Unit2Travelling
一、教学内容:
Unit2Travelling
Grammar
二、教学目标:
掌握Unit2的词法结构和用法:
1.so…that/such…that/enoughto/too…to…
2.have/hasbeenin,have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto
3.延续性与短暂性动词
经典讲解
Grammar1:so…that/such…that/enoughto/too…to…
解释:如此……以至于……
so+adj./adv.+that从句或such+单/复数名词+that从句
例:
It’ssohotinsummerthatwecan’tdowithouttheairconditioner.
夏天的天气热的我们少不了空调。
TheteacherspokesofastthatIcouldn’tunderstandwhathewassaying.
老师讲得太快以致于我听不懂他在说什么。
Heissuchageniusthathedoesn’thavetostudymuchforexams.
他是个天才,所以他考试都不用怎么念书。
Theyaresuchgoodbasketballplayersthateverybodywantstowatchtheirgames.
他们个个都是很棒的篮球员,所以每个人都想去看他们打球。
表示:足以做某事enoughto…如:Heisoldenoughtodoit.
意思是太……而不能too...to…例:Heistooyoungtogotoschool.
中考链接
so…that,too…to和enoughto都是初中英语教材中的重要结构,在一定条件下它们可以相互转换,并经常成为中考考查的热点之一。先请看下面两道中考试题:
1.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Heis____________________that____________________gotoschool.
2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn’ttakecareofherbaby.
Shewas__________weak__________takecareofherbaby.
(答案:1.soold;hecan2.too;to)
那么在什么情况下三者可以相互转换呢?
(一)so…that与too…to的转换
当that引导的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时,so…that可转换为too…to结构;若从句主语与主句的主语不相同时,so…that可转换为too…forsb.to结构。例如:
Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.=Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.
(二)so…that与enoughto的转换
1.当that引导的从句为肯定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsb.to结构。例如:
XiaoLinissooldthathecangotoschool.=XiaoLinisoldenoughtogotoschool.
Theboxissolightthathecancarryit.=Theboxislightenoughforhimtocarry.
2.当that引导的从句为否定式时,若从句主语与主句主语相同时,so…that可转换为enoughto的否定结构;若从句主语与主句主语不相同时,so…that可转换为enoughforsb.to的否定结构。同时要注意,转换后的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Themanissooldthathecan’tgotowork.=Themanisn’tyoungenoughtogotowork.
ThedeskissoheavythatIcan’tmoveit.=Thedeskisn’tlightenoughformetomove.
(三)enoughto的句式为否定式时,enoughto可以转换为too…to结构。
转换后的too…to结构中的形容词(副词)要用其相应的反义词。例如:
Heisnotoldenoughtodothework.=Heistooyoungtodothework.
Theproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.=Theproblemisn’teasyenoughformetoworkout.
一、改写同义句。
1.Thebookisinterestingenoughforeverybodytoread.
Thebookis____interesting____everybodylikestoreadit.
2.Theboyissoshortthathecan’treachthebuttonsofthelift.
Theboyis____short________thebuttonsofthelift.
Theboyisn’t_________________thebuttonsofthelift.
3.Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.
Heis_____young______hecan’tgotoschool.
Heis_____old_____togotoschool.
Heis_____young_____gotoschool.
4.Heissooldthathecangooutalone.
Heis___________________gooutalone.
5.Mr.Wuissopatientthathespendsmuchtimeexplainingthingstous.
Mr.Wuis_____________________spendmuchtimeexplainingthingstous.
6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan’tgothroughthehole.
Thepandais________________gothroughthehole.
1.so;that
2.too;toreach;tallenoughtoreach
3.so;that/not;enough/too;to
4.oldenoughto
5.patientenoughto
6.toofatto
二、翻译句子。
1.这本书太难,我读不懂。
2.他太累,不能再走了。
3.他跑得太快了,没有人能赶上他。
4.雨下得很大,我们出不去。
5.那天很忙,我们没有去买东西。
6.他太小了,不能去上学。
7.我说得太快了,他们不能明白我的话。
8.这个女孩到上学的年龄了。
9.这道题很简单,我们能够回答它。
10.这个房间太小,不能容纳200人。
11.这个箱子太重,我们搬不动。
1.ThisbookissodifficultthatIcan’treadit.
2.Hefeltsotiredthathecouldn’twalkanylonger.
3.Heransofastthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.
4.Itrainedsoheavilythatwecouldn’tgoout.
5.Itwassobusyadaythatwedidn’tgoshopping.
6.Hewassoyoungthathecouldn’tgotoschool.=Hewastooyoungtogotoschool.
7.Ispokesoquicklythattheycouldn’tunderstandme.=Ispoketooquicklyforthemtounderstand.
8.Thegirlissooldthatshecangotoschool.=Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.
9.Thequestionissoeasythatwecananswerit.=Thequestioniseasyenoughforustoanswer.
10.Theroomissosmallthatitcan’thold200people.=Theroomistoosmalltohold200people.=Theroomisn’tbigenoughtohold200people.
11.Theboxissoheavythatwecan’tcarryit.=Theboxistooheavyforustocarry.=Theboxisn’tlightenoughforustocarry.
Grammar2:havebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin的区别
havebeenin,havebeento,havegoneto
这三个短语都有“到某地去”的意思,但含义和用法各不相同。
havebeenin强调“过去曾去过”之意,表示经验;
havebeento的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”,它强调“最近的经历”;
havegoneto表示“动作的完成”,强调人已离开说话的地方。
通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的含义:
(1)TheyhavebeeninChicago.
(2)TheyhavebeentoChicago.
(3)TheyhavegonetoChicago.
(1)句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等。
(2)句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了”。此语强调的是往返的经历。
(3)句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”,此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中”,它强调“去”的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点。
1.havebeenin用例:
Howlonghaveyoubeeninclasstoday?今天你在班里呆了多长时间?
TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoweeks.他们在北京已经有两个星期了。
Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在这个城市呆了多久?
2.havebeento用例:
HehasbeentoParisthreetimes.他去过巴黎三次。
Theyhavebeentothezoo.他们到动物园去了。
Thechildrenhavegonetoplayinthepark.孩子们到公园玩耍去。
3.havegoneto用例:
HehasgonetoParis.他去巴黎了。
Everyonehasgonehome.大家都回家去了。
Hehasgonetoseeheruncle.他去看他叔叔了。
Shehasgonetothecinemawithherboyfriend.她与男朋友看电影去了。
注意:遇到四个地点副词时要去掉to,这四个地点副词是:here,there,home,abroad
一、用have/hasbeento;have/hasbeenin;have/hasgoneto填空
1)Where’sJim?—hehas_____Guiling.
2)Shehas_____thepark,shewillbebackintwohours.
3)Ihave_____theWestlake,Look,Ihavetakenmanyphotosonit.
4)Tomhas_____toJim’shome,buthehasn’tcomeback.
5)Theyhave_____Beijingforthreemonths.
6)TheWhiteshave_____theU.S.A,Theywon’tcomeback.
7)Wehave____thebookshopandboughtmanybooks.
8)Shehas_____herhomeland;sheiscomingtomyhomenextweek.
9)Ihave______HongKongtwice.
10)Wehave_____theMountTai,weallenjoyedourselves.
11)Ihavenever______thebeachinSonya.
12)Hemissedhismotherverymuch,sohehasalready_____hishome.
13)Theyhave_____Hangzhou,theyfounditveryinteresting.
14)Tomhas______totheW.C,soIhavetowaitforhim.
15)Howmanytimeshaveyou_____toShanghai.
16)Hehasever_____herewithhiswife.
17)IliketheMountRedPark.Ihave_____thereforfivedays.
18)MayIspeaktoLily?—-Sorry,shehas______Xi’an
19)Hehasnever______toHangzhou,buthehas______Wuhanonce.
20)Ihaven’tseenhimrecently.—Oh,hehas______Fujian.
1.goneto2.goneto3.beento4.gone5.beenin
6.goneto7.beento8.goneto9.beento10.beento
11.beento12.beento13.beento14.gone15.been
16.been17.been18.goneto19.beento;beento20.goneto
二、翻译句子。
1.你曾经去过上海吗?
2.他到美国去过两次。
3.亨利到伦敦去了。
4.我的父亲去了武汉,这个星期回来。
5.他去过巴黎三次。
6.他们到动物园去了。
7.孩子们到公园玩耍去。
8.他去巴黎了。
9.他去看他叔叔了。
10.她与男朋友看电影去了。
1.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?
2.HehasbeentoAmericatwice.
3.HenryhasgonetoLondon.
4.MyfatherhasgonetoWuhan,andhe’llbebackthisweek.
HehasbeentoParisthreetimes.
5.Theyhavebeentothezoo.
6.Thechildrenhavegonetoplayinthepark.
7.HehasgonetoParis.
8.Hehasgonetoseeheruncle.
9.Shehasgonetothecinemawithherboyfriend.
Grammar3:延续性动词与终止性动词
(一)延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。
(二)延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。表示“一段时间”的短语有:fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如:IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如:Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词,而ateight表示“点时间”,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如:
—WhendidyougettoknowJack?
—Twoyearsago.
—Thenyou’veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.
—That’sright.
(三)终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。
Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:Hehasdiedforthreeyears.
正:Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.
正:Hediedthreeyearsago.
正:Itisthreeyearssincehedied.
正:Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:Hehascomehereforfivedays.
正:Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.
正:Hecameherefivedaysago.
正:Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.
正:Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold
(2)将句中表示“一段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如上面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型“Itis+一段时间+since...”表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型“时间+haspassed+since...”表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
Hehasn’tleftheresince1986.
Ihaven’theardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成“not+终止性动词+until/till...”的句型,意为“直到……才……”。如:
Youcan’tleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是“一段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveo’clock.(reach为终止性动词)
Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与howlong连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:Howlonghaveyoucomehere?
正:Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
正:Whendidyoucomehere?
7.短暂性动词的肯定句不能接一段时间。(否定句可以)
误:IhavecometoNanJingforabouttwoyears.
正:IhavebeeninNanJingforabouttwoyears.
正:Ihaven’tcometoNanJingforabouttwoyears.
便于记忆,根据词义,短暂性动词可以变成延续性动词。见表格
cometo…bein/at…
goto…bein/at…
arriveat/in…bein/at…
getto…bein/at…
reach…bein/at…
buyhave
leavebeaway(from)
leavefor…beawayfor…
diebedead
borrowkeep
begin/startbeon/last
stop/endbeover
become/get/turn(变得)be…
gotobedbeinbed
getupbeup
catchacoldhaveacold
makefriendsbefriends
gettoknowknow
getmarriedbemarried
becomeinterestedinbeinterestedin
joinbeamemberof
becomeamemberofbeamemberof
hearfromhavealetterfrom
getaletterfromhavealetterfrom
receivealetterfromhavealetterfrom
翻译句子
1.他哥哥两年前当兵去了。
2.Mr.Smith三年前死了。
3.我一个月前买了一本书。
4.约翰十年前离开了家乡。
5.他们一周前从图书馆借了五本书。
6.电影已经开始十分钟了。
1.Hisbrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Hisbrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.
Itistwoyearssincehisbrotherjoinedthearmy.
2.Mr.Smithdiedthreeyearsago.
Mr.Smithhasbeendeadforthreeyears.
ItisthreeyearssinceMr.Smithdied.
3.Iboughtabookamonthago.
Ihavehadabookforamonth.
ItisamonthsinceIboughtabook.John
4.Johnlefthishometowntenyearsago.
Johnhasbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears.
ItistenyearssinceJohnlefthishometown.
5.Theyborrowedfivebooksfromlibraryaweekago.
Theyhavekeptfivebooksforaweek.
Itisaweeksincetheyborrowedfivebooks.
6.Thefilmstartedtenminutesago.
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.
Itistenminutessincethefilmstarted.
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Unit2Travelling
一.重点单词
1.symbol:asymbolofChina;chemicalsymbols
2.include/including
Thethemeparkincludesfourdifferentparks.
Theyhavemanypets,includingthreecats.
3.fantastic:haveafantastictime=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself
4.speed:atthespeedof…,athighspeed
5.ride:(ride-rode-ridden)ridetosp/rideabicycle/rideahorse
twohours’ride,throughthewholeride
6.suchas/forexample
7.cute=lovely:lookcute
8.performer:(perform,performance,performer)
9.wave:waveourhands,wavetosb
10.march:marchacrossthegrassland,marchdownthestreet(c.f.March)
11.clapL(clapped,clapping)claphands,clapwithjoy
12.shiny:(shine)
13.excitement:(excite,excited,exciting,excitement)withexcitement
14.harm:(harmful,harmless)doharmto…beharmfulto…,
15.helpless:(help,helpful)
useless:(use,useful)hope(hopeful,hopeless)
16.delight:(delightful)toone’sdelight/joy/surprise/disappointment
17.meaning:(mean,meaning,meaningful,meaningless)
Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What’sthemeaningoftheword?
18.success:(success,successful,successfully,succeed)
bringsb.success,succeedindoingsth,besuccessfulin…
19.line:waitinaline,alineofpeople,standinaline,onMrsGreen’sclothesline
20.experience:(experienced)anexperiencedactress,beexperiencedin…
(c.f.experiment)
21.marriage:(marry,married,marriage)
22.abroad:goabroad,travelabroad
23.tie:(tie-tied-tied-tying)tieuptherobber,tie…to…
n.Yourtiematchestheshirtwell
24.cultural:(culture)culturalcentre
25.clearly:(clear)(moreclearly)stateclearly,seeclearly
26.check:n.Theworkermadeacarefulcheckofthemachine.
v.Youshouldbecheckedbeforeyougoabroad
二.重点词组
1.goonatrip2.mustbefun
3.takesb.outforafewdays4.findout
5.likevisitingdifferentplaces6.aroundtheworld
7.workinpairs/groups8.seethebeautifulview/sight
9.takephotos10.duringtheSpringFestival
11.writealettertosb.aboutsth12.asymbolofJapan
13.spendthewholedayinHongKongDisneyland
14.buysthassouvenirsforsb15.screamandlaughthroughthewholeride
16.suchas17.clapwithjoy
18.weardifferentcostumes19.marchacrossthepark
20.stoptakingphotos21.lookexcited/anexcitingtrip
22.inChinesestyle23.plantotravelabroad
24.celebratetheir15yearsofmarriage
25.adelightfulholiday/ameaningfulexperience/auselessticket
26.screamwithexcitement/joy
27.comeon28.gohiking/skiing/skating/fishing/boating
29.haveareallyfantastictime30.afamousthemepark
31.byunderground32.attheentrance
33.oneoftheattractions34.moveathighspeed
35.myfavouriteDisneycharacterssuchas…..
36.can’tstopdoingsth37.laterintheafternoon
38.wavetopeople39.alltheway
40.belikemagic41.watchfireworks
42.lookshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks
43.inall44.showsthtosb
45.waitintheline46.lookgreatinthephotos
47.haveanideaaboutwhattodoforMayDayholiday
48.plantotravelabroad49.check…forsb
50.pleasantweather51.haveabird’s-eyeviewof…
52.theculturalcentreof…53.agoodplacetobuythings
三.重点句型
1.Itmustbefun.CanIjoinyou?
2.It’safamousthemeparkandincludesfourdifferentparks-MainStreetUSA,Tomorrowland,FantasylandandAdventureland.
3.Thechildrenclappedandscreamedwithjoywhentheysawtheirfavouritecharacters
4.Itmovedathighspeedandwewerescreamingandlaughingthroughthewholeride.
5.Icouldn’tstoptakingphotoswiththembecausetheyalllookedsoniceandcute.
6.ThelineofpeopleoutsideSpaceMountainwasendless.
7.DoyoumeantheywillcelebratetheirfifteenyearsofmarriagethisSunday?
8.Attheendoftheday,wewatchedfireworksinfrontofSleepingBeautyCastle.
9.Wethoughtitwashopelesstowaitintheline.
10.Sorry,Idon’tknow,butIcancheckitforyouwhenItalkwithmydad.
11.TheweatherinHongKongwasquitedifferentfromthatinBeijing.
12.Itwasreallywonderfultohaveabird’s-eyeviewofHongKong–amoderncityoftallbuildingswithlightsshiningintheevening.
13.TheTvprogrammehasbeenonforhalfanhour.
14.DoyouhaveanyideasaboutwhattodoforMayDayholiday?
15.Itwasfuntoseesomanyelephantsmarchingdownthestreet
16.IhopeIcanvisitthereagainsomeday.
四.语法知识
1.havebeento/havegoneto
(1)havebeento意思是“去过某地”,表示曾经去过某地,现在已经回来或到其他地方,目前人已不在那里。
----Wherehaveyoubeen?
----Ihavebeentothezoo.
(2)havegoneto意思是去了某地,表示人正在那里或已在去那里的路途中。
---Wherehasyourmothergone?
---Shehasgonetotheshop.
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时,都表示发生在过去的动作,但现在完成时强调与现在的联系,而一般过去时与现在无关。因此含有特指过去某个时间的状语只能用一般过去时,而不用现在完成时。
Ihavedonemywork,Ineedtohavearestnow.
Ifinishedmyworkjustnow.
Ihavewrittensomebooks.
3.for,sinceago的区别
(1)for可以用来表示一段时间。For+一段时间,用在完成时的句子中,表示动作延续到说话的那个时刻。试比较:
Istayedtherefortwoweeks(现在不在那里了)
Ihavestayedherefortwoweeks.(现在还在这里)
(2)since意思为“自从”,可跟一个时间点或时间状语从句,表示一段时间。
Ihavelivedheresince1986
Theyhavelearnedabout100ChinesesongssincetheycametoChina.
(3)ago用于一般过去时,用瞬间性动词
Iboughtthisdictionarythreeyearsago
句型转换Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears./sincethreeyearsago
ItisthreeyearssinceIboughtthisdictionary
ThreeyearshaspassedsinceIboughtthisdictionary
五.书面表达
根据以下提示,写一篇短文
1.旅游是一种非常好的活动。当你工作累了,有空的时候,可以出去欣赏大自然,可以呼吸新鲜空气,可以交友,这些都有益健康。
2.旅游有时很麻烦,天气多变,小偷偷钱也是常事。
3.旅游时应作好充分准备,并需要了解天气状况。旅游时最好能跟朋友一起,可以相互照顾。旅游时还应多加小心,不要出事故。
六.Homework
1.梳理Unit2的知识点
2.完成《中考作业本》8Bunit2的练习
3.复习8Bunit3词汇,课文,语法及写作
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