2010高考二轮复习英语考案:非谓语动词和独立主格结构
1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?
A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating
2.Howlongdidyouspend____yournewhouseyesterday?
A.todecorateB.decorateC.decoratingD.decorated
3.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.
A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had
4.----Lily,keepthewindow____.Thesandstormhasn’tstoppedyet.----OK,I’lldothat.
A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened
5.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
6.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.
A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played
7.Thescientistsuggested____theexperimentinadifferentway.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
8.--DoyouoftenhearJohn___inhisroom?--Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim___inhisroom.
A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing
9.Theheadmaster’swordsarequite_____.
A.encouragedB.encouragementC.encouragingD.encourage
10.Whynot____?
A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome
C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome
11.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.
A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork
12.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?
A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made
13.Hestoodtherefortwohours____thegame.
A.watchedB.watchingC.iswatchingD.waswatching
14.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.
A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout
C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout
15.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.
A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned
16.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?
A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith
17.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.
A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat
18.--Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?
--ThisSunday?Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.
A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone
19.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
20.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.
A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate
21.--Excuseme,sir.Lookatthesignonthewall“NO____”.
--Oh,I’msorry.I’llneverdoitagain.
A.PARKEDB.SMOKEC.SPITTINGD.SMOKED
22.----Boysandgirls,willyouplease____theparkthisafternoon?----OK.
A.notcleaningoutB.nottocleanoutC.tocleanupD.cleanup
23.Doyoupractice______Englisheverymorning?
A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.spoken
24.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom____theearthaway.
A.blowB.blowingC.blewD.toblow
25.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.
A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest
26.Mysisterusedtobefondof____tabletennis.
A.playB.playedC.playingD.toplay
27.Howabout____?
A.togooutforawalkB.goswimmingintheriver
C.visitingthesickchildreninthehospitalD.tohavinglunchintherestaurant
28.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.
A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry
29.Haveyoudecided____?
A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo
30.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.
A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin
31.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.
A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds
32.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?
A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon
C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith
33.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.
A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave
34.Jennyisinterestedin____inherfreetime.
A.listenedtotheradioB.readingmagazines
C.watchTVD.playstennis
35.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
36.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?
A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect
37.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.
A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork
38.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.
A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing
39.Sheis____withhermotherthisafternoon.
A.goingtoshoppingB.goingshoppingC.goingtobeshoppingD.gotoshop
40.Theresultofthegameis____.
A.frustrateB.frustratingC.frustratedD.frustrates
41.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.
A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven
42.Herbrotherwas____atherwords.
A.annoyB.annoyingC.annoyedD.beingannoying
43.Aftertheearthquake,almostallthewindowsare____.
A.breakB.brokeC.brokenD.breaking
44.Theyarelookingforwardto____allovertheworld.
A.travelB.traveledC.travelingD.betraveled
45.Wouldyoumind____becausethere’resomanychildren____here?
A.smoke;playB.smoking;playing
C.notsmoking;playD.notsmoking;playing
46.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.
A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning
C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean
47.____Englishismucheasierthanspeakingit.
A.ReadB.ToreadC.ReadingD.Reads
48.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
49.Whenhewasintheoffice,hepreferred____something____nothing.
A.todo;thandoB.todo;ratherthan
C.doing;ratherthandoingD.doing;todoing
50.It’stoohottoday.Whynot____yourcoat?
A.takenoffB.totakeoffC.takeoffD.takingoff
51.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatch_____.
A.torepairbicyclesB.bicyclestoberepaired
C.bicyclesbeingrepairedD.repairingbicycles
52.---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;being
C.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
53.Thedog,_____,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.
A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperly
C.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly
54._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
55.___thefrontdoor___,hehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.
A.Seen;paintedB.Seeing;painted
C.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted
56.Andthere,almost_____inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.
A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost
57.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
58.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
59.Theoldfarmer,_____thebadlyinjuredandburntsoldier,cameoutoftheburningfarmhouse,callingcontinuouslyforhelp.
A.supportingB.havingsupported
C.beingsupportedbyD.beingsupported
60.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.
A.itmarkedB.markingC.markedD.tomark
61.Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacar_____inapoolbythesideoftheroad.
A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick
62.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_____theproblem_____.
A.tosolve;beingtalkedaboutB.solving;discussing
C.tosolve;totalkaboutD.solving;beingdiscussed
63.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
64.Thethieffelltotheground,hisleftfoot_____andblood_____downfromhismouth.
A.breaking;runningB.broken;running
C.breaking;runD.broken;run
65.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes_____onthescreen.
A.tofixB.tobefixedC.fixedD.fixing
66.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.
A.havingheardB.tohearC.hearingD.beingheard
67._____,thesubjectwasalwaysinmymind.
A.WalkingorsleepingB.Walkingorslept
C.HavingwalkedorsleptD.Towalkandsleep
68.---Didyougetadictionary?
---No,I_____,buttherewerenotany_____.
A.tried;tobeleftB.hadtriedto;leaving
C.triedto;leftD.hadtried;haveleft
69.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself_____onachair,withhishands_____back.
A.tosit;tyingB.sitting;tying
C.seating;tiedD.seated;tied
70.ThejoketoldbyTommadeus_____,sotheteachercouldn’tmakehimself_____.
A.tolaugh;hearingB.laughing;heard
C.laughing;hearD.laughed;heard
71.Alloftheflowersnow_____herehavedevelopedfromthoseonce_____intheforest.
A.raised;grownB.rising;growing
C.raised;growingD.rising;grown
72.Henrycan’tattendtheparty_____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_____atMarie’shousetomorrow.
A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheld
C.tobeheld;heldD.beingheld;tobeheld
73.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
74.Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_____andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.
A.typed;sendB.totype;tosendC.type;sendD.typed;tosend
75.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythingthere_____morebeautiful.
A.making;lookB.tomake;looked
C.andmade;lookingD.andmaking;belooked
76.Howcouldhegettheplan_____withoutanyonetosupporthim?
A.tocarryoutB.carryoutC.carryingoutD.carriedout
77.Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.
A.beingfullyacceptingB.fullyaccepting
C.havingfullyacceptedD.fullyaccepted
78.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_____offhermind.
A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken
79.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____thepossiblemistakesinit.
A.beingcorrectedB.tocorrectC.correctedD.havingcorrected
80._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
A.WedidnotmakeB.Havingnotmade
C.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade
81.Weshouldpreventsuchasillymistake_____again.
A.occurringB.tooccurC.tobeoccurredD.frombeingoccurred
82.Iregret_____hardatschool,orIwouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.
A.nottoworkB.havingnotworked
C.tohavenotworkedD.nothavingworked
83.Theylookedforwardwithhope_____achancetoreceivefurthereducation.
A.forgettingB.ofgettingC.togetD.togetting
84.“Well,I’lltellyouasecret...”saidtheboy,withhismouthalmost_____myear.
A.touchedB.touchingC.touchD.totouch
85.Towardsevening,thepatientopenedhismouthasif_____somethingtohisson.
A.saidB.sayC.tosayD.tohavesaid
86.---Wouldyoube_____lendmeyourbicycle?
---Sure.
A.sokindastoB.kindenoughasto
C.verykindtoD.sokindto
87.Thebeachissobeautifulthatitisworthwhile,Ithink,_____forashortholiday.
A.ofgoingB.tobegoingC.yourgoingD.youtogo
88.Theteacheraskedmore_____topreventthestudents’eyesfrombeinginjured.
A.todoB.done C.tobedoneD.beingdone
89.SomeoftheschoolsinShanghaihavemovedonestepcloserto_____withtheglobaleducationcommunity.
A.beingconnectedB.connect
C.havingconnectedD.beconnected
90.Theperformanceofthehost,_____topleasetheaudienceanddrawtheirattention,wasgreetedwithacoldsilence,however.
A.hadintendedB.intendedC.beingintendedD.tointend
91._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
92.The18-storeyedbuilding,when_____,willshutoutthesun_____uptheroomsinmyhouse.
A.completed;lightedB.completing;lighting
C.completing;lightedD.completed;lighting
93.---IhearWarren_____inamiddleschool.
---What?Ican’timaginehim_____asateacher.
A.teaches;workingB.teaches;work
C.teach;toworkD.teach;working
94.____he’sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.
A.ConsideredB.Considering
C.HavingconsideredD.Toconsider
95.Itwas_____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.
A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed
96.Atnotimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,forsheisalwaystoobusy_____agoodrest.
A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.taken
97._____asthemostexcellentstudentinheruniversity,asmostclassmateshadexpected,madeherparentsveryhappy.
A.MarywaschosenB.Marychosen
C.MarybeingchosenD.Mary’sbeingchosen
98._____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____todeath.
A.Seeing;frightenedB.Seeing;frightening
C.Seen;frightenD.Tosee;frightening
99.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
100.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolving theproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
101.Theweather___fine,theydecidedtogooutforawalk.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.being
102.Thecompositiongivenbytheteacher___,AlicewenttowatchTV.
A.beingdonewellB.hasbeendonewell
C.havingdonewellD.donewell
103.Thelastplane___,theyhadtostayinthehotelforanothernight.
A.leftB.havingleftC.havingbeenleftD.beleaving
104.Itisabeautifulvillagewithamountain____it.
A.SurroundedB.surroundingC.havingsurroundedD.havingbeensurrounded
105.Everything___intoconsideration,hisworkiswelldone.
A.takingB.takenC.hasbeentakenD.beingtaken
106.Allhiswork___,helefthisofficeatease.
A.finishedB.hadbeenfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish
107.Thepowerstationwasbuiltontheriverwithourvillageandsomeothers___withelectricity.
A.tosupplyB.suppliedC.supplyingD.havingsupplied
108.____fiveminutes____beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.
A.Therebeing;togoB.Itwas;left
C.Ithad;leftD.Therewas;togo
109.Christmas____,thefamilywasfullofexcitement.
A.wasthenonlydaysawayB.werethenonlydaysaway
C.thenonlydaysawayD.havingbeenthenonlydaysaway
110.Theyfirstreachanagreementonthebasicprinciple,thedetails____later
A.toworkitoutB.havingbeenworkedout
C.tobeworkedoutD.beingworkedout
111.Thepurse_____,theywenttothepolice.
A.notyetfoundB.hasn’tbeenfound
C.beingnotfoundD.nothavingyetfound
112.Theysatintheroomwiththecurtains_____.
A.drawingB.havingbeendrawn
C.drawnD.beingdrawn
113.Cars_____,theywerepunishedbythepolice.
A.parkingillegallyB.parkedillegally
C.beingparkedillegallyD.havingparkedillegally
114.Mr.Smithstoodbesidethewindow,hisattention____thecaroutside.
A.focusonB.focusinguponC.focusedonD.beenfocusedon
115.There____,weleft.
A.beingnothingelsetodoB.isnothingelsetodo
C.wasnothingelsetodoD.havingnothingelsetodo
参考答案
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(精品推荐)高考二轮复习英语学案--专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构
1.(08北京)____thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshedlikethatlittledollonherbed.
A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen
A非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。
2.(08全国卷I)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood____.
A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed
B在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good,light,heavy,difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。此处为特殊情况。
3.(08北京)----Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?
----Yes.But____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.
A.tofindB.findC.tobefindingD.finding
A非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。
4.(09湖南)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
D考查动词不定时的用法。句意为:现在人们有时把他们的废物分开,以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作,而且是被动的。故选D。
5.(09江西)_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.
A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given
D考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主语they即theseteenagersoccerplayers与give之间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if也可省,所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……
6.(09江西)Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.
A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced
B考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰newlaws,相当于whichforces……...
7.(09海南)Thechildrenallturned_____thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.
A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat
B。句意为:当那位著名的女演员走进了教室,所有的孩子都转过头去看她。
turnto表示“转向,求助”的意思。
8.(09海南)Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?
A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake
C。考查with+宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定?take与thedecisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动
9.(09山东)Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
A考查非谓语动词的用法,由nextmonth可知时间是在将来,party是被举行,故选A。
10(09陕西)IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.
A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken
D考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语,而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时,可以用v-ing形式,v-ing表示的动作已经完成,也可用动词不定式,表示的动作还未发生,根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成,且与逻辑主语是被动关系,用v-ing的被动式,选D。
11.(09福建)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.
A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded
B考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。
12.(09福建)InApril,,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.
A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked
A考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,其后有宾语,故与逻辑主语是主动关系,且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行,用现在分词,选A。
13.(09湖南)Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.
A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen
D考查非谓语动词。动词不定时的用法。句意为:当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。
14.(09湖南)9.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.
A.living;wonderingB.lived;wondering
C.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered
A考查分词的用法。句意为:29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker,and为并列连词,连接相同的成份。
依据非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。可以采用非谓语动词和独立主格结构的“五步骤”做题法;即非谓语动词的“五步骤”做题法:1.牢记核心意义;2.分析句子成分;3.寻找逻辑主语;4.了解时间关系;5.分析特殊情况。独立主格结构的“五步骤”:1.认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念;2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能;3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别;4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能;5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。当然并非每道题都要全面考虑以上"五步骤"有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词和独立主格结构的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____it,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.
A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
2._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.
A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring
C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring
3.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
4.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputC.toputD.putting
5._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.
A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing
6.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.
A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquickly
C.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly
7.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising
8.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.
A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscovered
C.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered
9.——Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?
——Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.
A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;beingC.changing;beingD.changing;tobe
10.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolvingtheproblemwhenyoung.
A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoing
11.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.
A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared
12.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。
A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
13.Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.
A.permitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting
14.Thespeech______alivelydiscussionstarted.
A.beingdeliveredB.wasdelivered
C.bedeliveredD.havingbeendelivered
15.______,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidly
thanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.
A.OtherthingsbeingequalB.Wereotherthingsequal
C.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingstobeequal
16.Allthings______,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.consideredB.beconsideredC.consideringD.havingconsidere
参考答案:
1.Dhappentohavedonesth为不定式的完成时,表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
2.Ctiredandoutofbreath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事
3.B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
4.Dcatchsbdoingsth表示发觉或当场捉住sb在做一件事情。
5.A从动作发生的时间来看,应是先偷钻石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。
6.C题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
7.Badvertise意为“为……登广告”。madeinthisfactory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。
8.A用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
9.Dconsider作“考虑”解时,后常接-ing形式(短语)作宾语;作“认为”解时,后常接含有名词、形容词或tobe的复合结构。
10B由whenyoung可知此处应该用不定式的完成式,表示此动作发生在谓语动作之前。
11.C由固定短语be(well)preparedfor可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
12.D.with+名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.13.B.本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号,且we小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许,表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
14.D句意:演讲完后,开始了热烈的讨论。把握前后主语不一致,动作发生在之前,故选答案为D.
15.A句意:在其它条件相同的情况下,表达好的人肯定要比语言能力差的人更快地取得成功,前后的主语不一致,故选答案A.
16.A考虑了方方面面之后,原来计划好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主语不一致,故答案为A。
非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。独立主格结构相对来说考查较少,但经常放在with复合结构中考查;同学们要想掌握他们的用法,轻松备战高考,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词和独立主格结构基本、特殊用法以及解题“五步骤”,具体内容如下:
一.非谓语动词“五步骤”
1.牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够,动词ing形式表主动或进行,过去分词表被动或完
2.分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3.寻找逻辑主语,把握,前后主语一致性和主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
5.分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。
二.独立主格结构的“五步骤”
1.认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。
最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构,它的作用相当于状语。
2.认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能。
我们清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
3.从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同,分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语,独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
4.全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
要将复合句或并列句改成简单句时,应注意:要根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同情况改写句子,当复合句或并列句的主语一致时,适合改成分词作状语;当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时,适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
5.熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面掌握独立主格结构。
有时将并列句或复合句改成简单句时,应注意:原句中含有be动词时,一律改成being形式,being后面为非名词时being可忽略。
独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外,还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构,即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构,可用作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语或时间状语。
1.____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.
A.TothrowB.ThrownC.ThrowingD.Beingthrowing
2.____inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.
A.TowalkB.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked
3.IheartheyvepromotedTom,buthedidntmention____whenwetalkedonthephone.
A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromoted
C.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted
4.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed____assoonaspossible.
A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending
5.____aroundtheWaterCube,wewrethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.
A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.toshow
6.Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks____fortheresultsoftheexperiment
A.waitB.tobewaitingC.waitedD.waiting
7.____toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.
A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed
8.Itisoneofthefunniestthings____ontheInternetsofarthisyear.
A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found
9.____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.
A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
10.----Canthose____atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?
-----Noproblem.
A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat
11.Hewasbusywritingastory,only_____onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.
A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped
12.Pleaseremain______;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.
A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated
13.----theyarequiet,arentthey?
----yes.Theyareaccustomed______atmeal.
A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking
14.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______asmuchaswecan.
A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak
15.Lucysnewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade_____intherestaurant.
A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked
16.Thesoldierfellasleep________.
A.withthecandleburningB.burningthecandle
C.whenhewasburningthecandleD.whenburningthecandle
17.________,theTiananmenSquarelooksmorebeautiful.
A.BeingonB.Whenbeingon
C.WithallthelightsonD.Whenitturnsonallthelights
18.____thenotice,hehadanidea.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
19.______thenotice,anideacametohismind.
A.WhenhewaswatchingB.WatchingC.WhenwatchingD.alltheabove
参考答案:1-5CBBAC6-10DDDCC11-15BBDCA16-19ACDA
非谓语动词
1.不定式的时态和语态;
2.不定式的功能:不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能;
3.不定式的省略;
4.不定式的否定形式;
5.不定式的搭配形式;
6.独立主格结构;
7.v-ing分词名词性功能;
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能;
9.v-ing分词副词性功能;
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别;
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别;
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别;
I.概述
1.基本形式的变化:
不定式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式todotobedone
进行式tobedoing
完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuilt
Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态)
Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态)
Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式)
Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态)
Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态)
v-ing形式:
时态主动态被动态
一般式doingbeingdone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone
注意:不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime)
Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.)
I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态)
(=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.)
Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态)
现在分词
Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态)
Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态)
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态)
Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态)
2.所做成分
项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语
动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△
动名词△△△△
不定式△△△△△△
过去分词△△△△
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语。
Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.
Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后:
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,
manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。
Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。
Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。
Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语(常置于名词之后)。
由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,
intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something)
Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool.
Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
Ihavenodesiretotravel.
You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere.
注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.
Ifoundnoonetoplaywith.
④作状语
Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的)
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果)
Hetriedonlytofail.(结果没有成功)
Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:
able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,
frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,
thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc.
Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。
I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto.
⑤作独立副词成分。
Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude.
⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。
Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注意:
①在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,
understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。
Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
②不定式的复合结构
由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。
Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。
It’skindofyoutosayso.
It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!
你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
③不带to的动词不定式
▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,
hear,watch等。
Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态:Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition.
Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,
donothingbut等。
I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain.
Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词,则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接
带to的动词不定式。
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。
Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.
Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook.
▲在why,whynot结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
Whyarguewithhim?
Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去?
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower.
②作补语、表语
Seeingisbelieving.
Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
建议冒险去献身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto
忍受期待不停顿:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop
放弃延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish
注意原谅避反对:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto
考虑要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp
允许习惯不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind
值得开始想动名:beworth,setabout,imagine
Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河
Hiswifedoesntallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom.
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。
Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
Imlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Beingillforafewdays,shedoesntfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西
另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻
辑上的动宾关系)。
Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)
⑤作定语
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池
Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法
⑥作同位语
Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.
注意:
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如:
Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?
Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.
Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth.
Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。
Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。
Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。
▲Itis+useless+doingsth.
Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。
▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。
Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.)
Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.)
▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的”
OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=Ourfamilymakeitaruletogotochurchevery
Sunday.)
▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临,将要…”
Hewasonthepointofleaving.
▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…”
Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏)
Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
havedifficulty(in)+doingsth
havetrouble(in)+doingsth
havefun(in)+doingsth/
haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth
▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词
Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?
Idontfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent
home.)
Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家
Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend.
(=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.)
Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯
注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。
②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。
Thestoryisboring.
Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语)
③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。
Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(时间)
Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因)
Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因)
Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(条件)
Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(条件)
Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(结果)
Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴随)
注意:分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这
种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.
Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits
Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.
②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.
③某些固定结构
generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断
Franklyspeaking,Idontlikehimatall.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,shellbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的
注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。
Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄
Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲
III.非谓语动词比较
1.做主语和宾语时的比较
一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。
Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩
Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室
Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimtodaybecauseIdontfeelwell.
注意下列重点内容:
①begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式
Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.
Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong.
②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意
A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义
PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime.
Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore.
Dontforgettowritetomesoon.
Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime.
Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔)
Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice.
IregrettosayIcanttakeyouradvice.(遗憾=besorry)
B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要……
meandoing:意味着,就是
IamsorryIdidntmeantohurtyourfeelings,
Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy.
Learningaforeignlanguagedoesntmeanjustworkinginclass.
C.stop:stoptodo停下来,要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语)
Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest.
Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest.
D.try:trytodo,努力,试图干……
trydoing:试着干……
Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey.
Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob.
Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself.
Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain.
E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。
Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter).
Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).
F.goon:goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语)
Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory.
Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems.
G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。
Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitoneshealth.(放弃)
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃)
Shedoesntallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许)
H.beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了……
consider…tobe认为是……
considerdoing考虑做某事
I.be(get)usedtodoing习惯于……
beusedtodo被用来做……
J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做……
can’thelptodo不能帮助做……
2.做宾补时的比较
不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。
WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.
IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom.
Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong.
IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow.
Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain.
TomorrowIllhavemyhaircut.
WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready.
Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged.
3.做表语时的比较
不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容,且可以和主语颠倒,意思仍然通顺,回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别,分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态,不能和主语颠倒,可以回答how的问题。
Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.)
Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.)
Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?)
Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk.
Thedoorislockednow.
Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays.
4.做定语时的比较
不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。
aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming
theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboilingdrinkingwater=waterfordrinking
TodayIhavealettertowrite.Pleasefindamantohelpus.
ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.练习你的口语
IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.
ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的
Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.
Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.
5.做状语时的比较
不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语,且多放在句末;分词
可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。分词用于godoing结构中作目的状语。
①目的状语:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder,soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。
TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays.
Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport.
Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats.
②时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。
Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere.
Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.
Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination.
Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.
Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed.
Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.
Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.
Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.当请他作演讲时
Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康复
③原因状语:不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。
Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell.
Imverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.让你久等了
Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide.
Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium.
Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldntbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于没有钱
Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldntpossiblyleaverightaway.
Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears.
④条件状语:通常用分词来表示,相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。
Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice.
United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall.
Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.
⑤结果状语从句:不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto,such+名词+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。
Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.
Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob.
Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors.
Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy.
Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath.
Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt.
⑥让步状语:通常由过去分词来表示,而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。
Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely.
Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
⑦伴随或方式状语:分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。
Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish.
Shecamerunningtowardsus.
Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing.
Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren.
Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought.
IV.关于therebe的非谓语形式
therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语
1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如:
Wedontwanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。
Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。
Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我们并不反对在这里开会。
2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但若置于介词for之后要用theretobe
Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语)
It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语)
Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry.
因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.
Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.
老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。
Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.
校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。
1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?
—Ithinkheisaman_________.
A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith
2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen.
A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped
3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden.
A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof
4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday.
—______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes.
A.RemindingB.Reminded
C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded
5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory.
A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell
6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
7.OnAugust12,TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages
___________.
A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging
8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted
9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer.
A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished
C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished
10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot.
A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking
11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.
A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound
12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky.
A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed
13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats.
A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon
C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon
14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign.
A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed
15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly.
A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying
16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空舱)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe
earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower.
A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit.
A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching
18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered
aboutit.
A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen
C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing
19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break.
A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing
20.Thelatestsurvey,_________by,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots.
A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout
21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits.
A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing
22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork.
A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied
23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld.
A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost
24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.
—Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago.
A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.”
A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting
26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas.
—No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.
A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen
27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined
28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises.
A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout
29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent.
A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied
30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.
A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching
31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree.
A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt
33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife.
A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou.
A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring
35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.
A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave
36.Ireallycantunderstand_________herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks.
A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat
38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheads
bentovertheirbooks.
A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing
39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam.
A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest
40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepop
singer.
A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling
1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC
21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD
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