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高考语法专题:定语从句

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高考语法专题:定语从句
考纲新研读
考查的重点是介词+关系代词which,whom引导的定语从句;非限制性定语从句也时有考查。
1.限制性定语从句
句子作定语,由关系代词和关系副词引导,被修饰部
分叫先行词。
(1)关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
that,指人或物:
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Thefinger(that)Iputintomymouthwasnottheone
(that)I
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物:
Achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.(作宾语)
who,whom,whose,指人,分别做主语、宾语和定语:
Themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
Who’stheman(whom)youjusttalkedto?
Thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介词后指人用whom,指物用which。
介词可提前,也可在后;在后时可用who,that,也可省略:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=Thisistheroom
(which/that)welivedinlastyear.
Who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?=Who’sthe
man(who/whom/that)youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介词不能提前:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(2)关系副词:when,where,why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点
和原因状语。
when,指时间:
Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.
比较:IstillrememberthedaythatIspentinBeijing.
where,指地点:
Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.
比较:ThisisthehousethatIboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因:在“reason”后:
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比较:Thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.
(3)thesame...as;such...as引导的定语从句:
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
Youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
Thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
(4)定语从句典例:
LiHuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
(who指boys)
李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。
LiHuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
(who指one)
李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。
Isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
(变为陈述句后,is移到building之后。)
Isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
(变为陈述句后,is移到this之后。)
Whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
(为避免重复,用that不用who)
(5)定语从句应注意的几点:
A.that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别:
Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
(that引导的是定语从句,that作宾语,可省略。)
ThefactthattheChineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
(that引导的是同位语从句,that不作成分,不能省略,句子
介绍的是fact的具体内容。)
B.用that不用which:两者都可表物,大部分情况可通用,但下
列情况例外:
先行词为all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等:
Allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
先行词被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first,second,
last或形容词的最高级修饰时:
That’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.
先行词既有人也有物时:
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons(that)
theyrememberedintheschool.
C.用which不用that:指物,在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句:
I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.
Thatwastheway(inwhich)shelookedafterus.
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,而非限制性定语从句
只是附加说明,如果去掉,主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从
句用逗号与主句隔开,由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引导:
Hisbrother,whoisaPLAman,wrotetohim.(只有一个哥哥)
HisbrotherwhoisaPLAmanwrotetohim.(不只一个哥哥)
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
We’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
Hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比较:“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。”
Hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
(非限制性定语从句)
Hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.(并列句)
另外,as和which引导非限制性定语从句,可代替整个句子,as指熟知的内容,引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾;而which指没想到的事情或客观事实,且只能在句尾。比较:
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.
Theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
Heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
Sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
(1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,修饰物时用which不用that,
修饰人时用whom不用who。例如:
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
Who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
(2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如:
Isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
(3)既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如:
Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
Lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
Alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.Aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.[年高考天津卷]
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
2.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.[年高考全国卷Ⅱ]
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
C
A
3.Wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.[2008年高考上海卷]
A.whichB.whose
C.inwhichD.withwhich
4.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythat
C.inthewayD.thewaywhich
5.Anyway,thatevening,__________I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which
6.GeorgeOrwell,__________wasEricArthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
C
A
D
D
7.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
A.whototurntoB.shecanturnto
C.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn
8.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthat
C.fromwhichD.afterwhich
9.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
10.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontoBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
B
D
A
A
精题新探究
__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
2.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________Ihaveeverseen.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.which
3.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
A.inwhichB.forwhich
C.withwhichD.ofwhom
4.Children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
A.which;thatB.whose;which
C.which;whichD.whose;that
C
B
D
B
5.Atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,China’sLiuXiangbecame
thefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
OlympicGames.
A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It
7.Idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butIamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
8.Whenshecamebackfromabroad,Lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
A.thatB.whoC.whereD.which
D
C
A
A
9.Becauseofthetrafficjam__________Iwascaught,Iwaslatefor
themeeting.
A.bywhichB.inwhich
C.thatD.where
10.Inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose
11.Onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheInternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
A.inwhichB.onwhich
C.whenD.that
12.Canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
A.asB.whereC.whyD.which
B
D
D
B
13.Alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
A.fromthereB.where
C.fromwhereD.there
14.Shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
A.whichB.heC.itD.while
15.JackieRobinsonWilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
A.afterwhomB.which
C.aswhoD.that
C
A
A<m.jab88.COM/p>

相关知识

高考英语语法专题复习定语从句


每个老师需要在上课前弄好自己的教案课件,到写教案课件的时候了。教案课件工作计划写好了之后,才能使接下来的工作更加有序!你们到底知道多少优秀的教案课件呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考英语语法专题复习定语从句》,希望能对您有所帮助,请收藏。

Unit7TheSea

语法剖析
关系副词引导的定语从句;引导词前有介词的定语从句
1.观察下列句子:?
TheplacewhereIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.我去去的地方是泰山。?
IrememberthedayswhenIstayedinThailand.我还记得在泰国的那些日子。?
ThereasonwhyJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.杰克之所以那么高兴是因为他通过了考试。?
我们已经学习了用关系代词that,which,who/whom引导的定语从句。回忆一下规则,我们可以判断,以上的三个句子不可以用这几个关系代词引导。因为,关系代词要在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,而这几个句子中,定语从句部分均不缺这两种成分,所以,应该使用关系副词where,when和why。显然,where的先行词应该是表示地点的名词或代词,when的先行词是表示时间的名词或代词;而why的先行词应该是表示原因的名词reason。
2.我们对上面的三个句子作些改变:?
TheplacetowhichIwentlastsummeristheMountainTai.?
IrememberthedaysinwhichIstayedinThailand.?
ThereasonforwhichJackissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.?
可以看出,上面的三个句子都需要代词来引导,并作介词的宾语。所以,我们要用关系代词which或that。但是,that是不能跟在介词之后引导定语从句的。因此,这三个句子都用which来作引导词。
3.介词放在关系代词之前的注意事项:?
(1)有的介词是定语从句中词组的固定搭配拆开的结果,即用什么介词由从句中的动词决定。如:?
Heistheboywho/whomIwastalkingto.他是我刚才与之交谈的男孩。?
→HeistheboytowhomIwastalking.?
(2)有的介词是根据句意添加上去的,即用什么介词由先行词决定。如:?
Thisisthesubjectonwhichhemadegreatprogress.这就是他取得巨大进步的科目。?
Heemployed30men,ofwhom12werefromhishometown.他雇了30个人,其中有12个是他的老乡。?
(3)定语从句中的词组若是十分密切的固定搭配,一般不可拆开。如:?
Isthisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor?这是你在找的那枝笔吗??
Thebabywho/whommysistertakescareofissolovely.我姐姐照顾的那个婴儿是如此的可爱。(4)表时间的“介词+which”=when;表地点的“介词+which”=where;表原因的“for+which”=why。
复习英语中的比较结构?
1.比较结构通常有下列表现形式:?
(1)表述两者或两者以上在某方面相似:as...as...?
(2)表述两者或两者以上在某方面程度不同:notas...as...;more...than...?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的独特或独一无二:themost+adj.?如:?
MikeisastallasourP.E.teacher.麦克和体育老师一样高。?
IamnotastallasMike,thatis,heistallerthanI.
?我不如麦克高,也就是说,他比我高。?
Mikeisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,nooneistallerthanhim.
?麦克是我们班上最高的男生,就是说,没人比他更高。
2.几种特殊的比较结构:
(1)表述某人或某物在某方面无与伦比:?
Won’tfindamore...=bethemost... 如:?
Mickisthetallestboyinourclass,thatis,youwon?tfindatallerboyhere!
?麦克是我们班上最高的男生,就是说,在这里,你不会见到比他更高的男生了。?
(2)表述“越……就越……”:themore...,themore... 如:?
Themoreheeats,thefatterhebecomes;thefatterhebecomes,thelessconfidenthewillbe.
?吃得越多,他就越胖;变得越胖,他就越没有自信。?
(3)表述某人或某物在某方面的程度成倍数关系:?
①倍数+as...as:是……的几倍?
②倍数+more...than:比……程度强/多几倍?
③倍数+the+抽象名词(表示“量度、程度”等意义的词):是……的几倍 如:?
“长江的长度是这条河的三倍”有三种表达方式:?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesaslongasthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristwicelongerthanthisriver.?
TheChangjiangRiveristhreetimesthelengthofthisriver.

高考英语语法定语从句要点专题精讲


高三英语语法要点精讲(配最新高考+模拟)
专题01定语从句

定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中,都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中,定语从句仍是考查的重点。
定语从句常被考查的知识有:(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as,which,that,what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现,并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之,对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上,我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

一、定语从句的意义?
形容词性从句一般称为定语从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?
定语从句的位置:一般置于先行词之后,由关系代词和关系副词引导。??
二、关系词的用法?
引导定语从句的关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose。?
关系副词有when,where,why等。?
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用,而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法:?
1)由who引导的定语从句?
关系代词who只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。如:?
Ateacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.?
教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)?
Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.?
能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)?
2)由whom引导的定语从句?
关系代词whom只能指人,是who的宾格,在从句中作宾语,在口语中常常省略。如:?
Themanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.?
你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。(关系代词who在从句中作宾语,可以省略)?
Thewoman(whom)youtalkedwithyesterdaywillcomeherethedayaftertomorrow.?
昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语,可以?省略)??
3)由that引导的定语从句?
关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语,又可作宾语;既可指人,又可指物。如:?
Sheisthewomanthatoftencomeshere.?
她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。(关系代词that在从句中作主语,指人)?
Thebookthatisonthedeskwaswrittenbymygrandfather.?
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语,指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)?
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语,指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)?
Thepassengerandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换,因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?
4)由which引导的定语从句?
关系代词which一般指物,在从句中可作主语,也可以作宾语。如:?
Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.?
他来晚了,这使老师很生气。(which引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语)?
ThatisthepencilwhichIlostyesterday.?
那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(which引导限定性定语从句,在从句中作宾语,which可以省略)5)由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格,在从句中作定语,既可指人,又可指物。如:?
Thisistheboywhoseparentsdiedlastyear.这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。(whose作定语,指人)?
注:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语,又能作宾语。whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”。如:?
Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?
He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)他写了本书,书的名字我彻底忘了。
2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?
1)当先行词指人时,许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who,但在下列情况下,宜用who而不用that。?
先行词是one,ones,anyone时,宜用who。如:?
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.?
任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??
先行词为those时,宜用who。如:?
Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.想看电影的人在这儿签名。?
一个句子带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that,另一个用who。?
Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.
昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?
2)当先行词指物时,许多情况下,既可以用关系代词which,也可用关系代词that,但在下列情况中,只能用关系代词that,而不用which。?
在there+be的句型中,句子的主语是先行词,而且又是物。如:?
TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要读的有两本小说。?
Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.没有什么工作现在能做的了。?
当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如:?
Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?
Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
以Hereis(are)开头的句子时。如:?
Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?
HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.这是我要买的两本书。?
Itis(high)time+定语从句中。如:?
Itistimethatweshouldhavearest.我们应该休息了。?
Itishightimethattheystartedout.他们该动身了。?
当先行词是way等词时,关系代词用that或者inwhich在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略。如:?
Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?
SheadmiredthewayinwhichIansweredthequestions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?
在双重限定性定语从句中,如果一个从句用who或者which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导。如:?
HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.?
他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?
Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.?
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书,并且离这儿不远。?
当先行词被thelast,thevery和theonly修饰时。如:?
ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。?
TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?
在强调句子中,并且以who,which,what开头时。如:?
Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中,最好不用who来代替that,避免重复)Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?你上周究竟做什么了??
当先行词前有序数词时。如:?
YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.你是我要见的第一个人。?
ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.这是我写的第二本书。?
当先行词被all,every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修饰时,如:?
ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?
Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值得看的书吗??
当先行词既指人又指物时。如:?
TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.?
我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?
Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.?
让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?
当先行词为anything,everything,nothing时,关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时,用which或者that均可。如:?
EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?
Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?
当先行词是疑问代词who时。如:?
Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他??
3)that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如:?
Thisisthebook(which)youwerelookingforyesterday.这就是你昨天找的那本书。?
Idon’tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?
4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如:?
Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.?
请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?
(先行词those是复数,关系代词who也就看作是复数,所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了)?
Thisisthemagazinewhichwassenttomebypost.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?
(先行词themagazine是单数,关系代词which也就看作是单数,所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式wassent)?
5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如:?
ThestorywhichIreadlastnightisveryinteresting.?
我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。
3.关系副词的用法?
1)when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有time,day,morning,night,week,year等。如:?
IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.?
我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?你知道林肯出生的日期吗??
注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如:?
Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.每次他来,都尽他所能帮我们。?
2)where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。如:?
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.这是他们住的旅馆。?
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?
注:where有时也可以省略。如:?
Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.这是我们昨天见面的地方。?
3)why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如:?
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?
注:why时常也可以省略。如:?
Thatistherealreasonhedidit.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点:?
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:?
when=on(in,at,during...)+which;?
where=in(at,on...)+which;?
why=forwhich.如:?
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.?
他到的时候,当时我正在北京。?
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.?
他工作的办公室在?三楼。??
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?
2)当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:?
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.?
我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.?
我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?
3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。??
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?
在这种结构中,关系代词若是表示人时,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时,就只能用which。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which(指物)或whom关系代词不能省略。如:
Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.?
他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?
(qualify+名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)?
Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.?
你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。(talkto+名词意为“与某人谈话”)?
Heisbargainingwiththelandlordoverthemonthlypriceatwhichtheapartmentrents.他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rentat+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)
2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如:?
Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?
Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。
3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。?
Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.?
他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大高树。?
Themonkeycrossedtheriver,inthemiddleofwhichhewasalmostkilled.?
那只猴子过了河,在河中央它差点淹死。?
注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:?
ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?
Theboysheislookingafterareveryhealthy.他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。
4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?
1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。?
Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.?
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.?
Thisistheroomwherewelivedlastyear.?
2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?
IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.?
IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.?
通过对上述知识的掌握,对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如:?
那就是他工作的大学。?
四、定语从句的种类以及区别
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切(删去后,影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明,删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)
不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略(that,who,which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略)不可以省略
可以替代(whom作宾语时,可用who或that替代)不能替代
只可以修饰先行词,不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分,此时定语从句前有逗号分开,只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义:?
限制性:她有两个当解放军的儿子。?
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.?
(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)?
非限制性:她有两个儿子,他们都是解放军。?
Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.?
(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)?
体会下列非限制性定语从句?
YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobebusy.?
昨天我遇到了李平,他看起来?很忙。??
Wewillputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.?
我们将把会议推迟到下周举行,到那时我们就不会这么忙了。
2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?
which与as都可以引导定语从句,但它们有许多用法上的区别,现就此简要分析如下:??
1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别:?
which只能放在主句后面,而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活,可在前,可在后。如:?
Asherealized,Iwasveryusefultohim.?
(在前)正像他所意识到的那样,我对他非常有用。?
Air,asweknow,isagas.(在中)空气,众所周知,是一种气体。?
Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.?
(在后)他是个外国人,正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?
Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisbossangry.?
(在后)他又来晚了,这一点使得老板很生气。?
在which引导的定语从句中,谓语动词若是am,is,are,则这些系动词不能省略,而as后面若是这种情况,则可以省略。如:?
Heisateacher,as(is)clearfromhismanner.(is可以省略)他是个老师,这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?
Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.?
(was不可省略)他说他从来没见过她,这一点不对。?
当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时,可以用andthis,andthat代替,意思是“这件事”。如:?
Hechangedhismind,which(andthis,andthat)mademeveryangry.?
他改变了主意,这使我很生气。?
Shehasmarriedagain,which(andthis,andthat)wasunexpected.?
出乎意料的是,她又结婚了。?
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用,表达说话人的看法、观点,并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如:?
Einstein,asweknow,isafamousscientist.爱因斯坦,众所周知,是位伟大的科学家。?
Asisannouncedintoday’snewspaper,wemustimproveourstyleofwork.?
今天的报纸上说,我们必须改进工作作风。?
作主语时,which既可以作系动词be的主语,也可以作实义动词的主语,而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?
Hemarriedher,whichwasnatural.?
(可用as代替which)他和她结婚,这是很自然的事。??
Hewona/theNobelPrizeinchemistry,whichmadehimillustrious.?
(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖,这使他名扬天下。?
当定语从句位于主句之后,纯粹表示主句所述的内容,不带有“如……那样”的意思时,往往用which,而不用as。如:?
Theywereinvitedtothestatebanquet,whichwasagreathonortothem.?
他们被邀请参加国宴,这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?
Wehadtosleepinourwetclothes,whichwasmostuncomfortable.?
我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉,这简直太不舒服了。?
Mummyalwaystreatsmejustlikeababy,whichIcan’tbear.?
妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待,这让我无法忍受。?
当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时,用as比用which更常见,而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如:
Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone’swishes,asisoftenthecase.?
事与愿违,这是常有的事。?
Aswasnatural,thisinordinatehopewasfollowedbyanexcessivedepression.?
这种过分希望之后,接着是极度的沮丧,是很自然的事。?
Chaucerisburiedin“Poet’sCorner”,asmighthavebeenexpected.?
正如人们已经预料的,乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?
Thematerialiselastic,asisshowinthefigure.这种材料有弹性,如图所示。?
asweknow众所周知?
ashasbeensaidabove/before正如前文所述?
ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的?
asmightbeimagined可以想像得到?
当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时,只能用which。如:?
Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotborneanyfruit.?
这些苹果树是我三年前种下的,没结出任何果实。?
TheThames,whichisnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedforoverahundredyears.?
泰晤士河,现在已经很干净,可以在里面游泳,它曾被污染了一百多年。?
带介词的典型的定语从句,必须用which,不能用as。如:?
Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus,withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.我们周围有许多氧气,没有它我们就无法生存。?
Theshedinourgarden,inwhichweoftenplayed,haslastedforalongtime.?
我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子,已经有很长时间了。?
2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别:?
先行词如为表示物的名词或代词,在从句中又作介词的宾语时,只能用which。如:?
ThisisthepaninwhichIboiledthemilk.这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?
前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如:?
Thereareasmanydictionariesasareneeded.所需要的字典都有了。?
前面有such时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如:?
SuchwomenasknowTomthoughthewascharming.?
认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??
Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?
HeisnotsuchamanasIexpected.他不是我期望的那种人。?
前面有thesame时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如:?
Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.?
我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?
ThisisthesamewalletasIlost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?
Ihavethesametroubleasyouhave.我和你有着同样的困难。?
总之,which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会,体会多了,才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题
1.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如:?
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?
2.the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如:?
TheGreatWallisthe(only)oneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.?
长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句内容时,若as或which作主语,则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如:?
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.?
中国发生了巨大的变化,众所周知。?
4.其他情况?
I,whoamyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.我,你的老师,要尽全力帮助你。?
ToownacolourTVsetineachfamily,whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago,nowbecomestrue.?
每家拥有一台彩电,这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情,现在变成了现实。?
Haveyouheardofthepersonsandthingsthatarebeingtalkedabout??
你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗???

定语从句
考点1“介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点,一般来讲有两个:指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如:
①ThepenwithwhichhewrotewasmadeinChina.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。
②ThetrainonwhichTomtravelledtoCanadawasveryfast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
③Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心,他家的房子前面有一棵大树。
考点2as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定
1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。
(1)此时的as意为“正如……,正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如:
Youareclever,asallthosewhoknowyoucansee.你很聪明,所有认识你的人都能看出来。
(2)在句法上,as常用作一些实义动词(如see,know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等)的宾语,这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如:
Asweallknow,Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.众所周知,中国正变得越来越强大。
(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如:
Asisafact,Mikeisexpectedtomakeatopstudent.这是一个事实,迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。
特别提示
主句中出现thesame,such,so修饰先行词时,要选择as作关系代词,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意:
(1)thesame…that与thesame…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别:前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较:
①ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)
②ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)
(2)such/so…as…和such/so…that…结构不同,as引导定语从句,而that引导状语从句。如:
①TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句,as代替先行词simpleEnglish作understand的宾语)
②Heshutthewindowwithsuchaforcethattheglassbroke.他如此用力地关窗,结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句,that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)
2.which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明,表明事物的状态或结果。
(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的,常译为“这一点,这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开,且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如:
Heworksverywell,whichmakeshisbosssatisfied.他工作干得不错.,这使得他的老板很满意。
(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语,这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如:
Shesucceededinthecompetition,whichsatisfiedherparents.她在比赛中取得成功,这使得她的父母很满意。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时,要用which。如:Heoftenworksfarintothenight,bywhichtimeeveryoneelsehaslefttheoffice.他通常工作到深夜,到那时其他人
已下班了。
特别提示
高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说,如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述,那么这两个词都可以使用;如果从句的含义是对主句的否定,或者语意不是顺接的,则只能用which。如:
①Hecamelatetoschool,which/aswaswhatwehadexpected.他上学迟到了,这是我们意料中的。
②Hecamelatetoschool,whichsurprisedUSa11.他上学迟到了,这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)
考点3关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说,关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较:
①I’llneverforgetthedayswhichIspentwithyou.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)
②I’llneverforgetthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedinBeijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语,studied在此处为不及物动词,后面不再接宾语)
考点4定语从句的间隔现象
定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词,但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下,对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要,而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说,定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况:在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语,或被谓语动词分隔开。如:
①DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链吗?
(先行词oneafternoon与定语从句被状语tenyearsago分隔开了)
②AnewteacherwilleOlTletomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.明天,一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词anewteacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语willcometomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略:(1)作及物动词的宾语时;(2)作介词的宾语,当关系代词与介词分开使用时,可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用,则不能省略。如:
①Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)
②whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)
③PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)
有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似,稍不认真就会出错。
1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
①HemakesapromisethatifheCallgetthejob,hewillworkhardtomakeasmuchmoneyashecanfortheeompany.他许诺如果他能获得那份工作,他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的
钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词apromise的进一步解释和说明)
②Mike’sparentsmadeaspecialpromisetoTomthatsurprisedTom.迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言,这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
2.定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法:若将句中的“Itis/was…that/who”去掉,而句子不缺成分,结构完整,说明原句是强
调句。如:
Itwasin1998thattheflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi.在1998年,洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)
(判断方法:如果去掉itwas和that,剩下in1998theflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi,句子结构完整,可判定原句为强调句)
3.定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语,修饰名词、代词或句子;并且,这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词,通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语,修饰动词;通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词,位置较灵活,通常放在句首或句末,有时也放在句中。
以where为例来说明:
①Let’shaveashortmeetingwherewemetlasttime.我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Wherewemetlasttime是地点状语从句,在句中作地点状语,表示开会的地方)
②Thisistheplacewherewehadameetinglasttime.这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Wherewehadameetinglasttime是定语从句,在句中作定语修饰theplace)

23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.that
C.whichD.what

此处先行词是twonovels,后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置,因此用bothofwhich引导。句意:Maria写了两部小说,两部都被拍成了电视剧。
考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
23.Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
本题考查定语从句的引导词
C
本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了,把句子转换成isshowninthereport,theairqualityinthecityhasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。
29.Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.This
A
如果选择B或D就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首,我不知道这里是不是算作句首,我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。
考查定语从句。
26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
B
非限制性定语从句,which作表语。
8.Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
B
这里thatevening是先行词,其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语,所以用which。句意:以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上,我工作到了很晚。
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
32.—We’lltaketheconditionsintocarefulconsiderationyouhaveattachedtothiscontract.
—Thanks.Hopeforfurthercooperation.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.what
B
考查定语从句的关系词。此处theconditions是先行词,其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。
13.Doyourememberacertainoccasion______youwereintroubleandatthatmomentIgaveyouahand.
A.whereB.whichC.whyD.when
D
考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语atthatmoment可知occasion指时间,故要使用关系副词when,相当于atwhichtime。
32.Lisa,Iguesswedbetterfixanavigationalaid(导航仪)tothecar_________wecanfindourwayeasily.
A.whichB.thatC.fromwhichD.withwhich
D
考查定语从句的关系词。此处anavigationalaid为先行词,其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意:丽萨,我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪,用它我们能容易地找到路。
26.Leavehimanoteatthereceptiondesk,hewilllearnhowtofindyou.
A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich
B
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处anote是先行词,其在定语从句中作from的宾语。
相当于:hewilllearnhowtofindyoufromthenote。
26.-----Howaboutyourjob-hunting?
-----Noluck.Now,I’vereachedthestage________Idon’tcarewhatIdo.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.that
B
考查定语从句的关系词。此处thestage是先行词,其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意:现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。
7.Aturningpointofthecontinuouslyhighhousingpricewontappearsuddenlybecausetheremustbeacertainprocess___manyfactorsleadtothechange.
A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that
C
考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词,其在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where。
10.Janesstruggletomakeaplaceforherselfinthemusiccircleisthekindoflifestory___afascinatingnovelmightbewritten.
A.whereB.bywhomC.forwhatD.aboutwhich
D
考查定语从句的关系词。此处lifestory是先行词,其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于afascinatingnovelmightbewrittenaboutthestory。
26.MoreteensaresmokinginBeijing,______thenumberofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentspickingupthehabithasmorethandoubledfrompreviousyears.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
C
考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing是先行词,在从句中做地点状语,因此用where引导定语从句。
17.Judgingfromhisface_______therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.
A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich
D
考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。aconfidentsmileonhisface.句意为:从他脸上自信的笑容来判断,我们知道他没灰心。故选D。
19.Wehavespottedthelocation,_______wethoughtisthesiteofEmperorQinShihuang.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
C考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句,wethought是插入语,从句缺少主语,应考虑用关系代词,又是非限制性定语从句,故选C。
14.---Whendidtheyoungmansaveyou?
---January1st,2000,thefirstdayofthenewcentury,_______Icanneverforget.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
B
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词thefirstday在定语从句中作宾语。

定语从句专题复习精选


经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以保证学生们在上课时能够更好的听课,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?小编收集并整理了“定语从句专题复习精选”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

定语从句专题复习精选

(一)关系代词与关系副词的选用原则

1.关系代词

(2006北京)Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_____don’t.

A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/

(2005北京春)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_____wevisitedthreemonthsago.

A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what

(汇编)He’sbeensenttotheplace_____needshimmost.

A.whereB.thatC.whatD.it

(2006福建)Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse____roofisunderrepair.

A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that

(2008陕西)Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,_____weremadeofsmalldiamonds.

A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich

2.关系副词

(2003北京)Wearelivinginanage____manythingsaredoneoncomputer.

 A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when

(2008山东)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when

(2005福建)---Isthatsmalltownyouoftenreferto?

---Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what

(2007福建)Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.

A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where

(2008安徽)Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.

A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that

(2004上海春)Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace_____,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.

A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what

(汇编)Iwouldlikeyoutogivemethereason______youwereabsentfromtheimportantmeetingyesterday.

A.thatB.whichC.whyD.forthat

(2007天津)Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_____sightmattersmorethanhearing.

A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where

(汇编)Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.

A.howB.whichC.whereD.that

(2007江西)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

(2007陕西)Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

A.whichB.asC.whyD.where

(汇编)He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why

3.关系代词与关系副词的跨越

(汇编)Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?

A.whichB.atwhichC.forwhichD.onwhich

(2005广东)Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.

A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that

(2008上海)Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationwereverydifficultintheruralareas.

A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich

4.介词+关系代词

(2005全国Ⅰ)Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.

A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom

(2007北京)Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_____arehealthy.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom

(2007四川)Itisreportedthattwoschools,______arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.

A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich

(2005天津)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.

A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what

(2005重庆)Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,_____hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.

A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime

(2007江苏)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_____hewentontoBeijingUniversity.

A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inwhichD.inthat

(汇编)Davidisapleasantyoungman_____youcangetonverywell.

A.withwhomB.whoC.withthatD.whom

(2005江西)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.

A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich

(2007重庆)Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.

A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich

(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别意义

(翻译)Herbrotherwho/thatisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

比较:Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

(三)定语从句中的特殊情形

1.只用that

(汇编)Thefirstthing_____you’llhavetodoistotakearest.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.this

(汇编)Thisistheonlyanswer_____right.

A.whichwethinkisB.whatwethinkitisC.thatwethinkisD.whatwethinkseems

(汇编)All_____canbedonehasbeendone.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.ofwhich

(汇编)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings_____theyrememberatschool.

A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.that

(汇编)Whoistheman_____isstandingbythegate?

A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom

2.which与as

(2003北京)NewYork,____lastyear,isaniceoldcity.

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited

(2008江苏)TheScienceMuseum,______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where

(2006浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst___Ireallyenjoyed.

A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which

(2007上海)Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__wasbeyondhiswildestdream.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

(汇编)Edisonmadealotofinventions,_____ofgreatimportance.

A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare

(2004北京)isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

(2001全国)isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.what

*比较:(汇编)_____hasbeenannouncedthatweshallhaveanotherexamnextweek.

A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What

(汇编)Iam_____youcanimagineshortenoughofmoney.

A.whichB.thatC.asD.who

(汇编)HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

(2000上海春)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.

A.likeB.asC.thatD.which

(汇编)Ihaveboughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.than

*比较:(汇编)Heissuchagoodboy_____everyonelikeshim.

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.as

3.关系词的省略

(汇编)Isthisvillage_____youvisitedlastyear?

A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.theone

(2005上海春)Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessforhiswork?

A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained

(1996上海)Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.

A.thewayinthatB.thewayC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

(2004湖北)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich

*(2001北京春)---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?

 ---Yes.Igaveittoher______Isawher.

A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.Once

*(四)定语从句与其他语法项目的综合考查

1.先行词与定语从句谓语动词的一致性

(汇编)I,____yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

(汇编)“Those____toseethenewfilmwritedownyournames,please”

A.wantB.whoC.thatwantsD.whowant

(汇编)BeihaiParkisoneofthemostbeautifulparks_____builtabout300yearsagoinBeijing.

A.whichwasB.wherewereC.thatwereD.thatwas

(2002上海春)Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen

2.allthat(定语从句)与what(名词性从句)

(汇编)Is_____youwanttosay?

A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatallD.whatall

(2007上海春)Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_____kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.

A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which

(汇编)All____yousaidatthemeeting____nothingtodowiththeproblem.

A.what,haveB.that,hasC.which,haveD.what,has

3.定语从句和同位语从句中的that

(汇编)Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass_____hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.

A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because

4.定语从句和强调句的综合

(2007山东)----Wheredidyougettoknowher?

-----Itwasonthefarm______weworked.

A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where

高考英语备考定语从句


2011高考英语备考(考点聚焦+名题导解)定语从句

一、考点聚焦
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Thosewhoarewillingtoattendtheparty,signhereplease.
3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-,any-,every-和no与-boy,-thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
Thisistheplacewhichisworthvisiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
Therearemanyplaceswecanvisit(them)inChina.
4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as。
关系副词:when,where,why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Hewaslookingpleasantlyattechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中
(2)在关系词前有介词时
(3)当先行词本身是that时
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
(1)当主句是therebe句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。如:
DoyouknowMr.Smithwhosestoryisverymoving?
Thereisaroom,whosewindowfacestheriver.
Thereisaroom,thewindowofwhichfacestheriver.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,从句都用as引导。
Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.
Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.
注意:区别①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。Theyaresuch
lovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame…that…引导定语从句。Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上:as从句可置句首,也可在另处。
Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.
Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.
Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when指时间=in/at/on/duringwhich
where指地点=in/at/from/which
why指原因=forwhich
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/hetalks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
ThisisthefirsttimeIhavegivenyoualessoninFrench.
12、必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
②强调it无意义,that/who不是引导词。
③强调itis/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
Itisthemuseumthat/whichwevisitedlastyear.(定语从句)
Itwasinthehotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语)
Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheir.(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom。
(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:
①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks
inthematch.(句中one为先行词)
Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(句中students为先行词)
②Isthisplacetheone(that)wevisitedyesterday?
Isthistheplace(that/which)wevisitedyesterday?
③Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.
④Itmayrain,inwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
解析:答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词thehours和关系词被介词短语tome所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours,并且关系词在从句中用作状语,故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2.___________isknowntoeverybody,thenoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
解析:答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时,引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时,常用于下列短语:asisknown、asissaid、asisreported、asisannounced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown___________hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
解析:答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语thesmalltown,且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语,因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分,然后选择适当的关系词。
4.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
解析:答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是TheEnglishplayattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.从句补全为独立句子应是mystudentsactedintheplay。所以应选inwhich,其余介词不妥。
5.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
解析:答案为A。本题考地点状语从句,用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句,排除C,本题易被误认为考定语从句,意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers,也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句,但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语,不缺主语、宾语,故不可用。
6.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,thesailingtimewas226days.
A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich
解析:答案为A。本题考定语从句,关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立句子应是:Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days,故选ofwhich。

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