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高考英语阅读猜词

老师在新授课程时,一般会准备教案课件,大家在用心的考虑自己的教案课件。写好教案课件工作计划,才能使接下来的工作更加有序!你们清楚有哪些教案课件范文呢?下面是小编为大家整理的“高考英语阅读猜词”,希望能为您提供更多的参考。

高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义

猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型,通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是直接考查语义猜测的.这种题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查大家对语境的分析和把握能力。如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力,那么对于降低生词率,排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助。因此,今天我们来谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。常见的设问方式:1.Theunderlinedword“…”probablymeans____.2.Theword“…”usedinparagraph“…”refersto/suggests____.3.Thephrase“…”inthesentencecanbereplacedby____.4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheword“…”?5.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinparagraph“…”?6.Bysaying“…”,wemean_____.7.Whatdoyouthinkoftheexpression“…”standsfor?8.Themeaningofword“…”inthepassageisrelatedto_____.猜词规律探寻:一.过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后,作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。(1)定义句的谓语动词在文中多为:be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define(下定义),represent,signify(表示,表明),constitute(指。。)等。(2)解释则常用asyouknow,tobecalled,tomean,toreferto,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,namely等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。(3)有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义,而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。(4)还有下一些标点符号,如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg.1.Thepowerfulpoisonwasimperceptiblewhenmixedinliquid,thatis,itcouldnotbetasted,seen,orsmelled.2.TheGreekmarriagewasmonogamous-----menandwomenwereallowedonlyonespouse(配偶)atatime.

Exercises:1.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.3.Wewillmeetyouinthefoyer,theentrancehallofthetheatre.4.Hebegantoshavehiswhiskers,whichhadgrownthickonbothcheeks5.Somecomputerscientistsaredevelopingartificial-intelligencemachinesthattheysaywillthinklikepeople.

Test1ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s.ButadrugcalledARICEPThasbeenusedbymillionsofpeopletohelptheirsymptoms(症状).(NMET2004湖北卷B篇)61.WhatisARICEPT?A、AmedicinetocureAlzheimer’s.B、Amedicinetodelaysignsofaging.C、AmedicinetoreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer’s.D、Amedicinetocurebraindamage.

Test2HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboarandreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(2004福建卷E篇)(1)Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa______.A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood二.利用例证猜测语义某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点,常会举一些例子,而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号来引出,如:括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如forexample,forinstance,suchas,andsoon,justas,like,similarity等连接词或词组。eg.1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:Nature,NewsWeek,TimesandThelistener.2.Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometricformslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.Exercises:1.Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweaponsandwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads.2.Applyanantiseptic,suchasalcohol,ontheskin.3.InthecornertheremaybeaChristmastreewithitsbranchesdecoratedwithshiningornamentssuchascoloredlightsandglassballs,andsometimeshungwithgifts.

TestThelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentaloffersawidevarietyofchoices–---deluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches,Santanasedansarethebigfavorite.(NMET2001全国A篇)56Thewords“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextrefersto_______.A、carsinthemakingB、carrentalfirmsC、carsforrentD、carmakers三.利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义(1)利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词,或者表转折意义的连词,词组等,抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。标志词有although,but,however,whereas(反之),nevertheless(然而,不过),onthecontrary,incontrast(相对),ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,instead(of),ratherthan等。(2)利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下,英语忌讳实词重复。避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。标志词有:or,like,similarly等。eg.1.104studies,involving15,000peopleisprovingthatoptimism(乐观主义)canhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.Exercises:1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.2.UnliketheUnitedStates,wheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.3.Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges.4.Herepliedquickly.Butafterheconsideredtheproblemmorecarefully,heregrettedhavingmadesuchahastydecision.5.Althoughpeopleinmanycountriesconsiderrawmeatadelicacy(美味),weChinesepeopleseldomeatanymeatthatisuncooked.

Test1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknewthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagonyofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.(2004江苏卷E篇)(1)Theunderlinedword“agony”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.formB.conditionC.painD.sadness

Test2Thehot-airballoontookoff.Itwasbuoyantintheairasacork(软木塞)inwater.(2)Theword“buoyant”inthissentencemostprobablymeans______.A.abletobeusedB.abletomovefromoneplacetoanotherC.abletofloatorrisetothesurfaceD.abletocarryanything四.用语境猜测语义(1)利用“小”上下文推测词义,即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。如:Iamaresoluteman.OnceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveupeasily.(2)利用“大”上下文推测词义,即利用距离生词较远的内容,如整个段落、篇章等来推断生词词义。

eg.Zipwasstoppedduringthewarandonlyafterthewardiditbecomepopular.Whatadifferenceithasmadetoourlives!Itkeepspeopleathomemuchmore.Ithasmadetheremotepartsoftheworldmorerealtous.Photographsshowacountry,butonlyzipmakesfeelthataforeigncountryisreal.Alsowecanseescenesinthestreet.Bigoccasionsarezipped,suchasthecoronation(加冕典礼)in1953andtheopeningofParliament.Perhapsthesufferersfromziparethenotablepeople,who,astheystepoutofanairplane,havetofacethebatteryofzipcamerasandknowthateverymovement,everygesturewillbeseenbya“zippersonality”.PerhapswecansympathizewhenMembersofParliamentsaythattheydonotwantdebatestobezipped.

Exercises:

1.WhenIgottothetheatre,Iwasrelievedtoseethatnobodywaswaitinginline.IwasthefirsttogetthereandsurethatIcouldgettheticketwithoutanyproblem.

Question:Theunderlinedword“relieved”inthepassagemaybestbereplaceby_____.

A.surprisedB.pleasedC.producedD.sold

2.Appletreesmaynotgrowastallastwelvemetres.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.

Question:Theunderlinedword“yielded”inthelastsentencemeans_____.

A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold

Test

Thesedaysagreenbuildingmeansmorethanjustthecolorofthepaint.Greenbuildingcanalsorefertoenvironmentallyfriendlyhouses,factories,andoffices.

Greenbuildingmeans,“reducingtheimpactofthebuildingontheland”,TarynHolowkaoftheU.S.GreenbuildingcouncilinWashington,D.C.said.

61.Inthesecondparagraph,theunderlinedphrase“thebuilding”mostprobablyrefersto___.

A.anordinarybuildingB.anenergy-savingbuilding

C.agreen-coloredbuildingD.abuildinginWashington,D.C.

五.利用构词法猜测语义

掌握前后缀规律,如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词;后缀-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness等可改换词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上,结合上下文把握两词之间的关系,猜测词义;而对词义的转化,也要求结合上下文来猜测。

eg.1.Carrentalsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroad

2.“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings…”

3.Impressionismisaformofartwhichbeganinthe1870s.Whenyoulookcloselyatanimpressionistpainting,youseelittledotsofdifferentcoloredpaints.Whenyoumoveawayfromthepicture,thedotsofcolorsblendsandthepaintinglooklikeithaslightplayingonthepeopleandobjectsinthepicture.

TestWithoutexaminations,employerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothem?Aformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.(2004上海试C篇)(3)Theword“favoritism”inparagraph3isusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_____.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificationtogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithcertificationarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess六.因果关系猜测词义常见的因果信号词有:asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,since,consequently,sothat,so/such…that等。eg.Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastolong.Exercises:1.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.2.Hedidn’thearmyknockingatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinTV.3.Itrained,sothefootballmatchwaspostponed.4.Theyoungmanwassobashfulthathedidn’tspeaktotheprettygirl.七.利用文化背景、生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力,结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识,根据上下文能读懂的部分,可以下正确猜出语义。eg.1.Birdsflywiththeirwings,andtheypickuptheirfoodsandtheneatthemwiththeirbeaksandtheyusetheirclawsfortearing,seizing,pullingorholdingobjects.2.Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.Exercises:1.Thedrivertriedtoaverttheaccidentbybringingthecartoasuddenstop.2.Ifamanfeelsverycold,healwayshuddleshimselfup.3.WhatcouldJohnexpect?Hehadlefthiswetswimmingtrunks(游泳裤)inthedarkclosetforoveraweek.Ofcoursetheyhadbeguntomildew.4.Afishbreathesinwaterwithgills.

Test1Markgotonthemotorbike,Isatbehindhimonthepillion,andweroaredoffintothenight.(1)Theword“pillion”inthissentenceprobablymeans______.A.anobjectusedforsleepingB.abayonwhichoncanrestC.aseatforsecondpersononamotorcycleD.aplaceforsitting

Test2OneofBritain’sbravestwomantoldyesterdayhowshehelpedtocatchsuspectedpoliceKillerDavidBieberandwasthankedwithflowersbythepolice.Itwasalsosaidshecouldbeinlineforashareofupto£30,000rewardmoney.(2)Theunderlinedphrase“beinlinefor”inparagraph1means____.A.getB.bepaidC.askforD.own八.熟词生义猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况:(1)该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思;(2)考查一些代词的指代现象;(3)新词在新的语境中变换了词性。eg.1.Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees,whocanaffordthenewservice.2.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?3.Manypeopleworktokeepanimalsfrombeingkilled.Somepeoplehelpanimalsaspartoftheirjob,othersdoitjustbecausetheylikeanimals.Question:Inthisparagraph,theword“their”refersto_____.A.somepeopleB.someanimalsC.manypeopleD.manyanimals4.Timeflieslikeanarrow,fruitflieslikeabanana.思考:延伸到完形填空Thingswereverybadthatparticularwinter.Thenalettercamefromwherehersewingmachinewasbrought,announcingthattheywouldhavetopickuphermachinethenextdayunlesspaymentswerebroughtuptodate.IrememberthatwhenshereadtheletterIbecamefrightened.Icould__41__usstarvinggodeathandallsortsofthingsthatcouldcometochild’smind.41.A.supposeB.pictureC.standD.regret附录:熟词有新义1.firevt.解雇2.finevt.罚款3.falln.秋天4.windvt.使弯曲前进或迂回、蜿蜒5.layvt.下蛋、产卵6.springn.泉水、弹簧、弹力;vt.跳跃7.minen.矿山;vt.开采(矿物)8.cann.罐头9.bearvt.忍受10.standvt.忍受课后思考还有哪些熟词生义的例子:高考实战训练:

2003北京春招B篇Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Yourbedroomdrawerswillbefilledwithalmostthreetimesasmanyclothesasyouneed.Youalmostcertainlyownacarandpossiblyahomecomputer,holidayabroadatleastonceayearandeatoutatleastonceaweek.

Now,perhaps,morethaneverbefore,peoplearewonderingwhatlifeisallabout,andwhatitisfor.Seekingmaterialsuccessisbeginningtotroublelargenumbersofpeoplearoundtheworld.Theyfeelthatthelong-hoursworkculturetomakemoremoneytobuymorethingsiseatinguptheirlives,leavingthemverylittletimeorenergyforfamilyorpastimes.Manyareturningtootherwaysoflivinganddownshiftingisoneofthem.

SixpercentofworkersinBritaintookthedecisiontodownshiftlastyear.OnecouplewhodownshiftedisDanielandLiz.TheyusedtoworkincentralLondon.Hewasanewspaperreporterandsheusedtoworkforaninternationalbank.Theywouldgotoworkbytraineverydayfromtheirlargehouseinthesuburbs(郊区),leavingtheirtwochildrenwithananny(保姆).MosteveningsDanielwouldn’tgethomeuntileightornineo’clock,andnearlytwiceamonthhewouldhavetoflytoNewYorkformeetings.Theybothearnedalargeamountofmoneybutbegantofeelthatlifewaspassingthemby.

Nowadays,theyrunafarminthemountainsofWales.“Ialwayswantedtohaveafarmhere,”saysDaniel,“andwetookalmostayeartomakethedecisiontodownshift.It’stakensomegettingusedto,butit’sbeenworthit.Wehavetothinktwicenowaboutspendingmoneyoncarrepairsandwenolongerhaveanyholidays.However,Ithinkit’smadeusstrongerasafamily,andthechildrenarealothappier.”

Liz,however,isnotquitesure.“Iusedtoenjoymyjob,eventhoughitwashardworkandlonghours.I’mnotreallyacountrygirl,butIsupposeI’mgraduallygettingusedtolookingaftertheanimals.OnethingIdolike,though,isbeingabletoseemoreofmychildren.Myadviceforotherpeoplewantingtodothesameisnottothinkaboutittoomuchoryoumightnotdoitatall.”

63.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Child-caring.B.Liz’sadvice.

C.DownshiftingD.Liz’sjob.

64.Theunderlinedword“downshifting”inthesecondparagraphmeans_____.

A.repairingyourcarbyyourself

B.spendingmoneycarefully

C.movingouttothecountrysidetoliveasimplerandbetterlife

D.livinginabighouseinthesuburbsanddiningoutonceawee

小结:生词不可怕,只要方法得当,不是不可攻克。方法多,但不可孤立,要综合应用,做到优化解题。我的收获:我的思考:思考:从2和4中的高考例题中我们可以得出:(关注社会知识性的文章,以丰富我们的社会阅历,社会知识,以助我们解题。)

相关知识

高考英语阅读理解


高考英语易错题解题方法大全:阅读理解

EdwardWilsonisAmerica’s,ifnottheworld’s,leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife,hetakesusonatouroftheworld’snaturalresources(资源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多样性)ofourearth.
Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(环境)protectionHenryDavidThoreau.Hecomparestoday’sWaldenPondwiththatofThoreau’sday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclean:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Cantheearth,withhumanhelp,bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?
Biodiversity,Wilsonargues,isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物种)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.
Attheendofthebook,Wilsondiscussestheimportanceofhumanvaluesinconsideringtheenvironment.Ifyouaretocontinuetoliveontheearth,youmaywellreadandactontheideas.
72.WelearnfromthetextthatWilsoncaresmostabout.
A.theenvironmentforplants
B.thebiodiversityofourearth
C.thewasteofnaturalresources
D.theimportanceofhumanvalues
73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?
A.Twenty.B.EightyC.Onehundred.D.Tenthousand.
74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto.
A.learnhowtofarmscientifically
B.buildhomesforsomedyingspecies
C.makeitclearwhattoeat
D.usemorespeciesforfood
75.Wecaninferthatthetextis.
A.adescriptionofnaturalresourcesB.aresearchreport
C.abookreviewD.anintroductiontoascientist
参考答案及解析
72.典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点,以次代主,以点代面.
 本题属于判断推理题.这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实基础上,领悟作者的弦外之意,得出符合作者意愿的结论,即作者没有在文章中明说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够,还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.
本题的正确选项为B.
73.典型错误D.错因分析是学生审题不细.
 本题是细节理解题.学生们在做此类试题时,可以采用查读法,即带着问题寻找答案,同时要注意审题.
本题的正确选项为A.
74.典型错误A.错因分析信息错位,释意不清.
 本题是细节理解题.属于间接辨认题,要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义,并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话.
本题的正确选项为D.
75.典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住,以点代面.
 本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的TheFutureofLife一书的基本内容,然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根据文章最后一段,由此可以判断出本题选C项.
本题的正确选项为C.

WANGHaoandWangLiqin,twoofChinastoptabletennisplayers,bothsawtheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsasachancetoprovethemselves.Buttherewasonlyonechampion(冠军)andWangHao,25,wonitlastTuesdayinYokohama,Japan.
WangHao,whowonthemensdoublestitlewithChenQilastMonday,playedwithspirittobeatWangLiqin11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.
WangHaosaiditwashismentaltoughness(心理稳定)thatmadethedifference."IwasdisappointedbymyperformancesinpastchampionshipsandthelasttwoOlympicGames.ButIhavetriedtopullmyselftogetherandpreparedwell.Thisistheresult."
WangHaosaidhehasalwaysunderstoodtheimportanceofphysicaltrainingandtechnicalskills.Nowheknowstheneedformentalpreparationaswell.HavingtwoOlympicsilvershadlefthimfeelingbitter(痛苦的).Thebitternessperhapsexplainswhyhehasnotalwaysplayedathisbestinthepast.
"Ivecometounderstandthatyoucanlearnimportantlessonsfromfailure,"hesaid."Losingcanbuildyourcharacterandmakeyouastrongerplayer."Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.
LiuGuoliang,headcoachofChinastabletennisteam,sangthepraisesofWangHaosvictory."Thisisjustthebeginningofhisrise,"saidLiu."Itstheconfidence-boosterheneedstomakefurtherprogress."
1.Accordingtothepassage,WangHaowon_____goldmedalsintheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsinYokohama,Japan.
A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.four
2.FromWangHao,wecanknowthemainreasonforhisbeatingWangLiqinis______.
A.histechnicalskillsB.hisphysicaltraining
C.hismentaltoughnessD.hispastexperience
3.WhatisthenextgoalofWangHao?
A.Towinthetitleofthechampionatthe2012Olympics
B.TobeatWangLiqinagain
C.Toprovehimselfinthefuturecompetitions
D.Towinmoregoldsinfuture
4.WhatcanwelearnfromWangHao?
A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
B.Nevergiveupuntilyousucceed.
C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
D.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.
参考答案及解析:
1.典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章,以点代面了。
细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。
本题的正确选项为B.
2.典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点,审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择,一定要理解题干,并防止以次代主。
本题的正确选项为C。
3.典型错误D.错因分析审题不清,D项也许是WangHao的远期目标,但是题干是thenextgoal。
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.”可知。注意审题。
本题的正确选项为A。
4.典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章,根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。
本题的正确选项为A。


DearHamilton,
Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high-pressureofficeweallgetalongsowell.Youareoneofthepeoplewhokeepthesocialtemperatureatsuchacomfortablesetting.Idon’tknowanyoneintheofficewhoisbetterlikedthanyou.
Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributionstowardsgiftsforemployees’personal-lifeeventsisbecomingalittletroubling.Certainly,thegroupsendingofagiftisreasonablenowandthen.Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral(葬礼)remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.
It’snotonlythecollected-fromwhoaregrowinguncomfortable(andpoor),butthecollected-forfeeluneasyreceivinggiftsfrompeoplewhodon’tknowthemoutsidetheoffice,whowouldn’tevenrecognizetheirgraduatingchildren,theirmarryingdaughtersandsons,ortheirdeadrelatives.
Thisisbasicallyakindgesture(andonethatpeoplethinkwellofyoufor),butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.
Thankyouforunderstanding.
63.Theunderlinedword“contributions”probablymeans________.
A.moneyB.suggestionsC.reportsD.understanding
64.Hamiltonisexpectedto_______.
A.showmorekindness.
B.discontinuethepresentpractice
C.quitbeingtheorganizerforgiftgiving
D.knowmoreaboutco-workers’families
65.Thisisbasicallyaletterof________.
A.apologyB.sympathyC.appreciationD.dissatisfaction
参考答案
63.典型错误D.错因分析释不达意,胡乱猜测.
 本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral(葬礼)remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”.
本题的正确选项为A.
64.典型错误A.错因分析无视主题,以点带面.
本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的”butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.”
本题的正确选项为B.
65.典型错误C.错因分析无视主题,以点带面.
本题考查主旨大意.这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾,放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上,放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项.
本题的正确选项为D.

Haveyoueverusedsolarenergytoboilabottleofwaterortakeashower?Haveyoueverthoughtthatsolarenergyisfarawayfromourdailylives?Youmaydoubtaboutthat.InJapan,thereisawonderfulprogramofSolarCity.
SolarCityislocated80,000metersnorthwestofTokyo,amongthestrawberryfields.ThisisoneofJapan’ssunniestplaces.SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.Seventy-fivepercentofthehomestherearecoveredbysolarpanels.Thegovernmenthasprovidedpeopletherewiththesolarpanelsforfree.Inaddition,thegovernmenthaspaid9.7billionyentostudyhowtomakefulluseofsolarenergy.Anumberofsolarenergycompanieshavealsogivenmoneytohelpthisprogram.
PeoplelivinginSolarCitythinkusingsolarpanelsisagoodwaytosavemoney.However,savingmoneyisnottheonlyreasonwhypeoplearemovingintothiscity."Wemovedherebecauseofthepanels.Itwassomethingwewanted,”saidMikaHiroshima.ShemovedtoSolarCitywithherhusbandandtwolittlechildrenaboutfouryearsago.
ItiswellknownthatJapanisacountrythatisshortofenergy,buttheSolarCityprogramhasbroughthopeforthecountry."Peoplewantsolarenergy,”saidanofficialofSolarCity.ActuallyinSolarCity,thereare550familiesmakinguseofsolarenergyatthemoment.Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.Insunnydays,solarpanelsareabletoprovidemorethanenoughenergyforanormalfamily.However,thesolarpanelsarenotthatusefulincloudydays.Despitethis,SolarCityisstillawonderfulprogrambecauseitinspirespeopletowiselyusethelimitedenergy.
1.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.
A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutsolarenergy
B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic
C.learnthesituationthatsolarenergyisused
D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem
2.Thethirdparagraphofthepassageismainlyabout______.
A.thereasonwhypeoplearemovingintoSolarCity
B.howthepeoplearelivinginSolarCity
C.thethingsthatpeoplelivinginSolarCityneed
D.thelifeexperiencefromthepeoplelivinginSolarCity
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.Japanisacountrywhichislackinginenergy
B.thesolarpanelsareonlyusefulinsunnydays
C.theSolarCityprogramwillbesuccessful
D.SolarCityisaverymodernbigcity
参考答案及解析:
1.典型错误A.错因分析:信息错位,张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的,而非全篇的写作目的。
写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。
本题的正确选项为B。
2.典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。
主旨大意题。从本段来看,第一句话说出,生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了,生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱,还为了太阳电池板。因此,可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意,此时要注意段落的主题句,可位于段首,段尾或段落的中间,也有的要从段中自己提取的。
本题的正确选项为A。
3.典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点,推理判断题要从文中进行推断,而不是文中的原话。
推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此,C项正确。D项,可根据文中的“SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.”知,SolarCity并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实,而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提,以具体事实为依据进行推理,做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接,只要弄清事实,即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据,而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理,就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。
本题的正确选项为C。


Peoplebelievesthatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms(体育馆).Here,peoplearelearningonclimbing.Theclimbingwallgoesstraightupandsmallholdingplacesforhandsandfeet.
Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesand(保护带)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.Thereareropes(绳索)tiedtoyour.Theropesholdyouinplacesothatyoudon’tfall.Abeginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethigh,andyouclimbstraightup.Therearesmallpiecesofmetalthatstickoutforyoutostandonandholdonto.Sometimesit’seasytoseethenewpieceofmetal.Sometimes,it’snot.Themostdifficultisanyourfear.It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.Butwhenyoumoveawayfromthewall,theandtheropesholdyou,andyoubegintofeelsafe.Youmoveslowlyuntilyoureachthetop.
Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.
64.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Peoplearefairlyinterestedinclimbingnowadays.
B.Itisimpossibletobuildupone’sbodybyclimbing.
C.Peoplecanonlylearntheskillofclimbingoutdoors.
D.Itisalwayseasytoseeholdingplacesinclimbing.
65.Themostdifficultthingtodoinwallclimbingis_______.
A.totieropestoyourB.tocontrolyourfear
C.tomoveawayfromthewallD.toclimbstraightup
66.Theword“workout”underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.
A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness
67.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?
A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing
C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.D.introducethesportofwallclimbing

参考答案及解析:
64.典型错误D.错因分析片面理解,没有从全文的角度去看问题。
 推理判断题.在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论,因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.
本题的正确选项为A.
65.典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章,而主观判断试题的答案。
 细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句”It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解,是高考阅读题中较简单的题型,但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。
本题的正确选项为B.
66.典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文,而采用了构词法来猜测生词的意思,因为workout意为“解决”,所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。
 词义猜测题.根据“Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.”与”Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行,但是也要符合上下文的语境。
本题的正确选项为B.
67.典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法,以偏代全。
 意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图,因此在答题要分析题干,如果文章的写作意图,就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动.
本题的正确选项为D.


Theonlysurvivorofashipwreckwaswasheduponasmall,uninhabitedisland.HeprayedfeverishlyforGodtorescuehim,andeverydayhescannedthehorizonforhelp,butnoneseemedforthcoming.
Exhausted,heeventuallymanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoprotecthimfromtheelements,andtostorehisfewpossessions.Butthenoneday,afterlookingforfood,hearrivedhometofindhislittlehutinflames,thesmokerollinguptothesky.
Theworsthadhappened;everythingwaslost.
Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.
Earlythenextday,however,hewasawakenedbythesoundofashipthatwasapproachingtheisland.Ithadcometorescuehim."HowdidyouknowIwashere?"askedthewearymanofhisrescuers."Wesawyoursmokesignal,"theyreplied.
Itiseasytogetdiscouragedwhenthingsaregoingbad.
Butweshouldntloseheart,becauseGodisatworkinourlives,eveninthemidstofpainandsuffering.
Remember,nexttimeyourlittlehutisburningtothegrounditjustmaybeasmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod.
Forallthenegativethingswehavetosaytoourselves,Godhasapositiveanswerforit.
1.Thepropertitleofthepassageis.
A.GodIsWhereverWeNeedHim
B.WeshouldhaveaPositiveAttitudetoLife
C.AStoryHappenedonAnUninhabitedIsland
D.ASurvivorWasHowtoBeSaved
2.Afterthesurvivorseeinghishutburningtotheground,he_________.
A.wasveryangryandfrightenedanddidn’tsleep
B.wasverysadanddisappointedanddidn’tsleep
C.wassoangryandsadthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
D.wassosurprisedthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
3.Fromthestorywecaninfer_______.
A.thatthesurvivorwasaluckydog
B.Godisakindandconsiderableoldman
C.Godiswillingtohelpanyonewhohelpsoneself
D.Youarewhatyoueat
4.Themeaningoftheunderlinedpart“asmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod”maybe___.
A.asmokesignalthatshowsGod’sidea
B.apieceofinformationthatGodsendsouttoinformrescuers.
C.anorderthatGodgivestopunishthemanwhoisintrouble
D.asignalthatshowsGod’skindnesstohelpthemanintrouble
参考答案及解析:
1.典型错误A.错因分析:没有考虑到文章的主题。
选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看,C项比较全面,且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上,认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图,在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。
本题的正确选项为C。
2.典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。
细节理解题。根据文章中的“Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.”可知。在做细节理解题时,一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子,在理解原文的基础上选择答案,找到关键词后最好在下面划线,以便检查。
本题的正确选项为C.
3.典型错误C.错因分析:片面理解文章,以致于得出错误的结论。
推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道,这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者,并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火,他却意想不到的得救。因此,可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原意,以文章提供的事实和线索想象,随意想象,更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。
本题的正确选项为A。
4.典型错误A.错因分析:释不达意,胡乱猜测
句意的解释。grace意为“恩泽”;summon意为“传唤”;本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此,可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型,要根据上下文来推测。
本题的正确选项为D.

高考英语重点词及短语归纳


高一下册重点词及短语归纳
动词:examinedigestgainpeelchopsteam(n.)boilrecognizeexplainearnrehearseattendnodconductchargeprovecontrolfasteninspireadmirethreatenvaluebotherpromisebearmodernizepumpguidesowweedremoveintendamuseappreciateexistsufferoperatebrakeconfuseapplaudavoidleanmanagefoldvarypartbowbendtapoccureducatedivideriskcarveprevent
名词:junk(food)fatvitaminsnackstomachfeverplentyenergyfueldietpacenutritionmuscleproteinbeanproductfibremineralfunctioneco-foodchemicalbalancesupplementunitbrainmushroommixturethemeEastersymbolconflictargumentdestructionopinionhono(u)r(v.)ancestorprinciplenationself-determinationpurposecreativityfaithjoygenerationcheekcelebrationremindergiftfool(v.)invitationoccasioncycle(v.)batmysteryladderfootprintdormitorydiamondballjewellerydebtlecturemosquitoauthoroutlineplotqualityexperimentglovegasliquid(dis)advantageapplicationengineeconomycomfortlightningthunderstormshedstringshockframehandkerchiefsenseskindrugactivistdoubtpainkillerviewconclusionchampionmilebottomworkdayshelterregretclimatepianistpersonalityfamekindergartenhardshipdisciplineself-improvementscholarshipgraduationfishermangreat-grandmothercoastbayspringheatsurfacevoyagepossessionparagraphheadinglocationgrasslandsecretarypercentweddingconferencerelationcattleexportlambcottageseasideregionprotectiontechniqueirrigationseedimportproductionmethodshortagegreenhouserootinsectgenetobaccotiediscoverywisdomguideconditionsoilweedsunflowerproverbsunsethumor(ous)witchchalkcoupleministerGermanstagecross-dressingnationalitylaughteraccenttraditionphrasepeasantdirectioncyclistbicyclesilencecustomercontactsuitcasethumbindexhandshakepalmforefingerfistangerdetailfocusamusementattractioncollectioncastlecostume(r)minoritycartoonthrillconservationsectionshuttlebutterflyinjuryrockethelicopterachievementcivilizationhandbagdarknessimaginationdesigner

形容词/副词:ripefitsleepytastyholymajorprobablycommercialsimilarscarysurelymysteriouslovelypreciouspositivesillybesidesunnecessaryelectricsharpcruelgenerouscheerfulmeantensedulldishoneststormysomehowsoloextremelycentralnortheasternmildmainlygrassyrockysandyhillymountainoussurprisingagriculturaltechnicalseedlessgoldenpracticalbittercertainactuallytypicalrapidfluentfortunatelyrudeunfairaheaddisrespectfulcrazyincredibleuselessspecificcoastalhomesickendless

短语:plentyofkeepupwithmakeachoicenowandthendressup
inone’sopinionplayatrickonsb.callondayandnightactout
anumberofagreatdealofaroundthecornercometotermswith
takepossessionofmakeupgosailing/campingdateback
makefunofbeongoodterms(withsb.)lookon…asaheadof
givesb.ahandgetthroughteardownholdupmakeafaceinorder
cutoff

高考链接:
75.Theinternational____________(烟草)industryismakingalotofmoneyfromthedevelopingcountries.
76.Itwasg__________ofbobtooffertopaythedinnerbillforbothofus.
77.Hisrichexperiencegavehimana__________overtheothersapplyingforthejob.
78.Whenmyoldclassmatecalledmeinthestreet,Ihardlyr_________him.
79.Heisagoodpianist.Hepracticesplayingthepianoforhourseveryday.
80.Heavysnow_____________(预示)agoodharvest.

高一下英语单词拼写补充练习
1.Doyouknowthataworkeranthastwo_________(胃)?
2.Doctorsadviseusnottoeatfruitwhichisnotr_________.
3.Ifyouares_________,youhadbettergotobed.
4.Thecardoesn’tf_________well;Ithinkyou’dbetterhaveitrepaired.
5.Ifyouarethirsty,Ihavesome________(矿)springwaterforyou.
6.Youmusttakeatleastthrees___________ofmedicineifyouwanttogetbetter.
7.Thisdrinkisam_________ofthreedifferentsorts.
8.Wemustdowhatwecandotokeepthe________(平衡)ofnature.
9.PeopleoftenconsiderTheRedCrossthes________ofthemedicine.
10.Thesoldieris________(敬礼)toeveryofficerwhogoesintotheroom.
11.Istherea________(代)gapbetweenyouandyourparents?
12.Haveyougotan________(请柬)toherweddingparty?
13.TheUnitedN________musttrytheirbesttokeepthepeaceoftheworld.
14.Thefootballfanshelda________(庆祝会)toshowtheirpleasure.
15Whatwillyoudoatweekend?Wewillgo________(骑车).
16.——Doyouknowthea________of“Hamlet”?
——Yes,it’swrittenbyShakespeare.
17.Thekingislivinginthe________(宫殿)whichlooksverybeautiful.
18.Itise______fouroclock,notoneminutemorenoroneminuteless.
19.Thisnewmodelisofhighq________butitisnotexpensive.
20.Einstein’stheory__________(证明)tobetrueatlast.
21.Doyouhavean__________(电)fantocoolinsummer?
22.Aftermanyexperiments,Galileodrewac__________thatlightthingsdropontothegroundatthesametimeasheavythingsifnoairholdsthemback.
23.Ifyoudriveacar,youmustf_________yoursafetybelt.
24.Thegirlwassoangrythatshe_______(撕)theletterintopieces.
25.Itisa__________(震惊)toallthathissecretaryhasstolenthemoney.
26.Thatisad__________filmandIthinkwehavetoleavethecinema.
27.Itisgoingtorainsowehavetofindas__________toprotectusfromtherain.
28.Monday,TuesdayandWednesdayarew________whileonSaturdayandSundayyoucanrest.
29.Peopleoftencallonewhowinsthefirstplacec_______.
30.DoyouknowthatthePolarBearlivesinacold________(气候).
31.Myunclewillbemarried.Areyougoingtoattendhisw________party?

32.Theheadsaidthathewouldtakemeashiss________toworkforhimsothatheneedn’twriteandtypehimself.
33.Howmany________(段落)arethereinthisarticle?
34.Thishouseismine.Thatistosay,Iaminp________ofthehouse.
35.——Whatwillyoudoafteryouretire,MrJohnson?
——IthinkIwillbuilda________(小屋)inthebeautifulvillageandspendtherestofmylifethere.
36.The________(发现)ofoilontheirlandmadethepeoplerapidlyrich.
37.P_________(产量)ofcomputershasincreaseddoubleinthelastfewweeks.
38.Doyouknowthatpotatoesare_______(根)oftheplant?
39.Ithinkthenewly-marriedc_______willbeveryhappybecausetheyloveeachotherdeeply.
40.Pleasereadthed_________carefullybeforeyoubegintousethemachine.
41.ThoughJohnSmithhaslivedinBeijingforalmosttenyears,hestillspeaksChinesewithanEnglisha______.
42.Theteacheriswritingsomethingontheblackboardwithapieceofc______.
43.Theboywass________fromafever,sohehadtogotoseeadoctor.
44.-Doyouknowhowtoo_______themachine?-Yes,myfatherhastaughtme.
45.RichardisAmerican,JohnisBritish—theyhavedifferentn_______(国籍).
46.Willyoujointheminbuyingthethingsifyouseemany________(顾客)gathering?
47.Themansaidwithaf_____(坚决的)voice,“Youmustnotstayhere.”
48.Movingone’shandupanddownwiththep_____facingdownmeans“Comehere.”
49.Becauseofhisstrangeclothes,heimmediatelybecamethef______ofattentionwhenheenteredtheoffice.
50.A________(衣箱)isenoughtotakeyourclotheswithyouonholiday.
51.Thoughheisyoung,hehasalargec________ofstamps.Thereareoveronethousand!
52.Thetides(潮汐)arecausedbythea_______(吸引力)ofthemoonfortheearth.
53.Ifyoustayawayfromyourfamilyforalongtime,youwillbeh______.
54.Noonehasseenad______thoughweoftensayitisthesymbolofourChinesepeople.
55.Ifyouhaveno__________(想象力),itisimpossibleforyoutolearnartwell.

高考英语精品复习:英语阅读理解


高三英语精品复习资料:
英语阅读理解

高考阅读试题的命题方式和去年基本保持一致。命题特点如下:
1.阅读理解题型为:主旨大意题;分析推理题;细节理解题;猜测词义题;以细节判断试题为主。通过捕捉细节、分析细节、归纳正确答案。
2.阅读材料的选择尽量作到体裁分布均匀,题材多样,语言地道,材料多为最近几年国内外报刊、杂志上具有时代性的原汁原味的文章。有很强的时代气息。
3.阅读文理解试题体裁广泛,一般有记叙文,议论文,说明文和应用文。
4.题材涉及内容广,有科普类、人物传记、故事类、历史文化类、广告和新闻报道类、社会热点和地理类。
5.试题难度适中,试卷包括难题中等和容易试题。中等为主、体现了大纲的要求。
6.阅读速度要求每分钟60单词。
7.加大了深层次理解试题和篇章结构试题的考查力度。
8.新课标试题有新的变化,增加了阅读表达试题。广东省阅读理解中加入了匹配试题。

细节理解试题推断试题主旨大意试题词义猜测试题
07年全国卷9631
06年全国卷7922
05年全国卷7922


1.事实细节理解:细节试题答案与原文相关联,在文中能直接找到答案。命题多与特殊问句、是非题,数字题有关。
Secretary.Parttime.20hoursaweek.Busydoctor`soffice.Experiencepreferred.Goodtyping.Call555-2438
BABYSITTER3to6weekdayafternoons.Iwilltakeyouhome.$5anhour,call555-5593.
Guitarlessons.Yourhomeormine.Experiencedmusician.Master`sdegreeinmusicCallLouise555-6131.
TENTHSTREETBLOCKPARTY.July15.Noonto8.Food,games,prizes,liveband.TenthStreetbetweenMainandNorth.
APARTMENTFORRENT.3sunnyroomsonhighfloor,greatview.Separatekitchen.Wall-to-wallcarpeting.Thelivingroomcanbeusedasdiningroom.Email:[emailprotected]
TAXIDRIVERWANTED.Fullorparttime.Experiencenecessary.Agoodknowledgeofthecityisrequired.Call555—8860between9amand5pmweekdays.
Astereosystemforsale.Ithastwospeakers.ThesystemhasAM/FMradio.Italsohasatapedeckandturntable.Itisingoodcondition.Thestereowasownedforonlyoneyear.Thepriceis$200includingthespeakers.Theownerwillalsotakethehighestpriceofferediftheaskingpriceisnotmet.CallBillafter6pmat555-9834.
2.数字细节题:这类考查的是学生对文中提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系的理解及加工的能力。
Howmanyofthesevenadsareplacedbypeoplewhowanttohiresomeoneforacertainjob?
FourB.ThreeC.TwoD.Five
答案:B.解析:根据第一、二、六段开头的信息,可知有三个广告招聘人。
3.正误细节试题:试题结构如下:
1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
2.WhichofthefollowingcouldNotexpected.
3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthesecondparagraph?
Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Thosewhohavesomeexperienceinofficeworkwillhaveabetterchancetogetthejobofsecretary.
B.Theownerofthestereowillneversellhisstereoatapricelessthan$200.
C.Thetaxidriverisnotnotnecessarilyfamiliarwiththecity.
D.Thetenthstreetblockpartywilllastuntilafter8
答案:A.解析:根据广告1中的Experiencepreferred。广告6中Experiencenecessary,可知答案A是真实的。根据广告7中Thepriceis$200includingthespeakers.Theownerwillalsotakethehighestpriceofferediftheaskingpriceisnotmet.。可知道B不真实。根据广告6中,Agoodknowledgeofthecityisrequired.可知C不真实。根据广告4中,是十点到八点,故此。D不真实。
4.主旨大意题:此题考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。出试题的模式多为:
1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?
2.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.
3.Thewriter`spurposeisthat_____.
4.Themainideaofthearticleis____.
5.Fromthepassagewelearnthat______.
6.Thekeypointofthepassageis___.
7.Thearticlemainlytellsusabout____.
8.Inthepassagethewriterarguesthat____.
说明文一般有主题句,所以寻找主题句显得尤其重要,一般主题句在句首,有时候在句末。有时候,有的说明文、议论文的主题句要通过每段的主题句归纳得出。
Ifyouarelikemoststudents,youprobablyreadbothathomeandoutsideyourhome:perhapssomewhereonyourschoolyardandmaybeevenatworkduringyourbreaks.Yourreadingenvironmentcanhaveagreateffectonyourunderstanding,soyougivesomethoughttohowyoucancreateorchoosetherightreadingenvironments.Theenvironmentallowstostayalterandtokeepallofyourattentiononthetext,especiallywhenitisbothinterestinganddifficult.
Whenyouareathome,youcanusuallycreateeffectiveconditionsforreading.Youmightwanttochooseaparticularplace–adeskortable,forexample–whereyoualwaysread.Makesuretheplaceyouchooseiswelllighted,andsitinachairthatrequiresyoutositstraight.Readinginachairthat`stoosoftandcomfortableislikelyyoumakeyousleepy!Keepyouractivereadingtools(pens,markers,notebooksorpaper)andadictionarycloseathand.
Beforeyousitdownforareadingperiod,trytoreduceallpossibleinterruptions.Turnoffyourphone,thetelevision,andtheradio.tellyourfamilymembersorroommatesthatyouwillbebusyforawhile.Ifnecessary,puta“Donotdisturb”signonyourdoor!Themoreinterruptionsyoumustdealwithwhileyouread,theharderitwillbetokeepyourattentiononthetaskathand.
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
WhattoReadB.TheWaystoReducePossibleInterruptions
CCreatinganEffectiveReadingEnvironment
D.HowtoReadFast
答案:C解析:本文是说明文,主题句是第一段第二句。意思是怎样创设良好的阅读环境。
5.推断试题:这类题主要考查学生对文章句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系的理解,如何推测文章表面信息的深层含义、判断作者的意图、态度、观点、语气.这类试题的结构如下:
*Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor__________.
*Whatisimpliedbutnotstated?
*Theparagraphisprobablytakenfrom____
*Itcanbeinferredinthestorythat______.
*Thewriterimpliedthat___________.
*What`sthewriter`sattitudetowards______?
*Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
*Whatisthewriter`spurpose?
*Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthat_____.
Ourvillagecarpenter,JohnHill,cameonedayandmadeadiningtableformywife.Hemadeitjusttherightsizetofillthespacebetweenthetwowindows.WhenIgothomethatevening,Johnwasdrinkingacupofteaandwritingouthisbillforthejob.
Mywifesaidtomequietly,“Itisninthcupofteatoday.”Butshesaidinaloudvoice,
“Itisabeautifultable,dear,isn`tit?”
“I`lldecidedaboutthatwhenIseethebill”Iread:
Onediningtable,10November,1989.
Costofwood:$17.00
Paint:$1.50
Work:8hours($1anhour)$8.00
Total:$36.50
WhenIwaslookingatthebill,Johnsaid,“Itisbeenafineday,hasn`tit?Quitesunny.”
“Yes”Isaid“I`mgladitisonlythe10thofNovember.”
“Me,too”saidJohn,“Youwait.It`llbealotcolderbytheendofthemonth”
“yes,colder…andmoreexpensive!Diningtableswillbebe$20moreexpensiveonNovember30th,won`tthey,John?”
Johnlookedhardatmeforhalfaminute.Wastherealittlesmileinhistwoblueeyes?Igavehisbillbacktohim.
“Ifitisn`ttoomuchtrouble,John,”Isaid,“pleaseadditupagainandyoucanforgetthedate.”
Ipaidhim$26.50andhewashappytogetit.
1.WhydidJohntalkabouttheweatherwhenthewriterwaslookingatthebill?
Becausehedidn`twantthewritertogothroughthebillcarefully.
Becauseitwasreallyafineday
Becausehewantedthewritertocheckthebillcarefully
Becausehewantedtotellthewriterwhattheweatherwaslike.
答案:A解析:本题是推断试题,根据上下文语境,John故意分散作者注意力,使作者不能仔细查帐目。
2.Fromthestoryweknowthat____.
A.Johnmadeamistakeinthebill
B.Johntriedtofoolthewriterinordertogetmoremoneyforhiswork.
C.Johnhadwrittenoutthebillbeforethewritergothome.
D.Johnstillwantedtoget$36.50forhisworkintheend.
答案:B解析:本题是推断判断题,根据上下文,作者查帐,John故意说话,是要愚弄作者。
6.猜测词义:根据上下文或句子意思猜测单词或短语的意思。试题结构如下:
*Theword“…”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans___.
*Theunderlinedphrase“…”inthearticleprobablymeans____.
*Theword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.
*Inline6,theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby____.
*“…”isasynonymfor____.

LONDONThursdayJuly26(Reuters)---EddymissedhisgirlfriendAnnasomuchheflewbacktoBritainfromAustraliatoproposetoher.Theproblemisshedidthesameintheoppositedirection.
HeandAnnaevenmanagedtomisseachotherwhentheysatinthesameairportwaitingroominSingaporeatthesametimetowaitforconnectingflights.
….
Theunderlinedword“miss”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.
A.failtomeetB.failtounderstandC.escapefromDlongtosee
答案:A解析:根据第二段可知,他们在同一个候机室,可没看见彼此。

A
Grown-upsknowthatpeopleandobjectsaresolid.Atthemovies,weknowthatifwereachouttotouchTomCruise,allwewillfeelisair.Butdoesababyhavethisunderstanding?
Toseewhetherbabiesknowobjectsaresolid.T.Bowerdesignedamethodforprojectinganopticalillusion(视觉影像)ofahangingball.Hisplanwastofirstgivebabiesarealball,onetheycouldbeexpectedtoshowsurprisedintheirfacesandmovements,Allthe16to24-week-oldbabiestestedweresurprisedwhentheyreachedfortheillusionandfoundthattheballwasnotthere.
Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Weknowthatifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.Butdoesababyrealizethataballthatrollsunderachairdoesnotdisappearandgotonever-neverland?
ExperimentsdonebyBowersuggestthatbabiesdevelopasenseofobjectpermanencewhentheyareabout18weeksold.Inhisexperiments,Bowerusedatoytrainthatwentbehindascreen.When16-week-oldand22-week-oldbabieswatchedthetoytraindisappearbehindtheleftsideofthescreen,theylookedtotheright,expectingittore-appear.Iftheexperimenttookthetrainoffthetableandliftedthescreen,allthebabiesseemedsurprisednottoseethetrain.Thisseemstoshowthatallthebabieshadasenseofobjectpermanence.Butthesecondpartoftheexperimentshowedthatthiswasnotreallythecase.There-searchersubstituted(替换)aballforthetrainwhenitwentbehindthescreen.The22-week-oldbabiesseemedsurprisedandlookedbacktotheleftsideforthetrain.Butthe16-week-oldbabiesdidnotseemtonoticetheswitch(更换).Thus,the16-week-oldbabiesseemedtohaveasenseof“somethingpermanence,”whilethe22-week-oldbabieshadasenseofobjectpermanencerelatedtoaparticularobject.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.babies’senseofsight
B.effectsofexperimentsonbabies
C.babies’understandingofobjects
D.differenttestsonbabies’feelings
2.InParagraph3,“objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,andobject.
A.stillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.stillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach
3.WhatdidBoweruseinhisexperiments?
A.AchairB.AscreenC.AfilmD.Abox
4.39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Thebabiesdidn’thaveasenseofdirection.
B.Theolderbabiespreferredtoytrainstoballs.
C.Theyoungerbabieslikedlookingformissingobjects
D.Thebabiescouldn’ttellaballfromitsopticalillusion.
B
TheThreeGorges(三峡)Dam,thelargestdamintheworld,isalsothelargestengineeringprojectonthefaceoftheearth.Itaimstomakethemotherofallfloods,theChangjiangRiver,intoatameriveranditwillbethelargestpowersourceformuchofeasternandcentralChina.Itwillcreateahuge,deep-waterlake,andmakeitpossiblefor10,000tonoceangoingshipstosail15,000milesinlandfromthePacifictothecityofChongqingwithits30millionpeople,makingittheword’slargestriverport.
Constructionhasalreadystarted.Thedamwillbea-bout6,860feetlongand611feethigh,ataspotcalledSandoupingnearYichang.
Aftermanyyearsofinvestigation(调研)expertshavedrawnaconclusionthatthisgrandprojectwilldoagreatdealofgood.Themostimportantthingisfloodcontrol.Bybuildingadaminsteadofnewcoalplantstomeetitsgrowingdemandforelectricity,Chinawillgiveoffmuchlesspoisonousgasesintotheair.
However,somescientistsdon’tagreetotheproject.TheysaythatChongqinganddozensofothercitiesalongtheriverwillputmuchwasteintothereservoir(水库),whichcandoharmtopeople,fishandotherlivingthingsthatdependontheriver.Sedimentation(沉积)anddamageofabreach(决口)areproblems,too.
TheThreeGorgesDamcouldbeconsidered,whenitisfinishedin,aneweighthwonderoftheworldastothesizealone.
5.Whichisnotthepurposetobuildsuchahugedam?
A.Tomakeelectricity.B.Topreventfloods.
C.Toimprovenavigation(运输)D.Tomakeitawonder.
6.Wheredoesthedamlie?
A.NearChongqing.B.NearYichang.
C.IntheThreeGorgesD.InWuhan.
7.Itwilltakeabouttocompletethedam.
A.eightyearsB.morethantenyears
C.halfacenturyD.morethantwentyyears.
8.Somescientistsfearthat.
A.whenthedamisbuilt,thebalanceofnaturemaybedestroyed
B.sedimentationmayoccur
C.abreachmaycausemillionsofpeopletodieortobehomeless
D.electricitywillnotbeasmuchasexpected
9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTright?
A.Whenfinished,thedamwillbeoneofthemainbasesofpowersourceofChina.
B.Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesettingupofthedam
C.Itwilltakemanyyearstobuildthedambecausepeoplewanttoseewhetheritwillbesafeandstrongenough.
D.Chongqingwillbecomethelargestriverportintheworldwhenthedamisfinished.
C
Foreignersarelikelytoacquire(获得)moreinvestmentopportunitiesinchinasincethecentralgovernmenthaspassedafreshregulationtoTuesdaytoattractforeigncapital(资本)
Theregulation,whichwilltakeeffectonApril1,out-lineshowchinawillexpandco-ownedenterprisesre-form(企业改革)
Accordingtotheregulation,overseasinvestorsareexpectedtobecomeshareholdersinthekeystate-ownedenterprises.Overseasinvestorswillevenallowedtoholdthecontrollingstake(控股)inthelargestate-ownedenterprises,exceptforthoseofkeyimportancetonationaloreconomicsecurity.
“China’sWTOmembershiphasreducedtherisksandcostsforforeigninvestors,andmorecapitalandadvancedtechniquesandexpertknowledgeorskillareexpectedtoflownin,”anofficialsaid.
Inparticular,thenewregulationappeals(makesanear-nestrequest)forcapitalforagriculturaltechnology,transportation,energyandnewmaterialindustry,Theserviceindustry,includingbanking,willgraduallybecomeanotherfocalpointofco-operation.
Thecountryhopesforeigninvestorsstartbusinessesinthewesternregions,wheretheywillenjoymorefavourabletaxationpoliciesforthenest10years.
10.Agreatdealofforeigncapitalhascometochinabecause.
Atheforeigninvestorshavetoomuchmoney
Btherearetoomanyenterprisesinchina
CChinaisalargecountry
DChina’sreformwillbringgreatbenefittotheforeigninvestors
11.Ifforeigninvestorsstarttheirbusinessinthewest-ernregions,theywill.
ApaymoretaxesBlosemorebenefitCoffermoretaxesDgainmoreadvantages
12.whichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?
A.Foreigncapitalisappealedfortodevelopthenewmaterialindustry.
B.ForeigncapitalisappealedtotakepartinChina’
C.ForeignersareencouragedtotakepartinChina’senterprisesreform.
D.Foreigninvestorscanholdthecontrollingstakeofallthelargestate-ownedenterprises.
13.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatchina’sserviceindustrywillinfuture.’
AfallbehindothersB.developatthesamespeedasnowC.bedevelopedrapidlyD.continueco-operationwithforeigners
D.
MrsKellerhadabigfamily.Herhusbandhadafactoryinthetown.Oneofhersonswasalawyersandtheothertwoweredrivers.Andhertwodaughtersworkedinthepostoffice.Theoldwomanstayedathomeandcoulddoallhouseworkandwouldn`temployanybody.
Oneevening,thetelephonerangwhiletheoldwomanwaspreparingsupper.Shewenttoanswerit.Shewastoldthatoneofhersonsdiedinatrafficaccident.Sheheardthisandfellinafaint.Whenshecamebacktolife,shewasinhospital.Andsheneededtobehelpedafterthat.
Severalmonthslatershewastoldonthetelephoneherdaughterdiedwhileshewasbeingoperatedon.Theoldwomanwassosadthatshehadtobeinhospitalagain.Fromthenonshewasafraidtoansweranytelephonesandsometimesshewasafraidhearthebell.Ofcourseitbroughtthemsometroubleandsomeimportantbusinesswasheldup.Soherhusbandadvisedhertoseeapsychiatrist.Themanexaminedhercarefullyandthenaskedhersomequestions.
“Youwillsoonbeallrightifyoufollowmyadvice,MrsKeller”saidthepsychiatrist.
Theoldwomantookthemedicinethedoctorgaveontimeandtriedtoforgetherdeadsonanddaughter.Andtwomonthslatershewenttoseethepsychiatristagain.
“Youhavesavedme,Doctor,”theoldwomansaid,assoonasshesawhim.
“Areyouafraidtoanswerthetelephonenow?”
“No,”answeredKeller.
“Idareansweritwhetheritringsornot”
14.MrsKellercoulddoallhouseworkbecause______.
A.shehadnomoneytoemployahelper.
B.shewasstrongenoughtodoallathome
C.shedidn`tbelieveanybody
D.onlyshewasfreeathome
15.Theoldwomanfellinafaintbecause_____
A.shewenttoanswerthetelephone.
B.shewasveryillthatevening
C.shewalkedintheroomcarelessly
D.sheheardthenewsaboutherson`sdeath.
16.Aftershecameoutofhospital,MrsKellerwasn`t___asbefore.
A.strongB.ableC.cleverD.sad
17.___madetheoldwomannotanswerthetelephone.
A.Thedoctor`sadviceB.Herhusband`ssuggestion
C.HerpoorhealthD.Thetwopiecesofbadnews
E
London---“Everyonehasone!”Lucydeclaredtoherparents,tryingtogetacell-phoneasagiftforher14thbirthday.Herparentsgavein.
Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephone,JaneBidder,themother,followedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorning.Thebuseats20,ofwhomhalfhaveacell-phone.Oneringsandseveraladolescentownersfeelintheirbags.
Manyparentshavejustrealizethatthecell-phoneisnolongeronlyfortravelingbusinessmen—itisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.
Thecell-phoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessentialfortoday`steensinBritain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16-year-oldsnowhaveaccesstoacell-phone.
Thecell-phonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteen-users.Whentheyaretalkingonthecell-phone,theirparentsarenotabletoeavesdroponthesecondline.
Theinterviewswith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetextmassagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.
Forexample,“cya”means“seeyou”;“lol”means“laughoutloud”;and“2nite”isanabbreviationof“tonight”.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesusedontheInternet.
Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingcell-phones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.
Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingcell-phoneradiation.
18.ThestoryofLucytoshowus____.
A.Britishparentsmeettheirchildren`sneedswhatevertheyare.
B.Britishkidshavegoodrelationshipswiththeirparents.
C.howBritishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningacell-phone.
D.whyeverychildgetsacell-phoneasabirthdaypresentinUK.
19.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisnewsstory?
A.Schoolbanscell-phones
B.Parents`curiosityaboutchildrenusingcellphones.
C.Cell-phonepopularityamongUKteens
D.SecretmessagespopularamongkidsinUK.
20.Interviewdiscoverchildrenlikesendingmessagesinsteadof_____.
A.callingeachother
B.writingnotestoeachother
C.playinggamesonline
D.greetingeachother

A
本文是一篇科普短文,大意是通过实验研究儿童是否知道物体是固体,具有物体持久性的感觉,研究表明,16周到24周的婴儿都知道物体是有形的固体,然而第一项研究表明只有18周以上的婴儿才对某个特定的物体的认识具有持久性。
1.解析本题考查主旨大意的把握能力。本文通过科学家的研究和对研究结果的解释,旨在说明婴儿对物体的理解。答案:C
2.解析本题考查词义理解能力。通过对第二项研究情况的阅读和第三段的解释得知“objectpermanence”意思是“物体依然存在”。答案:A
3.解析本题考查细节理解能力。第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的两个实验中都用到了screen.答案:B
4.解析本题考查证误判断能力。第二段中所述实验情况表明:婴儿伸手去摸屏幕上的影像,说明他们事先不能区分一个真正的球和影像的区别。答案:D
B
5.解析三峡大坝建成后可能成为第八大奇迹,但这并不是修大坝的目的,而A、B、C项的内容从文中可看出都是建大坝的目的。答案D
6.解析从文中的直接信息可知三峡大坝位于宜昌附近的三斗坪。
7.解析文中有明确信息,三峡大责的修建工程已经开始,并将于年工程全面竣工,因此整个大坝的修建工程将历时16年。即使不知道大坝开工的具体时间,也应该知道是九十年代,至少不是8年,而C、D明显不符。答案B
8.并非所有的科学家都赞同修大坝,他们担心沿长江城市会往水库排废物,而伤害到人、鱼及其他生物造成生态平衡破坏。B、C内容在文中都有出现,但都不全。答案A
9.C项的内容显然与文章和客观情况不符大坝不可能边修边看值不值得修。
C
10.推理题。首先中国政府给外资提供了越来越多的投资机会,同时如文章所说“China’sWTOmembershiphasreducedtherisksandcostsforforeigninvestors”中国入世后给外国投资者降低了风险、降低了费用。这就是给他们的利益。答案D。
11.推理题。由于中国正在对西部进行开发,如果外国投资者去西部地区投资,机会肯定会更多,其他几个选项与文章和题意都不符。答案D
12.细节题。文章第三段说“Overseasinvestorswillevenbeallowedtoholdthecontrollingstakeinthelargestate-ownedenterprises,exceptforthoseofkeyimportancetonationaloreconomicsecurity.而D与该句话不一致。”答案D
13.推理题。根据倒数第二段中“Theserviceindustry,includingbanking,telecommunication,insurance,andtourism,willgraduallybecomeanotherfocalpointofco-operation.”一句话,可以看出服务业将成为另一个合作的焦点,故服务业将在未来发展迅速。答案C
D
14.推理题。第一段最后一句,MrsKeller在家里做所有的家务,并且不雇佣人,住院后,做什么事情就需要人帮助,由此推断她很强壮。她丈夫有一家工厂,故不是没钱雇佣人,而是她自己能做家务。答案:B
15.细节题。第二段中,MrsKeller接到电话,知道她儿子死了,她就晕倒了。答案:D.
16.细节题。第二段中,根据此句:Sheheardthisandfellinafaint.Whenshecamebacktolife,shewasinhospital.Andsheneededtobehelpedafterthat。这句告诉我们她健康状况不如以前。故此选:A.
17.细节题。MrsKeller连续两次在接电话时受到打击,都是关于子女死亡的电话,所以不敢再接电话。故选:D
E
18.推理题。第三自然段,许多父母都意识到孩子们也可以拥有手机。故此答案选:C
19.主旨大意。通过父母的见闻,说明手机在英国学生中很普遍。故此答案选:C
20.细节题。倒数第五段,Theinterviewswith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetextmassagingservicesbecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.可以知道,学生喜欢发短信,故此答案为:B

高考英语常见词及短语辨析


高考英语常见词及短语辨析
高中英语常见词及短语辨析(I)
1.about;around;round作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。about系常用词,如:
lookabout四处看。
around具有about的基本意思,因此lookabout=lookaround,但在下列短语里around没有about正式,如:
travelaround各处旅行
round和around在非正式用法中可以互换,但一般用round时更简练。在正式用语中,一般用round指“旋转”,而用around指“处处”,“到处”,如:
Sheturnedroundatsuchanoise.听到这样的吵声,她回头看。
Ihavebeenlookingforitallaround.我到处都找过了。
另外,英国人用round的地方,美国人倾向于用around,如:
[英]Wintercomesround.
[美]Wintercomesaround.

2.aboveall;afterall;atall
aboveall意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:
ButabovealltellmequicklywhatIhavetodo.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
Aclockmustaboveallkeepsgoodtime.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
afterall意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:
Afterall,yourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
Heis,afterall,asmallchild.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
Hefailedafterall.他终于失败了。
atall用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:
Hedoesn’tlikeyouatall.他根本不喜欢你。
Areyougoingtodoitatall?你究竟做不做这件事?
Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
Iwassurprisedathiscomingatall.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。

3.add;addto;add…to;addupto
add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如:
Iftheteaistoostrong,addsomemorehotwater.如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。
Afterashortwhile,headdedthathewouldtryhisbest.过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。
addto意为“增添,增加,增进”。如:
Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。
add...to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如:
Addtwotoseven,andyouwillgetnine.七加二等于九。
addupto意为“加起来总共是/累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态。如:
Allhisschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.他的学校教育加起来不过一年。

4.affair;thing;matter;business
affair意为“事情、事件”,含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。
thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势”解。
matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
business作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
agreatdeal;agreatdealof
agreatdeal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级。如:
Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisthebestway.经过大量研究后,这(被认为)是最好的办法。
Weareagreatdealclevererthanbefore.我们比以前聪明多了。
agreatdealof意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如:
Agreatdealoftime/money/energyhasbeenspentontheproject.
大量的时间/金钱/能源花在那个工程上了。

5.agreeon;agreeto;agreewith;agreethat
agreeon作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agreeto有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如:Myfatheragreedtobuyanewpenforme.父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:
Theyhaveagreedtoourplan.他们已同意我们的计划。
agreewith作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:
Heagreedwithmyopinions.他同意了我的意见。
Weagreedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting.我们同意他在会上讲的话。
agreethat作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句。例如:
Iagreethatyourcompositionisverygood.我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。

6.allow;let二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重:allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求。例如:Heallowedmetotakehisdictionary.他允许我拿走他的词典。Willyouallowmetouseyourbike?我可以用你的自行车吗?let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意;作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反。例如:Pleaseletmewalkwithyou(=Pleaseallowmetowalkwithyou.).我(请允许我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allowsb.todosth.或allowdoingsth.结构中。

7.although;though;as
三者均可表示“尽管;虽然”,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意:
状语从句由although,though或as引导,主句之前不可有but,and,so,however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如:
Although/Thoughhebelievesit,yethewillnotact.他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。
as表示“尽管;虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如:
Youngas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。
注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如:
Childas/thoughheis,hecanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。
though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能。例如:
Theysaidtheywouldcome;theydidnot,though.他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。
although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”。因此可以说eventhough“即使”以及asthough“好像(=asif)”,不能说evenalthough或asalthough。例如:
Ibelieveyouareonduty—eventhoughyou’reinplainclothes.尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。

8.among/between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。
例如:Thegirlwalkedbetweenherfatherandmother.这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。
Sheisthetallestamongherclassmates.她在她同学之间是最高的。
SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Italy,AustriaandGermany.
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。

9.arguedebatedispute都含“辩论”的意思。argue着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”,如:
Iarguedwithherforalongtime,butsherefusedtolistentoreason.
我和她辩论了好久,但她还是不听。
debate着重“双方各述己见”,内含“交锋”的意思,如:
Wehavebeendebatingabouttheissue.我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。
dispute指“激烈争辩”,含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whetherhewillbeelectedaschairmanisstilldisputed.他是否当选为主席,仍然有争论。

10argue;quarrel;discuss这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同。
argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如:
Weheardthemarguingintheotherroom.我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如:
Wearguedwiththemaboutthisproblemforalongtime.这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。
quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如:
Heoftenquarrelsabouttheirhouseworkwithhiswife.他常为家务事同妻子争吵。
discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如:
Welldiscusstheuseofthearticlestomorrow.明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。

11as(so)faras;as(so)longas
as(so)faras的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as(so)farassth.isconcerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”;as(so)longas意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。如:
AsfarasIknow,morethan10millionlaid-offworkershavefoundtheirnewjobs.
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。
Thereisnothingthatwecan’tdoso/aslongaswekeepontryingtodoit.
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。
AsfarasthetourismofChinaisconcerned,thereisalongwaytogo.
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。

12asleep/sleeping二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。
如:我们不能说:anasleepbaby,但可以说:asleepingbaby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。
再如:Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
asleepingdog正在熟睡的狗sleepingcar卧车sleepingbag睡袋

13assert,affirm,maintainassert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。
A.Despiteallthepoliceman’squestionsthesuspect___thathehadbeenathomeallevening.
B.Itisnonsenseto___thatsmokingdoesnotdamagepeople’shealth.
C.ThroughouthisprisonsentenceDunnhasalways___hisinnocence.
Answers:A.affirmedB.assertC.maintained

14asthough;eventhough;thoughasthough(=asif),意为“好像;似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如:
Hespokeasthough(asif)hehadbeenherebefore.他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里。
Itlooksasif(asthough)itisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。
eventhough(=evenif),意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”;eventhough有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,eventhough引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。例如:
Hewillnottellthesecreteventhough(evenif)heknowsit.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。
Hewillnottellthesecretthoughheknowsit.他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。

15atthebeginning;inthebeginningatthebeginning在……初;在……开始的时候。常与of连用。例如:Studentsusuallyhaveastudyplanatthebeginningofterm.学生们在开学初制定学习计划。inthebeginning相当于atfirst,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用。例如:Inthebeginning,someofustooknointerestinphysics.起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。

16attackassailassaultchargebeset
都含有"攻击"的意思。
attack是常用词,指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人",如:
GermanybegantoattacktheSovietUnionin1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。
assail指"猛烈连续地攻击",如:
Theenemyplaneassailedourdefenceposition.敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。
assault语气比assail强,指"突然猛烈地进攻",暗示"武力的直接接触"(如肉搏等),也有"暴力"的意思,如:Theenemyassaultedusatdawn.敌人在黎明时向我进攻。
charge指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击",如:
Thecavalrychargedtothefront.骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。
beset指"围攻",即从各个方向攻击,如:
Intheswampwewerebesetbymosquitoes.在沼泽地里,我们受到蚊子的围攻。

17attheageof/bytheageofattheageof表示“在……岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如:
Attheageofsix,hebegantolearnEnglish.他六岁的时候开始学英语。
Shelearnedtoplaythepianoattheageoften.她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。
bytheageof表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如:
Bytheageofsixteen,hehadlearnedtodriveacar.到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车。
Youwillhavelearnedmorethan2000Englishwordsbytheageoffourteen.
到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2000多个英语单词。

18atthetime;atthattime;atonetime;atatime
atthetime通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。例如:
Manypeoplesawthestrangethinghappenatthetime.当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。
有时,atthetime的后面可接“of...”短语。这时,它表示“在(某事态)发生的时候”或“在……的时代”。例如:
WereyouinSanFranciscoatthetimeofthebigearthquakein1989﹖
1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?
IthappenedatthetimeofKingAlfred.事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。
atthattime则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of...”短语。例如:
Inthe17thcenturymuchcornwasgrowninTibetandSichuan.Atthattime
(=Atthe17thcentury)thelandalongtheChangjiangRiverwasbecomingverycrowded.
atonetime=duringaperiodoftimeinthepast意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”。例如:
Theyusedtobegoodfriendsatonetime.他们曾经是好朋友。
atatime则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如:
Don’tspeakallatonce.Oneatatime,please.不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。
Takethemedicinethreetimesadayandthreepiecesatatime.这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。

19at...speed/with...speedatthespeedof或者at...speed,意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all,lightning,great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都(all)以闪电般(lightning)大(great)的速度行驶。如:
Ourcarwasrunningwithallspeedontheexpressway.我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。
TheLongMarchNo.2Rocketsentupthesatelliteintospaceatthespeedof11.2kilometerspersecond.长征二号火箭以每秒钟11.2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。

B
20because/since/as/for
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在回答why的提问时,必须用because作答。
如:Westayedathomebecauseitrained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。
as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十分明显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因为、由于”;而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因,一般可译为“既然”。如:
Ashewasnotfeelingwell,Idecidedtogotherealone.由于他身体欠佳,我决定独自去那里。
Sinceeveryoneishere,letsstart.既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。
for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所叙述的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如:
Theremustbenobodyintheclassroom,forthelightisoff.
教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)
believe;believein
believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。如:
Ibelievewhathesays.我相信他的话。
Ibelievethathewillsucceed.我相信他会成功的。
believein是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰”(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)和“信任(havetrustin)”。如:
TheybelieveinGod.他们信仰上帝。
Ibelieveinhavingplentyofexercise.我相信多锻炼有好处。
believe和believein后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比较:
Ibelieveinhim(Ithinkheisafrustworthyman).我信任他。
Ibelievehim.(Ibelievewhathesays).我相信他的话。

21belieffaithtrustconfidence都含有“相信”的意思。
belief指“承认某事是真的,尽管有或没有确凿的证据”,如:
beliefinghosts.相信有鬼。
faith指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”,如:
Ihavefaithinhisabilitytosucceed.我相信他有成功的能力。
trust指“信赖”、“信任”,含有“坚定的信念”的意思,如:
enjoythetrustofthepeople得到人民的信任。
confidence指“在有证据的基础上相信”,也常指“自信”、“有把握”,如:
Shehasgreatconfidenceinhersuccess.她对自己的成功充满信心。

22besides;except;but三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,except/but意为“除……外(不再有)”;besides意为“除……外(还有)”。请比较:
Allofthemhaveseenthefilmexcept/butWuDong.除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。
AllofthemhaveseenthefilmbesidesWuDong.除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。
except后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:
I’lldoeverythingexcept/butcook.除了做饭,我什么事情都干。
Thiswindowisneveropenedexceptinsummer.除了在夏天,这个窗子从不打开。
用在否定句中,三者可以互换。如:
Therearen’tanyotherpeopletodotheworkexcept/but/besidesyou.
除了你,没人能做这工作。

23beanxiousto;beanxiousfor;beanxiousabout;beanxiousthatbeanxiousto表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形;
beanxiousfor表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.todosth.时,表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中forsb.todosth.是不定式复合结构。
beanxiousabout表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”;beanxiousthat表示“渴望”,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气;
[EXERCISES]
①I____theresultoftheexamination.
②We____knowtheresultoftheexamination.
③We____MrLiutohelpuswithourEnglish.
④MrLi____anewcar.
⑤They____arrivehomebeforedark.
(Key:①amanxiousabout/for②areanxiousto③areanxiousfor④isanxiousfor⑤areanxiousto)
1)Thegirl____anewdictionary.2)Allthestudents____theirresultsofthisexamination.3)Everyone_____knowtheirresultsofthecompetition.4)We___MrZhaotoreturn.5)We_____sheshoulddoherbest.
Key:1)was/isanxiousfor2)areanxiousabout3)isanxiousto4)areanxiousfor
5)areanxiousthat
beknownas;beknownfor;beknownto;beknownin
beknownas意为“作为……而著名”,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如:
LiuHuanisknownasasinger.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。
We’resureyou’llbewell-knownasanartist.我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。
beknownfor意为“因……而著名”,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如:
Guilinisknownforherbeautifulmountainsandrivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
MrGeldofiswell-knownfororganizingtwobigpopconcertsonthesameday.
盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。
beknownto“为……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的词语。“(人们都)知道”,其后接动词原形。如:
Heisknowntoallinourvillage.村子里的人都了解他。
Hewasknowntohaveinventedmanythings.=Itwasknownthathehadinventedmanythings.
人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。
beknownin意为“在某地很著名”。如:
Heiswell-knowninthetownwherehewasborn.他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。

24bemadeof/bemadein/bemadefrom/bemadeby/bemadeupofbemadeof表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)。bemadein当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物”。bemadefrom表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。bemadeby表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。bemadeupof表示“由……构成(组成)”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。用bemadein,bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadeby或bemadeupof填空。
①ThisbikeTianjin.②Thistablewood.
③Thecar1999.④Paperwood.
⑤Thekitemymother.⑥Theteamtenmembers.
wasmadein;ismadeof;wasmadein;ismadefrom;wasmadeby;ismadeupof

高中英语常见词及短语辨析(II)
.beusedfor/beusedas/beusedbybeusedfor表示“被用作……”或“被用来作……”,后面接名词或v-ing,其中for表示目的。beusedas表示“作为……而用”或“用作……”,后面接名词或动词不定式,强调使用的工具及手段。beusedby表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。
用beusedfor,beusedas或beusedby填空。①Atelephonebettercommunication(交流).②ThemotorbikeLiuMing.③Aruleroftenaknifebyhimtocutapieceofpaperopen.isusedfor;isusedby;is,usedas

26.bepleasedwith;bepleasedat(或about);bepleasedto
1)Themanager___youbefore.
2)Mybossmust___seeyouagaininHongKong.
3)I___seeingsomanystudentspresent.
4)IhearMrZhao___yourarticle.
析:①waspleasedwith。表示“对……满意;喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。②bepleasedto。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形。③ampleasedat(或about)。bepleasedat(或about)表示“对(看到或听到的)事感到高兴,”后面接指事的名词或v-ing。④ispleasedat(或about)。解析同③。

27.betodosth;beabouttodosth;begoingtodosth.
betodosth.表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,后可跟时间状语。如:
Youretohandinyourpapersby10oclock.十点钟以前你得交上试卷。
beabouttodosth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动作,它通常不与时间状语连用。如:
Iwasabouttogooutwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.我正要出去,这时有人敲门。
begoingtodosth.有三层含义:
①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。如:
WeregoingtospendourholidaysinWalesthisyear.今年我们打算到威尔士度假。
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。如:
Imgoingtobetwentynextmonth.下个月我就二十岁了。
③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。如:
Lookatthoseblackclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.瞧那些乌云,暴风雨就要来了。

28beat;strike;hitstrike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动、使……着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓,咬,或(钟)敲响”。
hit指“打中”或“对准……来打”,“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。
beat着重“连续地打击”。如:殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。
29blame;scoldblame“责备;责怪”,指某人应对自己不好的行为负责(常与for连用),或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人(常与on或upon连用),往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事,没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如:
HeblamedTomforthefailure.他责怪汤姆造成了失败。
Dontblameitonhim,butonme.别怪他,该怪我。
scold“责骂”,指唠唠叨叨地数说某人,多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如:
Dontscoldthechild.Itsnothisfault.不要责骂那孩子,这不是他的过失。
Ihatetoscold,son,butyoumustntstayoutsolateatnight.
我不喜欢斥责,孩子,可你不该呆在外面那么晚不回家。
30blowdown;blowin;blowoff;blowoverblowdown表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blowin表示“吹进”、“吹入”;blowoff表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”;blowover表示“暴风雨 吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。
[EXERCISES]
1)Thehighwindsyesterday_____thousandsoftrees.2)Wesometimeshadquarrels,buttheysoon_____.3)Ihadmyhat____bythewind.4)Alotofdust____.Youmustclearitaway.Key:1)blewdown2)blewover3)blownoff4)hasblownin

31.breakup;breakdown;breakout;breakinto;breakin;breakaway;breakthroughbreakup表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。
breakdown表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。
breakout表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。
breakinto表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断(谈话、讨论)”、“突然……起来”。
breakin表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”,其中in是副词。
breakaway表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”,常与from连用。
breakthrough表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。
[练]
①Hesaidhiscomputer_____.
②Thoseoldcarswillbe____forscrap(废铁).
③Lastnightsomebody____MrBrownshouseandtookawaymanythings.
④Afire____afterwehadgonehome.
⑤Theboyoften____whilehisparentsarespeaking.
⑥Youmust____frombadhabits.
⑦Aftertheheavyrainthesun____theclouds.
⑧Athief____andstolealotofthingslastnight.
⑨Tom____themotorbikewhichheboughtfiveyearsago.
⑩Theicebeganto____ontheriver.
(Key:①hadbrokendown②brokenup③brokeinto④brokeout⑤breaksin
⑥breakaway⑦brokethrough⑧brokein⑨brokedown⑩breakup)
bringon;bringin;bringout
bringon使发生;引起;端上(饭菜)。如:
Tomoftenbringsonmealsandhisbrother,Jimpicksupthedishesaftermeals.
汤姆常常端上饭菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆饭后收拾碗碟。
Thesuddencoldweatherbroughtonhiscoldagain.天气突然变冷,使他再次感冒。
bringin引来;引进;吸收。如:
Hisnewbusinessbringsin1,000dollars.他的新生意使他赚了一千美元。
WealsobroughtinsomewordsfromEnglish.我们也从英语中吸收了一些词汇。
bringout取出;说出;阐明;出版。如:
Hebroughtouthisgunandpointedatme.他掏出枪来指着我。
Bringoutthemeaningmoreclearly.请把意思讲清楚些。
Theyhavebroughtoutasetofchildren’sbooks.他们出版了一套儿童读物。
32bringdown;bringback;bringup;bringinbringdown表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低(价格、温度)”;bringback表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”;bringup表示“呕吐出”、“养育”;bringin表示“把......引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把......拿进来”、“吸收”。
[EXERCISES]
1)Hersinging_____memoriesofmymother.2)Theyalso____somewordsfromtheirownlanguages.3)Thewind____anumberoftrees.4)He_____allhehadeaten.5)Canyoutrytogetthemto____theprice﹖6)Alllibrarybooksmustbe____beforeJune25.7)MrWhite____$500aweek.8)Youmustmanageto_____thetemperature.Key:1)bringsback2)broughtin3)broughtdown4)broughtup5)bringdown6)broughtback7)isbringingin8)bringdown
33broad;wide两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意,但broad着重某物覆盖面的范围(如肩、背、胸等的宽),还可表示“宽宏大量”;wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。如:
Lookingatthenew-typecamera,theyoungmanwithbroadshoulderswassurprisedwithhismouthwideopen.
看着那个新型相机,那个肩宽背阔的年轻人惊奇得张大了嘴巴。
He’sabroad-mindedperson;he’llneverbedisappointedbysuchasmallfailure.
他是个心胸宽广的人;决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。

34but/however这两个连词都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分,表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系,使用最广,口语中更为常见。如:
Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.我们热爱和平,但我们并不害怕战争。
however转折意味比but弱,连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛,后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间,前后用逗号隔开,也可置于句首或句末。如:
Later,however,hedecidedtogo.可是后来他决定去了。

35byoneself;oneselfbyoneself=alone,withouthelp。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”;
oneself作同位语,表示强调本人。
试比较:
Ifyoucometomyhouse,I’llcookforyoumyself.
如果你来我家,我将亲自下厨。(强调亲手为你做饭)
Canyoucookbyyourselfnow?你现在能单独做饭了吗?(强调无他人协作)

36bysea;bytheseabysea意为“走海路;坐轮船”,其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式,by与名词间不可用冠词;bythesea意为“在海边”,其中by表示“在……旁边”,by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。如:
TheywillgotoAmericabysea.他们将坐轮船去美国。
Thereisasmallvillagebythesea.海边有个小村庄。
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语:
byship乘船byaship在一艘轮船旁边
byland从陆路bytheland在岸边(在陆地旁边)
bytaxi乘出租车bythetaxi在出租车旁边
byroad从陆路bytheroad在路边
C
37catchsb.doingsth;be(get)caughtinsth.catchsb.doingsth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如:
Thepolicemancaughttwomenfightinginthestreet.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。
Themanwascaughtstealingtheapples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。
be(get)caughtinsth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如:
Igotcaughtinthetraffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。
Iwascaughtinastormonmywaytoschool.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。
38careabout;carefor;care;caretocareabout“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如:Hedoesntcareabouthisclothes.他不讲究衣着。Idontcareaboutgoingthere.去不去那里,我无所谓。carefor“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如:Whowillcareforyourchildrenwhenyouareaway﹖你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子?HowthePartycaresforus!党是多么关心我们啊!Wouldyoucareforawalk?你愿意去散步吗?Hecaresmoreforfinenewclothesthanforanythingelse.他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。如:Idontcarewhoyouare.我不管你是谁。Idontcarewhatyousay.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。careto“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。如:Idon’tcaretogothere.我不愿意去那里。

39carryoff;carryaway;carryout表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carryoff或carryaway均可。但两者也有不同之处:carryoff可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carryaway可表示“吸引住”。如:Afterdestroyingthevillage,theenemycarriedoff/awayallthecattle.在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。Icarriedoffthefirstprize.我获得了头等奖。Wewerecarriedawaybyhersongs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。carryout的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如:Wouldyoupleasecarryoutthedeskintothegarden﹖请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗?Youmustcarryoutyourduty.你必须履行你的职责。

40carryout;carryon注意两者的区别:carryout意为“执行、实行”;carryon表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。如:
Thegroupofsoldierscarriedoutasecretmilitaryactiontheotherday.
几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。
ComradesinGermanywerecarryingonaheroicfightagainstwarunderconditionsoffascismatthattime.
那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。

41cause;reason;excusecause意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:
Idon’tknowthecauseandeffect.我不知道此事的前因后果。
Thecauseofthefirewascarelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。
reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如:
Therearemanyreasonsforanimalsdyingout.动物的绝种有许多原因。
Tellusyourreasonforchangingtheplan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。
excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如:
Toomuchworkisnoexcuseforabsence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。
Ihaven’tdonetheworkwell,myexcuseisthatIhavebeenill.我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。

42cheer/greet/welcomecheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如:Theboyscheeredtheirfootballteam.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如:Wegreetedourguestsatthegate.我们在大门口迎接客人。welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如:Wewelcomethenewideas.我们欢迎新思想。
43clearaway,clearup,clearoffclearaway表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clearup表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clearoff表示“走开”、“离开”。
[EXERCISES]
1)Wemust____suchideasamongourselves.2)She____herdeskbeforeshemovedtoanotherschool.3)Theskylooksasifitwould____soon.4)____beforeIcallthepolice.5)Hisface____whenhereadtheletter.Key:1)clearaway2)clearedup3)clearup4)Clearoff5)clearedup

44close;closelyclose,closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如:
1)Iwentcloser,andsawclearlyatallmaninthemoonlight.
2)Comeclose,Iwanttotellyousomethingimportant.
3)Thepolicemanfollowedthestrangemanclosely.
4)Thescientistsgotcloselyintouchwiththeastronauts.
45comeup;comeon;comeoutcomeup常表示位置“上升”;从水中或土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如:
Theseedshaven’tcomeup.种子还没发芽。
Yourquestioncameupatthemeeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。
comeon常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。如:
Icanfeelaheadachecomingon.我觉得头痛了。
comeout常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如:
Whenwillhernewbookcomeout﹖她的新书什么时候出版?
Theanswertothemathproblemcameoutwrong.这道数学题的结果错了。

46complete;finishfinish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:
Haveyoufinishedyourwork﹖你的工作完成了吗?
Hefinishedwritingtheletterlastnight.这封信他是昨晚完成的。
complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:
He’snevercompletedaprojectontime.他从未按时完成过计划。
Thebridgeisnotcompletedyet.这座桥至今尚未完工。
表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。例如:
Hefinishedschoolin1991.他1991年从学校毕业。
Thewood-workisbeautifullyfinished.这件木器做得很精细。
注意:completeabook的意思是“写完一本书”;finishabook意为“看完一本书”。
47commonordinarygeneral都含“普通的”意思。
common强调“常见的”、“不足为奇的”,
如:Coldsarecommoninwinter.感冒在冬天很常见。
ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,
如:Hisordinarysupperconsistsofonlybreadandmilk.他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,
如:Thisbookisintendedforthegeneralreader,notforthespecialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。
normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
如:thenormaltemperatureofthehumanbody人的正常体温
48compare…with;compar…to;comparedwith/to
compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。
如:Comparethiscarwiththatone,andyouwillfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.
把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。
compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:
Thissongcomparesourcountrytoabigfamily.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。
compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以comparewith…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:
Livingherecan’tcomparewithlivinginShanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。
Ifyoucomparethetwowords,youcantellthedifferencebetweenthem.
如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。
comparedwith…和comparedto…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:
Comparedto/withhim,youarelucky.与他相比,你是幸运的。
Itwasasmalltownthen,comparedto/withwhatitisnow.和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。

49cover;interview两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如:Reportersarethensenttocovertheevents.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。Heinterviewedfivepeopleinthemorning.他上午采访了五个人。

50country;nation;state;land
country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。如:
Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。
注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。如:
Aftermanyyearsabroad,hewantedtoreturntohiscountry.在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。
Somepartsofthiscountry(land)aremuchwarmerthanothers.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。
nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如:
Thewholenationwasindeepsorrowatthisnews.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。
注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。如:
theUnitedNations(UN)联合国thelawofnations国际公法
amostfavorednation最惠国
Tradebetweennationsismuchbetterthanwar.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。
state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。如:
Inourcountry,railwaysarestate-owned.在我国铁路为国家所有。
land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如:
Thisismynativeland.I’lldefenditwithmylife!这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她!
cross;across;crossing
cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。如:
Theyarecrossingtheriver.他们正在过河。
Theideahasjustcrossedmymind.这个主意是我刚才想到的。
cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。
across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。如:
Theypushedthecartacrossthebridge.他们推着车过桥。
Thepostofficeisacrossthestreet.邮局在街道对面。
crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。如:
Theyarestandingatacrossing.他们正站在十字路口。

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