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中考语文常见诗歌:钱塘湖春行
钱塘湖春行备考点一文为考生朋友们提供了钱塘湖春行原文、译文、注释以及作者简介、中考练习题等。景中寄情是这首诗的主要特点。它既写出浓郁的春意,又写出了自然之美给人的强烈感受。把感情寄托在景色中,诗中字里行间流露着喜悦轻松的情绪和对西湖春色细腻新鲜的感受。
诗歌结构
全诗结构严密,格律严谨,对仗工整,语言流畅,生动自然,语气平易,体现了通俗流畅的特点。诗人从总体上着眼描绘了湖上蓬蓬勃勃的春意,并善于在行进途中展开景物描写,选取了典型与分类排列相结合:中间写莺、燕、花、草四种最见春色的景物,动物与植物选择组合,独具匠心。还善于把握景物特征,运用最具表现力的词语加以描绘和渲染。
原文展现
钱塘湖[1]春行
唐代白居易
孤山寺[2]北贾亭西,水面初平[3]云脚低。
几处早莺[4]争暖树,谁家新燕[5]啄春泥。
乱花[6]渐欲迷人眼,浅草[7]才能没马蹄。
最爱湖东[8]行不足,绿杨阴[9]里白沙堤。
注释
⑴钱塘湖:即杭州西湖。
⑵孤山寺:南北朝时期陈文帝(522~565)初年建,名承福,宋时改名广华。孤山:在西湖的里、外湖之间,因与其他山不相接连,所以称孤山。上有孤山亭,可俯瞰西湖全景。贾亭:又叫贾公亭。西湖名胜之一,唐朝贾全所筑。唐贞元(唐德宗年号,785~805)中,贾全出任杭州刺史,于钱塘湖建亭。人称“贾亭”或“贾公亭”,该亭至唐代末年。
⑶水面初平:湖水才同堤岸齐平,即春水初涨。初:在古汉语里用作副词,常用来表示时间,是指不久。云脚低:白云重重叠叠,同湖面上的波澜连成一片,看上去,浮云很低,所以说“云脚低”。点明春游起点和途径之处,着力描绘湖面景色。多见于将雨或雨初停的时候。云脚:接近地面的云气,多见于将雨或雨初停时。“脚”的本义指人和动物行走的器官。这里指低垂的云。
⑷早莺:初春时早来的黄鹂。莺:黄鹂,鸣声婉转动听。争暖树:争着飞到向阳的树枝上去。暖树:向阳的树。
⑸新燕:刚从南方飞回来的燕子。啄:衔取。燕子衔泥筑巢。春行仰观所见,莺歌燕舞,生机动人。侧重禽鸟。
⑹乱花:纷繁的花。渐:副词,渐渐地。欲:副词,将要,就要。迷人眼:使人眼花缭乱。
⑺浅草:浅浅的青草。才能:刚够上。没(mò):遮没,盖没。春行俯察所见,花繁草嫩,春意盎然。侧重花草。浅浅的青草刚够没过马蹄。
⑻湖东:以孤山为参照物,白沙堤(即白堤)在孤山的东北面。行不足:百游不厌。足,满足。
⑼阴:同“荫”,指树荫。白沙堤:即今白堤,又称沙堤、断桥堤,在西湖东畔,唐朝以前已有。白居易在任杭州刺史时所筑白堤在钱塘门外,是另一条。
译文
行至孤山寺北,贾公亭西,暂且歇脚,举目远眺,但见水面平涨,白云低垂,秀色无边。
几只黄莺,争先飞往向阳树木,谁家燕子,为筑新巢衔来春泥?
鲜花缤纷,几乎迷人眼神,野草青青,刚刚遮没马蹄。
湖东景色,令人流连忘返,最为可爱的,还是那绿杨掩映的白沙堤。
作者详介
白居易(772年-846年),字乐天,号香山居士,又号醉吟先生,祖籍太原,到其曾祖父时迁居下邽,生于河南新郑。是唐代伟大的现实主义诗人,唐代三大诗人之一。白居易与元稹共同倡导新乐府运动,世称“元白”,与刘禹锡并称“刘白”。白居易的诗歌题材广泛,形式多样,语言平易通俗,有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至翰林学士、左赞善大夫。公元846年,白居易在洛阳逝世,葬于香山。有《白氏长庆集》传世,代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。
中考英语分类阅读及讲解汇编(五)体育天地7
Chess
Chessmustbeoneoftheoldestgamesintheworld.AnArabtravelerinIndiaintheyear900wrotethatitwasplayed‘long,longago’.ChesswasprobablyinventedinIndia,andithasbeenplayedeverywherefromJapantoEuropesince1400.Thename‘chess’isinteresting.Whenoneplayerisattackingtheother’sking,hesays,inEnglish,‘check’.Whenthekinghasbeencaughtandcannotmoveanywhere,hesays‘checkmate’.ThesewordscomefromPersian.Itmeans‘thekingisdead’.Thatiswhenthegameisover,andoneplayerhaswon.
Suchanoldgamechangesveryslowly.Theruleshavenotalwaysbeenthesameastheyarenow.Forexample,atonetimethequeencouldonlymoveonesquareatatime.Nowsheisthestrongestpieceontheboard.Itwouldbeinterestingtoknowwhythishashappened!Chesstakestimeandthought,butitisagameforallkindsofpeople.Youdon’thavetobeawinnerinordertoenjoyit.Itisnotalwaysplayedbytwopeoplesittingatthesametable.ThefirsttimetheAmericansbeattheRussianswasinamatchplayedbyradio.Somepeopleareabletoplaymanypeopleatthesametime.Onemanplayed400games!Itissaidthatsomepeopleplaychessbypost.Thismustmakechesstheslowestgameintheworld.
1.Chess______.
A.isanoldIndiangamefortravel
B.istheoldestgameintheworld
C.wasplayedinIndialongbefore900
D.wasplayedinJapanandEuropebefore1400
2.‘Atonetimethequeencouldonlymovedonesquareatatime.Nowthequeenisthestrongestpieceontheboard.’Thisexampleisusedtoshow______.
A.chessisaninterestinggame
B.chesschangesveryslowly
C.howthisrulehashappened
D.therehavebeensomechangesofrulesinchess
3.Youdon’thavetobeawinnerinordertoenjoyit.
A.onlyawinnercanenjoychess.
B.youcanenjoychessonlywhenyouloseagame
C.youcanenjoychessevenifyouarenotawinner
D.youcanenjoychesswhenyouplaywithawinner
4.Thewritertriestotellus_____.
A.someinterestingfactsaboutchess
B.howtherulesofchesshavechanged
C.howtoplaychess
D.howpeopleenjoychess
5.ThefirsttimetheAmericansbeattheRussianswasinamatchplayedbyradio.ForthefirsttimetheAmericans______thematch
A.beatB.gotC.hadD.won
Key:1.c2.d3.c4.a5.d
中考英语分类阅读及讲解汇编(五)体育天地8
AroundtheWorldbyBicycle
In1884,ThomasStevesdecidedtoridearoundtheworld.Hewouldgobybicycle.Noonehaddonethatbefore.Noonehasdonethesamewaysince.ButfirstTomhadtolearnhowtorideabicycle.
Tomlearnedquickly.InApril,helefthishomeinSanFrancisco.Hecovered3000milesofroughroads.HegottoBostoninAugust.BythenTomhadrunoutofmoney.HemetthefamousColonelPope.Popewasarichmanwhomadeandsoldbicycles.HeagreedtopayforTom’striptoEurope,soTomputhisbicycleonaboat.
Tom’sbikehadagiantwheelinfront.Sometimesthewheelbroke.InEurope,therewasalwayssomeonetofixit.TomlikedEurope.Theroadsweregoodthere.Therewerewonderfulthingstosee.Backhome,peoplereadaboutTom’stripinthenewspapers.
InAsia,theridegotharder..MostpeopledidnotspeakEnglish.Sometimespeoplestoppedhimtolookathisbicycle.Animalsblockedhispath,butTomrodeon.Chinesepeoplegavehimgifts.Tomwaspleasedwiththegifts,buttheywereheavy.Thegiftsslowedhimdown.Hedidn’tworryaboutlosttime,though.Hewasinnohurry.
InJanuary,1887,TomreturnedtoSanFrancisco.Hehadbeenawayforalmostthreeyears.Hewroteabouthistripandgavetalks.Hebecamewellknow.Hemadeenoughmoneytoliveon.Tom’slongridereallypaidoff!
1.Thisstoryismostlyabout______.
A.animalsinAsiaB.amanwhosawtheworldonabicycle
C.anewkindofbicycleD.ColonelPope
2.ColonelPopepaidfor______.
A.Tom’striptoEuropeB.anewbicycle
C.ahamburgerdinnerD.Tom’striptoAsia
3.TomlikedEuropebecause______.
A.hemademoneyB.theroadsweregood
C.hiswheelbrokeD.thepeoplewerefriendlythere
4.Athome,peoplefoundoutaboutTom’strip________.
A.ontheradioB.fromChinesepeople
C.fromnewspapersD.onTV
5.TomrodeslowlyinAsiabecause______
A.hisgiftswereheavyB.hedidnotspeakEnglish
C.hisbicyclebrokeD.hebecameill
Key:1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A
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