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2013中考英语语法常见习惯用语知识复习

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常见习惯用语
(一) 知识概要?
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲:Youaresobeautiful?这时的答语应该是Thankyou?如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲:YourEnglishisverygood?这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou?虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??
(二) 正误辨析?
[误]-WhatcanIdoforyou??
-Yes,pleasehelpme??
[正]-WhatcanIdoforyou??
-Idliketobuyasweater??
[析]WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?
[误]-Whichcolourdoyoulike??
-Sorry,Idontlike??
[正]-Whichcolourdoyoulike??
-Ipreferblue??
[析]由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如Yes,Ilikeit??
[误]Doyouliketocomewithustonight??
[正]Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight??
[析]Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:?
Shallwego?我们走吧!?
Letsgo?让我们走吧!?
Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何??
Whataboutacupofcoffee?喝杯咖啡如何??
Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢??
其肯定答语一般为Certainly,Yes,O.K. Allright,Withpleasure??
[误]Sorry,Ivekeptyouwaiting??
Notatall??
[正]Sorry,Ivekeptyouwaiting??
Nevermind??
[析]"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:?
-Doyoumindmysmokinghere??-_________?
A. Yes,doitplease??
B. No,ofcoursenot??
C. Yes,takeitplease??
D. No,youcanttakeit??
这时正确的选择应是B。其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:
DoyoumindifIopenthedoor??
Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme??
其答语如果是同意应为:Certainlynot,notatall?
而不同意时应为Yes,或Imsorry??
[误]Whatsthatman??
HeisMike??
[正]Whatsthatman??
Heisateacher??
[正]Whosthatman??
HeisMike?(HeisMikesfather?)?
[析]由what提问是问的职业,由who提问问的是姓名或身份。?
[误]-Howmucharethey??
-Halfakilo,please??
[正]-Howmanybananasdoyouwant??
-Halfakilo?Please??
[析]Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。
[误]Imsorry,butisthisthewaytothepark??
[正]Excuseme,butisthisthewaytothepark??
[析]Imsorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme?是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?
[误]-Haveagoodtimetonight!?
-Youarethesame??
[正]-Haveagoodtimetonight!?
-Thesametoyou??
[析]Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。?
[误]-Whatstheproblem??
-Ivegotaheadache??
[正]Whatswrongwithyou??
Ivegotaheadache??
[析]Whatswrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何,而Whatstheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?
[误]-Now,Imback?CanIplay??
-Perhaps?Youdbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst??
[正]-Now,Imback?CanIplay??
-Imafraidnot?Youdbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst??
[析]Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如:AmIright?Perhaps?而Imafraidnot?则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有:?
Imafraidthatyouareright??
其后直接加宾语从句。?
-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty??
-Imafraidnot?Ihavetogotoseemyfather?Heisinhospital??
其后+not,表示否定。?
-Sorry,Idontwanttogotherealone,Imafraidofthedog??
其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。?
Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam??
其后+of+动名词,表示害怕做某事。?
Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidntdowellintheexam??
其后+不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?
[误]-Howsoonwillyoubeready??
-Twodays??
[正]-Howsoonwillyoubeready??
-Intwodays??
[析]此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用intwodays,即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问,则答语可以用twodays。?
[误]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff??
-Idontmind??
-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek??
[正]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff??
-Whenexactly??
-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek??
[析]有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idontmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?
[误]SupposeyournameisTom?Thephoneringsandyoupickitup?Thefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"?
[正]SupposeyournameisTom?Thephoneringsandyoupickitup?Thefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"?
[析]在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Whosthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"Im ××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××." 就语法而论,"Whoareyou?""Im××××?""Mynameis×××××?"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。?
[误]-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend??
-Idonthopeso??
[正]-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend??
-Ihopenot??
[析]由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中Ithinkso?Ihopeso?Ibelieveso?是相同的,但在否定句中却常用Idontthinkso?但Idontbelieveso?和Idonthopeso?则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot?和Ihopenot?则为:我想可能不会发生吧!?
[误]-Isanybodythere??
-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[正]-Iseverybodythere?
-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[析]许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave??
[误]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!?
-No,myhandwritingisverypoor??
[正]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!?
-Thankyou??
[析]中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说:Thankyou?又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如:Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning?和Howdoyoudo?则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。?
[误]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"Excuseme?Illgofirst?"?
[正]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"Excuseme?Ihavetogo?"?
[析]这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲Illgofirst?朋友们会迷惑不解,而Ihavetogo?则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?
[误]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight??
-Idliketo,andImtoobusy??
[正]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight??
-Idliketo,butImtoobusy??
[析]Imtoobusy?与Idliketo?在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?
[误]-WheresDeter??
-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet??
[正]-WheresDeter??
-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet??
[析]由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。?
[误]-Hi,haventseenyouforages!Youlookfine!?
-Great?Youlookwelltoo??
[正]-Hi,haventseenyouforages!Youlookfine!?
-Thanks?Youlookwelltoo??
[析]要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹,而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。??
(三) 例题解析?
1? -Wouldyouliketohavesomerice??
-_________.?
A? Yes,IlikeB? Yes,pleaseC? ofcourseD? Yes,Ihave
?
[答案]B.?
[析]当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲Yes,please?如不想接受则用No,thanks??
2? -Nicetoseeyou?
?-_________.?
A? GoodmorningB? Happytomeetyou,too?
C? Nicetoseeyou,tooD? Pleasedtomeetyou,too
?
[答案]C.?
[析]虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。?
3? -Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater??
-_________.?
A? Yes,IwouldB? CertainlyC? No,thanksD? Yes,please
?
[答案]B.?
[析]当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes,please?为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。?
4? -Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme??
-_________.?
A? YourewelcomeB? Itdoesntmatter
C? NoneedD? Dontsaythat
?
[答案]A.?
[析]Yourewelcome译为中文为:不用谢。而Itdoesntmatter则为:没关系。?
5? -Hello,Lucy?Howareyou??
-_________Andyou??
A? Fine,thanksB? Yes,Iam
C? GladtomeetyouD? Goodafternoon
?
[答案]A.?
[析]在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好,谢谢!"?
6? -Helpyourselftosomemeat??
-_________?
A? Itsoundsnice.B? Yes,please.?
C? Yes,Letshelpeachother.D? Thankyou.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]Helpyourselftosomemeat.你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。?
7? -Oh,Iamnotfeelingwell?Ivegotacold??
-_________?
A? Fine,Howareyou?B? Nevermind?Takecare?
C? Well,Imsuretogetweelsoon.D? Imsorrytohearthat?
?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。?
8? -MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell??
-_________.?
A? No,IdontthinksoB? Thankyouverymuch?
C? NotgoodenoughD? Thatsallright
?
[答案]B.?
9? -"Kate,couldyouanswerthetelephone,please?"?
-_________,Mum?Illgetit.?
A? Yes,IcouldB? No,thanks?
C? O?K?D? Yes,butIhavenotime
?
[答案]C.?
[析]要注意could用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?
10? -CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewereaway??
-_________?
A? No,thanks.B? Withpleasure.?
C? Imnotafraid.D? Imsureyouwill.
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Withpleasure?是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?
11? -Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster,please??
-_________?
A? Holdon,please.B? Thatstheheadmaster,please.?
C? Whoareyou?please.D? Sorry?Imnottheheadmaster.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]holdon,please?是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that,而要用this,在电话用语中that指对方,this指自己。?
12? -Happybirthday!?
-_________?
A? Thankyou.B? Thesametoyou.?
C? Goodluck.D? Congratulations.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。?
13? -ImsorryIdontknowtheway,either?Youdbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp??
-_________?
A? Goodnight.B? Thatsnothing.?
C? Verywell.D? Thankyouallthesame.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame?意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。?
14? -Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek,SoIcantdoanything??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Dontworry
C? GoodluckD? Badluck
?
[答案]D.?
[析]如果用A则要用Imsorrytohearthat?而不能单用Imsorry?因Imsorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。?
15? -_________?
-Ihavegotacough??
A? Whatsyourtrouble?B? Whathaveyougot??
C? Whydidyoucomehere?D? Haveyougotacough?
?
[答案]A.?
[析]Whatsyourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有Whatswrongwithyou??
16? -Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme??
-_________?
A? Yes,Idloveto.B? Thatsright.
C? Yes,please.D? Quitewell.
?
[答案]A.?
[析]表示愿意作某事应讲:Idloveto?Idliketo??
17? -Whatstheweatherliketoday!?
-_________?
A? Itsniceforawalk.B? Ilikeautumnbestofall.?
C? Itwillbefinetomorrow.D? Itsrathercoldtoday.
?
[答案]D.?
[析]本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选D
18? -IsJanein,please?Iwanttospeaktoher??
-Sorry,sheisout?Youdbetter_________.?
A? visitherintheofficeB? callherlater?
C? seeherthisafternoonD? speaktoheryourself
?
[答案]B.?
[析]callherlater晚些时候再来电话。?
19? -_________?
-Verywell,thankyou,andyou??
A? Howdoyoudo?B? Goodmorning??
C? Howareyouthesedays?D? HowdoyoulikeEnglish?
?
[答案]C.?
[析]本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯:Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyoudo??
20? -Howisyourmother??
-_________?
A? Sheisold.B? Sheisnobetterthanshewas.?
C? Sheiskind?hearted.D? Sheisinherforties.
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何,而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。?
21? -Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp??
-_________.?
A? YourewelcomeB? Pleasedont
C? TheresnotroubleD? No,no
?
[答案]A.?
22? Yourunclehastakenyoutothecinema?Afterwardsyouthankhim?
Hesays"_________."?
A? ItwasnothingB? Imgladyouenjoyedit?
C? DontsayitD? No,neednt
?
[答案]B.?
[析]这是英语的答语,千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。?
23? -Thankyouforyourgoodpresent??
-_________.?
A? ItsnotgoodB? No,no
C? MypleasureD? Nevermind
?
[答案]C.?
24? Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou,youshouldsay_________.?
A.youaretoogoodB.ItsverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.Illthankyou
[答案]B.?
25? -Iamverysorry?Iamlatefordinner??
-_________.?
A.No,youarentB.ThatsallrightC.Yes,youareD.No,youdont
[答案]B.?
[析]Thatsallright?没关系。?
26? -ImsorryifIhurtyou??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Itsnottrue?
C? ItdoesntmatterD? Dontsaysorry
?
[答案]C.?
27? -Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou??
-_________.?
A? ImsorryB? Whatapity?
C? ItdoesntmattertomeD? Thatsterrible
[答案]B.?
[析]Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。?
28? -Helpyourselftosomefish??
-_________.?
A? YouareverykindB? Yes,Imhelpingmyself?
C? ThankyouD? Yes,dontworryaboutme
[答案]C.?
29? -Areyouready??-______.?
A? ImverysorryB? Trytobepatient?
C? Notyet,waitaminuteD? Doyouhavethetime,please?
[答案]C.
[析]notyet意为还没有完成。?
30? -Mum,Ihavepassedtheexam??
-_________.?
A? ThatsallrightB? Congratulations
C? YouareluckD? Goodlucktoyou
[答案]B.?
31? -IthinkIhavetoleave?Ihopewecangettogetheragain??
-_________.?
A? AllrightB? Thatsallright
C? O?K?D? Ihopeso,too
[答案]D.?
32? MustIwaittillhecomesback??.?
A? No,youneedntB? No,youmustnt?
C? No,youmaynotD? No,youcant
[答案]A.?
[析]must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must,表示必须做,而否定句则要用neednt表示没有必要做。?
33? -_________Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway??
-Yes,youhavetodoit??
A? ShallB? WayC? MustD? Have
[答案]C.?
34? -Dontyouthinkthiscolouristoobright??
-_________?
A? Yes,Iagree.B? Yes,butIdontthinkso.?
C? Yes,ofcoursenot.D? Yes,whatswrong?
[答案]A.?
35? -Itwascoldyesterday??
-_________.?
A? SowasitB? Soitwas
C? IbelievenotsoD? Ibelievenot
[答案]B.?
[析]当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因soitwas即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如:Iwenttothecinemayesterday?SodidI?表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。?
36? -Whatdoyouthinkofthesong??
-_________.?
A? IlikemusicverymuchB? Ilikeittoo?
C? WithpleasureD? Itsoundssweet
[答案]D.?
[析]sound在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。?
37? Doyouliketeaorcoffee??_________.?
A? Yes,IdoB? Thankyou
C? ThatsfineD? Eitherwilldo
[答案]D.?
[析]eitherwilldo?为两者哪个都可以。?
38? Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch??_________.?
A? No,itsuglyB? Sorry
C? ThankyouD? Yourewelcome
[答案]C.?
[析]这是英美语言的习惯。?
39? Helikestravellingbytrain??_________.?
A? SodoIB? Idos
C? IlikesoD? Ilikeit,neither
[答案]A.?
40? -Howdoyoulikeyourschool??
-_________.?
A? IlikeitverymuchB? Itsverybeautiful?
C? IdoesntlikeitD? Verywell
[答案]B.?
[析]Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。?
41? Whataniceday!?_________?
A? Youreright.B? No,isntit?
C? Yes,isntit?D? Really?
[答案]C.?
[析]Yes,isntit?是的,难道不是个好天气吗??
42? -Hello,_________??
-ThisisDellaspeaking??
A? WhoareyouB? AreyouTom?
C? WhoisthatD? Pleasetellmewhoareyou
[答案]C.?
[析]电话用语中that指对方,而this指自己。?
43? -Whatshelike??
-_________.?
A? HelikesEnglishB? Heisold?
C? HeislikeafarmerD? Heistallandthis
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分Whatshelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。?
44? Howdidyoudoyourjob??
Notverywell,_________.?
A? ImsureB? Iamafraid
C? ThankyouD? Imsorry
[答案]B.?
[析]Iamafraid我恐怕是,我想是。?
45? -_________youraunt??
-Sheisaprincipalofamiddleschool??
A? WhatdoesB? Wheredoes
C? WhatisD? Whomis
[答案]C.?
46? -_________?
-Heismyboss??
A? Whatstheman?B? Whoistheman??
C? Howistheman?D? Whatdoesthemando?
[答案]B.?
47? -MayIhaveyourname??
-_________.?
A? No,noB? Yourepolite
C? CallmeJohnD? Itskindofyou
?
[答案]C.?
48? -ShallImakecoffeeforyou??
-_________.?
A? Yes,thankyouB? No,donttrouble?
C? Donttroublethis,thankyouD? No,dontmakeit
?
[答案]A.?
49? -CouldyoushowmethewaytoMr?Buownsoffice??
-_________.?
A? NotatallB? Imsure
C? AllrightD? Icandoit
?
[答案]C.?
50? -Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon??
-_________.?
A? ItsverykindofyouB? Youaresothoughtful?
C? ThatsagoodideaD? Yes,wellgo
?
[答案]C.?

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2013中考英语语法句型therebe知识复习


句型therebe
1.基本结构
Therebe+主语+地点/时间状语。如:
Thereisacomputerintheroom.房间里有一台电脑。
TherearetwoTVplayseveryevening.每晚有两场电视剧。
2.主谓一致
要采取就近一致原则,和*近be的主语一致。如:
Thereisapen,tworulersinthebox.盒子里有一只钢笔,两把尺子。
Therearetwoboysandateacherattheschoolgate.门口有两个男孩,一个老师。
3.主语后的动词形式
在therebe句型中,主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词;是被动关系时用过去分词。如:
Thereisapurselyingontheground.地上有一个钱包。
Therearefiveminutesleftnow.现在还有5分钟。
4.反意疑问句。
反意疑问句应与therebe对应,而不是依据主语。如:
Thereisaradioonthetable,isntthere?桌子上有一台收音机,是吧?
Therearemorethanfiftyclassesinyourschool,arentthere?你们班有50多名学生,是吧?
5.therebe与have的替换
therebe表示所属时可与have替换
Thereisnothingbutabookinmybag.=Ihavenothingbutabookinmybag.包里只有一本书。
6.therebe后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
Thereisalotofworktodo.有许多工作要做。
注意:当该句型主语是something,anything,nothing等不定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。
Thereisnothingtodo.没有事可做。
Thereisnothingtobedone.没有办法(束手无策)。
7.与其它词连用,构成复合谓语。如:
Theremaybearainthisafternoon.今天下午可能有雨。
Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.战争之前,这儿有一家电影院。
8.变体
therebe结构中的be有时可用live,stand,remain等代替。如:
Oncetherelivedakingwhocaredmoreaboutnewclothesthananythingelse.从前有位国王喜欢新服胜过别的任何东西。
9.习惯用语
Thereisnogood/use(in)doingsth.做某事没有好处/用处;Thereisnotamomenttolose.一刻也不能耽误。例如:
Thereisnogoodmakingfriendswithhim.和他交朋友没有什么好处。
Heisveryill.Sendhimtohospital.Theresnotamomenttolose.他病得厉害,把他送到医院去,一刻也不能耽误。

2013年中考英语语法动词知识复习


做好教案课件是老师上好课的前提,大家在用心的考虑自己的教案课件。在写好了教案课件计划后,才能更好的在接下来的工作轻装上阵!那么到底适合教案课件的范文有哪些?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《2013年中考英语语法动词知识复习》,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

动词
?(一)知识概要
动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多,但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。①时态:初中范围主要有一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,将来时与过去将来时六种时态。②语态:主动语态与被动语态。③助动词和情态动词。④非谓语动词,也就是不定式,动名词及现在分词的用法。?时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习惯用法。
?1?一般现在时:主要有以下三方面,①用来表示状态,特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物质有三态。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthesun??②表?示习惯性和经常发生的动作,如:Ioftengotobedat9∶30?③在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作,如:AssoonasIgetthereIlltelephoneyou.
?2?一般过去时:① 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,如:Iwasilllastweek?②过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.
?3?一般将来时:用于表示将要发生的动作,其构成方式①用will(shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生,或经常、将要发生的动作或状态,如:SchoolwillbeginonSepember1st?②用begoingto+动词原形,用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如:?Im?goingtoswimthisafternoon?③be+现在分词,也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来,如:?Im?coming。这些动词只限于:go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等动词。④在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
?4?现在进行时:用于表示现在正在进行的动作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow?要注意的是表示状态,情感的某些词没有现在进行时,这些动词有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect…
?5?过去将来时:用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作,如:Hetoldmehewouldcometomyparty?
?6?现在完成时与过去完成时:现在完成时的两个用处是:① 用来表达在过去开始的动作持续到现在,如:IvestudiedEnglishfortwoyears?②用来表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在,如:Ihaventhadmybreakfast.soImhungrynow?现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时间,现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在,而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如:Ihaventseenmyoldteacherforalongtime?我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句话,则将变为过去完成时,如:YesterdayIsawmyoldteacher.Ihadntseenhimforalongtime.因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完成时,但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbegun?如果一定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态,或延续性动词,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbeenonforfiveminutes??语态:英语中只有主动语态与被动语态之分。主动语态,句子中的主语是动作的执行者,如:Ibrokethewindow?而被动语态句子中的主语是主动语态句子中的宾语,如:Thewindowwasbrokenbyme?被动语态主要用于,动作的执行者不明确,或没有必要说出来,如:TheNewbuildingwasbuiltlastweek?关键要注意的是在主动语态中有省略不定式符号to的动词,在被动语态要还原,如:主动语态Isawhimcomein.?被动语态Hewasseentocomein.?助动词和情态动词:助动词本身没有词义,它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词,形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句,否定句,以及用来加强语气。而情态动词则表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测……的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有:can,could,may,might,will,would,must(haveto),shall,should。?最后要谈论的是非谓语动词,非谓语动词分为不定式,和动词的ing形式,(即现在分词和动名词)。虽然在初中范围,这一项不是语法重点,但还是要花一定时间去学习,为的是打下良好的基础。为进一步学习提供良好的条件。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。如:Toseeistobelieve.(百闻不如一见)Hewanttoseeafilm?还可以作补足语,如:Hewantsmetoleave.也可以作状语,如:IcomeheretolearnEnglish.?动名词也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeswimmingverymuch.而现在分词多用于作定语、补足语、状语,如:Thegirldrivingacarishersister.(定语)Didyounoticehishandshaking?(宾语补足语)
Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(状语)
(二)正误辨析
?[误]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.
?[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.
?[析]考试中常出现的是易混动词lay放,lie躺,lie说谎。它们的过去时、过去分词和现在分词变化如下:
?lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物动词)
?lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物动词)
?lie(说谎)lied,lied,lying
?[误]Pleaseriseyourhand.
?[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.
?[析]rise是不及物动词,其后不能接宾语,如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物动词。
?[误]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdontlikeswimmingthisafternoon.
?[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.
?[析]like作为"喜欢"讲时,可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。?但要注意的是like与would连用时则一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme??再有一点要注意的是,like作为介词"像"讲时,只能用分词作其宾语。
?[误]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice?
?[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?
?[析]hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么,而listento的侧重点为听的倾向,如:listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同,look重于"看"的倾向,而see重于看见没看见。
?[误]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?
?[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently?
?[析]英语中see与watch各有不同的用处,see用于看电影、剧目,而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
?[误]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.
?[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.
?[析]hang有两个含义,①"挂",它的过去时与过去分词是hung,hung;②"绞刑",这时它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词则为hanged,hanged。
?[误]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook?
?[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?
?[析]"借"在英文中有三个词,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词,而keep是延续性动词。如HowlongcanIkeepit?
?[误]Wehavewonyourclass.
?[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.
?[析]win是及物动词,其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而beat的宾语,应是人、队、班级等等,如:Wewonthegame.
?[误]Ileftmykey.
?[正]Iforgotmykey.
?[正]Ileftmykeyathome.
?[析]leave是"丢下",其后一定要接地点状语,而forget其后不要接地点状语。
?[误]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.
?[正]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.
?[析]bring为"带来"如:Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take为"带走",fetch为"去某处取什么回来",如:Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus??要熟记的是在初中课文中与take有关的词组,如:?takeaway拿走takeback收回takedown取下?takeoff脱下take…out拿出takeplace发生?takeholdof拿住takepartin参加takeaseat坐下?takeonesplace替代takealook看看takeonesturn轮流?takeamessage捎信takecareof照看takeiteasy别着急?takeonestime慢慢来takeonestemperature测量体温
?[误]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.
?[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.
?[析]reach作"到达"讲时是及物动词,如:Ireachedthehotelat8∶30?但作"伸手去拿",则要用reachforsomething。作为"到达"讲时还有arrive(in+大地方)(at+较小的地方)和getto.要注意的是与get有关的词组有:?getback回来getin收割getinto进入getoff下车?geton上车getout出去getup起床getto到达?getreadyfor=bereadyfor?getonwellwith与人相处融洽?get加比较级为变得如何,例如:?getcolderandcolder.
?[误]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.
?[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.
?[析]英文中的"花费"有4个spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend与pay所在句中的主语应为人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.而cost与take的主语则是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.
?[误]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.
?[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.
?[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.
?[析]要注意open是动词也是形容词,而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。?
[误]Pleasewaitaminute.Imhavingonmyclothes.
?[正]Pleasewaitaminute.Imputtingonmyclothes.
?[析]英语中的穿衣服要分状态,是什么样的穿着打扮,还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用进行时态,它多用一般时态,如:Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear则多用进行时来表示状态,如:Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示动作的词中puton是常用的一词。dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldntdressthemselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词,如:Heisdressedinwhite.
?[误]Mycomputercantbegin.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
?[正]Mycomputercantstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
?[析]begin与start均可指"开始",而且常常可以互换,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.但是在两种情况下不宜用begin而要用start,①当作机器开动、发动讲,如:Mycarcantstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作为"旅途开始"讲,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
?[误]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.
?[正]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.
?[析]find是不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是found,found,而found又是另外一词"建立",它是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词是foundedfounded,如:ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
?[误]Please.LetsspeakinEnglish.
?[正]Please.LetsspeakEnglish.
?[正]Please.LetstalkinEnglish.
?[误]CanyouspeakitEnglish?
?[正]CanyousayitinEnglish?
?[析]英文中"说"有4个常用词say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk,如:Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词,其他情况是不及物动词。say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用双宾语,如:Tellusastory.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如:Tellthetruth.
?[误]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese?
?[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese?
?[析]tell…from为固定词组,即分辨两者的不同。
?[误]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot?
?[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot?
?[析]excuseme用于未打扰对方前,以提醒对方注意的用语,而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。
?[误]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus?
?[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus?
?[析]carefor后接不定式时,要省略for,或换用名词,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea.carefor作"照顾"讲时与lookafter相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有:
?askfor请求callfor接人,请人carefor关心?
goinfor从事answerfor负责lookfor寻找
?waitfor等待sendfor请人payfor付款?
searchfor寻找leavefor去某地preparefor准备?
thanksomebodyforsomething为某事向某人道谢。
?[误]Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igottoit.
?[正]Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.
?[析]understand这一词没有进行时态,如同感观动词love、hate…Igotit是美语,即Iunderstoodit。要记住get作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词,如:Illgettotheschoolat8a.m.?初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下:?belongto属于cometo苏醒pointto(at)指着?getto到达referto谈到stickto坚持?leadto导致turnto翻到lookforwardto期望?agreeto同意
?[误]Themeathasgonebadly.
?[正]Themeathasgonebad.
?[析]英语中go,get,become,turn作为转变时,其后接形容词,这时这些动词应被看作系动词。
?[误]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.
?[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
?[析]如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时,则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实,所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。
?[误]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIllbeback.
?[正]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.
?[析]在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来,如:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.
?[误]Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.
?[正]Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.
?[析]在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时,依然要用一般现在时表示将来,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyoullcomehereornot.
?[误]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?
?[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?
?[析]在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时,如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday?
?[误]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididntgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenitbefore.
?[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.IdidntgowiththembecauseIhadseenitbefore.
?[析]现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点,它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时;如动作截止到过去,用过去完成时。例如:IvelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到现在为止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(动作截止到上大学那时,即截止于过去)
?[误]Imfeelingwellnow.
?[正]Ifeelwellnow.
?[析]瞬间动词有些无进行时态,它们是:?表示思维状态的词:believe,feel,forget,imagine,know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want?表示感情的动词:care,like,dolike,love,mind,hate,fear?表示状态的词:belong,own?感观动词:feel,hear,see,smell,taste
?[误]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork?
?[正]Whendidyoudothiswork?
?[析]when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。
?[误]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.
?[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.
?[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人现在不在这里。havebeento是到过某地,现在此人在说话现场。
?[误]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.
?[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.
?[析]截止性动词有完成时态,但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如:WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.?但要讲WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes这样的用法还有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天买的这本书。?Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.这本书我已买了两天了。
?Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。
?Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。
?Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父亲是5年前去世的。
?Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父亲已去世5年了。
?[误]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?
?[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons?
?[析]有些动词不易用完成时态,它们是understand,think,believe,know(知道)
?[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.
?[误]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.
?[析]在讲述过去的历史事件时,总要用过去时而不要用完成时,而且happen,breakout,takeplace作为发生讲时均没有被动语态。
?[误]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
?[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
?[析]在一个长动作发生或进行的过程中,某一突然事件发生,这时长动作应用进行时(现在进行时或过去进行时),而突发性动作用一般时(一般现在时或一般过去时),如:Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.
?[误]Pleasebuyabookforme.
?[正]Pleasebuymeabook.
?[正]Pleasebuyabooktome.
?[析]在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,如:Buymeabook中me是间接宾语,而abook是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置,其后应加to,如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.
?[误]Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.
?[正]Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.
?[析]在主动语态中,有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语,如:Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果变为被动语态时,则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语,如:Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如变为被动语态时,则没有变化。如:Hewasseencomingintothebookstore.
?[误]Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell?
?[正]Hownicethebookis!Doesitsellwell?
?[析]有些动词可以表示一种动作,但也可以用来表示某种性质,表示动作时可用被动语态,在表示性质时则不可用被动语态。如:
?Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
?Thiscardriveseasily.这车容易驾驶。
?Theseclotheswasheasily.这些衣服好洗。
?在作上述表达时,不要用被动语态。而要讲:
?Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(这种书卖完了)
?Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.这时要用被动语态,因为它描述的是具体动作。
?[误]MustIdoitnow??
No.youmustnt.
?[正]MustIdoitnow??No,youneednt.
?[析]need用在疑问句和否定句中常用作情态动词,其后接不带to的不定式。由must提问的问句作答语时,如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用neednt,即为没有必要。在肯定句中常用作实意动词,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.
?[误]Isthisbookyours?
?Yes,Its.
?[正]Isthisbookyours??
Yes,Itis.
?[析]在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式,而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式,如:No.Itisnt.
?[误]Illhavemybikerepairtomorrow.
?[正]Illhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.
?[析]have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为:让某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearnhowtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmight??have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事,则用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.
?[误]Illgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.
?[正]Illgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.
?[析]have与get的用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。相同之处,如:havesomethingdone,也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething但不同之处在于havesomebodydosomething在用get时则要用getsomebodytodosomething。
?[误]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaventtostudyafullday?
?[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdonthavetostudyafullday.
?[析]haveto不得不,而donthaveto为其否定式。
?[误]IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hemustntbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.
?[正]IsTomintheclassroom?No.HecantbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.
?[析]must加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测,而表示否定的推测则要用cant。
?[误]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoreadwithoutglasses.
?[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.
?[析]can(could)多用于表达客观的事实,主观能力,而beableto则多用于表达主观的意愿。
?[误]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Sheshouldbeasleep.
?[正]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Shemustbeasleep?
?[析]should用于现在时态的句子中应译为"应该",如:Youshoulddoyourhomeworkrightaway.而must加动词原形表示一种推测。
?[误]Doyouliketogowithus?
?[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus?
?[析]Doyoulike…问的是习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?而wouldyoulike是一次性的邀请。
?[误]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.
?[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.
?[析]usedto共有三种用法,①表示过去的习惯,如:Iusedtolivewithmyparents.?②表示?过去的习惯延续到现在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被动语态,如: ?Oilis?usedtocook?
?[误]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.
?[正]Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.
?[析]不定式作主语时,应视为单数主语,特别是两个不定式用and作连词作主语时,如指的是一件事也应用单数谓语动词。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth.
?[误]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.
?[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.
?[析]某些动词要求不定式作其宾语或宾语补足语,它们是:asksomebodytodosomething要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告诉某人做某事还有prepare准备,decide决定,happento碰巧,seem似乎。
?[误]hetoldmetodriveacar.
?[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.
?[析]要学会疑问词加不定式的用法,特别要注意的是what是疑问代词,而how是疑问副词。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的,因how是疑问副词,不能作及物动词的宾语,而what是疑问代词,可做do的宾语,所以whattodo后不要加it。
?[误]Iamverygladmeetingyou.
?[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.
?[析]许多形容词后加不定式,这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度,如:glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,careful,surprised。
?[误]Imtoogladforseeingyou.
?[正]Imtoogladtoseeyou.
?[析]这句话不能按照too…to的句型翻译为:我太高兴了以至于不想见你。而应译为:见到你太高兴了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth?应译为:她很诚实,不会不讲实话。
?[误]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.
?[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.
?[析]这是too…to的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。
?[误]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
?[正]Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
?[析]在句中表示某动作的目的时,要用不定式而不能用for加动名词。
?[误]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.
?[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.
?[析]当不定式作后置定语时,将不定式放于名词之后。如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则其后面的介词不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.这样的用法还有:Iwanttofindaroomtolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.
?[误]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.
?[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.
?[析]beaboutto是表达较近的即将发生的动作,可用来表示将来时,或按计划、安排的事。
?[误]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.
?[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.
?[析]在不定式作宾语时,下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。①句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者,如:Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者,如:Couldyoufindmeajobtodo?③在形容词之后的不定式,如:Englishisdifficulttolearn.
?[误]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idlove.
?[正]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idloveto.
?[析]在口语简答语中要将不定式符号保留,如:?Ihadto(不得不作)Imgoingto(打算作)Iusedto(过去习惯作)?Idloveto(喜欢作)Ihopeto(希望作某事)Illbegladto(高兴作)
?[误]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme?
?[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme?
?[析]在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,notice。
?[误]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.
?[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.
?[析]在被动语态中要将主动语态句中省去的不定式还原回来。
?[误]Please?Letmychildtotryitagain.
?[正]Please?Letmychildtryitagain.
?[析]在make,have,let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
?[误]Whynottodoitagain?
?[正]Whynotdoitagain?
?[析]Whynot,youdbetter后接不带to的不定式,如:Youdbettergo.但要注意的是它的否定式是Youdbetternotgo.
?[误]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelptocry.
?[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelpcrying.
?[析]canthelp+现在分词表示情不自禁作某事。
?[误]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.
?[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.
?[析]现在分词作定语有正在的含义,如:fallingleave正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallenleaves是落地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。
?[误]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice?
?[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice?
?[析]感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语,表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作,而用现在分词表示一个正在进行中的动作。
?[误]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.
?[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.
?[正]Iwanttogoshopping.
?[析]shop作买东西讲时,要用goshopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有:?goboating划船gosailing航海goskating滑冰?goshooting射击godancing去跳舞gofishing钓鱼?goswimming去游泳……不要用错,也不要改为其他式,因为这是习惯用法。
?[误]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.
?[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.thestudentsstoppedtalking.
?[析]stoptodosomething是停下来去做某事,而stopdoingsomething则是停止做某事。
?[误]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
?[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
?[析]remember后接不定式是记着去做某事,即该动作并没有完成。而remember后接动名词则表明该动作已经作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯的动作并没有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相同用法还有forget。
?[误]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
?[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
?[析]在英语中有些动词后要接动名词作宾语。在初中范围主要有两个动词finish和enjoy,千万不要与like相比。因为like作动词"喜欢"用时,其后接动名词表示习惯性动作,接不定式表示一次性特殊的动作,而wouldyoulike后面则一定要用不定式。
?[误]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.
?[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoplayfootball.
?[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是在做一件事的过程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。
?[误]Hesbusytopreparehislessons.
?[正]Hesbusypreparinghislessons.
?[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。
?(三)例题解析
?1?MrZhangaskedme___thewordsagain.
?A.read
B.reads
C.toread
D.reading
?[答案]C.
?[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。
?2?You___playontheroad.Itsdangerous.
?A.mustnt
B.may
C.can
D.must
?[答案]A.
?[析]must用于否定句表示禁止做某事。
?3?MrBrown___inBeijingsince1993.
?A.work
B.works
C.worked
D.hasworked
?[答案]D.
?[析]句中有since引导的时间状语,因此句中要用完成时态。
?4?I___aletterwhenmymothercamein.
?A.write
B.amwriting
C.waswriting
D.willwrite
?[答案]C.
?[析]当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作,而写信是一个长动作,所以写信这个动作应用过去进行时态,表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作。
?5?Itsnotanimportantparty,youneednt___.
?A.payforit
B.wearitout
C.tryitout
D.dressupforit
?[答案]D.?[析]payfor-为某物,某人付款,wearout-穿坏,磨破,tryout-选拔,挑选,而dressup-梳妆打扮。
?6?CanI___abikefromhim?
?A.lend
B.return
C.give
D.borrow
?[答案]D.
?[析]borrowsomethingfrom…为向某人某处借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介词应用to。
?7?-MustIstayathome?
?-No,you___.
?A.mustnt
B.neednt
C.maynot
D.cannot
?[答案]B.
?[析]neednt为"没有必要必须做某事",而mustnt为"禁止做",cannot为"不能做"。根据题意是:你不一定待在家里。
?8?-Howlonghaveyou___here?
?-Abouttwomonths.
?A.been
B.gone
C.come
D.arrived
?[答案]A.
?[析]havebeenhere是个状态,可以与后面的长时间状语连接,而其他三个动词都是瞬间动词。
?9?Stamps___bypeopleforsendingletters.
?A.use
B.using
C.used
D.areused
?[答案]D.
?[析]这里是被动语态,意为邮票被人们用来发信。
?10?TheradiosaysTianjinwillbe___tomorrow.
?A.rains
B.rain
C.rained
D.rainy
?[答案]D.
?[析]rainy为形容词作表语。
?11?Ifyoudontknowthisword,___inthedictionary.
?A.lookforit
B.lookatit
C.lookafterit
D.lookitup
?[答案]D.
?[析]lookup查字典,与look有关的词组有:
lookabout四周环视
lookafter照顾
lookaround周围,四处看
lookat看
lookback回顾
lookfor寻找
lookforwardto期待
lookout当心
looklike看上去像
12?Myfathertoldme___playonthestreet.
?A.not
B.tonot
C.notto
D.didnot
?[答案]C.
?[析]不定式的否定式是nottodosomething.
13?Thereisgoingto___anEnglishpartythisevening.
?A.be
B.has
C.have
D.is
?[答案]A.
?[析]这里是therebe无生命的"有"加助动词的句型,即therewillbe,而没有therehave的句型。
?14?There___nobusstopherelastyear.
?A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
?[答案]B.
?[析]lastyear为去年,所以用过去时。而therebe句型的单复数要看be动词之后离之最近的名词是单数还是复数。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.
?15?Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifit___tomorrow.
?A.isntrain
B.rains
C.wontrain
D.doesntrain
?[答案]D.
?[析]在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来。
?16?Bikesmustnt___everywhere.
?A.beput
B.beputted
C.put
D.putting
?[答案]A.
?[析]这里是被动语态。与put有关的词组如下:?
putaway放好putoff推迟puton穿上putout扑灭putdown放下
17?NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimei___Harbin.
?A.havebeento
B.hasbeento
C.havegoneto
D.hasgoneto
?[答案]B.
?[析]hasbeento是去过某处。
?18?Itscoldtodayyoudbetter___morecoats.
?A.puton
B.takeoff
C.toputon
D.totakeoff
?[答案]A.
?[析]dbetter其后加不带to的不定式,而puton为"穿上"。
?19?Henry___abirthdaycardforSamyesterday.
?A.hasbought
B.buys
C.bought
D.willbuy
?[答案]C.
?[析]因句中的yesterday为表达过去的时间状语,所以应用过去时态。?
20?WhenIgottothefactory,theworkers___aboutthefilim.
?A.aretalking
B.talked
C.weretalking
D.havetalked
?[答案]C.
?[析]状语从句中所用的动词为过去时,则主句中也要与之呼应。而工人们在谈论电影为一长时间的动作,所以要用过去进行时。?
21?Nohurry,please___yourtime.
?A.take
B.bring
C.carry
D.catch
?[答案]A.
?[析]takeonestime慢慢来别着急。?
22?Ienjoy___thelightmusic.
?A.tolistento
B.listeningto
C.hearing
D.tohear
?[答案]B.
?[析]enjoy与finish其后只能接动名词作宾语补足语。?
23?Please___assoonasyougetthere.
?A.ringmeup
B.ringupme
C.wakemeup
D.wakeupme
?[答案]A.
?[析]ringup打电话,而wakeup唤醒。英文中有很多动词词组如其宾语是代词时,一定要放在动词与介词之间。?
24?WhenI___,Iwanttobeateacher.
?A.growsup
B.growup
C.shallgrow
D.grewup
?[答案]B.
?[析]growup长大。而状语从句要用现在时表示将来,即使主句也用的是一般现在时,但它含有将来之意。
?25?Icalledhimandhe___tohaveatalkwithme.
?A.stop
B.stops
C.stoped
D.stopped
?[答案]D.
?[析]这是由and连接的两个并列句,所以时态应保持一致。?
26?-Wouldyouplease___meanevaser,Lucy?
?-Certainly.Hereyouare.
?A.borrow
B.lend
C.borrowed
D.lent
?[答案]B.
?[析]wouldyouplease其后接不带to的不定式即动词原形,而borrow为"借入"而lend为"借出"。
?27?Trees___inspring.
?A.plant
B.wereplanted
C.shouldbeplanted
D.shouldplant
?[答案]C.?
[析]should用于一般现在时态中表示应该,而此句又是被动语态。
28?-Wheresyourfather?
?-He___toParis.
?A.go
B.goes
C.went
D.hasgone
?[答案]D.
?[析]hasgone是已去某处了,不在这里了。所以强调过去的动作影响到现在。?
29?-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow?
?-No,you___.Youcandoitathome.
?A.mustnt
B.maynot
C.neednt
D.can
?[答案]C.
?[析]neednt表示没有必要一定要这样做。由must提问,肯定句用must,否定句用neednt.?
30?Thankyouverymuchfor___yourbook___me.
?A.lending,to
B.lent,to
C.borrow,from
D.borrowing,from
?[答案]A.
?[析]for是介词,要用动名词作介词宾语。
?31?TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.
?A.blowing
B.blow
C.blows
D.toblow
?[答案]A.
?[析]stop…fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。
?32?ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifit___finetomorrow.
?A.willbe
B.is
C.shallbe
D.was
?[答案]B.
?33?Ourteacheralwaystellsus___inthestreet.Itstoodangerous.
?A.dontplay
B.nottoplay
C.toplay
D.notplay
?[答案]B.
?[析]不定式的否定式为nottodo。?
34?Englishisausefullanguage.It___widelyintheworld.
?A.isspoken
B.wasspoken
C.canspeak
D.willspeak
?[答案]A.[来
?[析]本句为被动语态。
?35?Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.It___abird.
?A.looksat
B.lookslike
C.looksfor
D.looksafter
?[答案]B.
?[析]looklike像……,其中like为介词。
?36?-Look!WhatsWangPingdoingoverthere?
?-She___underabigtree.
?A.sings
B.sang
C.hassung
D.issinging
?[答案]D.
?37?You___seeadoctor.Youvegotabadcold.
?A.will
B.aregoingto
C.hadbetter
D.could
?[答案]C.
?[析]hadbetter最好,意为一种真心的劝告。?
38?Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease___?
?A.turndownit
B.turnitdown
C.toturndownit
D.toturnitdown
?[答案]B.
?[析]wouldyouplease后面加动词原形。?
39?Couldyoutellmeifit___tomorrow?
?A.rains
B.israining
C.willrain
D.rain
?[答案]C.
?[析]if从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。所以还是要用将来时,而不能用一般现在时表示将来。
?40?Suddenlyoneofthebags___thetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.
?A.fellout
B.felldown
C.felloff
D.willbe
?[答案]C.
?[析]falloff掉落,与off有关的词组有?seeoff送行giveoff散发shutoff关闭kickoff踢掉turnoff关闭getoff下车jumpoff跳下showof炫耀takeoff脱下payoff付清
41?He___atthisschoolsincetwoyearsago.
?A.was
B.hasbeen
C.is
D.willbe
?[答案]B.
?[析]since引导的时间状语应与完成时相呼应。
?42?Shedoesntknow___.
?A.whentodo
B.whattodo
C.howtodo
D.wheretodo
?[答案]B.
?[析]when,how,where均为疑问副词,而what为疑问代词,又因do是及物动词需要宾语。如用疑问副词时应为whentodoit,howtodoit,wheretodoit.
?43?Mustolderpeople___topolitely.
?A.speak
B.spoken
C.bespoke
D.bespoken
?[答案]D.
?[析]这句话的主动语态应为Peoplemustspeakpolitelytoolderpeople?对年龄较大的人讲话应有礼貌。?
44?Teachersusuallyasktheirstudents___loudlyinclass.
?A.tospeak
B.speak
C.speaks
D.spoke
?[答案]A.
?[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。?
45?-WhereisMrZhang?
?-Look!He___onabigmachineoverthere.
?A.works
B.worked
C.isworking
D.hasworked
?[答案]C.
?[析]由look,liston等词开始的句子一般要用现在进行时态。?
46?Theresafootballmatch.Please___theTVatonce.Letswatchtogether.
?A.turnon
B.takeoff
C.turnoff
D.goon
?[答案]A.
?[析]turnon打开。与turn有关的词组有:turnagainst背叛turnon打开turn+颜色变为某种颜色turnoff关闭turnover翻转turnto翻到某页turninto变为turnup向上翻
47?Pleasetellmewhere___haveourpicnictomorrow.
?A.wewill
B.willwe
C.will
D.willyou
?[答案]A.
?[析]where引导的从句是宾语从句,而不是状语从句。
?48?We___Englishforthreeyearsalready.AndwecanspeakalittleEnglishnow.
?A.learn
B.havelearned
C.haslearned
D.willlearn
?[答案]B.
?[析]for+表示一段长度的时间词,应与完成时相呼应。
?49?Atlast,LinFengmadethebaby___andbegintolaugh.
?A.stoptocry
B.stopcrying
C.tostoptocry
D.tostopcrying
?[答案]B.
?[析]makesomebodydo(ordoing)something,stopdoing意为停止做某事。
?50?Ourclassroommust___cleaneveryday.
?A.keep
B.tokeep
C.bekept
D.tobekept
?[答案]C.
?[析]应为被动语态。
?51?Ihearthere___asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.?
A.isgoingtohave
B.willhave?
C.isgoingtobe
D.aregoingtobe
?[答案]C.
?[析]这是hear的宾语从句是therebe句型。而且是用了begoingto形式。
?52?Itsgettingcolder,Peter.Youdbetter___thiscoatwithyou.
?A.bring
B.carry
C.take
D.get
?[答案]C.
?[析]bring带来,take带走。
?53?Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.?It___everyday.
?A.cleans
B.iscleaning
C.cleaned
D.iscleaned
?[答案]D.
?[析]这里表达的是经常的一种状态,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。?
54?Ifyouarenotcarefulinthestreet,acarmay___you.
?A.hurt
B.hit
C.run
D.catch
?[答案]B.
?[析]hit撞上,碰上,击中
?55?Thefarmerswerebusy___readyforthenextyear.
?A.got
B.getting
C.toget
D.get
?[答案]B.
?[析]bebusy后应用动词的ing形式。

2013年中考英语语法主要句式知识复习


教案课件是每个老师工作中上课需要准备的东西,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。只有规划好了教案课件新的工作计划,才能促进我们的工作进一步发展!你们知道多少范文适合教案课件?考虑到您的需要,小编特地编辑了“2013年中考英语语法主要句式知识复习”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。

主要句式
?(一)知识概要
初中所学的句型一般要分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。?陈述句中有肯定句与否定句之分。其中可以分为以下五种:
①主语+不及物动词。如:Iarrivedatsixlastnight.
②主语+及物动词+宾语,如:IboughtagoodEnglish?ChineseDictionaryyesterday.
③主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.
④主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.
⑤主语+系动词+表语,如:TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常见的句型中有Therebe…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:Thereisamaponthewall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致。要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.?在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应。
要注意的有如下几点:
①用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演员。而asingerandadancer则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以s结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如:Thenewsisgood(news为不可数名词)。
③有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如:Thispairofglassesisgood?Myglassesarebroken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如:Peoplearecominghere?这样的词还有Police,如果要讲一个警察时,应讲apoliceman。两个警察为twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代词each,either,neither,one,theother,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作为单数如:Someoneiswaitingforyou??在并列句中表示联合关系的连词有:andnotonly…butalso, neither…nor, either…or?如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示转折关系的并列连词有:but和yet,如:Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidntpassthefinalexam.又如:Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue?表示选择关系的连词有:or,either…or,如:Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool?表示因果关系的并列连词有:for,so如:Theystudiedveryhard,sotheyallpassedtheexam??
在初中范围复合句中主要有状语从句和宾语从句(名词性从句)两种,而定语从句(形容词性从句)要在高中讲述,为了使同学阅读文章方便,我们将在下面另一章予以介绍。我们首先来看宾语从句。
① 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语,如:Iknewtheman,而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语,如:Iknewthathewasagoodman?这时宾语从句的连接词有that,(that只在从句中起联接作用,不在句中充当语法成分,既不是主语也不是宾语,所以在口语中常常被省略。如:Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam?
②if,whether它们在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不起语法作用,当作是否讲。从句中有ornot结构时,要用whether,如:Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunch?Iaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot? 
③ what它在宾语从句中除了作连接词外,还要作主语或宾语成份,如:Idontunderstandwhatyousaid?(what作said的宾语)。又如:Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在宾语从句中作主语)。
④ who,它也和what一样,在句中除作连接词外,可以充当句中的成份,如:Iknowwhosheislookingfor?
⑤ whose如:Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?
⑥ which如:Doyouknowwhichbookismine??
在连接词中还有4个常用的连接副词,
① how它的应用最广,如:howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如:Howmuchdoesitcost?
② when它只是连接时间状语,如:Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?
③ where它连接地点状语,如:Whereareyoufrom?
④ why它要连接的是原因状语从句,如:TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidntcometoschool.
在考试中常见到的考点是:?宾语从句的时态与主句时态的呼应问题。
① 主句谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态可以是任何所需要的时态,如:Iknowhedidntcome.我知道他没来。Iknowhewillcometomorrow?我知道他明天来。IknowhehasgonetoLondon?我知道他已去伦敦了。 
② 主句中的谓语动词若是过去时,宾语从句也要用过去时态中的某一种。比如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。除了在表达宇宙中的客观真理时,不能用现在时态。如:Iwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcome?Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun??状语从句主要有时间状语从句,其连接词有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by?
其中较难掌握的有以下几点:?
① until(till)直到,在用until表达时间状语的句子中,主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词,则要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback??
② 由?since,for,by,before来引导的时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990?而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm?而before则多用于完成时,ago则多用于一般过去时,如:Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterday?Ileftmyhometowntwoyearsago?
③ 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,如:Ifitrains,theywontgotothepark onSunday?也可以主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去进行时,如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?考试中常见的考点有:要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句,因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态,如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow?在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow?
在原因状语从句中主要是
① because,应译为"因为"。它表达的因果关系最强,如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard?
② since应译为"既然",如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday?Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk?
③ as应译为"由于",如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming?since与as所表达的因果关系远比because弱得多。而for表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege??在比较状语从句中有同级比较as…as,如:Thisbookisasgoodasthatone?
要注意的有两点:
① as…as中间要用原级而不是比较级。
② 用形容词还是副词,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom?而其否定句为notas(so)…as,如:Theydidntworksohardaswedid,而不同级比较用比较级加than,如:HeisyoungerthanIam?
要注意的是表示"越来越"这一概念时有两个句型:
① 比较级+and+比较级,如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger?Thelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful?
② 定冠词the+比较级+the+比较级,如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn??方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。as作为连词其后接从句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit?但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI?而like是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如:Pleasedoitlikeme?
结果和目的状语从句主要有so…that,sothat,inorderthat等几种用法。
① so…that?用在单数可数名词前,so+形容词+a+名词+that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher?或用such+a+形容词+名词+that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher?
② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic?又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame. 
③ 在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyit?
④ so…that之间只有形容词时,则不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy
⑤ sothat其后接从句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus???
(二) 正误辨析?
[误]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago??
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份,如:book作了of的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。?
[误]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou??
[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou??
[析]不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。?
[误]Whathesaidareright??
[正]Whathesaidisright??
[析]从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。?
[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy??
[误]Thericharenotalwayshappy??
[析]形容词+定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如:Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports??
[误]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming??
[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming??
[析]本句应译为:校长兼作家就要来了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?则要译为:校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?这应译为:一个女孩,一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如:thehusbandandwife?夫妻二人。?
[误]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus??
[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus??
[析]由or连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人称作"就近原则"。?
[误]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom??
[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom??
[析]真正的主语是theteacher,而with短语是伴随状态,不影响主语的数。?
[误]Myglassesisbroken??
[正]Myglassesarebroken??
[误]Thispairofglassesaregood??
[正]Thispairofglassesisgood??
[误]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood??
[析]英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如:glasses眼镜,shorts短裤等。如没有量词在前时,要用复数谓语动词,但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。?
[误]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch??
[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch??
[析]Oneof结构应以one来计算主语的数。?
[误]Halfoftheworkaredone??
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone??
[误]Halfofthebooksisread??
[正]Halfofthebooksareread??
[析]在小于1的数量词作主语时,如:23,80%,0.35…+of+名词,这时主语的数应按of后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数,则谓语动词要用单数,如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。?
[误]Eachsidesarefulloftrees??
[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees??
[误]Bothsideisfulloftrees??
[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees??
[析]each,either其后都要加单数名词,而both后要加复数名词。如:each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主语时,谓语动词全部要用单数形式。
[误]Theboyseachhasanapple??
[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple??
[析]each作同位语时,不影响句子的主语。?
[误]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主语时都不能加of结构。
[误]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball??
[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball??
[析]few虽然含意上是"几乎没有",但作主语时仍要当作复数。?
[误]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred??
[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred??
[析]thenumberof意为:某某的数字是……如:thenumberofstudents学生人数,thenumberofplayers运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而anumberof与many意思相同,其后加可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass??
[误]Therestofthestudentsishere??
[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere??
[误]Therestoftheworkaredone??
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone?
[析]therestof的用法与2/3,一半,80%+of的结构一致,of后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词,为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有lotsof,alotof,plentyof。?
[误]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperarenotbad??
[正]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperisnotbad??
[析]有些以s结尾的名词要用作不可数名词,它们是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[误]TheChineseiskindandfriendly??
[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly??
[析]Chinese作为中文来讲是单数名词,但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如:oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用复数谓语动词。
[误]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段时间,一笔金钱,一段距离,都应看作单数名词。?
[误]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[析]用who提问时,习惯上用单数谓语动词,但which则要视其情况而定,如:whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如:whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[误]Whatahotweatheritis!?
[误]Howhottheweatheritis!?
[正]Whathotweatheritis!?
[正]Howhottheweatheris!?
[析]感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由what与how作句子的开始,判定是用what还是用how的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句,比如:Whatthehotweatheritis!应转换为:Itisthehotweather?那么句子的起点是单词it。再来看感叹句中it前有不可数名词weather,则只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!转为陈述句时为:Theweatherishot?这时句子的开始单词为theweather,再来看感叹句在theweather前只有形容词,所以应用how。至于是用whata还是what要看名词的具体情况而定,单数可数名词加whata其余的加用what。?
[误]Wehavetosingthis,havewe??
[误]Wehavetosingthis,haventwe?
[正]Wehavetosingthis,dontwe??
[析]在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外,有一些例外:
?Letsgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou??
Shehadtoleave,didntshe??
Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou??
Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper,isthere??
Neitherofthemareright,arethey??
Ithinkhewillcometothepartywonthe??
think后的宾语从句,与其他宾语从句不一样,在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语,其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定,如:Idontthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe?
[误]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive??
[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives??
[析]宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序,而不用疑问语序。?
[误]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-NorIhave??
[正]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-Nor(Neither)haveI??
[析]nor,neither用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so,如:Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary??
[误]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[误]Look!Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes??
[析]在there,here打头的句子中,如果主语是名词,则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。?
[误]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Idonthopeso??
[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Ihopenot??
[析]我不这样想,可用Idontthinkso?但hope的否定简答句只能用Ihopenot?这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的,如:Ithinkso.Ihopeso??
[误]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[析]It这里的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用it而不能用that,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?it在这句中是think的形式宾语。??
(三) 例题解析?
1? There___apencil?boxonthedesk.?
A.isB. areC.hasD.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定,如:Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?但却可以讲Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk??
2? Couldyoutellme___??
A? MrsKingwherelivesB? wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C? whereMrsKinglivesD? MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。?
3? Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? didheD? didnthe?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑问句要用否定句,同时came为过去时态,所以应用didnthe??
4? Itsgettingcloudy,___??
A? doesitB? doesntitC? isitD? isntit
[答案]D.?
[析]要区分s是has还是is,这里由getting得出s是is。?
5? ___keepmewaitingsolong.?
A? NotB? WontC? DontD? Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Dont+动词原形为祈始句的否定句。?
6? MrGreenhasntbeentoBeijing,___??
A? hasheB? hasntheC? didheD? didnthe
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。?
7? Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___??
A? haveyouB? haventyouC? doyouD? dontyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]这里的have是实意动词"吃",而不是助动词。?
8? ___sunnyday!Letsgooutforawalk.?
A? HowaB? HowC? WhataD? What
[答案]C.?
[析]这个感叹句是个省略句,其真实的句子应为Whatasunnydayitis!?
9? -Canyoutellme___??-Sure?Shesanurse??
A? whereisyoursisterB? whereyoursisteris?
C? whatisyoursisterD? whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who问的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith?或Heismyfather?What问的是职业,如:Whatishe?Heisateacher??
10? Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? doesntJohnD? doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]当名词作主语时,反意疑问句应用代词。?
11? NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A? areB? wereC? amD? is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作连接词作主语时,其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
12? ___deliciousfood!Idlikesomemore.?
A? whataB? HowaC? WhatD? How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food为不可数名词。?
13? ___thereacatunderthechair??
A? AreB? IsC? HasD? Have
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的疑问句。?
14? Couldyoutellme___??
A? whenthetrainwillarriveB? whenthetrainarrived?
C? whendidthetrainarriveD? whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉,并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。?
15? -___badweather!?
-Yes,Butitsgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink??
A? HowB? WhataC? WhatanD? What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather为不可数名词。?
16? -Couldyoutellme___??
-Yes,They___tothelibrary??
A? wherearethetwins,havebeen
B? wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C? wherethetwinsare,havegone
D? wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去过什么地方,而现在回来了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人现在不在这里。?
17? Goand___theTVquickly?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A? turnoffB? turndownC? turnupD? turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]这是个祈使句,它由and连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。
18? Letsgoforsometea,___??
A? shallweB? willweC? doweD? dontwe
[答案]A.?
[析]Letsgo…,shallwe?Letusgo…,willyou?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。
19? Joansshort,___??
A? wasntsheB? hasntsheC? isntsheD? doesntshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中应视s为is,而不是has或was。?
20? Idontknow___toreadtheword.?
A? whichB? whatC? whoseD? how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物动词,已有自己的宾语theword,所以应用疑问副词how。?
21? Hedidntgotoschool,___hewasill.?
A? forB? butC? andD? so
[答案]A.?
[析]这里是表示因果的关系,从句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一个逗号。so引起的是结果状语从句,如:Hewasonlytwelve,sohecouldntjointhearmy??
22? Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike,___she??
A? doesntB? doesC? cantD? can
[答案]D.?
[析]hardly为否定词,所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。?
23? TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? isntheD? ishe
[答案]A.?
[析]never也是否定词,所以应将句子看作否定句。?
24? Mothersaidtohim,"Dont___onfootball."?
A? spendtoomuchtimeB? tospendtoomuchtime?
C? spendtoomanytimeD? tospendtoomanytime
[答案]A.?
[析]time作为"时间"讲为不可数名词,应用much来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词,如threetimes三次,而Dont…这一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? MrWhite,togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends,___visitourschoolthisafternoon.?
A? aregoingtoB? isgoingtoC? haveD? has
[答案]B.?
[析]句子的主语是Mr?White,而togetherwith…是伴随状况,不影响句子的主语。?
26? Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___??
A? isitB? isthereC? isntitD? isntthere
[答案]B.?
[析]这是therebe句型的反意疑问句。?
27? Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem,___??
A? didntheB? wasntheC? didheD? ishe
[答案]B.?
[析]这是进行时态的反意疑问句。?
28? Shehadagoodtimeyesterday,___she??
A? wasntB? didntC? hasntD? isnt
[答案]B.?
[析]had这里是实意动词而不是助动词。?
29? Wellmake___foryouinthefrontofthecar.?
A? aroomB? roomC? roomsD? somerooms
[答案]B.?
[析]room此处为不可数名词,意为"地方,空间"。?
30? NeithershenorI___totheGreatwallbefore.?
A? hasgoneB? havegoneC? havebeenD? hasbeen
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?
31? Helpmecollectthesebooks,___??
A? areyouB? willyouC? doyouD? shallyou
[答案]B.?
[析]祈使句的反意疑问句应用willyou,而Letsgo例外,其反意疑问句为shallwe?
32? Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses
___changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.?
A? dontB? doesntC? isntD? didnt
[答案]B.?
[析]thenumberof为"……的数量、数目",所以谓语动词用单数形式。而anumberof要加复数名词,其谓语动词也用复数。?
33? Sheshadbreakfast,___??
A? issheB? isntsheC? hasntsheD? hasshe?
[答案]C.?
[析]这里的s应视为has??
34? Iwonder___.?
A? whosebicycleisitB? itiswhosebicycle?
C? isitwhosebicycleD? whosebicycleitis
[答案]D.?
[析]wonder后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。?
35? Itisgoodforus___morningexercises.?
A? doB? todoC? didD? done
[答案]B.?
[析]这里的it是形式主语,而真正的主语是不定式todo…?
36? Peterhassportsveryoften,___??
A? does,PeterB? doesntheC? doesntPeterD? doeshe?
[答案]B.?
[析]has这里是实意动词,而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。
37? Mr?Blacksaid,"Jenny,dontbelatetomorrow?"?
Mr?BlacktoldJenny___.?
A? dontbelatetomorrowB? didntbelatetomorrow?
C? notbelatenextmorningD? nottobelatethenextday
[答案]D.?
[析]tell一般要加双宾语,其间接宾语是Jenny,直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny,___??
A? doessheB? didntsheC? didsheD? wasntshe
[答案]B.?
[析]read这里是过去时态,因其主语是第三人称单数,而read并未加s所以是过去时态。(read的过去时与过去分词都是read,只不过读音不同)?

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