直接引语转换为间接引语的关键――时态
在我们平时的考试中对直接引语的考查主要体现在对时态、语态、交际等各种具体语法项目的考察上,并已形成了在具体的语境和交际中综合考查语法基本知识的模式。一般来讲,说话人讲的内容可以用两种方式来引用,即直接引语和间接引语。前者是直接引用别人的原话;后者是转述别人的话。如:Hesaid,"Iamveryhappy."为直接引语。而Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.为间接引语。said称为引话动词,它前面的主语he称为第一主语。引语中的主语,如I及he,称为第二主语。引语中的谓语动词称为第二动词。当直接引语转换为间接引语时,可能会涉及到动词、时态、人称、句型等的变化,现在就时态在转换中需要注意的问题向大家做一介绍。
直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的变化。一般规律是:现在时改为过去时;过去时改为完成时;过去完成时不变。如:
Shesaid,"IhadbeenhereforthreedaysbeforeImetJim."→ShesaidshehadbeenthereforthreedaysbeforeshemetJim.
Shesaid,"Weagreewitheachother."→Shesaidtheyagreedwitheachother.
但更要注意在以下几种情况下,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
1)若直接引语为一般现在时,且表示反复出现或经常性、习惯性的动作时。如:
Tomsaid,“Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.”
→Tomsaidthathehaslunchatschooleveryday.
2)直接引语中有具体的表示过去时间的年、月、日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
Isaid,"IwasbornonDecember2l,1960."→
IsaidIwasbornonDecember21,1960.
3)若直接引语所表述的事在目前和说话时同样有效时。如:
Shesaid,“Ilikeplayingfootball.”
→Shesaidthatshelikesplayingfootball.
4)若直接引语表述的是客观事实、科学真理和格言时。如:
Theoldmansaid,“Therearetwelvemonthsayear.”
→Theoldmansaidthattherearetwelvemonthsayear.
5)若主句的时态是一般现在时、现在完成式、现在进行时或一般将来时时。如:
Heoftensays,“Iwillneverforgetyou.”→Heoftensayshewillneverforgetme.
Hewillsay,“Ihavedonemybest.”→Hewillsaythathehasdonehisbest.
6)若直接引语是过去完成时。如:
Thegirlsaidtohermother,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”
→Thegirltoldhermotherthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforesupper.
7)若在当天转述别人的话,且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。如:
Lilysaidtome,“Iwaslateforclassyesterday.”
→Lilytoldmethatshewaslateforclassyesterday.
8)若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如:
Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”
→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.
9)若对刚说过的话马上转述时。如:
Jim:Ihavebeenateacher.
Lucy:WhatdidJimsay?
Tom:Jimsaidthathehasbeenateacher.
10)若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式,变为间接引语时,时态不再变化。如:
Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”
→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.
1.Hesaidthat________atsixeverymorning.
A.hegotupB.hegetsupC.IgetupD.Igotup
2.MissLisaysthatshe________inBeijinginOctober,1980.
A.isbornB.hasbeenbornC.wasbornD.beingborn
3.Shesaidthatpractice_____perfectknowledge.
A.makesB.madeC.hasbeenmadeD.hasmade
4.Shesays,"Iwillrememberyou."→Shesaysthat________.
A.shewillremembermeB.Iwouldrememberyou
C.sheremembersmeD.Iwillrememberyou
5.Mr.ZhangsaidthatLiuTao________goodstudent.
A.wasaB.isaC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
6.Hesaid,"TheyhadleftwhenIgothere."→Hesaidthatthey________whenhegotthere.
A.haveleftB.hadleftC.leftD.wasleaving
7.MyteachersaidI______forschoolwhenIwasyoung.
A.usedtobelaterB.usedtobeinglateC.hadusedtobelateD.usedtobelate
8.Shesaidthattheplane________at9:20a.m.
A.willtakeoffB.takesoffC.wouldtakeoffD.tookoff
9.Heissayingtomethat________.
A.hewaswatchingTVwhenshecamein
B.hehadbeenwatchedTVwhenshecamein
C.IwaswatchingTVwhenshewascomingin
D.IwatchedTVwhenshecamein
10.Hesaidwherethereisawill,thereisaway.
A.wherethereisawill,thereisaway
B.wheretherewasawill,therewasaway
C.wheretherehasbeenawill,therehasbeenaway
D.wheretherehaveawill,therehaveawill
Keys:1-5BCAAB6-10BDBAA
经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够在教学期间跟着互动起来,帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“高考英语第二轮专题复习关于疑问句的直接与间接引语”,欢迎您参考,希望对您有所助益!
关于疑问句的直接与间接引语
英语中,将直接引语变为间接引语时要注意时态问题、语序问题、人称变化等。如何将疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语呢?
一、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变成间接引语时,用连词whether或if引导引语部分作宾语从句。如:
1)Theteacheraskedme,"Areyouthemonitor?"
Theteacheraskedmeif/whetherIwasthemonitor.老师问我是否是班长。
2)"Doyouwantmetohelpyou?"sheaskedme.
SheaskedifIwantedhertohelpme.她问我是否要她帮忙。
二、直接引语如果是选择疑问句,变成间接引语时,一般用whether引导。如:
3)Motheraskedme,"Doyoulikethedressortheskirt?"
MotheraskedmewhetherIlikedthedressortheskirt.妈妈问我是喜欢套装还是喜欢裙子。
4)LiMingaskedTom,"Areyougoingtobuythedictionaryorthemagazine?"
LiMingaskedTomwhetherhewasgoingtobuythedictionaryorthemagazine.李明问汤姆他是要买词典还是要买杂志。
三、直接引语如果是反意疑问句,变成间接引语时,可以用if或whether引导。如果主句中的谓语动词是said,要改为asked,没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me,him或us等。如:
5)"TheRedStaroverChinaisapopularbook,isntit?"shesaid.
Sheasked(me)if/whetherTheRedStaroverChinawasapopularbook.她问我《红星照中国》是否是一本很流行的书。
6)"YouaregoodatEnglishsongs,areyou?"theteachersaidtoHangLijuan.
TheteacheraskedHangLijuanif/whethershewasgoodatEnglishsongs.老师问杭黎鹃是否擅长英文歌曲。
四、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,仍用原特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。除特殊疑问词作主语外,都要将疑问语序改为陈述语序。如:
7)"Whatareyoutalkingabout?"LiHaiaskedthem.
LiHaiaskedthemwhattheyweretalkingabout.李海问他们正在谈论什么。
8)"WheredidyougolastFriday?"sheaskedme.
SheaskedmewhereIhadgonetheFridaybefore.她问我上星期五去哪儿了。
注意:1)引语如果是客观事实或自然规律,则时态不变。如:
9)XiaoMingaskedtheteacher,"Doestheearthgoroundthesun?"
XiaoMingaskedtheteacherwhether/iftheearthgoesroundthesun.小明问老师地球是不是绕着太阳转。
注意:2)如果直接引语中有情态动词must,则无论表示引语的动词为何种时态,must都不变。如:
10)"MustIreallygoawaynow?"sheaskedme.
Sheaskedmewhether/ifshereallymustgoawaythen.她问我是否她真的要走开。
巩固练习:(选择正确的答案)
1.Thebiologyteacherasked,"Dotheleavescomeoutinspringorinsummer?"将此句转换成间接引语:
Thebiologyteacheraskedwhethertheleaves________inspringorinsummer.
A.comeoutB.cameoutC.shouldcomeoutD.wouldcomeout
2.Maryasked,"ShallIdothat?"Thissentencemeans________.
A.Maryaskedthatshewoulddothat
B.Maryaskedthatsheshoulddothat
C.Maryaskedwhethersheshoulddothat
D.Maryhopedthatshewoulddothat
3.Themanasked,"IsthereanythingelseIcando?"将此句转换成间接引语:
A.Themanaskedwasthereanythingelsehecando.
B.Themanaskedtherewasanythingelsehecoulddo.
C.ThemanaskediftherewasanythingelseIcoulddo.
D.Themanaskedwhethertherewasanythingelsehecoulddo.
4.Theteacherasked,"Whereareyougoing,John?"将此句转换成间接引语:
A.TheteacheraskedwherewasJohngoing.
B.TheteacheraskedhimwhereJohnwasgoing.
C.TheteacheraskedJohnwherewashegoing.
D.TheteacheraskedJohnwherehewasgoing.
Key:
1-4ACDD
俗话说,居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。高中教师要准备好教案,这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,帮助授课经验少的高中教师教学。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?急您所急,小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“高考英语第二轮写作专题复习”,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
山东省惠民二中高三英语复习之写作学案(十)
高三英语山东惠民县第二中学高三英语备课组
强化专练
动词+宾语+宾补(n./adj./adv./-ing/-ed/todo)
一填空
1.Wethepopsinger.我们希望这位歌手成功。
2.Hemehimafter10o’clock.他叫我十点后别给他打电话。
3.Herfatherherdrawingafterschool.他父亲让他放学后学画画。
4.WhenIcamein,Ihimaletter.我进来时,发现他正在写信。
5.HespokesimpleEnglishinordertohimself.为了让他自己被理解他说简单的英语。
6.Mybikeisbroken,I’llittomorrow.我的自行车坏了,我明天去修。
7.Weworkhardtoourcountry.我们努力工作是为了使我们国家更强。
二翻译句子
1这个消息使她高兴。
2她叫我把窗户打开。
3我们选这位年轻人当我们经理。
4我们认为数学不容易学。
5我认为本月内完成这项工作有困难。
6。我的自行车坏了,我要请人修。
7我发觉有许多人站在学校大门口。
8我的朋友鼓励我学好英语。
9.老板让工人们一天工作12小时。
10.我们进去时发现他被绑在椅子上。(find)
11.做游戏时,有些孩子闭上眼睛。(keep)
12.我们选刘雷当主席。
13.他昨天理了发。
高级句子结构
利用以下各招可给句子添色,让句子靓起来。
1.使用强调句。
用do,does,did强调一般时态的谓语动词;用itis...that...强调谓语之外的各种句子成分。
2.使用倒装句。
OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用这种方法我们才可以学好英语。
3.使用with的复合结构。如:
Withthenoisegoingon,Icouldn’tgoonstudying.由于那噪音的持续,我无法继续学习。
4.使用非谓语动词。
Locatedatthesouthwestcornerofourschool,thebotanicalgardenhasanareaof1000squaremetres.校园西南角/面积1000平方米。
5.恰当使用被动句。
Aboveall,somethingmustbedonetostoppolluting.最重要的是,必须釆取某些措施来阻止污染。
6.使用各类从句,如使用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
There’remanykindsofteainChina,ofwhichLongjingTeaisfamousallovertheworld.中国的茶叶有很多种,其中龙井茶是世界著名的。
7.“数词+名词”改用“asmanyas+数词+名词”。
Agreatnumberofbuildingsweredestroyed,leavingasmanyas10,000,000peoplehomeless.请多房屋被摧毁,使多达千万的人失去家园。
8.使用what引导的主语从句。
Whatsurprisedmegreatlywastofindshewassuchafineswimmer.使我大为吃惊的是,我发现她竟是一位优秀的游泳选手。
9.适当使用插入语。如Iguess,Ithink,Ibelieve,however,inmyopinion,inotherwords,thatistosay,generallyspeaking,believeitornot,totellyouthetruth,tobehonest,asweknow,what’sworse等。
即时练习
使用上述润色技巧,合并或改写下列句子。
1.IrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishwhenIenteredseniorhighschool.(强调句)
2.Wecanliveahappylifeonlybythismeans.(倒装)
3.Hefellasleep.Thelightswerestillon.(with结构)
4.WhenIheardthat,Iwasmuchmoved.(非谓语动词)
5.Theycarriedoutasurveyamong260students.(被动语态)
6.Theywerefacedwithmanyproblems.Theydidn’tloseheart.(非谓语动词)
7.Itwasgettingdark.Anditbegantorain.(插入语)
词汇讲义
I押韵题型(押头韵、押尾韵);
答案总在相似中,如果有三个一样,基本上就在其中了。
54.Therainwasheavyand_A_thelandwasflooded.
AconsequentlyBcontinuouslyCconstantlyDconsistently
continuev.继续,连续;continuallyadv.不断地,频繁地(时断时续地);continuouslyadv.连续不断地。
说不停的咳嗽时,continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽,continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。
consequentlyadv.因此,所以;(heavyrain大雨,lightrain小雨)
constantlyadv.始终如一地,连续发生地;constanttemperature恒温
consistentlyadv.一贯地,一致地;consistentadj.consistentpolicy一贯的政策。
36.Ihatepeoplewho_C_theendofafilmthatyouhaventseenbefore.
AreviseBrewriteCrevealDreverse
rewritev.重写,改写;revisevt.修改,修正;revealvt.揭示,揭露;
reversevt.颠倒,使反转,使反向。(vers是词根,表示转动;re是前缀,表示向相反方向)
42.Therewerenotickets_D_forFriday’sperformance.
ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable
performancen.表演,演出,演奏;performvt.possibleadj.可能的
动词后加able构成形容词通常表示“可…的”read-readableaccept-acceptable
considervt.考虑;considerableadj.(数量或尺寸)相当大(或多)的。
preferableadj.更好的,更可取的;
Povertyispreferabletopoorhealth.
贫穷总比不健康好。
available*adj.可获得的,可利用的,可支配的。(重点词)
33.Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal_D_forlivingexpenses.
AacceptableBapplicableCadvisableDavailable
livingexpenses生活费;
acceptableadj.可接受的;applyvt.申请,应用;
applicableadj.可应用的,适当的,合适的;
anapplicablerule切实可行的规则。asolutionthatisapplicabletotheproblem适合于这个问题的解决方法。
advisevt.建议;advicen.建议;advisableadj.明智的,可取的。
54.Itisour_A_policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.
AconsistentBcontinuousCconsiderateDcontinual
achieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans通过和平手段取得统一;consistentpolicy一贯政策
65.InBritain,thebestseasonoftheyearisprobably_A_spring.
AlateBlastClatterDlater
lateadj.晚的,晚于通常时间的;latespring晚春、暮春;lastadj.最后的,最终的;
lateradj.更晚的(late的比较级)、时间概念后一半的;只适用于表示某个世纪的后半期;
Thelatertwentiethcentury.二十世纪的后一半。
latteradj.(两者中)后者的;formeradj.(两者中)前者的;
59.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderful_B_inthemarket.
AbatteriesBbargainsCbasketsDbarrels
batteryn.电池;bargainn.特价商品;It’sreallyabargain.你真会买东西,不是说真便宜。
basketn.篮子;barreln.桶;wonderfulbargain物美价廉的商品;bargainv.讨价还价;
53.Rememberthatcustomersdon’t_D_aboutpricesinthatcity.
AdebateBconsultCdisputeDbargain
II构词法题型(词的转化,合成,派生);
构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。(见下面2个例题)
31.Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplotthe_B_moviecouldnotholdourattention.
Athree-hoursBthree-hourCthree-hours’Dthree-hour’s
用连字号构成的形容词中的名词一般不用复数形式。
Athree-dayjourney=athreedays’journey
Atwo-hourmeeting=atwohours’meeting
都是“不管,尽管,任凭”
despite和inspiteof后面都接名词性成分如名词、动名词、名词性从句用法基本一致但他们后面接句子一般用despite/inspiteofthefactthat的结构that后是同位语从句这样比较正式
Englishbecametheofficiallanguageinspiteof/despitethefactthatthepopulationislargelychinese.
267.ProfessorWhitewrotea_C_reportyesterday.
Atwo-thousand-wordsBtwo-thousands-word
Ctwo-thousand-wordDtwo-thousands-words
56._B_hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.
ADislikeBUnlikeCAlikeDLiking
likevt.喜欢;dislikevt.不喜欢,厌恶;unlikeprep.不象…;
alikeadj.adv.同样的(地),相象的(地);Thetwinsaresoalike.
likingn.爱好,嗜好
III近义词含义比较;
44.Thereweresome_A_flowersonthetable.
AartificialBunnaturalCfalseDunreal
unrealadj.不真实的(不是真实世界所拥有的,虚幻的);
falseadj.具有欺骗性的,假的,伪造的;falsepassport/evidence,falseteeth
unnaturaladj.不自然的,经常用来修饰人的行为举止,表示做作的,矫揉造作的。
artificialadj.人造人为的artificialleg假肢artificialleather人造皮genuineleather真皮
54.Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itis_C_whichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.
AlazinessBpovertyCidlenessDinability
lazinessn.懒惰;povertyn.贫穷;pooradj.贫穷的;
idlenessn.无事可做(中性,有时也有贬义含义);inabilityn.没有能力,没有办法。
IV搭配关系问题;
extentn.程度;to...extent到达…程度,在…程度之上;extent只能和to搭配。
Toacertainextent,Iamresponsibleforthedelay.
在一定程度上,我对拖延负有责任。
objectvi.反对;object+to+动名词(动词的ing形式)。
Peopleobjecttosmoking.
越来越多的人反对吸烟。
objectionn.反对;objection+to+动名词(动词的ing形式)。
Thereisnoobjectiontoyouropeningthewindow.http:///
你开窗没有什么不可以的。
V形相近,意相远;
-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------
41.Thebridgewasnamed_A_theherowhogavehislifeforthecauseofthepeople.
AafterBwithCbyDfrom
cause事业;benamedafter以…的名字命名;
42.Therewerenotickets_D_forFriday’sperformance.
ApreferableBconsiderableCpossibleDavailable
preferableadj.更好的,更可取的;
358._C_theRevolutionaryWar,theUnitedStateswasanEnglishcolony.
AInferiortoBSuperiortoCPriortoDPreferableto
具有比较意味的形容词只要与介词to搭配即可表示其比较级。super-表示在…上方,超过…
inferioradj.低于…的,劣于…的;superioradj.高于…的,优于…的;prioradj.在…之前的
RevolutionaryWar特指美国独立战争;secondadj.第二的(含有比较意味,也与to搭配)
30.Cancerissecondonly_B_heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
AofBtoCwithDfrom
besecondto仅次于
Heissecondtonone.首屈一指,无与伦比;
43.Itwasntsuchagooddinner_C_shehadpromisedus.
AthatBwhichCasDwhat
such…that…如此…以至于…;
59.Americanwomenwere_D_therighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.[therighttovote选举权]
AignoredBneglectedCrefusedDdenied
sb+be+___+sth空格处应为能加双宾语的动词;
denyv.否认,拒绝;denysbsth拒绝给予某人某物;
refuse表示拒绝时强调主观的意愿,deny表示“拒绝”时相对客观,是客观条件的限制,使得拒绝。
一些特殊的动词:
第一点:forget忘记;[反义]remember记得;
这两个词后加动词不定式表示将要进行的行为;这两个词后加动词ing形式表示已经做过的事情。
注意:动名词与现在分词形式一样,但含义不同。这两个词后加动词ing形式都是动名词。
forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事;forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事;
remembertodosth.记得要去做某事;rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事;
62.Iremember_B_tohelpusifweevergotintotrouble.
AonceofferingBhimonceofferingChimtoofferDtoofferhim
offervt.提出,提供;offersb.sth./offertodosth.
himonceoffering如果改成hisonceoffering也正确。
动名词的复合结构:凡是一个动词的后面可以加动名词,就可以加动名词的复合结构。
动作发出者+动名词;当动作发出者名字给出时:名词所有格+动名词;当动名词的复合结构在文章中出现,且动作发出者在前文中提过时:形容词物主代词(宾格)+动名词。
形容词物主代词:his,her,my,your,their,our。代词宾格:him,her,me,you,us,them。
第二点:want想要;wanttodosth.想做某事;wantdoing客观需要或缺乏。
48.Yourhairwants_B_.Youdbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.
AcutBcuttingCtocutDbeingcut
注意:wantdoing中doing表示的是被动含义。
18.Thisroomissodirtythatitwants_A_.
AcleaningBtocleanCbeingcleanedDcleaned
第三点:mean意味;meantodosth.打算做某事,意欲…;meandoing意味着,…的意思是…
25.TheresamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans_B_trouble.[receptiondesk接待台]
AmakingBtomakeCtohavemadeDhavingmade
-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------
55.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_D_.
AtoerectBbeerectedCerectingDbeingerected
watch看电视用,看比赛用;see看电影用;
感官动词watch,see,hear;感官动词+名词(代词)+do
beerected强调的是动作的结果;beingerected强调的是动作的过程。
56.Theengine_D_smokeandsteam.
AgivesupBgivesinCgivesawayDgivesoff
giveup放弃;givein屈服,让步;giveoff释放,放出(烟和气体);
giveaway泄露,走漏风声;婚礼中新郎的父亲把新娘的手交给新郎的过程;赠送礼品。
57.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_C_ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.
AtobeinformedBoninformingCinformedDinforming
keepsb.+分词;informv.通知,告知;informsb.ofsth.通知某人某件事情
keepmeinformed使我被告知。
61.Ishouldliketorentahouse,modern,comfortableand_B_inaquietneighborhood.
AallinallBaboveallCafterallDoverall
allinall总而言之;aboveall首先,尤其是;afterall毕竟,终究;overall全面的,总体的
inaword总之,inshort简而言之,inconclusion最后,总之,tosumup总之,总而言之。
62._B_wehavefinishedthecourse,weshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.
AFornowBNowthatCEversinceDBynow
nowthat既然,由于(相当于since);eversince自从…以来。
与that搭配且后面可以加句子的几个表达形式:
nowthat既然,由于;inthat因为;exceptthat除…之外。
except后面加名词或代词;exceptthat后面加句子。
63.Whatyouhavedoneis_D_thedoctor’sorders.
AattachedtoBresponsibletoCresistanttoDcontraryto
beattachedto连接,附属;ThisschoolisattachedtoBeida.这所学校附属于北大。
responsibleto对…负有责任;resistantadj.反抗的,抵抗的;waterresistant防水的。
becontraryto与..相反(相违背)。
64.Johnregretted_A_tothemeetinglastweek.
AnotgoingBnottogoCnothavingbeengoingDnottobegoing
regretdoing后悔做过某事;regrettodosth.遗憾的做某事(应用语境非常有限)。
63.Weregrettoinformyouthatthematerialsyouorderedare_B_.
AoutofworkBoutofstockCoutofreachDoutofpractice
outofwork失业;outofreach够不着withinreach够得着;outofpractice缺乏练习。
65.They_C_inspiteoftheextremelydifficultconditions.
AcarriedoutBcarriedoffCcarriedonDcarriedforward
inspiteof尽管;carryon坚持,继续。
66.Mrs.Brownissupposed_A_forItalylastweek.
AtohaveleftBtobeleavingCtoleaveDtohavebeenleft
besupposedtodosth.应该(理应)做某事。
37.He’swatchingTV?He’s_D_tobecleaninghisroom.
AknownBconsideredCregardedDsupposed
regardas把…认作
55.Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded_A_27%.
AbyBforCtoDin
69.Childrenwhoareover-protectedbytheirparentsmaybecome_C_.
AhurtBdamagedCspoiledDharmed
spoilvt.宠坏,溺爱
70.WhenMr.Jonesgetsold,hewill_B_overhisbusinesstohisson.
AtakeBhandCthinkDget
takeover接管接收;handover移交,交出;thinkover仔细考虑;getover克服,战胜。
45.Weareinterestedintheweatherbecauseit_B_ussodirectlywhatwewear,whatwedo,andevenhowwefeel.
AbenefitsBaffectsCguidesDeffects
affectvt.影响;effectn.影响。
46.Willallthose_D_theproposalraisetheirhands?
AinrelationtoBincontrasttoCinexcessofDinfavorof
inrelationto与…相比;incontrastto与…形成对照;
inexcessof超过,超出(一定的限定范围);infavorof赞同,支持。
47.Childrenareverycurious_D_.
AatheartBinpersonConpurposeDbynature
atheart在心理,在内心;heart强调的是内心的感情,mind强调的是思维,头脑,soul灵魂
inperson亲自,本人;onpurpose有意的,故意的;bynature生性(天性)使然。
48.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers_A_amatchwithoutastandardcourt.
AobjectedtohavingBwereobjectedtohave
CobjectedtohaveDwereobjectedtohaving
49.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit_C_inclass.
AsmokeBtosmokeCsmokingDtohaveasmoke
permitv.允许,准许;permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事;permitdoing允许做某事。
22.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou_A_youneed.
AalltheinformationBalltheinformations
CallofinformationDalloftheinformations
27.Ihavenoobjection_B_yourstoryagain.[objectto+动名词]
AtohearBtohearingCtohavingheardDtohaveheard
28.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshis_B_orsocialposition.
AcuriosityBstatusCdeterminationDsignificance
curiosity好奇心;determination决心,决定
statusn.身份,地位;significancen.意义,重要性;
29.Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave_D_opportunitytochangehismind.
AaccurateBurgentCexcessiveDadequate
accurateadj.精确的;urgentadj.紧急的,紧迫的;excessiveadj.过多的,过度的;
adequateadj.充足的,足够的。
33.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,_A_overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
whose指代的就是他前面的maledrinkers.
35.Ididntknowtheword.Ihadto_C_adictionary.
AlookoutBmakeoutCrefertoDgoover
lookup查阅;lookupawordinadictionary在字典中查单词;
makeout辨认出,搞明白
referto提及,涉及referencen.参考书目;referenceroom资料室;
38.IthinkIwasatschool,_A_IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.[orelse否则,要不然]
AorelseBandthenCorsoDevenso
39.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems_A_towardsbrightstudents.
ApartialBbeneficialCpreferableDliable
partialadj.偏袒的,偏爱的(经常与to或towards搭配)
44.Everybody_A_inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.
AassembledBaccumulatedCpiledDjoined
assembled聚集;accumulate堆积,集聚pile堆起,堆叠
secretary书记。
50.TheBritishconstitutionis_B_alargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.[无论是在空格前还是后,如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]
AwithinBtoCbyDat
toalargeextent在很大程度上。
Constitution宪法
50.IlikewatchingTV_C_tothecinema.
AmorethantogoBthangoingCmorethangoingDratherthantogo
than除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配,不会单独出现;ratherthan+动词原形;
平行结构,遇到平行结构时应做的两步:
1找出连接词,2使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
51.Iappreciate_D_toyourhome.
AtobeinvitedBtohaveinvitedChavinginvitedDbeinginvited
appreciate+动名词(不能加动词原形,不能加句子)。
41.Iwouldappreciate_B_itasecret.
AyoutokeepByourkeepingCthatyoukeepDthatyouwillkeep
yourkeeping动名词的复合结构。youkeeping也是正确的。
52.Ihopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessinto_C_whenjudgingmyexamination.
AregardBcountingCaccountDobservation
takesth.intoaccount考虑。
54.Importantpeopledon’toftenhavemuchfreetimeastheirwork_C_alltheirtime.
AtakeawayBtakeoverCtakeup[占据]Dtakein
56.Manypeoplecomplainoftherapid_C_ofmodernlife.
ArateBspeedCpaceDgrowth
pace节奏;rapidpaceofmodernlife现在生活快节奏。
58.Thespeaker,_D_forhersplendidspeeches,waswarmlyreceivedbytheaudience.
AhavingknownBbeingknownCknowingDknown
know没有现在分词;know用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配:of,about。
knownfor以…而著名。
60.Icouldn’tfind_A_,andsoItookthisone.
AalargeenoughcoatBanenoughlargecoat
CalargecoatenoughDacoatenoughlarge
enough修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
62.Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill_C_weallsatdowntorest.
AwhenBthenCthanDuntil
nosooner…than一…就…
64.Hemovedawayfromhisparents,andmissedthem_A_enjoytheexcitinglifeinNewYork.[too…to,太…而不能…]
AtoomuchtoBenoughtoCverymuchtoDmuchsoasto
66.Thelasttimewehadafamilyreunionwas_B_mybrothersweddingceremonyfouryearsago.
AinBatCduringDover
ceremonyn.典礼,仪式。要表达在某典礼(仪式)上用介词at。
atthegraduationceremony在毕业典礼上。
68._D_theadvancesofscience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.[despiteprep.尽管;asfor关于,至于]
AAsforBBesidesCExceptDDespite
41.Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy_C_forherexamination.
AtoprepareBtobepreparedCpreparingDbeingprepared
bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事
42.Fiveminutesearlier,_A_wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.
AandBbutCorDanorder
and在这里表示一种结果,翻译成“那么(和)”。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译:
1.省略句+and+句子;2.祈使句+and+句子。
46.Mr.Wilsonsaidthathedidnotwantto_A_anyfurtherresponsibilities.
AtakeonBgetonCputupDlookup
takeon承担;takeonresponsibility承担责任。
48.Wedesirethatthetourleader_A_usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.
AinformBinformsCinformedDhasinformed
desirev.要求,表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形。
其他同样用法的词还有ask,demand,request,require.
50.Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime_A_theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.
AbeforeBuntilCsinceDwhen
It+系动词+一段时间+before引导的句子在…之前花费多少时间。
54.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_D_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.
AsinceBwhenCafterDbefore
51.Intheexperimentwekeptawatchfuleye_D_thedevelopmentsandrecordedeverydetail.[keepawatchfuleyeon密切主意,留神]
AinBatCforDon
52.Thereslittlechancethatmankindwould_D_anuclearwar.
AretainBendureCmaintainDsurvive
retainvt.保持,保留;endurev.忍受;maintainvt.维持,保持,坚持认为;
survivevi.生存;vt.活过…(宾语为某种灾难)。surviveaflood活过一场洪水。
前缀sur表示过…,外,超;vive表示生活,强调活着。
54.Theyusuallyhavelessmoneyattheendofthemonththan_C_atthebeginning.
AwhichisBwhichwasCtheyhaveDitis
less…than句子前后要平衡结构。
55.Inthecourseofadaystudentsdofarmorethanjust_A_classes.
AattendBattendedCtoattendDattending
farmorethan远远多于,远不止于;也要句子前后平衡结构。
56.TheFrenchpianist[n.钢琴师]whohadbeenpraisedveryhighly_C_tobeagreatdisappointment.
AturnedupBturnedinCturnedoutDturneddown
turnup后面不加宾语表示出现,后面加宾语表示将声音调高,调大;
turnin+宾语上缴,交出;turndown将声音调低,调小;拒绝;
refusesb.指直接的回绝;turnsb.down则指委婉的拒绝;
turnout+动词不定式最终证明是,结果是。
57.Manydifficultieshave_B_asaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.
ArisenBarisenCraisedDarrived
因本句未加宾语,估不应选不及物动词,可排除C项;arrivevi.到达,抵达;
risevi.升起,升高(侧重指旗帜或太阳升起);数量的增高(侧重指水位、价位);
thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest太阳东升西落。
arisevi.升起,升高,出现,发生(经常与抽象名词联用)。
33.Lastyeartheadvertisingrate_D_by20percent.
AraisedBarousedCaroseDrose
58.Hemadesucha_D_contributiontotheuniversitythattheyarenamingoneofthenewbuildingsafterhim.
AgenuineBminimumCmodestDgenerous
nameafter以…的名字来命名。genuineadj.真正的,货真价实的;genuineleather真皮;
minimumadj.最低的,最小的;modestadj.谦虚谨慎的,适度的;
generousadj.慷慨的,慷慨大方的(修饰贡献等用这个)。
60.Intheadvancedcoursestudentsmusttakeperformancetestsatmonthly_B_.
AgapsBintervalsClengthDdistance
intervaln.间隔(即可指空间间隔,也可指时间间隔),四级考试中专考时间间隔的概念。
interval是固定与介词at搭配的。
61.Mr.Johnsonpreferred_A_heavierworktodo.
AtobegivenBtobegivingCtohavegivenDhavinggiven
65.Sheis_C_amusicianthanherbrother.
AmuchofBmuchasCmoreofDmoreas
beof具有某种性质、品质或特点;
66.Havingbeenfoundguilty,themanwasgivenasevere_B_bythejudge.
AserviceBsentenceCcrimeDcrisis
sentencen.判决,判刑;crisisn.危机;economiccrisis经济危机;
42.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist_B_,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.
AattentionBattractionCappointmentDarrangement
touristattraction旅游胜地;attentionn.注意力;appointmentn.委任的职位,约会;
daten.日期,约会,枣;表示约会时指的是异性之间的私人约会。arrangementn.布置,安排
blinddate两人第一次见面的约会。appointment指公事性质的,比较正式的约会。
43.Idontmind_B_thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.
AyoutodelaymakingByourdelayingmaking
CyourdelayingtomakeDyoudelaytomake
mind后要加动名词;delayv.耽搁,延误(后面也要加动名词)
47.Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmen_B_comfortably.
AiswornBwearsCwearingDareworn
当wear表穿戴时,而句子的主语是被穿戴的东西时,wear是不及物动词,没有被动语态。
65.Thecomingoftherailwaysinthe1830s_A_oursocietyandeconomiclife.
AtransformedBtransportedCtransferredDtransmitted
字根trans在四级中着重考的含义是“从一个地方到另一个地方”。
transform改革,变革,改变;transport运输;transfer转移,移动;
transmit传送,播送;疾病的传染,传播;transplant移植。
48.Somediseasesare_D_bycertainwateranimals.
AtransplantedBtransformedCtransportedDtransmitted
50.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders_B_willhappentoherprivatelife.[wonder后面要加疑问词]
AthatBwhatCitDthis
52.Mikesuncleinsists_D_inthishotel.
AstayingnotBnottostayCthathewouldnotstayDthathenotstay
insist的两种用法:1insiston…坚持,坚决要求;
2insist+that引导的从句(从句谓语动词为[should]+动词原形)
57.Heis_A_abouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.
AoptimisticBoptionalCoutstandingDobvious
optimisticadj.乐观的;pessimisticadj.悲观的;beoptimisticabout对…持乐观态度。
optionaladj.随意的,任选的,非强制性的;optionalcourses选修课;
outstandingadj.卓越的,杰出的;obviousadj.明显的。
59.Thedirectorwascritical_C_thewayweweredoingthework.
AatBinCofDwith
becriticalof对...爱挑剔的,批评。
61._D_sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.
ANosooneritgrewdarkthanBHardlydiditgrowdarkthat
CScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanDItwasnotuntildarkthat
nosooner在句首时句子要用部分倒装;hardly要与when搭配;scarcely也要与when搭配。
62.InBritainpeople_C_fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.
AswallowBdisposeCconsumeDexhaust
swallow吞,咽;dispose去掉,处理,安排;consume消费,消耗;consumer消费者;
exhaust将资源消耗殆尽;如果与人在一个句子中搭配则表示使人精疲力竭。
34.Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto_A_thecolorofhisskin.[regardlessof不管,不顾]
AregardlessofBinthelightofCbyvirtueofDwiththeexceptionof
38.Theoldcoupledecidedto_C_aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.
AadaptBbringCadoptDreceive
39.Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingto_D_betterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.
AraiseBincreaseCheightenDpromote
promotebetterunderstanding增进理解。
46.Whenhearrived,hefound_C_theagedandthesickathome.
AnothingbutBnoneotherCnonebutDnootherthan
形容词前加the表示一类人。nonebut只有,仅有。
52.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequire_D_him.
AforBfromCtoDof
requiresth.ofsb.要求某人做某事。
54.Johnseemsniceperson._C_,Idonttrusthim.
AEventhoughBThereforeCEvensoDThough
evenso即便如此,尽管如此。
60.BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,he_A_hisopinion.
AstucktoBstroveforCstuckatDstoodfor
beconvincedof深信,确信;stickto坚持;strivefor力求,拼命争取。
Don’tstriveforperfection.不要凡是都力求达到完美状态。
48.It’snouse_B_menottoworry.
AyoutellByourtellingCforyoutohavetoldDhavingtold
Itsnouse+动名词。动名词的复合结构,宾格(形容词性物主代词)+动名词。
60.Weobject_C_punishingawholegroupforoneperson’sfault.
AagainstBaboutCtoDfor
23.Ahealthylifeisfrequentlythoughttobe_D_withtheopencountrysideandhomegrownfood.
AtiedBboundCinvolvedDassociated
beinvolvedwith牵涉,卷入;beassociatedwith与...相关,联系起来。
homegrownfood自家种的食品;wine葡萄酒;housewine自家的酒。
2
29.AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautiful_D_throughthewindow.
AvisionBlookCpictureDview
viewn.景色,风景,视野,视域。
30.Cancerissecondonly_B_heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.
AofBtoCwithDfrom
具有比较意味的形容词都要与介词to搭配。
32.Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan_A_totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.[inhisabsence在某人不在场的情况下]
AcountonBcountinCcountupDcountout
presencen.到场,出席;inone’spresence在某人在场的情况下。
counton=dependon指望,依靠,依赖;countup算出总数;
countin把…算在内;countout把...排除在外。
35.Theytook_D_measurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescaping.
AfruitfulBbeneficialCvalidDeffective
takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施。validadj.有效的,成立的。
43.Itisquitenecessaryforaqualifiedteachertohavegoodmannersand_A_knowledge.
AextensiveBexpansiveCintensiveDexpensive
extensiveadj.范围广大的,广博的;extensiveknowledge知识渊博。
expansiveadj.扩张的,面积广阔的;expensiveadj.昂贵的,高价的。
46.Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily_B_muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.
AtakeoverBresultinCholdonDkeepto
notnecessarily未必;interestsn.利益。takeover接管,接收;
resultin导致,结果是;holdon坚持,挺住;keepto坚持,遵守。
226.Scientistshavetoworkhardtokeep_____withmoderndiscoveriesanddevelopments.
A.company
B.track
C.touch
D.pace
[答案]D.pace.
[注释]keeppacewith跟上:1)Thishorseistooweaktokeeppacewiththeothers.2)Icanthelppacewithyourplan.
Keepintouchwith与......保持联系;了解(情况);1)Peoplecankeepintouchwitheachotherevenwhentheydoleave.2)Ifinditverydifficulttokeepintouchwithalltherecentdevelopmentsinmysubject.(我觉得很难了解我的科目当前的一切新发展。)
Keepcompany(with)与......相好:Neverkeepcompanywithdishonestpersons.(千万不要和不诚实的人来往。)
Keeptrackof通晓事态,了解动向:Ifinditdifficulttokeeptrackofmyoldfriends.(我很难了解我的老朋友的情况。)keeptrackof的反义结构是losetrackof(失去联系)。
以上成语均为考试大纲规定的内容,考生务必熟记。
196.Nooneimaginedthattheapparently_____businessmanwasreallyacriminal.
A.respectful
B.respectable
C.respective
D.respected
[答案]B.respectable.
[注释]respectable受到尊敬的。详见117.注释。
本题译文:没有一个想象到这个看起来令人尊敬的商人竟是一个罪犯。
Ihavebeenlookingforthisbookformonths,and_____Ihavefoundit.
A.atleast
B.innotime
C.atlast
D.atpresent
[答案]C.atlast.
[注释]atlast(=intheend)最终;atleast至少;innotime立即,马上;atpresent目前。
Itwasthelargestexperimentwehadeverhad;it_____sixhours.
A.ended
B.finished
C.prolonged
D.lasted
[答案]D.lasted.
[注释]lastvi.(for)持续。
People_____withanyonewhoisalwaystalkingabouthowwonderfulheis.
A.fallin
B.getfedup
C.keepcompany
D.catchup
[答案]B.getfedup.
[注释]get(be)fedupwith(=havinghadtoomuchofsomething;attheendofyourpatience;disgusted;bored;tired)讨厌;Ihavehadenoughofhiscomplaints.Imfedup.(=IhaveheardallofthecomplaintsIcanstand.)
fallinwith符合,与......一致。参阅III.51注释。Keepcompanywith与......交往,结伴;catchupwith赶上。
Thepresidenthastoldhisfriendsthatheissickbutwillnotadmitit_____.
A.inprivate
B.insecret
C.inpublic
D.indetail
[答案]C.inpublic.
[注释]inpublic公开地,当众;inprivate私下;insecret秘密地;indetail详细地。
Themanagersaidthattheyhadan_____planiftheplantheyhadsubmittedwasnotaccepted.
A.alternate
B.alternative
C.absolute
D.appreciable
答案]B.alternative.
[注释]alternative可提供选择的,两者挑一的:alternate交替的:1)Therewasnoalternativerouteopentoher.(在她面前没有另外可供选择的路线。)2)FrenchandEnglisharenotalternativecourses;butmaybetakeninthesameyear.(语法和英语并不是交替开设的课程;而可以在同一年里选修。)
Japanhastoemployanincreasingnumberofoverseasworkersbecausethereisnoeasysolutiontoitslabor_____.
A.decline
B.rarity
C.vacancy
D.shortage
[答案]D.shortage.
[注释]labourshortage劳动力短缺。Decline下降。rarity稀少。vacancy空缺,未占用.
Mariaisa_____personandnevermakesanyunreasonabledemands.
A.sensitive
B.sensible
C.obedient
D.jealous
[答案]B.sensible
[注释]sensible通情达理的;sensitive敏感的;obedient顺从的;jealous妒忌的,猜疑的,警惕的;
Alice_____herfatherthatbothsheandherhusbandwouldbehappyifhewouldlivewiththem.
A.convinced
B.reinforced
C.pledged
D.required
[答案]A.convince
[注释]convincesb.+that从句意为“使……相信,说服……”。reinforce加强,增强。
pledge发誓,保证.
Thestorehadnomoreredshoes_____,soMarychosebrownonesinstead.
A.indemand
B.instore
C.inneed
D.instock
[答案]D.instock.
[注释]instock(=havingsth.readytoselloruse;inpresentsupply)有现货供应:Theshophassugerinstock.(这个商店有白糖供应.)indemand(=needed;wanted;)有需求:Thebookaboutdogswasmuchindemandinthelibrary.(=Manypeoplewantedtoreadthebookaboutdogsthatinthelibrary.)inneed(=inpoverty,introuble)在贫困中,在困难中:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed。(Afriendwhohelpswhenoneisintroubleisarealfriend.)instore(=savedupincaseofneed;readyforuseforsomepurpose)储备待用:于Iftheelectricitygoesoff,wehavecandlesinthecloset.(=Wehavecandlesputawayifweneedthemforlight.)(如果电灯灭了,我们壁橱里还备有蜡烛.)
[注意]instock强调商店备有现货以供出售,而instore则指储备物品以供急需使用。此外instore还可以表示“等待着,必将发生”。例如:Ihaveasurpriseinstoreforyou.(我有一个你料想不到的消息要告诉你。)
本题译文:这家商店没有红鞋供应,所以玛丽买了一双宗色的鞋.
Hegavemesomevery_____adviceonbuyingahouse.
A.precious
B.worthy
C.precise
D.valuable
[答案]D.valuable.
[注释]valuable宝贵的,有价值的,常可修饰advice,suggestion,assistance,discovery等名词。precious“贵重的”如:preciousmetals(贵金属),preciousstone(宝石)。
Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;SoIlltellyouaboutit_____.
A.indetail
B.inbrief
C.inshort
D.inall
[答案]B.inbrief.
[注释]inbrief(=inafewwords)简短地(作状语),例如:Hetoldmeinbriefwhathadhappened.(他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。)此处inbrief等于briefly。此处,inbrief(=inaword,inshort)简言之(作插入语)1)Itisalongletter,butinbrief,hesays"No".(这是一封长信,但简言之,他说“不”。)2)Johnissmart,polite,andwell-behaved.Inbrief,heisadmirable.此句中inbrief意为inaword或inshort.inshort作插入语,其意思是inaword(总之)。Indetail详细地。Inall总计,总共:Thereare20inall.
Idliketotake_____ofthisopportunitytothankyouallforyourcooperation.
A.profit
B.benefit
C.advantage
D.interests
[答案]C.advantage.
[注释]takeadvantageof(=makeuseofsth.foronesownbenefit)利用:takeadvantageofmyignorance(利用我的无知)。
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