后悔没有听取他的建议”。

4．If I ruled the world I would ______ the world ______ wars, killers and everything else that is bad.

A．get rid of; by B．be rid of; by

C．rid; of D．get rid; of

答案：C

解析：考查 rid...of...“使……摆脱……”。

5．(2010·安徽皖南八校二联)One primary goal of UNESCO is to ______ modern knowledge society in which all people can participate in information and knowledge.

A．make up B．polish up

C．build up D．take up

答案：C

解析：考查动词短语辨析。build up建立；take up从事；polish up改善，润色；make up弥补，虚构，整理，和解，化妆。句意：建立现代化的知识社会，让所有的人都能参与信息与知识，是联合国教科文组织的主要目标之一。

6．Through determination, she had learned to read and write and ______ to become part of the leadership of the village.

A．appeared B．struggled

C．hesitated D．failed

答案：B

解析：struggle to do sth. 意为“努力做某事”。

7．(2010·南昌二中)On the bank of the river, we found him ______ on a beach, with his eyes ______ on a kite in the sky.

A．seated; fixing B．sitting; fixing

C．seated; being fixed D．sitting; fixed

答案：D

解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空用seated或sitting作宾补，第二空是with复合结构，由fix one's eyes on sth可知应用过去分词fixed。

8．—How does Alma like her new job?

—She ______ with the hours.

A．can't satisfy B．isn't satisfied

C．doesn't satisfy D．hasn't satisfied

答案：B

解析：be satisfied with 对……感到满意。satisfy vt. “使满意”，主语是物，宾语是人。

9．(2010·山西太原五中)The falling of the new building ______ its soft base.

A．resulted in B．suffered from

C．led to D．lay in

答案：D

解析：考查短语辨析。语意：新楼的倒塌在于根基不牢。此处lie in表示“(原因)在于”。A项与C项的意思基本相同，表示“导致”，B项表示“遭受”，都不符合语意。

10．He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be______pain in the leg.

A．far from B．away from

C．apart from D．free from

答案：D

解析：be free from “免除……，摆脱……”； far from“远离” ；be away from “离开”；apart from “除了”。句意为“他不得不每天吃三次药，为的是摆脱腿部的疼痛”。

11．Much of the farm is under water; ______ the grain, most of that has been ruined.

A．owing to B．thanks to

C．as for D．as with

答案：C

解析：句意：农场大部分被水淹了；至于谷物，大部分已被毁了。A.由于；B.幸亏，由于；C.至于；D.与……一样。

12．He was very busy, and ______ he didn’t go to the party that night.

A．however B．otherwise

C．therefore D．anyhow

答案：C

解析：however然而；otherwise否则；therefore因此；anyhow不管怎样。

13．The population of Africa is ______ so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.

A．expanding B．stretching

C．extending D．spreading

答案：A

解析：expand 不仅指尺寸增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。stretch指由曲变直、由短变长；extend指空间范围的扩大或长宽的向外延伸，也指时间的延长；spread 指向四面八方扩大或传播。

14．China has successfully sent up the Shenzhou Ⅶ spacecraft into the sky ______ with devices of sophisticated science and technology.

A．equipped B．equipping

C．to be equipped D．having been equipped

答案：A

解析：be equipped with “装备有……”，句中equipped 为过去分词做后置定语。

15．—Did you scold the boy for his mistakes?

—Yes, but ______ it.

A．I'd rather not do

B．I'd not better do

C．I'd rather not to have done

D．I'd rather not have done

答案：D

解析：考查 would rather的用法。would rather (not) have done 表示遗憾，“宁愿(未)做某事”。

Ⅲ .完形填空

It was a normal Monday morning at an assembly, and the old headmaster was addressing the students on important things in life and about __1__ ourselves to what is important to us. This is how the story went：

An old man lived in a certain part of London, and he would wake up every morning and go to the __2__. He would get the train right to Central London, and then sit at the street corner and __3__. He would do this every single day of his life. He sat at the same street corner and begged for almost 20 years.jab88.com

His house was filthy (肮脏的), and a stench came out of the house and it smelled __4__ . The neighbors could not __5__ the smell anymore, so they summoned the police officers to __6__ the place. The officers __7__ down the door and cleaned the house. There were small bags of __8__ all over the house that he had __9__ over the years.

The police counted the money, and they soon realized that the old man was a __10__. They waited outside his house in anticipation (预料) to __11__ the good news with him. When he arrived home that evening, he was met by one of the officers who told him that there was no __12__ for him to beg any more as he was a rich man now, a millionaire.

He said __13__ at all; he went into his house and locked the door. The next morning he woke up as usual, went to the street and continued to beg.

__14__， this old man had no great plans, dreams or anything __15__ for his life. We learn nothing from this story other than staying __16__ the things we enjoy doing, commitment.

We should remain true to our course, which may mean devoting yourselves to things that people around you would __17__ disapprove. Let nothing distract us from being happy; let nothing else determine our fate, but __18__ .

What makes us happy is what __19__ in the end...not what we acquire (获得)．

This particular story is one such lesson that I will never forget. Every time I don't concentrate on course, I get __20__ of this story.

1．A. attracting B. agreeing

C. believing D. devoting

2．A. street B. factory

C. subway D. airport

3．A. beg B. wait

C. attempt D. evaluate

4．A. pleasant B. horrib

C. endless D. serious

5．A. explain B. forget

C. judge D. tolerate

6．A. clear B. remove

C. control D. inspect

7．A. put B. took

C. knocked D. cut

8．A. rubbish B. money

C. waste D. food

9．A. managed B. stole

C. arranged D. collected

10．A. millionaire B. gentleman

C. boss D. gift

11．A. satisfy B. share

C. believe D. report

12．A. need B. doubt

C. chance D. result

13．A. something B. anything

C. everything D. nothing

14．A. Clearly B. Actually

C. Surprisingly D. Suddenly

15．A. fortunate B. possible

C. significant D. worth

16．A. acted out B. called on

C. turned to D. focused on

17．A. normally B. crazily

C. finally D. completely

18．A. others B. us

C. ourselves D. some

19．A. considers B. achieves

C. matters D. faces

20．A. permitted B. reminded

C. warned D. informed

答案及解析：

1. D。 这是例行的周一集会，老师在对学生讲话。讲话的内容是关于人生中重要的事情和如何把自己的一生致力于对自己重要的事情上。

2. C。从后面的“乘火车”和“乞讨钱”可知老人每天去subway。

3. A。 从下面的句子中可以看出用beg。

4. B。 一股恶臭味从房子中散发出来，这让房子闻起来很是可怕，horrible可怕地。

5. D。 邻居难以忍受这种恶臭味。tolerate容忍，忍受。

6. A。 邻居们请来警察来把这个地方清理干净。clear vt.清理。

7. C。 knock down拆除，拆掉。警察把门拆除掉，打扫房子。

8. B。 房子里散放着很多袋钱，这些钱都是他在过去的几年里收集到的。“收集”在这里是指beg。

9. D。见上题分析。

10. A。 该段话的最后一句中的millionaire告诉我们该空的答案为millionaire。

11. B。 一个警察在房子外等那个老人回家然后和他分享这个好消息。share sth. with sb.。

12．A。考查固定句型。there is no need for sb. to do sth.某人没有必要去做某事。

13. D。 这个老人什么也没说，said nothing没说任何话。

14. A。 非常明显，这个老人没有任何长远的计划、梦想和任何重要的事情。

15. C。 significant与句前的great保持一致。

16. D。 从这个故事中我们没有学到任何东西，除了一直把注意力集中在想做的事情上去。be focused on 注意力集中于。

17. A。 这意味着你们要去做别人通常不赞同的事。normally通常地。

18. C。 句意为：“不要让任何东西让我们变得不高兴，不要让任何东西决定我们的命运，而是让我们自己来决定我们自己的命运。”宾语和主语一致时，宾语用反身代词，所以用ourselves。

19. C。 matter关系重要。

20. B。句意为：“不论什么时候我做事情注意力不集中时，我都会受到这个故事的提醒。”sb. get reminded of sth.某人被提醒某事。

Ⅳ.短文改错

Before leaving the class, the teacher, Miss White, said to her class, “Don't leave your

seats. Read your books on yourselves. You 1.______

would study hard and be good students. ” As soon 2.______

as the teacher went away, the classroom becoming 3.______

noisy. One boy drew a picture of the teacher 4.______

on→by

would→should

becoming→became

√

on the blackboard. Another boy began to make face 5.______

just to make the other students to laugh. The boy 6.______

put his finger close to his mouth and tell the 7.______

class that Miss White is coming back. All the 8.______

students sat down their seats and the classroom 9.______

became quiet again. The door open and in came Miss White. 10.______

face→faces

去掉第二个to

tell→told

is→was

down后加on

open→opened

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高二英语Unit 2 Working the land复习教案

难句•剖析•拓展?
Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftomorrowtherewassuddenlynoricetoeat??
如果明天突然没有米可吃了,你认为会发生什么事呢？?
1)doyouthink属于插入语。句子的主干是Whatwouldhappen?因为插入语把原来的特殊疑问句一分为二,故不管疑问词在句中作什么成分，特殊疑问句用陈述语序。?
2)该句中用了虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设。从句用过去时,主句中用would/could/might/should+动词原形。?
注意在使用虚拟语气时谓语动词的形式:?
从句谓语主句谓语
现在情况一般过去时（be要用were）would/could/mightdo
将来情况一般过去时?
shoulddo?
weretodowould/could/mightdo
过去情况过去完成时即haddonewould/could/mighthavedone
Usinghishybridricefarmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.?
用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。?
1)这是一个含有现在分词短语作方式状语的句子。?
2)本句中as...as的前面用倍数词twice来修饰。?
1)动词的现在分词除了作方式状语外,也可以作时间状语、原因状语或结果状语。
2)as...as前可以用表示倍数的词来修饰,如half,aquarter,twice,threetimes等,意为“是……多少倍”。?
3)倍数的表达可用下面三个句型:?
A+be+倍数+as+adj.+as+B。?
A+be+倍数+比较级+than+B。?
A+be+倍数+thesize/length/height/depth/width+of+B。?
注意:time表示倍数,一般只限于表示基数词在内的三倍或三倍以上;若表示两倍,可用副词twice或形容词double。time表示的倍数也可以用分数、百分数或某些表程度的副词替换。
Itseemsastrangenamesinceallcropsareorganicnomatterhowtheyareproduced.?
这个名字看起来有些奇怪,所有的农作物,无论如何生产出来的,都是有机物。?
1)it为人称代词,指代上文organicfarming。?
2)since引导原因状语从句。在这个原因状语从句中又含有一个由nomatterhow引导的让步状语从句。?
连词词组nomatter用来引导让步状语从句,但不能单独用,它常和what,when,where,how,who,whose,whether等词连用,构成“nomatterwhat/when/where/how等+主句”结构,此类从句可置于主句之前或之后,意为“不论/不管……”。
Instead,organicfarmersinsistonchangingcropseverytwoorthreeyears,forexample,cornorwheatfollowedbypeasorsoybeans.?
而有机耕作的农民们坚持每隔两到三换种农作物。例如,种玉米或小麦后再改种豌豆或大豆。?
1)这是一个简单句。forexample在句中作插入语。?
2)过去分词短语followedbypeasorsoybeans作定语,修饰cornorwheat。?
1)forexample作为插入语时,在句中的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首、句中和句末。
2)everyadj.与数词连用,表示“每……;每隔……”,表示时间或空间的间隔。具体用法是:every+基数词+复数名词;every+序数词+单数名词。表示“每隔……”还可用everyother+单数名词。如:everyotherday/year/line每隔一天//行。表示“每隔几……”须使用everyfew+复数名词。
如:everyfewmetres每隔几米?
3）表示“代替”时instead和insteadof,inplaceof的区别:?
instead是副词,单独用于句首或句尾。?
insteadof相当于介词,用在名词、代词或介词短语前。?
inplaceof相当于insteadof,是书面语。“代替某人”还可说insb.’splace。
Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil.?
有些有机耕种的农民愿意在庄稼中间种些草来阻挡风或防止水土流失。?
1)本句中的topreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil在句中作目的状语。
2)动名词短语carryingawaythesoil作介词from的宾语。?
1)动词不定式作目的状语时,可以位于句末,也可以位于句首。?
2)preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.表示“制止（防止）某人（或某物）做某事”,在现代英语中from常常可以省略,但在被动句中,from不能省略。与preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.结构相似的有stopsb./sth.fromdoingsth.（其中的from在主动句中可以省略）;keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.（其中的from不可省略）。?
3)between常指“在（时间、距离、重量、情感、味道等）（两者）之间”,指“三者或三者以上之间”多用among。

Unit 2 Working the land Period 6 Assessment

Period6Assessment
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod
Thisperiodistohelpthestudentstoelevatetheiracquisitionaboutfarmingandtheirabilityofemployingtheexpressionsandgrammarlearnedinthisunit.?
TeachingImportantandDifficultPoints?
Helpthestudentslearntoassesswhethertheirknowledgeaboutthistopichasincreased.?
TeachingMethods?
Question-and-answeractivity?
Pairworkandgroupworktomakethestudentsworkinclass.?
TeachingandlearningAids?
Amultimedia?
Ablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims
KnowledgeandSkills?
Elevateefficientlythestudents’knowledgeaboutfarming.?
Elevatethestudentsabilityofusingtheexpressionsandgrammarlearned.?
ProcessandStrategies?
Checkupwhattheyhavelearnedinthismodulebyevaluationandtests.?
FeelingsandValue?
Throughthispartthestudentswillsurelyknowwhattheyhavemasteredandhaven’tmastered,andthusworkhardtoconsolidateit.?
TeachingProcedures
Step1Greetings?
T:Goodmorning,boysandgirls.?
Ss:Goodmorning,Miss/Mr...?
Step2Revision?
T:Sofarwehavefinishedthisunitwhichisabout...??
Ss:It’saboutastoryaboutDrYuanLongpingandapassageaboutorganicfarming.?
T:Inthisunitwealsolearntsomedrillsaboutgivingsuggestionsandadvice,doyoustillrememberthem??
Ss:Yes.?
Step3Assessment?
T:Todaywearegoingtoseehowhardyouworkedandhowmuchmoreyouknowaboutfarming.
非测试性评价?
Aquizaboutfarming.?
Tickthestatementsaccordingtowhatyoudoorthink.?
1.Icaneasilynametenkindsofagriculturalproduction.?
2.Ihavevisitedthecountrysideseveraltimes.?
3.Icanclearlytelltheadvantagesoforganicfarmingandthedisadvantagesofthechemicalfertilizer.?
4.Ithinkeveryoneshouldknowsomethingaboutfarmingandtheimportanceofthegreenfood.?
5.IbelievethefarminginChinawillbedevelopedbetterandbetter.??
测试性评价?
Ⅰ.单词拼写?
1.Hisoneofthebiggestproblemsindevelopingcountries.?
2.TheoofgrainhasdoubledinChinainthelasttenyears.?
3.Heenjoysplayingthevwhilehisbrotherlikessinging.?
4.Areyouswithyourexamresult??
5.Nfertilizersarebetterthanchemicalones.?
6.TheAmericanpeople(斗争)togetindependencefromBritain.?
7.Hisskinisblackbecausehegot(日晒)inhisholiday.?
8.Middleschoolstudentsarenotallowedtodrive（摩托）.?
9.Chinaisrichin（矿产）resources.?
10.Itis（肯定）thattheweatheristurningwarm.?
Ⅱ.句型转换?
1.Idon’tlikeplayingfootball.ButIlikeplayingbasketball.?
I_________playingbasketball_________playingfootball.?
2.Itisnecessaryformetobuyanewbike.?
__________________isnecessary.?
3.Thenewbuildingis200metreshigh.Theoldbuildingwasonly50metreshigh.?
Thenewbuildingis__________________astheoldbuilding.?
4.Bobawokefromhisdreamwiththehopethathecancouldbuyanewcar.?
Bobawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeof__________________.?
5.Benwentclosertothepaintinginordertoseeitclearly.?
Benwentclosertothepainting__________________hecouldseeitclearly.?
Ⅲ.用动词的正确形式填空?
1.Itwasuseless__________(study)forsuchanexamination.?
2.Ihate__________(look)atwhenIamdoinglessons.?
3.Heregretted__________(make)thedecisiontoohastily.?
4.Iforget__________(see)youthere.?
5.Hemeant__________(train)theboytobeagoodswimmer.?
6.Itwastimeforwork.Theystopped__________(play)cards.?
7.Thepatientinsistedon__________(operate)onevenifthereislittlehopeofsuccess.?
8.Heisdevotedto__________(set)upmoreschoolsforpoorchildren.?
9.Hewalkedquietly,afraidof__________(frighten)thesnake.?
10.IsawTom__________(lean)overthefire.?
Ⅳ.阅读下面一段短文,用所给动词的正确形式填空。?
bornregardsearchfordevoteexpand
thankstoridsatisfiedwithwouldratherlead
Hewantseveryonetocallhimafarmer.Forthat’showhe___1___himself.___2___intoapoorfarmer’sfamilyin1931,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthWestAgriculturecollegein1953.Sincethen,hehas___3___hislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice.DrYuan___4___awaytoincreasericeharvestswithout___5___theareaoffields.___6___hisresearch,theUNistryingto___7___theworldofhunger.YoumightguessthatDrYuan,whoisnowrichandfamous,is___8___hislife.However,hecaresaboutlittlespendingthemoneyonhimselfor___9___acomfortablelife.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmore,___10___fewtroubles.??
Ⅴ.单项选择?
1.IknowBobisnotmuchofafootballplayer,butwhenit________tomaths,heisamongthetopthreeintheclass.?
A.refersB.goesC.comesD.concerns?
2.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp________aboutit.?
A.tothinkB.andthinkC.thinkingD.beingthought?
3.________severaltimestheyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.?
A.HavingbeenfailedB.Havingfailed?
C.ThoughfailedD.Becauseoffailure?
4.Youcan’timagine________greattroublewehavetaken________enoughfoodandwatertothosesufferingtheterribledisease.?
A.what;toprovideB.so;tosupply?
C.how;togiveD.what;tosupplying?
5.Whathesaidsuggestedthemurdererreferredto________atonce.?
A.beingshotB.beshotC.wasshotD.beshotat?
6.—Whatdidyoumeanbysayingthat??
—Imeannoharm.Ionly________.?
A.meanhelpingB.wanttohelp?
C.meanttohelpD.wanthelping?
7.TomwantedhisTV________,buthiswifewouldratherhaveit________off.?
A.fixed;thrownB.tobefixed;bethrown?
C.fixed;throwingD.tobefixed;throwing?
8.Thetheorymanyscientistshavestuckto________correct.?
A.proveB.proving?
C.beingprovedD.proves?
9.—It’sgettingcolderandcolder,andIhavetobuysomeclothes.?
—They’ve________thepricesintheshop,soit’sagoodtimetobuy.?
A.increasedB.reducedC.raisedD.down?
10.________thenewsofhisfather’sdeath,heburstintotears.?
AAfterhearingB.OnhearingC.HavingheardD.Heard?
11.Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.?
A.invitedB.toinvitedC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited?
12.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.?
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing?
13.Aftermovingintothetown,mywifedidsomewashingfortherichsothatwehadjustenoughto________ourexpenses.?
A.supportB.satisfyC.coverD.serve?
14.Theprojectwill________thecity’stelephonenetworktocover1000000users.?
A.makeB.broadenC.expandD.widen?
15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands________behindhisback.?
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied?
16.________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.?
A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot?
C.NothavingreceivingD.Havingnotreceived?
17.________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.?
A.ThewalkB.Walking?
C.TowalkD.Walk?
18.Weagreedtoaccept________theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.?
A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever?
19.________thenewpolicy,wearenowhavingahappylife.?
A.ThankstoB.BecauseC.ForD.Thanksfor?
20.Itis________thathewillattendthisparty.?
A.certainB.sureC.uncertainD.surly?
21.—DoyoumindifIopenthewindow??
—________Ifeelabitcold.?
A.Ofcoursenot.B.I’dratheryoudidn’t.?
C.Goahead.D.Whynot??
22.Whatahardlifethey________!Youshouldhavehelpedhim.?
A.hadB.ledC.playedD.made?
23.Thenewsofenemy’sdefeatquickly________roundthetown.?
A.toldB.saidC.circulatedD.spreaded?
24.“Can’tyouread?”Lilysaid________tothenotice.?
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily?
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing?
25.CharlesBablackboardageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.?
A.toinventB.inventing?
C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented?
26.Ratherthan________onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers________abicycle.?
A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding?
27.Ifyou’re________aboutanything,phonemyoffice.?
A.confusedB.confusingC.wonderD.wondering?
28.Afterhewasknockeddownbyabike,hewasbadlyhurtandhadto________tohisfeet.?
A.standB.struggleC.runD.sit?
29.—Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.?
—That’sallright.?
A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow?
C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow?
30.Weagreed________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.?
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
Keys:?
Ⅰ.1.Hunger2.output3.violin4.satisfied5.Natural
6.struggled7.sunburnt8.motorcycles9.mineral10.certain?
Ⅱ.1.prefer;to2.Buyinganewbikeforme3.fourtimesashigh4.buyinganewcar5.sothat/inorderthat?
Ⅲ.1.studying2.beinglooked3.making4.seeing5.totrain6.playing7.beingoperated8.setting9.frightening10.leaning?
Ⅳ.1.regards2.Born3.devoted4.searchedfor5.expanding
6.Thanksto7.rid8.satisfiedwith9.leading10.ratherthan?
Ⅴ.1.Ccometo谈到,说到。例如:Whenitcomestotennis,youcan’tbeather.说到打网球,你是赢不了她的。?
2.Ccan’thelpdoingsth.意为“忍不住,禁不住做某事”。该句的含义为“我知道这并不重要,但我忍不住总去想它”。?
3.B该句的含义是“失败了好几次之后,这个年轻的科学家仍然继续他的实验”。fail一词与该句的主语theyoungscientist逻辑上是主谓关系,所以fail应用现在分词形式;又因为fail这一动作在谓语动词keeponmakinghisexperiments动作之前,所以还要用现在分词的完成式。
4.B句意为:你无法想像我们费了多大的劲向遭受严重疾病的人们提供足够的食物和水。Wehavetaken是定语从句修饰先行词trouble,构成takegreattroubletodosth.。提供某人某物用providesth.forsb.或supplysth.tosb.。?
5.Bwhathesaid在句中作主语,suggested是谓语动词,表示“建议”,在后面的宾语从句中,referredto作murderer的定语,谓语动词应该用虚拟语气。?
6.C该题问句中的mean表示“意思是……,含……意思”,后面要接名词或动名词,答句中的mean表示“意欲,意指,企图”,后面要接不定式。该句的含义是“你那么说什么意思?”“我没有什么恶意,我只是想帮忙”。?
7.A该题第一个空既可以用fixed,也可以用tobefixed;使意动词have在高中英语中的作用与考查的频率相当高,在“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中,宾语补足语既可以用do,也可以由doing,done来充当,要根据上下文灵活应用。在该句中因为it(代替前句的TV)与throw之间为被动关系,故用过去分词throw作宾补。?
8.D这句话的主语是thetheory,proves作谓语动词。?
9.B句意为:商店已经降低了,商品的价格看来现在是买东西的时候。?
10.BOnhearingthenewsofhisfather’sdeath...意为Assoonasheheardthenewsofthisfather’sdeath...。该题也可以用现在分词的一般式hearing作状语,但不可以用现在分词的完成式(C项),因为“他突然哭了”这一动作与“听到爸爸去世”这一动作几乎是同时发生的。?
11.A句中的Mostoftheartists与invite之间为被动关系,而且表示的是完成的动作,所以答案应选择A。句子的意思是:“应邀参加晚会的大多数艺术家均来自于南非。”过去分词invited在句中作定语,其作用相当于MostoftheartiststhatwereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.?
12.B用现在分词作伴随状语。A项不定式,可以作目的状语,但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D属语法错误。?
13.B本题考查动词辨析。根据语境,此处用satisfy表示“满足消费需要”。?
14.C本题考查动词辨析。expand表示“展开;在尺寸、体积或范围等方面变大”。?
15.D在with结构中,hands与tie之间是被动关系,故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动,还表示动作已完成,故排除A、C项。?
16.Creceive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用现在分词,但主句中的again又暗示,分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,因此用现在分词的完成式。not必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为As／Sincehehadn’treceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.?
17.B动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。原题中的agoodform暗示,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。?
18.D本题考查连词的使用。根据对句子成分的分析,本句缺少引导宾语从句的连词,同时在宾语从句中作主语,表示人的连词,应选择whoever。?
19.AB、C两项引导从句,且for常不能位于句首,无D项表达法。?
20.A本题主要辨析certain与sure。句意为:他肯定参加这次晚会。becertainof/about＝besureof/about,但是在itiscertainthat...句型中不可以用sure代替certain。?
21.B本题考查口语情景问答。从后面的意思分析,此处应该表示“不同意”,也就是“介意”,所以使用B项,表示委婉的拒绝。?
22.B“they+空白处”作后置定语,修饰life,lead(led)ahardlife“过着艰苦的生活”。?
23.C句意为:敌人战败的消息很快传遍整个镇。circulate循环,流传。spread过去时态是spread。?
24.A“生气地”是用来说明说话时的表情,应放在被修饰词said的后面,选择A或C;“指着”这一动作的逻辑主语是Lily,应该用现在分词作伴随状语。全句意思是:“你不会看吗?”莉莉指着布告生气地说。?
25.Cconsidersb.todosth.。“认为某人做某事”这是一惯用法,且原题中的thefirstcomputer这一信息词语暗示,invent这一动作发生在consider之前,因此用不定式的完成式,这句话可理解为PeoplegenerallyconsiderCharlesBablackboardagetohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.原题是该句的被动语态。?
26.Cprefer后可接不定式,也可接动名词,接动词不定式通常与ratherthan连用,表示否定。其正常语序是:Healwayspreferstorideabicycleratherthanrideonacrowdedbus.该句还可以这样表达:Healwaysprefersridingabicycletoridingonacrowdedbus.即prefer后接动名词时,常与介词to连用,表示否定,意为:“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……”。?
27.A句意为:如果你对任何问题有疑问,打我办公室的电话。?
28.Bstruggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来。?
29.Bletting是介词for的宾语,且否定词not置于动名词之前。?
30.C动词agree只接不定式作宾语,不可以接动名词作宾语,所以答案要在C和D中选择。不定式一般式tomeet表示动作发生在agree之后或与agree同时发生,而完成式tohavemet则表示该动作发生在agree之前,与题意不符。题意是:“我们约定在这儿见面,但她到现在还没来”。?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit2Workingtheland
Period6Assessment
1.Nametenkindsofagriculturalproduction.?
2.Telltheadvantagesoforganicfarmingandthedisadvantagesofthechemicalfertilizer.?
RecordafterTeaching?
ActivitiesandResearch
Thestudentsmayfindmoretoconsolidatetheirknowledgeinthisunit.Andtheymayalsofindsometopicsaboutagriculturetodiscuss.?
ReferenceforTeaching?
高考链接?
1.(2006北京高考,35)Ican’tstand__________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestalkingwhilesheworks.?
A.working;stoppingB.towork;stopping?
C.working;tostopD.towork;tostop?
赏析:选C。stand意为“忍受”,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,表示忍受做某事。refuse意为“拒绝”,后接不定式作宾语,表示拒绝做某事。?
2.(2006上海高考,31)Eugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________withhim.?
A.toargueB.arguing?
C.arguedD.havingargued?
赏析:选B。It’snouse后接-ing形式。It是形式主语,动词-ing形式作真正的主语,表示“做某事没有用处”。?
3.(2006湖南高考,21)Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket________thedesert.?
A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover
赏析:选A。动词-ing形式作定语表示主动意义,即表示blanket是cover的动作执行者。说明野花就像橘黄色的柔软的地毯覆盖在沙漠上。?
4.(2006重庆高考,26)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto________thepapers??
A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking?
赏析:选D。getdownto意为“开始,着手”,to是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语。表示“难道没有到你开始批改论文的时间吗？”?
5.(2006陕西高考,13)Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.
A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted?
赏析:选C。imagine后接动词-ing形式作宾语,表示“想像,设想;猜想,推测”。hisaccepting是动词-ing形式的复合结构。?
6.(2005上海春季高考,33)Accustomedto________thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.?
A.climbingB.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed
赏析:选A。accustomedto表示“习惯于（某事）”,to是介词,后接“动词-ing形式”作宾语。
7.(2004福建高考)Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.
A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing?
赏析:选D。此题考查动词have的用法。have后可接宾语再接动词的-ing形式表示“遇到”。本题意为“他生病在床将近两个月,要通过考试很困难”。由句意可知,此处应用动词的-ing形式。故选项D为正确答案。?
8.(2004全国高考)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.?
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked?
赏析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补足语的用法。本题中的smoke是he发出的动作,所以应该用主动语态,故此空应填smoking。故选项B正确。?
9.(2004江苏高考)Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding?
赏析:选C。此题考查固定词组的用法。insistondoingsth.为固定用法,意为“坚持干某事”,故正确答案为C。?
10.（经典例题）________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.?
A.ExposedB.Havingexposed?
C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed?
赏析:选C。从句意可看出,需选一词作主语,且expose与one’sskin构成动宾关系。故应选用动名词的被动式。?
11.(2004上海春季高考)________themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.
A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend?
C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending?
赏析:选D。本题考查的是非谓语动词。句子缺少的成分是主语,在四个选项中,只有D符合。故选项D正确。?
12.（经典例题）Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand________them.?
A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect?
赏析:选B。本题考查的是动名词形式。根据文中的并列连词and可知,and前后连接相同的成分,所以此空应填correcting。故选项B正确。?
13.（经典例题）—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
—Thekey________theproblemistomeetthedemand________bythecustomers.?
A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;made?
C.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made?
赏析:选B。thekeyto...意为“……的关键”,to为介词;而且demand与make构成动宾关系。14.(2004上海高考)AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch?
赏析:选C。spend...doingsth.花费时间做某事。?

Unit 2 Working the land The First Period Reading 教案

Unit2Workingtheland
TheFirstPeriodReading
Teachinggoals
EnableSstolearnmoreaboutagriculture,countrysideandfarming.
HelpSslearnhowtodescribeDrYuanLongpingincludinghispersonality.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints
a.Helptocomprehendthetextandgraspthemainideaofthetext.
b.Grasptheusageofsomewordsandexpressions.
c.Howtohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutagriculture.
Teachingmethods
Talking,questioning-and-answeringactivityandreading.
Teachingaids
Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.
StepⅠGreetingandleadingin
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Inlastunitwelearntsomegreatwomen.Todaywe’lllearnafamousman.Whowillitbe?Atfirstlet’slookatthetwopicturesonPage9.Whatarethepeopledoing?
Ss:Theyareplantingrice.
T:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutrice?
S:Ricegrowsinthesouth.
S:Butinsomeplaceofthenorthwecanalsofindrice.
T:Yeah.Youareright.Infactriceisacerealgrainthathasbeengrownforatleast5,000yearsandiseatenby2.4billionpeopleeverydaythroughouttheworld.InAustralia,farmershavehadtostrugglewiththeirharshenvironmenttogrowrice.
Ss:Really?
StepⅡWarmingup
T:Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
S:Ihaveevergrowncornandpotatoes.Inautumn,myfatherandIploughedthesoildeepforthefirsttime,theninthenextspring,weploughedthesoilforasecondtime,thistimeIputthecornseedsintothetunnelfollowingmyfather.Finallymyfathercoveredthecornseedsbyploughingagain.
T:Verywell.Haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
S:Yes,Iwenttheretoseemygrandfather.InthevillageIplayedwithotherboysinthelittlestreamandcaughtlittlefish.Ievenhelpedmygrandfathergetinthecornbycuttingthecornstems,whichmademetired.
T:Areyoufromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
S:Yes,myfatherisafarmer.Inmyview,farmingishardwork.Peoplehavetoplantcrops,smoothawayweedsandgetinthecropsattherighttime.Theyhavetogetupearlytoworkinthefieldsoastoprotectthemselvesfromthesunshine.
T:That’sright.Inthenorth,thebiggestworrythatfarmershaveisthedrought.Whenitdoesn’train,andtheycan’tirrigatethecrops,thecropswilldieandtheywillhavenothingafterhardworking.
StepⅢPre-reading
1.Whataretheseriousproblemstheworldfacestoday?
Environment
Population
Naturalresources
Wars
Poverty
Hunger…
Morethan800millionpeoplegotobed
hungryeveryday.-theWorldHealth
Organization(WHO)
Onebillionpeopleintheworldsufferfrom
hungerandmalnutrition.
About24,000peopledieeverydayfrom
hungerorhunger-relatedcauses.Three-
fourthsofthedeathsarechildrenunderthe
ageoffive.-http://
2.Whatcanwedotosolveworldhunger?
Controlthepopulation
Openmoreareasforgrowing
Increasetheoutputofcrops
StepⅣFastReading
1Whatisthemainideaofeachpara?
Para1Hisdreams
Para2Hispersonality
Para3Howhethinksofhimselfandhisachievement
para4Hisbiography
(4,3,1,2)
2ListentothetapeandcompletethefollowingnotesaboutYuanLongping.
Name:______________________Nationality:____________________
Age:_______________________Occupation:____________________
Education:__________________________________________________
Dream:____________________________________________________
Achievement:_______________________________________________
Hobbies:___________________________________________________
Answers:
YuanLongpingChinese77scientist/farmergraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953toexporthishybridricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobein1974,developedhybridrice,whichproduces1/3morethannormalricelisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading
StepVPleasereadthetextagainandanswerthesequestions.
1Whatisspecialabouthisrice?(makeitpossibletodo…)
Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.
2Whatishiscontributiontotheworld?(thanksto…/rid…of…)
Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.
3Whatishisattitudetolife?(besatisfiedwith…/careabout…)
DrYuanissatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.
StepVIHomework
FinishingtheexercisesinLearningaboutLanguage.Exercise1,2and3areaboutusefulwordsandexpressions.Finishthem.Nexttimewe’llchecktheanswers.Ok,classisover.Seeyounexttime.

Period2
Languagepoints
Herearesomeexplanationsabouttheboldfacewordsinourtext.
一vocaburary
1.strugglevtomakegreatefforts
e.g.Theyhavestruggledforyearstofreetheircountryfromtheenemy.
stuggletodosth挣扎做某事
他努力控制住自己的脾气。He_________controlhistemper.
I’mstrugglingtofinishthehugetheworkyougaveme.
2.sunburntadjsun-tanned
e.g.Hissunburntskinlookshealthy.
3.superadj(infml)excellent;splendid
e.g.You’lllikeher,she’ssuper.
Youlooksuperinyournewclothes.
Itwassuperofyoutohelp.
4.expandv
(causesthto)becomegreaterinsize,numberorimportance
e.g.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.
Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?
6.equipv
supplysb/sth(withwhatisneeded,foraparticularpurpose)
equipsbwithsth用……装备equipsbforsth为……装备
beequippedwith装备有
你的训练使得你能够胜任将来的工作。
Yourtrainingwillequipeyouforyourfuturejob.
Translate:
Theworkerequippedthebikewithaheadlight.
那个工人给自行车装了一个前灯。
7.exportv
send(goods)toanothercountryforsale
e.g.Indiaexportsteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.
Thiscompanyhasalargehomemarketbutdoesn’texport.
8regret
后面常跟动词的ing形式，只有在对将谈到的事情表示遗憾时用动词的不定式。
Regretdoingsth__________________regrettodosth______________________
她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。Shedeeply___________hertemper.
Translate:
Weregrettoinformyouthatyourpassportapplicationhasbeenrefused.
9.rid...ofmakesb/sthfreefrom(sb/sthunpleasant)
e.g.Weallwishthatwewouldridtheworldoffamine.
Thefarmerrecentlytriedtoridthehouseofrats.
10.lead...alife,live...alife
e.g.Nowweareleadingahappylife.
Intheolddaysfarmersledaterriblelifeinthecountry.
11.besatisfiedwith,becontentwith
e.g.Theyoungladyisn’tsatisfiedwiththepeacefullife.
Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswers?
12.wouldrather,preferto
wouldratherdosth
e.g.I’dratherwalkthantakeabus.
I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.
他宁愿到农村去工作。He____________workinthecountryside.
Translate:
Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere,too.__________________________
I’dratheryoucametextweekend.___________________________________
Summary:
Wouldrather+从句，常用虚拟语气。如表示与现在的事实或将来的愿望相反，谓语一般用__________时态；如表示的与过去的事实相反，从句中应用_________________时态。
二Somedifficultsentences
1.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手背，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟其他成千上万的中国的农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
Forwhom…为______+引导词的结构的定语从句，注意，struggle后面的for的干扰，forthepastfivedecades是“过去50年来”Translate:
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedisourmanager._______________________________________
Theylivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
___________________________________________________.
2.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsupperhybridrice.
袁隆平博士培植出了超级杂交水稻。Whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是由what引导的______从句，在整个句子中充当______的_____语，。此外，此结构还可以作_____或_____.
如：请相信我的话。___________________________
他所说的话全是真实的。_______________________________.
3.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturepioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
本句理解的难点是动词不定时togrowricethathasahighoutput作_________,修饰先行词________,注意：前面的序数词first一起了一定的作用，因为先行词前有__________,后面一般用动词不定时作定语。类似的还有thesecond,thelast,theonly等。翻译：
昨天晚上，约翰最后一个离开教室。______________________________________________.
4.Thespecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone–thiremoreofthecropinthesamefields.这些特殊的水稻使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
Makeit…todosth意思是____________________.it在句中作_________,真正的宾语是_________________________________.翻译：
好天气使我们下周的旅行成为可能。_____________________________________________.
Answers:1.介词你刚才给他说话的那个人是我们的经理。他们住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一颗大树。名词grow的宾语主语表语PleasebelievewhatIsaid.Whathesaidistrue.3.定语pioneer序数词Johnwasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomyesterday.4.使……成为宾语toproduceone–thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Goodweathermakesitpossibletomakeourtripnextweek.
高考链接
1.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(2002,上海)
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
2.Victorapologizedfor______toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004,上海)
A.hisbeingableB.himnottobeable
C.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
3.Themaninsisted____ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding(2004江苏)
4.AccordingtoarecentUSsursey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek____TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch(2004上海)
5.Hegowell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC,tobelostD.beinglost(2005上海)
6.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.___,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.
A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides(2006浙江)
7.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.(2008陕西)
A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeas
C.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas
8.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom____theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江)
A.whatB.thatCwhichDone
9.-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
________,I’llvisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安微)
A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
10.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
AnswersBCCCBCBBDB
PERIOD3
OrganicFarming
Teachingaims
Toimprovethestudents’readingability---tofindtheexplanationforthewordsorexpressionstheydonotknowinthereadingpassage.
Teachingaids
Multi-media
Teachingprocedures
Step1:Leadin
Whatisthesubstanceweputonthesoiltomakecropsgrow?
Itisfertilizer.
Howmanykindsoffertilizersdofarmersuse?
Therearetwokinds.Theyarechemicalfertilizersandnaturalones.
Whichkinddofarmersusewhentheyaredoingorganicfarming?
Doyouknowaboutorganicfarming?Todaywe’regoingtoreadapassagewiththetitleOrganicFarming.
Step2:Scanning
Readthefirstparagraphandfindout
1whatorganicfarmingis.
Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.
Step3:Intensivereading
1HowcanOrganicfarmersmaketheirsoilfertile?
Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsinsteadofchemicalfertilizers.
2Butwhydon’ttheyusechemicalfertilizers?
Becauseusingchemicalfertilizerscausesproblems.
Readthesecondparagraphandanswer-----
3Howmanyproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers?
Three.Theyareasfollows.
Firstly,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.
Secondly,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhausttheoil.
Thirdly,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.
Readthewholepassageagainandfillinthetable.
Advantagesoforganicfarming
Reasons
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoil.Thesoilbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.
Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesnotcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.

Step4:Discussion
Findoutwhattypeofwritingthepassageis.Discusshowtoreadandwritethiskindofpassage.
Step5:Homework

Readthetextandtranslatethefollowingphrases:
aswellas____________foralongtime________________
buildup______________leadto_______________
turnto_________________focuson______________
keep（prevent）…from_______________
Answers:
也好长时间逐渐增强；建立；开发导致；造成求助于集中（注意力，精力等）于阻止
PERIOD4don’treadinthemovingbusorinbed.”Doingeye-exerciseswillhelpyoukeepgoodeyesight.
Ifyoufailtokeeptheserules,youwillbecome
short-sightedsoonerorlater.

Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about Language教案

Period2LearningaboutLanguage

TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisperiod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntinthereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingImportantPoints?Learnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingDifficultPoints?Learntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.?TeachingMethods?Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?TeachingAids?Amulti-mediacomputer?Ablackboard?

ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeandSkills?Learnsomekeywords:?trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besides?Learnsomeimportantdrills:?IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.?Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.?ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.?ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.?Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.?ProcessandStrategies?Theteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.?Givesomenecessaryexplanation.?FeelingsandValue?Throughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasanoun.Besides,theirabilityoftransferencewillbestrengthened.?TeachingProcedures?Step1Revision?1.Greetings.?2.AskthestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.?Step2Usefulwordsandexpressions?T:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Sonowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatmeansthesamefromthetext.(Ex.1onPage11)?Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:?Suggestedanswers:?1.sunburnt2.hunger3.rid...of4.expand5.circulate6.leada...life7.wouldrather8.thanksto9.struggle10.export?T:NowLet’scometoEx.2.Pleasecompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llaskyoutogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.?Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.prove2.wouldrather3.livea4.life5.rid6.of7.output8.increased9.sunburnt?T:HowaboutEx.3,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.super2.satisfied3.strain4.exported5.suitableStep3Discoveringusefulstructures?T:Let’scometodiscoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Doyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoorpersoncanhaveawish”mean??S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”?T:Verygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinEx.2onPage12.?Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.?2.Growinghybridriceisn’teasy.?3.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.?4.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.?5.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.?6.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.?T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliketochecktheanswersofEx.3onPage12.?(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.DrYuanlikestalkingtoricegrowersabouthiswork.?2.Hecontinueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.?3.Manycitykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.?4.Notallstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.?5.Theystartedproducinghybridricein1974.?6.Iremembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasin!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Beijinglasttime.?Step4Grammar?T:Today,wearegoingtolearnthev.-ingasanoun.Soatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andpleasegivemesomeexamples.?S:Itcanbeusedassubject.Forexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.?T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousethev.-ingassubject.Buthowaboutothers??S:Itcanalsobeusedasobject.Forexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.?T:Youareright.Thev.-ingformcanbeusedasobject,too.Nowlet’scometoknowmoreaboutit.T:Verygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)?Step5Homework?1.FinishtherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.?2.Prepareforthenextclass.?3.Finishtheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.?

TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard

Unit2Workingtheland

Period2Learningaboutlanguage1.chemicaladj.化学的;关于化学的?chemistryn.化学?2.Phrasesthatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform:?begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedin?

RecordafterTeaching

ActivitiesandResearchWhenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencouragethestudentstosumupthegrammaticalrules.Thentheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossibletoconsolidateit.?

ReferenceforTeachingGrammar?

动名词一、概述?和不定式一样,动名词也是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由动词原形加-ing构成。动名词有主动和被动两种语态,有一般式,完成式和进行式三种形式。如下表所示:

!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--

态

时

态

语

主动

被动

一般式

doing

beingdone

完成式

havingdone

havingbeendone

完成进行式

havingbeendoing

无

动名词仍保留有动词的特征,可以和自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状语等构成动名词短语。动名词具有名词的功能,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。?二、动名词的时态和语态形式?1.动名词的时态形式?①一般式?动名词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或者表示一种无时间性限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。?HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.?他喜欢用英语写信。?Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.?许多年轻人喜欢踢足球。?②完成式?动名词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词的动作或状态,如:?Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.?他们为没能帮上你的忙而遗憾。?Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.?他写完信,就去寄它了。?Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.?她后悔没有看到那部电影。?③完成进行式?动名词的完成进行时表示动作发生于谓语动作之前,并一直持续到谓语动词的动作发生之时,或继续。如:?Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.?原谅我打扰你这么久。2.动名词的被动式?当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时,用被动式。如:?Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.?他从窗口爬进去,没有被人发现。?Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).?她要在无人干扰的情况下才能工作。?动名词的被动语态分成一般式和完成式两种。如:?Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.?铁路在兴建中。?AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.?曼奈特医生被关在巴士底监狱许多年后,最近获释。?特别提示:-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义?在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,总是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于“tobe+过去分词”。如:?Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).?我的手表需要修理。?Thehousewantscleaning.这房屋需要打扫。?在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样。如:?Thefilmisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。?Theplaceisworthvisiting.那个地方值得一游。?三、动名词的否定式?动名词的否定式通常是在动名词前加否定词not。例如:?Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.?我没能遵守诺言,十分抱歉。?Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.?我很抱歉不能帮助你。?1.作主语?动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式:?(1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。?Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.?捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。?Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.?学习新单词对我来说非常重要。?Talkingiseasierthandoing。说比做容易。?(2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:?ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.?和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。?It’sworthmakingtheeffort.?这事值得去做。?Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain??想再解释一次有好处吗??Itispleasantworkingwithyou.?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。?(3)在therebe结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:?Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.?若要人不知,除非己莫为。?Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。?这种事开不得玩笑。?Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.?无法知道他什么时候离开。?注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的比较:?动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。例如:?Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.?还是个孩子的时候,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦。?BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.?到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。?Doingnothingisdoingill.?什么也不做就是作恶。?Hesaid,“Togoonlikethisisnouse.”?他说:“继续这样下去是无用的。”?It’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.?我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。?归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:?It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的?Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没用处的?Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得?Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的?Thereisnodoing无法……,不允许……?Thereisnosenseindoing做……没有道理?Thereis/wasnousedoing干……无意义?Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比……更糟的?Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……无意义?Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.?我们不知道要去哪儿。?Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.?做这件傻事毫无意义。?注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……没必要,在此句式中todo不可换为doing。?Thereisnoneedtotellher.没有必要告诉她。?提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。?Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.?我姐姐病了,使我很担心。?Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.?你正确未必就意味着我错了。2.作动词的宾语?动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。?（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如:?Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。?Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend??你是否考虑过找一位挚友??Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.?我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper??晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗??Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.?人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。?这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。?（2）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。?A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。例如:?Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.?我考虑要去,可是我要写这篇作文。?Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.?我喜欢从政治、体育及音乐等方面学习新的事情。?Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.?我们相信将会有更多的人喜欢乘坐飞机旅行。?在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:?I’dprefertodothattomorrow.这事我想明天再做。?I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.?我倒是想去购物,但又不想白天去。?I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.?我想让你见一见张医生。?Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.?噢,我倒是想做个参赛者。?B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。例如:?Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.?20年代爵士音乐在美国南部各州开始发展。?Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.?船体开始出现漏洞,并开始进水。?Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.?汉克开始走回他自己坐的车厢。?Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.?新闻记者不得不停下手中所写的,立刻开始写最新的重要新闻。?当begin/start与see,think,feel,understand等动词连用时,用不定式。例如:?Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.?他们开始明白森林有多么重要。?begin/start用进行式时,只能后接不定式。例如:?Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.?我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。?I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.?我又开始长胖了。?C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,例如:?Irememberpostingtheletter.?我记得我已把信寄了。?I’llremembertoposttheletter.?我会记着去寄信的。?Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.?我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。?Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.?不要忘了给你母亲写信。?Iregretmissingthereport.?我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。?IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.?我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。?D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如trytodo(设法),trydoing(试试),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味着)。例如:?Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.?我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。?Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.?我们用别的方法做这工作试试。?Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry.?我并不想叫你生气。?Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours.?你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。?E.goondoing和goontodo?goondoing继续做一直在做的事;goontodo接着做另一件事。例如:?Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise.请接着做这同一个练习。?Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise.请做另外一个练习。?F.stopdoing与stoptodo?stopdoing停止做,stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:?Westoppedtalking.我们停止了交谈。?Westoppedtotalk.我们停了下来去谈话。3.作介词的宾语?动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。?A.介词+动名词,如:?We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.?我们得想些办法改变人们的习惯。?Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.?我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。?Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup.?离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪。?B.动词+介词+动名词,例如:?Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition.?我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。?Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface.?同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。?Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.?她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。?下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。?

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