俗话说，凡事预则立，不预则废。高中教师要准备好教案，这是每个高中教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师更好的完成实现教学目标。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？急您所急，小编为朋友们了收集和编辑了“高二上半期历史复习资料”，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。

高二上半期历史复习资料

1.英国资产阶级革命的背景1)新航路开辟后,欧洲的主要商路和贸易中心转移到大西洋沿岸,极大地刺激了英国手工工场的发展。资产阶级成长起来。（2）圈地运动使牧场主成了资产阶级化的新贵族，被迫离开土地的农民变成了一无所有的“自由人”。失去土地的破产农民走投无路，只得进入手工工场，充当雇佣工人。（3）手工工场的发展促使英国不断扩大海外贸易，进行殖民掠夺。（4）圈地运动和殖民掠夺积累了资本，获得了劳动力和市场，使英国资本主义进一步发展。但是，英国的封建统治严重阻碍了资本主义的发展，英国社会在酝酿着革命。
2.《权利法案》的内容：（1）国王无权废除法律，征税需经议会同意；（2）议会必须定期召开。（3）议员有活动的自由。（4）所有重大问题由议会决定。
3.英国资产阶级革命的意义：（1）国内：英国资产阶级革命摧毁了封建制度的专制王权，为资本主义发展扫清了道路。（2）对世界的影响：它揭开了欧美资产阶级革命的序幕，是世界从封建社会开始向资本主义社会过渡的一次重要革命。
4.美国独立战争的背景：（1）经过一个多世纪的开发，北美资本主义经济发展起来。各地经济、文化联系加强，形成了统一市场，统一的美利坚民族开始形成。（2）英国殖民者对北美经济的发展采取压制政策，力图使北美成为英国工业的原料产地和商品市场。（3）英国的压制政策激起北美人民的反抗，导致了“波士顿倾茶事件”。
5.第二届大陆会议的内容：（1）会议决定招募军队（2）向国外购买武器（3）把汇聚在波士顿的民兵整编为“大陆军”。（4）种植园主乔治.华盛顿被任命为大陆军总司令。
6.《独立宣言》的内容：（1）北美殖民地成为自由独立的合众国。（2）人人生而平等，人人都有生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。人民有权推翻压迫人民的政府，建立新政权。
7.美国独立战争的意义：北美独立战争是一场民主解放战争，实质上是一次资产阶级革命，它的胜利为美国资本主义的发展扫清了道路。
8.法国资产阶级革命的背景：（1）法国腐朽的封建制度，严重阻碍着资本主义的发展。（2）启蒙运动使人们的思想从传统偏见、神学教条和封建专制的压制下解放出来，为法国资产阶级革命作了舆论准备。（伏尔泰、孟德斯鸠、狄德罗、卢梭）
9.《人权宣言》的内容及意义：内容：（1）人生来自由，权利平等。（2）自由、安全和反抗压迫都是天赋的，不可剥夺的人权。（3）法律是人民共同意志的表现，在法律面前人人平等。（4）国家的主权属于人民，公民有言论、出版的自由。（5）私有财产是神圣不可侵犯的权利。意义：《人权宣言》实质在于铲除封建专制的等级制度，确立资本主义制度，维护资产阶级的地位和私有财产权。
10.雅各宾派采取的措施：（1）摧毁封建土地制度。（2）镇压反革命。（3）严惩投机奸商。（4）改革军队。
11.法国资产阶级革命的意义：（1）性质：18世纪的法国大革命是世界历史上比较彻底的一次资产阶级革命。（2）国内：它摧毁了法国的封建制度，建立了资产阶级共和国，为资本主义的发展扫清了道路。（3）国外：推动了欧洲各国的反封建斗争。
12.拿破仑对外战争的评价：拿破仑战争初期，粉碎了外国的武装干涉，打击了欧洲封建反动势力，保卫了法国资产阶级革命成果，具有一定的进步意义；但是，后来的拿破仑战争发展成侵略和扩张，具有争霸性质。战争给欧洲各国包括法国人民造成了深重灾难。
13.彼得一世改革的原因、内容及意义：原因：17世纪时，俄国仍然是农奴制封建国家，经济远远落后于资本主义发达的西欧。沙皇彼得一世渴望改变俄国的落后状况。内容：（1）政治制度方面，改革俄国旧的国家机构，建立沙皇绝对集权专制制度；（2）军事上，实行征兵制，按西欧模式改组陆军，建立海军；（3）经济上，兴办手工工场，允许工场主购买农奴作终生劳动力；（4）文化教育方面，提倡学习西方先进技术，推行西方学校教育，规定10岁～15岁之间的贵族子弟必须接受学校教育；（5）革除生活旧习，强制贵族剪掉长须，让俄国人脱掉传统长袍，改穿西服。意义：彼得一世的改革使俄国的经济、军事力量大为增强，沙皇专制统治更加巩固。为扩张奠定了基础。
14.俄国1861年改革：原因：（1）19世纪中期，资本主义工业在俄国缓慢地发展起来。但是，落后的农奴制度严重的阻碍着俄国资本主义的发展。（2）人民的反抗。内容：（1）法令规定农奴有人身自由，地主不得买卖农奴和干涉他们的生活；（2）农奴解放时，可以从地主那里赎买一块份地。意义：农奴制度的废除是俄国历史的重大转折，使俄国走上了资本主义的发展道路。但是改革不彻底，保留了大量封建残余。
15.美国内战的原因及意义：原因：在领土扩张过程中，美国北方资本主义工业迅速发展，而南方却保留着奴隶制种植经济。两种经济制度矛盾尖锐。意义：美国内战是美国历史上的第二次资产阶级革命，革命废除了黑奴制度，基本解决了农民的土地问题，扫清了资本主义进一步发展的障碍，为美国经济迅速超过英、法等国家创造了条件。
16.英国工业革命：时间（18世纪60年代――19世纪上半期）。前提：资产阶级统治的确立。条件：（1）随着国内市场和国外市场的不断扩大，工场手工业生产已不能满足市场的需求，迫切要求生产技术的改进。这一时期，圈地运动使大批失地农民成为廉价的劳动力。贩运黑奴所获的超高额利润和殖民掠夺的巨额财富成为发展生产、改进技术的资本。手工工场细密的分工和自然科学的发展，使机器的发明和使用成为可能。18世纪60年代，英国开始了大机器代替手工生产的工业革命。工业革命的影响：（1）极大地提高了社会生产力（2）工业革命导致了工厂企业形式的产生，促进了城市的兴旺和城市人口的增长。（3）社会日益分裂成为资产阶级和无产阶级两个对立的阶级。（4）英、法、美等主要资本主义国家更加疯狂地掠夺殖民地，把资本主义势力扩展到世界各地，造成东方从属于西方的局面。
17.幕府统治的危机：（1）社会危机：随着商品经济的发展，资本主义生产关系已在一些经济发达的地区产生。但是，幕府的封建统治阻碍了日本资本主义的发展；新兴资产阶级和下级武士强烈要求改变日本现状，深受封建剥削的农民和市民不断起义，幕府政治出现危机。（2）民族危机：1853年，美国舰队侵略日本，迫使日本签订不平等条约，日本关闭的国门被打开，幕府统治危机更加严重。
18.明治维新的内容和评价：内容：（1）宣布行政上“废藩置县”，加强中央集权。（2）经济上，兴办工商业，引进西方技术；允许农民土地自由买卖。（3）文化教育上，设立新式学校，实行小学义务教育，发展中等和高等教育；革除旧习，提倡欧美生活方式。（4）军事上，废除武士制，实行征兵制，建立效忠天皇的“皇军”。（5）外交上，明治政府还致力于废除不平等条约。评价：（性质：明治维新是一次自上而下的资产阶级改革。）作用：（1）国内：它使日本走上了资本主义道路，日本逐渐强大起来。（2）国外：使日本摆脱了沦为半殖民地国家的危机，成为当时亚洲唯一的民族独立国家。局限性：改革很不彻底，保存了大量的封建残余。
19.第一次世界大战的原因、性质及影响：原因：（1）在资本主义向帝国主义过渡的过程中，资本主义经济政治发展越来越不平衡。改变了帝国主义国家之间的力量对比。后起的帝国主义国家要求按新的实力重新瓜分世界，老牌殖民国家则力图维持原状和夺得更多的殖民地。（2）在准备用武力重新瓜分世界的过程中，帝国主义国家根据各自的利害关系积极寻求同盟者，逐渐形成为两大对立的军事集团。（3）帝国主义国家展开了疯狂的军备竞赛，使世界局势紧张。（4）1914年6月，萨拉热窝事件成为第一次世界大战的导火线。性质：第一次世界大战是帝国主义性质的战争。影响：第一次世界大战给人类造成了深重的灾难。

精选阅读

高二上人教版Unit1Makingadifference

Ｉ．单元教学目标

技能目标Goals

Talkaboutscienceandscientists

Practisedescribingpeopleanddebating

Learnmoreabouttheinfinitive

Writeadescriptiveparagraph

ＩＩ．目标语言

功

能

句

式

Practisedescribingpeopleanddebating

That’scorrect

That’strue.

Thereisnodoubtthat…

Itisclearthat…

Itishardtosay.

What’syouridea?

Idoubtthat…

Well,maybe,but…

Haveyouthoughtabout…?

词汇

1.四会词汇

undertake,analysis,obvious,within,agriculture,

gravity,curious,branch,debate,scan,boundary,

graduate,research,wheelchair,disable,theory,

seek,misunderstand,scientific,observe,match,

predict,unhappiness,crime,astronomer,microscope,telescope,heaven,intelligent,patient,experiment

2.认读词汇

AlbertEinstein,genius,inspiration,perspiration,

AlfredNorthWhitehead,quote,radioactivity,biologist,

StephenHawing,PhD,promising,incurable,engage,JaneWilde,exploration,RogerPenrose,observation,Newton,DNA,

GalileoGalilei,FrancisBacon,geographer,Copernicus

3.词组

workon,goby,be/getengagedtosb,goonwith,dreamof,

turnout,useup,besatisfiedwith,takealookat,whatif,

theotherwayaround

4．重点词汇

undertake,debate,disable,seek,misunderstand,observe,

match,predict,patient

语法

不定式的用法

TheinfinitiveusedasSubject,Attribute,ObjectandAdverbial

重

点

句

子

1．Nordidheletthediseasestophimfromlivingthekindoflifehehad

alwaysdreamedof.

2.Itisnotnecessarytobeagreatscientisttomakeadifferenceinthe

world.

Ⅲ.教材分析与教材重组

1.教材分析

通过学习著名科学家的故事，激发学生学科学，爱科学，不畏艰难，勇于克服困难，勇攀高峰的科学精神。通过对科学家的描述，帮助学生学会描述人。引导学生对科学的好奇心，培养他们辩论的能力。

1.1WARMINGUP通过名人名言引导学生学会描述人。

1.2LISTENING是描述科学家的材料。

1.3SPEAKING是一个任务型教学活动。提供了5门学科，让学生辩论哪一科最重要和对社会最有用。

1.4PRE-READING要求学生快速浏览文章并独立完成三个问题，为READING的热身。

1.5READING是关于著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的故事。通过学习他的故事，培养学生不畏艰难，敢于克服困难，勇攀高峰的大无畏的科学精神。

1.6POST-READING第一个题是三个选择题，目的是训练学生的事实核对能力；第二题是三个问答题，除了训练学生的概括能力外，更能开阔学生的思路，丰富学生的视野；第三题是训练学生开放性思维，要求学生能够把课本知识与社会生活知识联系起来，多角度的去思考问题。

1.7LANGUAGESTUDY分词汇和语法两部分。其中，Wordstudy是一个英语释义练习，旨在培养学生的英语思维能力，有助于养成英语思维的习惯。Grammar在引导学生体验、探究、归纳不定式结构功能的基础上，进行任务型巩固训练。Part1是归纳不定式结构功能分类练习；Part2则是有一定难度的不定式被动语态练习；Part3把不定式放在一定语境中的综合练习，以著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的梦想实现过程为范例，谈论如何实现自己的梦想。本单元的语法训练设计是以功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材的话题、功能、结构、任务相结合的特点。

1.8INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的Reading介绍了一些著名科学家成功的原因，让学生了解科学家成功的要素。WRITING部分要求学生通过图书馆、互联网等途径了解自己喜欢的科学家。然后根据提示作一介绍。

1.9TIPS介绍了学英语的科学方法。鼓励学生科学的对待学习。

2.教材重组

2.1把WARMINGUP作为LISTENING的热身练习，将WARMINGUP，LISTENING与SPEAKING整合在一起，通过谈论科学和科学家，练习描述人和进行辩论，上一节“听说课”。

2.2把PRE-READING,READING和POST-READING放在一起上一节阅读课。

2.3将GRAMMAR与WORKBOOK中的语法练习题整合在一起上一节“语法课”。

2.4将INTEGRATINGSKILLS设计为一节“综合实践课（一）”。

2.5将WORKBOOK的INTEGRATINGSKILLS设计为一节“综合实践课（二）”。

3.课型设计与课时分配（经教材分析，本单元可以用5课时教完）

1stPeriodListeningSpeaking

2ndPeriodReading

3rdPeriodGrammar

4thPeriodIntegratingSkills(1)

5thPeriodIntegratingSkills(2)

Ⅳ.分课时教案

TheFirstPeriodListeningSpeaking

Teachinggoals教学目标

1.TargetLanguage目标语言

a.重点词汇和短语

undertake,analysis,obvious,within,agriculture,

gravity,curious,branch,debate

b.交际用语Learnthefollowingbyheart.

Practisedescribingpeopleanddebating

That’scorrect

That’strue.

Thereisnodoubtthat…

Itisclearthat…

Itishardtosay.

What’syouridea?

Idoubtthat…

Well,maybe,but…

Haveyouthoughtabout…?

2.Abilitygoals能力目标

Enablestudentstotalkaboutscienceandscientists.

Helpthemlearntodescribepeopleandpractisedebating.

3.Learningabilitygoals学能目标

LetSslearnhowtodebatebytalkingaboutwhich

branchisthemostimportantandusefultosociety.

Teachingimportantpoints教学重点

Learnthepatternsusedtodescribepeopleanddebating

Teachingdifficultpoints教学难点

Howtodescribepeopleandhowtodebate.

Teachingmethods教学方法

1.Listeningtothetape(individuals).

2.GroupworkDebating(cooperativelearning).

Teachingaids教具准备

ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer

Teachingproceduresways过程与方式

StepIWarmingup

ShowthephotosofsomegreatpeopleonthePowerPoint.Askstudentswhethertheyknowwhotheyareandwhattheyarefamousfor.ThenshowthequotesonthePowerPoint.Askstudentstomatchthepictureswiththequotes.Thenhelpstudentstounderstandthequotes.

T:Welcomebcktoschool,boysandgirls!Gladtoseeyouagain.

Ss:Gladtoseeyou,Mr.…/Ms….

T:Howwasyourholiday?Haveyoumadeanynewfriends？HereIwillintroducesomefriendstoyou.Lookathim,whoishe?

ShowthepictureofAlbertEinsteintotheclass.

S1:AlbertEinstein,agreatscientist.

T:Whatisheknownfor?

S2:TheoryofRelativity.

T:Hereisabriefintroductionofhim.Pleaselookatthescreen.

ShowthefollowingsentenceonthePowerPoint.

Einsteincontributedmorethananyotherscientisttothemodernvisionofphysicalreality.Hisspecialandgeneraltheoriesofrelativityarestillregardedasthemostsatisfactorymodelofthelarge-scaleuniversethatwehave.

T:Ok.Herearesomepicturesoffamouspeopleandquotesfromthem.Pleasematchthepictureswiththequotes.Thisisgroupwork.Pleasediscusswithyourgroupmembers.Twominuteslaterwewillchecktheanswers.

Askthestudentstodiscusswiththeirgroupmembers.Twominuteslaterchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.

SuggestedanswersareshownonthePowerPoint:

Nothinginthisworldistobefeared…onlyunderstood.(MariaCurie)

Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninetypercentperspiration.(ThomasAlvaEdison)

Ittakesaveryunusualmindtoundertaketheanalysisoftheobvious.(AlfredNorthWhitehead)

Youcannotteachamananything；Youcanonlyhelphimfinditwithinhimself.(GalileoGalilei)

T:Ok.I’dlikeyoutoexplainthequotes.

S1:IamveryfamiliarwithEdison’sGeniusisonepercentinspirationandninetypercentperspiration.

T:Howdoyouunderstandit?

S1:Everyoneneedstoworkhardtosucceed.

T:Thanks.Pleaserememberifyouwanttobecomesuccessful,youneedtoworkhard.Hardworkleadstosuccess.

Introducetheotherquotesinthesameway.

Theexplanationofthequotes:

Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge....meansthatyoumayknoweverything,butifyoucan’tthinkupnewthoughts,noprogresswillbemade.

Nothinginthisworldistobefeared...onlyunderstood....Thisisastretchofanoldsaying:youonlyfeartheunknown.SoMariewasright,butstillnot.Shedidn’tunderstandradiationanddiedofcancerascauseofit,butstillwhenyoulearnthing,youlosethefear.

Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninetypercentperspiration....Thisisa“pun”,butalsoshowsthattalentandgeniusisnotallittakes,evenreallycleverpeopleneedtoWORKHARDtomakedreamscometrue

Ittakesaveryunusualmindtoundertaketheanalysisoftheobvious....Thisisagoodone.Ittakestwocontrastsobviousandunusualandthrowstogether:thatitneedsanunusualmindtobeabletoexplainwhatisobvious.Itdoesn’tSEEMtobethetruthandthisisanoxymoron,butverytrue.

Youcannotteachamananything;youcanonlyhelphimfinditwithinhimself....Unlessonehasdesiretolearnhimselfyoucannothelphim.Onlyifhehimselfhasinnerdesiretomoveaheadyoucanbeofsomehelptohim.Galileomayhavehadapointhere.Butitisaveryhumbleviewofateacher.

T:Doyouknowanyotherquotesaboutscienceandthinking?

S:Yes,Iknowsome.

Yousee,inlife,lotsofpeopleknowwhattodo,butfewpeopleactuallydowhattheyknow!

Knowingisnotenough,youmusttakeaction.—AnthonyRobbins

Actionisfoundationalkeytoallsuccess.—AnthonyRobbins

SuggestedanswerstoQ34.

3.SirIsaacNewton:

TheUniversalLawofGravitation

CharlesDarwin:

OntheOriginofSpecies

4.Hardwork,imagination,creativity,persistenceandcuriositymakescientists

successful.I’dliketolearnthestoriesofhowtheysucceeded.

StepIIListening

T:Aftertalkingaboutthescientists,wewilllistentothetape.

Pleasetrytojudgewhothefamousscientistsdescribed

onthetapeare.Andfinishtheexercises.

Afterlistening,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.

Aftercheckingtheanswers,askstudentswhattheyareinterestedin.Theyarerequestedtowriteashortparagraphaboutwhattheywouldliketoinvent,discover,orbe.Theyaregivenfiveminutestofinishit.

T:WhatareyouinterestedinS1?

S1:I’minterestedinBiology.Iwanttobeabiologist.IwanttomakegooduseofGMtoproducemorefoodforpeople.

T:Goodidea.Thenwriteashortpassageaboutyourdreams.Youshouldfinishitwithin5minutes.

Fiveminuteslater,showseveralcopiesontheprojectorandcheckwiththewholeclass.

StepIIISpeaking

T:Boysandgirls,fromtheaboveexerciseIlearnthatyouareinterestedindifferentsubjects.NowI’dlikeyoutoplayagame.Nowyouwillbedividedinto5groupstorepresentabranchofscience.

ShowthefivebranchesBiology,Maths,Chemistry,PhysicsandComputerscienceonthePowerPoint.

T:Youaregoingtodebateeachothertoseewhichsubjectisthemostimportantandusefultosociety.Pleaserefertotheusefulexpressions.Whenyoudebate,pleasethinkofenoughreasons.Youmaydiscussinyourgroupforthreeminutes.

ShowtheusefulexpressionsonthePowerPoint.

That’scorrect.

That’strue.

Thereisnodoubtthat…

Itisclearthat…

Itishardtosay.

What’syouridea?

Idoubtthat…

Well,maybe,but…

Haveyouthoughtabout…?

StepⅣPractice

Threeminuteslater,thedebatebegins.Afterthedebate,theteacherwillsumup.

T:I’mgladyouhavedoneaverygoodjob.Ihavetoadmitallofyouareright.Everybranchofscienceisveryimportantanduseful.Ihopeinthefutureyouwillbegreatscientistsandmakecontributionstothedevelopmentoftheworld.

ThenaskstudentstodothetalkingonPage82.

T:Goodnewsforyou.Afamousscientistiscomingtovisitourschool.Wouldyouliketomeethim/her?

Ss:Yes.

T:Luckilyyouhavebeenchosentomeetandinterviewhimorher.

Ss:Whereisthescientist,whoisheorshe?

T:Thisisjustagame.Youaregoingtodopairwork.Imagineoneisthescientist,theotheristhestudent.Youaregiventhreeminutestodoit.ThenIwillasksomepairstoactitout.NowturnyourbookstoPage82anddothepairwork.

Threeminuteslater,thestudentsareaskedtoactouttheinterview.

T:Welldone.Manyofyouaresointerestedinscientists’stories.Afterclasspleasefindmoreinformationofyourfavouritescientists.

StepⅤHomework

FinishthelisteningexercisesonPage81.

Surfontheinternetorusethelibrarytofindmoreaboutscientists.

高二历史《宋明理学》复习资料

高二历史《宋明理学》复习资料
一、儒学的危机
1、魏晋南北朝时期佛教、道教迅速传播，儒学面临危机；
2、隋唐时期，儒学家提出三教合一的主张，吸收了佛、道精神，得到新的发展；
3、宋代，逐渐确立了一个以“理”或“天理”为核心的新儒学系统，即理学。
二、程朱理学
1.代表人物：二程：程颢、程颐。南宋：朱熹（理学集大成者）
2.理学内容：“理”是世界万物的本源；“理”体现在社会上是儒家道德伦理，在人身上就是人性；
3.把握“理”的方法：“格物致知”，即通过接触世间万事万物，在体会到各种知识的基础上加深对先天存在的“理”的体验，最终贯通明理。
4.发展：南宋：程朱理学成为官方哲学
元朝：将《四书章句集注》作为科举考试内容；
明初：确立程朱理学的思想界统治地位；外传日、越、朝
三、陆王心学
1.陆九渊：①提出“心即理也”“宇宙便是吾心，吾心即是宇宙”，心是天下万物的渊源，称“心学”，②提出“发明本心”以求理的方法，求“理”就是内心反省.
2.王守仁：“阳明心学”，核心是“致良知”，良知就是本心，就是理，强调自我主动作用，激励人们奋发立志。
四、宋明理学的影响：
理学是宋明时期儒学主流，在政治生活、文化教育和社会教化等方面影响深远。
①消极——用三纲五常维系专制统治，压抑、扼杀人们的自然欲求，产生了消极影响。
②积极——重视主观意志力量，注重气节、品德，讲求以理统情、自我节制、发奋立志，强调人的社会责任和历史使命，又凸显人性的庄严，对塑造中华民族性格起积极作用。

高二历史《孔子与老子》复习资料

高二历史《孔子与老子》复习资料

一．孔子的学说
思想主张：
1.思想核心：“仁”和“礼”
A.“仁”：“仁者爱人”，体察民情，反对苛政和任意刑杀；提倡广泛理解和体贴他人；调整人际关系，稳定社会秩序；“忠恕之道”：“己所不欲,勿施于人”
B.“礼”：“克己复礼”，克制自己，复合礼制，实质是维护西周时的周礼（等级秩序），具有保守性。
2.政治思想：“为政以德”，改良政治。
3.鬼神观：持怀疑态度，主张敬而远之，把探讨和解决人世间的问题放在优先位置。
4.教育思想：（最早创办私学的人之一，打破了西周官府垄断教育）
①“有教无类”：受教育者范围扩大（指导原则）
②“因材施教”：针对学生特点，采取不同方法启发诱导（教学方法）
③“知之为知之，不知为不知”，实事求是“温故而知新”坚持正确意见，“当仁不让于师”（学习方法）
（四）评价：
①当时未受重视，后经改造形成完整的儒家思想体系，成为中国传统文化的主流.
②在世界文化史上有重要影响。被推崇为“圣人”.
二、老聃与《道德经》
思想主张：
哲学思想：①“道”是凌驾于天之上的天地万物的本原
②提出“天法道，道法自然”的思想，剔除了“天命论”的绝对权威。
③辩证法思想，任何事物都有对立面，矛盾双方可以相互转化。
政治主张：“无为而治”，“无事取天下”
（四）影响：①中国第一个探讨宇宙本源的哲学家
②思想体系博大精深，对中国文化，包括哲学、伦理学以及中国人的思维方
式、道德人格产生了深远影响。
战国时期的百家争鸣
一、百家争鸣的历史背景：
▲1、社会大变革是百家争鸣出现的根本原因
2、分裂的政局和社会变革时代，造成思想和言论的空前自由
3、私学兴起，教育相对普及，培养了大批人才
4、动荡的兼并局势，各国君主都想称霸争雄，所以竟相礼贤下士、招揽人才
二、思想家及主张
（一）孟子：战国时期著名思想家，继承发展孔子学说，尊为“亚圣”。
1.思想：
①政治思想核心：“仁政”学说，提出“民贵君轻”的思想，认为土地、人民、政事是国家三宝。
②人性论：人性本善
③义利观：倡导“养浩然之气”，强调先义后利，舍生取义。
2、评价：①《孟子》一书被当作经典，后列为“四书”之一
②建立一套系统的政治学说“仁政”，成为儒家学派的重要奠基人。
（二）荀子：战国时期另一位儒家重要代表人物
1、思想：
自然观：“天行有常”，自然规律是客观存在的，不以人的意志为转移
“制天命而用之”，按照客观规律，发挥人的主观能动性改造自然
人性论：人性本恶
治国：以礼教为主，主张礼法并施
2、评价：①基本继承了儒家思想，但很长时间不为正统儒家重视。
②作为战国百家思想的集大成者，对中国哲学影响深远。
（三）墨子：战国时期鲁国人，墨家学派创始人。
1、思想：A.“兼爱”：无等级差别的爱
B.“非攻”：反对不义的兼并战争
C.“尚力”：强调生产劳动在社会生活中的地位
D.“节用”“节葬”：反对铺张浪费。
2、评价：①代表了下层劳动群众特别是手工业者的利益一度成为战国时期的显学
②曾被广泛吸收，战国以后不再受重视。
（四）庄子：战国时期道家的主要代表
1、思想：A.哲学思想——“齐物”（任何事物在本质上都是相同的）；
B.“逍遥”（对事物变化要采取旁观、超然的态度）。
C.天与人“不相胜”，人必须顺从自然
2.评价：文学成就——寓言、散文蕴涵深邃的哲理智慧和神奇的浪漫主义风格，对后世影响深远。
（五）韩非：韩非战国时期法家的代表人物
1.韩非：思想主张：
①主张法、术、势结合，建立君主专制中央集权。法律是处理政事的基本，权术是君主控制群臣的工具。势力是君主的“筋力”是“法”“术”的前提
②认为历史是发展的，主张变法革新。
2.评价：①韩非是法家的集大成者
②其思想适应建立统一的中央集权政治体制的需要。
三、春秋战国时期百家争鸣局面的重要意义
（1）儒家思想孕育我国传统文化中的政治理想和道德准则，是传统文化的核心。
（2）道家思想是构成了2000多年传统思想的哲学基础。
（3）法家思想中的其中的变革精神，成为历代进步思想家、政治改革家的理论武器。
（4）它们共同构造了中华民族传统文化的基本精神。
(①奠定了中国传统文化体系的基础；②促进了文化思想的繁荣；③推动了社会变革的进程。）

高二上人教版Unit4Agardenofpoems

Unit4Agardenofpoems
Teachingaimsanddemands:
1.TalkaboutEnglishpoetry.
2.Talkaboutliteratureandpoetry.
3.Learnthefollowingwordsandexpressions:
poempoetintentionrecitemadpatterndialoguesortfantasylonelinesssadnessgloryabsencedistrictatmosphereintroductiontranslatetaleshadeextraordinaryidiomdustcrowapartessayrecommendcontribute
put…togetherplaywithcallupstandoutlightup
comeintobeingsendforcontributeto..
4.Practiseexpressingintention
5.词汇拓展
poem(n.)→poetry(n.)→poet(n.)
absence(n.)→absent(adj.)
translate(vt.)→translation(n.)
contribute(vt.)→contribution(n.)
6.句型结构
Poetryalsocallsupallthecolours,feelings,experiencesandcuriousimagesofadreamworld.
Hissonnets,however,belongtothebestEnglishpoetry.
Beforetheendofthecentury,therewasanotherfamouswriter,JohnMilton.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.
GreatlylovedinChinaaretheEnglishRomanticpoets.
Theycanhelpustounderstandeachotherbetter,orasMuDanwrote:…
Quietly,weembraceinaworldlitupbywords.
IfIseeyounexttonever,howcanIsayforever?
7.LearnaboutthePastParticiple(3):usedasAdverbial
8.Writeareview
教学难点
(1)如何循序渐进地引导学生去了解英语诗歌，懂得去欣赏发现诗歌中的美，在一定程度上学会去分析英语诗歌的韵律，意境及情境，最终明白“诗歌及文化是连接一门语言与另一门语言，一种文化与另一种文化的桥梁”这句话包含的道理。
(2)分词用法的总结与难点解析。
(3)帮助学生形成一定的审美观，学会用自己的角度去思考和发现西方文化的美感和人文色彩。
课时安排
Period1.WarmingupListening
Period2.Speaking
Period3.Reading
Period4.LanguagestudyGrammar
Period5.Integratingskills
Period1Warminguplistening
TeachingAims:
1.Talkaboutrhymes,songs,limericksandpoemstoraisethestudents’interestinpoetry.
2.Improveingthestudents’listeningability.
3.Introducesomepoemstothestudents.
Teachingdifficultpoints:
1.Toteachthestudentshowtograspthedetailedinformationtofinishthelisteningtask.
2.Howtomakeeverystudentsactiveinthislesson.
TeachingAids:acomputer;aprojector
TeachingProcedures:
(Playthesong“Thecolorofthewind”)
StepIGreetingsandLeadin.
Justnowwe’veenjoyedasong.Doyoulikeit?
Thiskindofsongsbelongtopoetry.Andsodorhymesandlimericks.Rhymesandlimerickscanbeveryinteresting.Solet’senjoythemnow.
Doyoulikepoetry?Whyorwhynot?
Whatkindofpoems,songsorrhymeshaveyouread?
Canyoureciteany?
StepIIWarmingup.
1)Listenandreadtherhyme
Good,better,best!
Neverhaveitrest!
Tillgoodisbetter!
Andbetter,best!
2)Listenandreadthelimerick.
Peoplelaughandpeoplecry.
Somegiveup,somealwaystry.
Somesayhiwhilesomesaybye.
OthersmayforgetyoubutneverI.
Ok.Nowpleaseopenyourbooksandturntopage25.Let’senjoytwomorelimericks.
3)Readthelimericksandask“Whatisthepatternofeachpoem?
StepIII.Pre-listening
T:Itseemspoemsarereallyinteresting.I’dliketoknowmoreaboutpoetry.
ButwherecanIfindacertainpoem?Arepoemsputtogetherincollectionsofpoetry?
Maybethesequestionscanhelpus.
Whowrotethem?
Whataretheyabout?
Whenweretheywritten?
StepIV.Whilelistening
Incollectionsofpoetry,poemsareputtogetherbecausetheybelongtothesamegroup.
Theycanbesortedbydifferentwriters,ortheycanbesortedbyacertaintopicoracertainperiodoftime.
1.Listentothetapeandlistthenameofthebooksonpoemsbydifferentwriters.
(Suggestedanswers:AGardenofPoems”
“1001SongsorPoemsinEnglish”
2.Listentothetapeandlistthetheinformationofpoemsbyacertaintopic
Suggestedanswers:Thetopiccanbehumanfeelings(humourlove…)
“PoetryaboutNature”(flowers,trees,plantstheoldcountryside)
“TheEarthisPaintedGreen”
3.Poemsbyacertainperiodtime
Suggestedanswers:“EnglishPoemoftheEarly17thCentury”
“PoetryBetweentheWorldWars”
4.OK,Sincewelearnedsomeaboutpoems.Nowlet’slistentotheareaderandawomanworkinginthelibrary.Firstlistentothetapeandtickthewordsthatareusedbythewoman.
Suggestedanswer:poem,collection,theWorldWars,Thecountrysideandnature
5.Listentothetapeagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1)Whatisthedialogueabout?
2)WhatkindofbookisAGardenofPoems?
3)Whichperiodismeantwhenwesay“betweentheWorldWars”?
4)Howshouldyoureadabooksuchas1001SongsandPoemsinEnglish?
5)Whichtopicforpoetrydoesthestudentlike?
StepV.Post-listening
1.T:OK.Whattopicforpoetrydoyoulike?
T:SometimesEnglishpoemscanbereadinareallyinterestingway.NowI’dlikeyoutoenjoyoneofthem.
Arhyme
Pickanapple
Pickapear
Pickabananaoverthere.
Let’sworkandlet’splay,
Pickingappleseveryday.
2.Listenandimitate.
StepVI.Listeningontheworkbook.
Good.I’mreallyinterestedinpoemsandIwanttoknowwhyourancestorsinventpoetry.Doyouknowthereason.Ifyoudon’tknow,let’slookatthefollowingquestions.
1)Beforetheinventionofwriting,wasthereanyotherwaybuttorememberimportantthings?
2)Wererhymeandrhythmveryhelpfulwhentheyaretryingtorememberthings?
3)Whydidourancestorsinventpoetry?
4)Whatisthelistening

extabout?
Listentothetapeandfindouttheanswerstothequestions.
Tapedescription:
Peopleinventedpoetryastheyhelptorememberthings.Beforetheinventionofwriting,therewasnootherwaybuttorememberimportantthings.Peopleearlydiscoveredthatrhymeandrhythmwereveryhelpfulwhentheyaretryingtorememberthings.Sotheymadepoemstohelpthemrememberallthethingstheyneededtoknowandpassedonfromgenerationtogeneration.Forexampletoremembertheirhistory.Theyrecitedgreatstoriesabouttheirancestorsandthewarsthatwerefought.
(Collecttheanswersfromthestudents.)
T:Yes.Beforetheinventionofwriting,therewasnootherwaybuttorememberimportantthings.
Andrhymeandrhythmwereveryhelpfulwhenpeoplearetryingtorememberthings.That’swhyourancestorsinventedpoetry.
StepVIII.Post-listening
You’vedoneagoodjobtoday.Let’senjoysomemorepoems.Andyouarerequiredtorecitesomeofthesepoems.Youcanreciteandmanyaspossible.Wewillcheckthenextperiod.
1)Women
Ifyoukissher,youarenotagentleman
Ifyoudon’t,youarenotaman
Ifyoupraiseher,shethinksyouarelying
Ifyoudon’t,youaregoodfornothing
Ifyouagreetoallherlikes,sheisabusing
Ifyoudon’t,youarenotunderstanding
Ifyoumakeromance,youareanexperiencedman
Ifyoudon’t,youarehalfaman
Ifyouvisithertooopen,shethinksit’sboring
Ifyoudon’t,sheaccusesyouofdoublecrossing
Ifyouarewelldressed,shesaysyouareaplayboy
Ifyoudon’t,youareadullboy
….
“OLord,tellmewhattodo.AMEN”
2)AlwaysHaveaDream
Forgetaboutthedayswhenit’sbeencloudy,
Butdon’tforgetyourhoursinthesun.
Forgetaboutthetimesyou’vebeendefeated,
Butdon’tforgetthevictoriesyou’vewon.
Forgetaboutthemisfortunesyou’veencountered,
Butdon’tforgetthetimesyourluckhasturned.
Forgetaboutthedayswhenyou’vebeenlonely,
Butdon’tforgetthefriendlysmilesyou’veseen.
Forgetabouttheplansthatdidn’tseemtoworkoutright.
Butdon’tforgettoalwayshaveadream.
Homework.
Reciteoneortwopoemsandgetreadyfortomorrow’slesson!
课后记：
Period2Speaking
Teachingaims:
1.TalkingaboutpoemstoraisetheSs’interestinpoems.
2.MakingdialoguetoimprovetheSs’speakingability.
Teachingprocedures:
Step1GreetingLead-in
(Atthebeginningoftheclass,showtheSsapoem----twinkle,twinklelittlestar)
T：Justnow,weenjoinedabitinterestingpoem.Howdoyoufeelaboutthepoem?(Ssmayhavedifferentideas).Formyself,Ilikeit.WhenIreadthepoem,itseemsthataclearpictureisshownbeforeme.Inthedarkskyofnight,therearethousandsofstarsthattwinkleinthesky!Sointhisway,poemtellsusaboutnatureandshowsusthebeautyofnature.Nowondertherearemanypoetsexpressingthemselvesbywritingpoems!
Step2Warming-up
T:Youknowtherearemanypoemsexistingintheworld,andChinahasalonghistoryofpoemsrangingfromLiBai,DuFuintheancienttimestoGuoMonuointhemoderntimes.CanyourecitesomeChinesepoemsinavividway?
(WelcomesomeSstoperformandgivesomeclaps;ifpossibleshowthemsomeflashforthepoems)
Step3Speaking
1.T:ItseemsthatyouhavemasteredChinesepoemswell.
1)DoyoualllikethepoemswrittenbyLiBaiorDuFu?
2)Whosestyledoyoulikebest?/Whichpoetdoyoulikebest?
Sodifferentpeoplemaylikedifferentpoems.Andyou’vealsogainedsomeknowledgeofEnglishpoetrywell,soit’seasyforyoutoexpressyourfeelingsaboutpoems.
2.T:Thecirclesbelowgiveyouideasoftopicsforpoems,periodsoftime,groupsornamesofpoetsandhumanfeelingsinpoems.Workingroups.Askeachotherquestionsaboutthekindofpoetryyourclassmatesmightwanttoread.Chooseawordfromeachcircleandexplainwhyyouwould/wouldnotliketoreadapoemlikethat.Youcanrepeattheexerciseafewtimes.
3.T:Whenyouarepractisingwithyourpartner,doremembertousetheusefulexpressionslistedinyourbook.
Step4Talking
T:Awonderfuljob!Youallcanexpressyourselvesfreelyandusetheexpressionsverywell.Yourideasallsoundreasonable.Thoughpoemsarebeautifulandtheycansometimesexploreourinnermotions,yetstillmanyotherpeopledon’tlikethem,fortheythinktheyaretoosensitive.Sosomepeopleareworriedabouttheirdisappearing.
T:Readthefollowingpassageanddecidewhetherpoetryisgettingmorepopularorwhetheritisdisappearing.Explainwhyyouthinkso.
------Poetryisdead!Therearefewpeoplewhoreadpoetryintheirfreetime.Whocares?However,somepeopledocare.Theythinkitisimportanttostoppoetrydisappearingfromculturelife.
Onewaytosavepoetryisbyprovingthatpoetryisaliveandarounduseverywhere.Poetryisnotsomethingforstudentsofliterature:anadvertisementisjustasmuchapoemasaShakespearesonnet(十四行诗).
Poetryfestivalcanmakepoetrymorepopular.Atfestivals,poetsandaudiencesgettogethertoreadandlistentopoetry.Thesongtextsofhip-hopandrapmusicareoftenregardedasanewtypeofpoetryofourtime.Longlivepoetry.
T:Sohavingreadn

sp;thisshortpassage,what’syourpointofviewaboutthedestiny(命运)ofthepoetry？
T：(GW)Thosewhothinkpoetrywillbemorepopular,pleasesitontheleftsideoftheclass,andyouaresideA;Andthosewhothinkpoetrywilldisappear,pleasesitontherightsideoftheclass,andyouaresideB.Thendiscussthetopicwithyourgroupmembers(4Ssagroup)andlastlet’sshareyourideas.Andthemonitorwillbethejudgetohostthediscussion.
T:Monitor,youplease!Youmayopenthediscussionlikethis:I’mhonoredtohostthediscussion.What’sthefutureofthepoetry?Wedon’tknow,butmaybeafterthediscussionwecanhaveaclearunderstandingofpoetry.Nowlet’sopenourearstotheirtalking.SideA,youfirst……
(Thenthemonitorcomestohostthediscussion)
T:Areallyhotdiscussion.Nomatterhowbadpeople’sattitudestowardspoetry,afterallpoetryisashiningstarintheskyofliterature.Therearestillmanypointsforustoappreciate.Enjoypoems,enjoyyourlife!
Step5Homework
Youknowonewaytostoppoemsfromdisappearingistoprovethatpoetryisaliveandarounduseverywhere.Sotoholdapoetryfestivalisagoodidea.
Nowyouareaskedtohelporganizeapoetryfestivalatyourschool.Thefestivalwilltakeplaceontwodaysanditishopedthattheprogrammewillbeinterestingandvaried.Workingroupstodiscussanddecideabouttheprogrammeforthefestival.Discusswhichformsofpoetryshouldbepartofthefestivalandwhichnot
课后记：
Period3Reading
TeachingGoals:
1.Learnaboutpoetsandpoemsofdifferentcountries.
2.ThesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChineseandEnglishpoetsandpoems.
3.Improvethestudent’sreadingability.
4.Tolearnabouttheadvantagesofreadingpoems.
Teachingprocedures:
Step1Warming-up
1.Checkthehomework.
2.AsksomeindividualstorecitesomepoemsinEnglish.
Step2Lead-in
T:WeknowChinahaslonghistoryandsplendidculture.Ofcourse,inthefieldofpoetry,wehavemanyoftheworld’sgreatestpoets.Canyounamesomefamouspoets?
SBSC:LiBai,DuFu,BaiJuyi,WangWei……
T:Goodjob!Thanks.(ShowtheportraitsofLiBaiDuFuonthescreen)Chinesepoets,suchasLiBaiDuFuusetheirgeniustomakethedreamworldofpoetrymorecolorful.HereisapoemwrittenbyLiBai,Ithinkyouarefamiliarwithit.
(Showthepoem望庐山瀑布onthescreen)
T:Okay,let’sreaditaloudtogether.
GreatpoetLiBaiusehisendlessimaginationtodescribethewonderfulsceneryoftheLuShanMountainWaterfall,wecanfeelthepowermagicofthewaterfallthroughthewordsthatLiBaiuse.CanyoureciteanyotherpoemsthatwrittenbyChinesepoets?
(Callseveralofthemtorecite)
T:Welldone!WehavetakenalookontheartofpoetryandChinesepoetry.Next,we’lltakeajourneytoEnglishpoetry(showthethemepageonthescreen).EnglishpoetryisasinterestingandattractiveasChinese.I’llbetheguidetoshowyouaround.
Step3Fast-reading
T:Soherewego!OpenyourbooksandturntoP27,lookattheReadingpart,EnglishPoetry.First,Iwantyoutogothroughthetextquicklyandfindtheanswerstothefollowing2questions:
Q:1.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenpoetryandotherformsofliterature?
2.WhosepoetryremindsChinesereadersofDuFuorLiBai?WhoseofSuDongpo?
(Givethem2minutestofindtheanswers)
T:Well,let’sdealwiththe2questions.
1.①Poetryplayswithsounds,wordsandgrammar.
②Poetryisdifficulttowrite,butinterestingtoread.
③Poetrycallsupallthecolors,feelings,experiencesandcuriousimagesofadreamworld.
2.①WilliamWordsworth,GeorgeGordonByronJohnKeats②JohnDonne
Step4Careful-reading
Task1.ThemainideaofeachparagraphPara.1Thecharactersofpoetry.
Para.2AlookonChinesepoetry.
Para.3ThefirstperiodofModernEnglishpoetry.
Para.4ModernEnglishpoetryinthe19thcentury.
Para.5Whymodernpoetshavespecialattraction?
Para.6TheintroductionofEnglishpoetrytoChina.
Para.7①ThetranslationofEnglishpoetry.②Therolethatpoemsactas.
Task2Atimeline
T:Excellent!Hereisataskforyou.Pleasefocusonparagraph3-5andfinishthetimeline(showitonthescreen),whichwillhelpyoutogetamoreclearimpressionofsomegreatpoetsinEnglishhistory.Nowdoit!
Step4Post-reading
Task1
T:Let’sturntonextstep.LookatP28,Ex.1,makesuretogettherightchoices.
(After2minutes,checktheanswers)
Keys:1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C
Task2
T:Inseveralparagraphs,therearesomewordsinbold;canyoutellwhatdotheyreferto?
Para.1Thatmakespoetrydifficulttowrite,butveryinterestingtoread.
------Poetryplayswithsounds,wordsandgrammar.Para.3Despiteitsshorthistory,thereisalotofgoodpoetryaround.
------Englishpoetry’s
Para.4Thestyleandatmosphereintheirpoemshasoften…------WilliamWordsworth,Byron,JohnKeats
Para.5Finally,modernpoetshavetheirspecial…inthelanguageandimagestheyuse.
------modern

oetsPara.7Theycanhelpustounderstandeachotherbetter,…------poemsandliterature
Step5Further-understanding
T:Thislesson,we’velearntmuchofEnglishpoetry,it’sanexcitingexperience.Hereisaquestionforyou:thewritertalksaboutthetranslationofpoemsinthelastparagraph.Thinkthisquestion;
Task1
Q:Ifapoemistranslatedintoanotherlanguage,isitstillthesamepoem?Whataresomedifferences?
A:Somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworksislost(includingrhythm,rhyme,figuresofspeechofthepoem,etc.).七步诗.)
Task2
T:ThepoetMuDanwroteashortpoem,“Quietly,weembraceInaworldlitupbywords.”.
Q:Canyouuseyourownwordstoexplainit?
A:Whenpeoplefromonecountryreadthepoemsfromanother,theywillbestruckbywhatisinsidethepoem,sotheywillunderstandeachotherandbecomegoodfriends.
Step6Enjoyment
T:Youhaveunderstoodthemagicthatpoetrybrings,that’sgreat!There,wecanuseaimagetodescribethespecialrolethatpoemsandliteratureactas,“Poemsandliteraturecanbebridges.”Canyougiveotherimagestoexpressthesameidea?Who’dliketohaveatry?
A:1.PoemsandliteraturecanbetiesthatbringtheEastandtheWesttogether.
2.PoemsandliteraturecanbefinewineenjoyedbytheEastandtheWest.
T:Wesay,PoemscanbefinewineenjoyedbytheEastandtheWest.ThatmeansnotmatteryouareaEnglishorChinese,youcanfindamusementinpoem.ButhowtoenjoyaEnglishpoem?Weneedtoknowseveralsimpleprinciple,doyouwanttoknowwhatprinciplestheyare?(Yes!)Well,let’sseeaclipofvideo.
(Aftertheendofthevideo,showthenextslide)
T:WhenenjoyanEnglishpoem,youshould:1.Useyourheartandemotion.2.Imagineyouareexactlyinthedreamworldofthatpoem.
Step7Discussion
T:It’sreallyamusing!Attheendofthislesson,let’shaveadiscussion.
Arepoemsgoodforourlife?Whatcanwegetfrompoems?
1.Poemsbringpassion(激情)toourlife.
2.Poemshelpustounderstandlife,virtues,beautyandromance…
3.Poemsmakeusknow,wearehere,wecanmakeourlifeandtheworldmorecolorful!
Step8Homework
1.Readthetextagaintogetabetterunderstanding.2.ReadandtranslateseveralgoodEnglishpoems.
3.Getsomeinformationaboutfamouspoetsoninternetifpossible
ReferenceforTeaching
ONTHESEA
JohnKeats
Itkeepseternalwhisperingsaround
Desolateshores,andwithitsmightyswell
GlutstwicetenthousandCaverns,tillthespell
OfHecateleavesthemtheiroldshadowysound.
Often’tisinsuchgentletemperfound,
Thatscarcelywilltheverysmallestshell
Bemov’dfordaysfromwhereitsometimefell,
WhenlastthewindsofHeavenwereunbound.
Ohye!whohaveyoureye-ballsvex’dandtir’d,
FeastthemuponthewidenessoftheSea;
Ohye!whohaveyoureye-ballsvex’dandtir’d,
FeastthemuponthewidenessoftheSea;
Ohye!whoseearsaredinn’dwithuproarrude,
Orfedtoomuchwithcloyingmelody-
SityenearsomeoldCavern’sMouth,andbrood
Untilyestart,asifthesea-nymphsquir’d!
ASOLDIER
RobertFrost
Heisthatfallenlancethatliesashurled,
Thatliesunliftednow,comedew,comerust,
Butstillliespointedasitploughedthedust.
Ifwewhosightalongitroundtheworld,
Seenothingworthytohavebeenitsmark,
Itisbecauselikemenwelooktoonear,
Forgettingthatasfittedtothesphere,
Ourmissilesalwaysmaketooshortanarc.
Theyfall,theyripthegrass,theyintersect
Thecurveofearth,andstriking,breaktheirown;
Theymakeuscringeformetal-pointonstone.
Butthisweknow,theobstaclethatchecked
Andtrippedthebody,shotthespiriton
Furtherthantargetevershowedorshone.
TheIslesofGreece
GeorgeGordonByron
TheislesofGreece!theislesofGreece!
WhereburningSappholovedandsung,
Wheregrewtheartsofwarandpeace,--
WhereDelosroseandPhoebussprung!
Eternalsummergildsthemyet,
Butall,excepttheirsun,isset.
TheScianandtheTeianmuse,
Thehero’sharp,thelover’slute,
Havefoundthefameyourshoresrefuse;
Theirplaceofbirthaloneismute
Tosoundswhichechofurtherwest
Thanyoursires’"IslandsoftheBlest."
ThemountainslookonMarathon--
AndMarathonlooksonthesea;
Andmusingthereanhouralone,
Idream’dthatGreecemightyetbefree
For,standingonthePersians’grave,
Icouldnotdeemmyselfaslave.
哀希腊
拜伦
希腊群岛呵，美丽的希腊群岛！
火热的萨弗在这里唱过恋歌；
在这里，战争与和平的艺术并兴，
狄洛斯崛起，阿波罗跃出海面！
永恒的夏天还把海岛镀成金，
可是除了太阳，一切已经消沉。开奥的缪斯，蒂奥的缪斯，
那英雄的竖琴，恋人的琵琶，
原在你的岸上博得了声誉，
而今在这发源地反倒喑哑；
呵，那歌声已远远向西流传，
远超过你祖先的“海岛乐园”。起伏的山峦望着马拉松－
马拉松望着茫茫的海波；
我独自在那里冥想一刻钟，
梦想希腊仍旧自由而欢乐；
因为，当我在波斯墓上站立，
我不能想象自己是个奴隶。
DonMclean–Vincent
Teachingaims:
1.LearnandmasterthePastParticipleusedasadverbial.
3.ComparethedifferencesbetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticipleusedasadverbial.
TeachingProcedures:
Step1Song
Askthestudentstolistenandlearntosingthesong
Anappleaday,
Keepsthedoctoraway.
Anappleaday,
Keepsthedoctoraway.
A-P-P-L-E,“apple”
Thenaskthestudentstolookatthewordsfromthesong---“day,away”.
T:Whatdothesetwowordshaveincommon?
S:Theyendwiththesamevowel---/ei/.
T:If

nbsp;twowordshavethesamesound,includingavowel,wecansaytheyrhyme.Whocangiveussomewordsthatrhyme?
S:Horseandmouse,schoolandfool…
NowlookatPart2.Pleasereadthemandmatchthewordsthatrhyme.
Suggestedanswers:
mad-gladtale-failglory-storyrecite-nightcow-ploughshade-afraidisle-smileembrace-base
Step2Wordstudy
T:PleaseturntoPage29.LookatWordStudy,Part1.Fillintheblankswithwordsinthetext.Haveadiscussionwithyourpartnerandthenwe’llchecktheanswers:
Suggestedanswers:
1.poem2.absence3.atmosphere4.stories5.poets6.translated(put)
Step3Grammar
Showthetwosentencesonthescreen.
Thepastparticipleusedasadverbial.
1.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.
2.Nomatterhowwelltranslated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.
T:Lookatthetwosentencesonthescreen,whocantellustheirChinesemeanings.
1.一经出版，他的作品就因不押韵而著名。
2．即使翻译得再好，一经翻译，原作的一些精华就没有了。
T:Canyouthinkofanotherwaytoexpresstheseideas?
Suggestedanswers:
1.Onceit(hiswork)waspublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.
2.Nomatterhowwellitistranslated,somethingofthespiritoftheoriginalworkislost.
T:Fromthesentenceswe’vediscussed,weknowthatifthepastparticipleisusedasadverbial,wecanchangethemintotheadverbialclauses,whichhasthesamemeaning.NowturntoPage30.PleaselookatGrammarPart1.Completeeachsentencebyusingthepastparticipleoftherightverb.Beforedoingthat,whowilltellthemeaningsofthewordsinthebox?
Suggestedanswers:
1.Frightened2.followed3.examined4.Built5.Seen6.trapped7.shot
Step4Practice
Showthesentencesonthescreen.
1.Thecastle,burneddownin1943,wasneverbuilt.
2.Ifleftaloneonadesertedisland,whatwouldyoudotosurvive?
T:Lookatthetwosentencesonthescreen.Eachofthesentenceshasapastparticiple.Haveadiscussionaboutthemanddecidetheirfunctions.
Suggestedanswers;
1.Inthefirstsentencethepastparticiplephrase“burneddownin1943”isusedasattribute,modifyingthenoun“castle”.Themeaningofthewholesentenceis:1943年被夷为平地的那座城堡，再也没有重建。
2.Inthesecondsentence,“leftaloneonadesertedisland”isusedasadverbial,expressingcondition.Themeaningofthewholesentenceis:“如果你流落到一个荒凉的岛上，为了生存下去，你会怎么办呢？
NowlookatPart2anddecidethefunctionofeachpastparticiplephrase.Youcandoitinpairsorgroups.
Suggestedanswers:
1.AT2.AD3.AD4.AT
Step5Consolidation
T:LookattheexampleonPage30.Herearetwosentences.Theybothhavethesamemeaningbuttheiradverbialsareexpressedinthedifferentways.StudytheexampleandthenrewritethesentencesonPage31,usingaclausetosubstitutethepastparticiplephrase.
Suggestedanswers:
1.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.
2.Ashewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures,
3.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
4.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
5.Asshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
5.Thoughshewasleftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Step6Comparison
Showtwopictures.Askthestudentstomakesentencesusingthepresentparticipleandpastparticipleasadverbial.
A.Whencrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.
B.Followedbymanystudents,theteachercamein.
T:Welldone,sofarwehavefinishedlearningthepresentandpastparticipleusedasadverbial.Let’shavearevisionandmakeacomparison.
1.共同点:现在分词和过去分词在句中不能单独作谓语,但可作定语,表语,宾语补足语,状语.
分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语.如:
正确:Lookingfromthetopofthehill,wecanseethewholetown..
错误:Beinganorphan,thevillagerstakegoodcareofthechild.
正确:Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.
错误:Seeingfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.
2.不同点:现在分词有时态和语态的变化;而过去分词只有一种形式,现在分词常表”主动”和“进行”;过去分词的一般式常表“被动”和“完成”.
式语态及物动词make的主动语态及物动词make的被动语态
不及物动词rise
现在分词一般式makingbeingmaderising
完成式havingmadehavingbeenmadehavingrisen
过去分词maderisen
3.易混淆点:
a.分词作伴随状语时,若表”正在被……”的概念,常用过去分词,而不用现在分词的被动式.
Followedbysomeofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
b.现在分词的完成被动式和过去分词两者都可表示“完成”和“被动”,但前者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作;而后者的时间性不强.
HavingbeentoldtostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.
Step7Practice
“分词”专项能力训练题
单项填空
1.What’sthelanguage_______inGermany?
A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak
2.Hehadhisleg________inthematchyesterday?
A.tobreakB.brokenC.breakD.breaking
3.Itwassocoldthathekeptthefire_______allnight.
A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned
4.She’supstairs_________letters.
A.writesB.iswritingC.writeD.nbs,;,;,;writing
5.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid________tothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
6.Thelecturewasso_________thattheywereall_________.
A.inspiring:excitingB.inspiring;excited
C.inspired;excitedD.inspired;exciting
7.Thewheatfieldsareirrigatedbywater_______fromapondthroughbamboopipes.
A.bringB.bringsC.broughtD.bringing
8.Thisisoneofthebooks________byhimnow.
A.tobewrittenB.beingwritten
C.havingbeenwrittenD.isbeenwritten
9.Thebook________belongstome.
A.whichlyingonthetableB.lyingonthetable
C.isonthetableD.layonthetable
10.Thepoorboylookedtotherightandtotheleft,_______wheretogo.
A.notknowingB.nottoknow
C.didn’tknowD.notbeingknown
11._________anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.
A.NotknownB.Knownnot
C.KnowingnotD.NotKnowing
12.Thisnewssounds_________.
A.encouragingB.encouraged
C.encourageD.toencourage
13._________,thesubjectbelongstobiology.
A.StrictlyspokenB.Spokenstrictly
C.StrictlyspeakingD.Speakingstrictly
14.__________,theplayerstriedtheirbesttowinthegamefortheircountry.
A.GreatlyencouragedB.Havinggreatlyencouraged
C.Tobegreatlyencouraged.D.Greatlyencouraged
15.________thatmistakeonce,Ishallnotmakethesamemistakeagain.
A.MadeB.TomakeC.MakingD.Havingmade
16.---Willyougototheparty?
---OfcourseIwill_________.
A.ifinvitedB.ifhavinginvited
C.ifIwasinvitedD.ifIwillbeinvited
17._________achild,Elizabethenjoyedstudyingartandmusic.
A.ShewasB.WhenwasC.WhenbeingD.Being
18.Thebridge_________nowovertheChangjiangRiverwillbecompletedattheendofthisyear.
A.builtB.isbeingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
19._________thattherewasanaccidentahead,thebusdriverchangedcourse.
A.WarningB.Havingwarned
C.TobewarnedD.Havingbeenwarned
20.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,________thathahadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.adding.D.added
Suggestedanswers:
1---5BBCDA6---10BCBBA11---15DACAD16---20ADCDC
Homework
Finishthewordstudyandgrammarpartontheworkbook.
课后记：
Period5Integratingskills
Teachingaims:
1.Learntoreadpoemsaloudwithexpression.
2.Learntoenjoysimplepoemsandinterpretbasicelementsofpoetry.
3.Practicelisteningactively
4.TogetSsknowthegoodthatpoemsandsongsdotopeople.
5.Toappreciatesomesongsandpoemsandenjoythefeelingthatsongsandpoemsbringtoyou.
StepOneWarming-up
ReadtheLyricsandsingtothemusic.
Emilia-BigBigWorld
I’mabigbiggirl
Inabigbigworld
It’snotabigbigthingifuleaveme
ButIdodofeel
ThatItootoowill
Missumuch
Missumuch
*V1*
Icanseethefirstleafsfalling
It’sallyellowandnice
It’ssoverycoldoutside
LikethewayI’mfeelinginside
*Chorus*
I’mabigbiggirl
Inabigbigworld
It’snotabigbigthingifuleaveme
ButIdodofeel
ThatItootoowill
Missumuch
Missumuch
*V2*
Outsideit’snoraining
Andtearsarefallingfrommyeyes
Whydidithavetohappen
Whydiditallhavetoend
*Chorus*
I’mabigbiggirl
Inabigbigworld
It’snotabigbigthingifuleaveme
ButIdodofeel
ThatItootoowill
Missumuch
Missumuch
*V3*
Ihaveyourarmsaroundme
Warmlikefire
ButwhenIopenmyeyes......
Yourgone
*Chorus*
I’mabigbiggirl
Inabigbigworld
It’snotabigbigthingifuleaveme
ButIdodofeel
ThatItootoowill
Missumuch
Missumuch
*RepeatChorus*
I’mabigbiggirl
Inabigbigworld
It’snotabigbigthing
Ifuleaveme
ButIdo
FeelIwill
Missumuch
missumuch
Afterenjoythesong,asktheSswhatthesongabout?Doyoulikeit?Why?
Askthemtocomparesingingsongstoreadingpoems.
StepTwoPre-reading
Afterthepreviousbriefactivityofcomparingsingingsongsandreadingpoems,leadthemtothetitleSongsandPoems.Ask“Arethesongwordsalsoakindofpoemlines?”Theymaythinkofthefactthatinancienttimespoemsweresung.
StepThreeWhile-reading
Invitestudentstolistunfamiliarwordsthattheynoticedinthepassage.

.g.avoid,recite,extraordinary
StepFourPost-reading
Assessstudentsunderstandingbyaskingtheirafewquestions:
1.Whendoesthewritersingsongs?
2.Whendidthewriterbegintotouchonpoetry?
3.WhendoesthewriterreadKeatsandwhenWordsworth?
StepFiveExerciseI
Brieflyintroduce"DustofSnow"byRobertFrost.
1.Listeningandreadingaloud
PlaytherecordingofRobertfrost’sDustofSnowatahighvolumeasthestudentslistenandthenhavethemrepeataftertherecording.Guidethemtoreadwithexpression.
2.Discussion
Discusshowmanycharactersareinvolvedinthepoem.
(Thereisnorightorwronganswerhereaslongasthestudentscangiveareasonwhytheywanttoassignaparttoacertaincharacter.)
Possibleanswersinclude:
Two(acrowandaperson),
Four(acrow,aperson,atreeaheart)
3.Analysis
Guidethemtonoticetheline"Achangeofmood".
Askthemafewquestions
1.hismoodhaschanged,fromwhatmoodtowhatmood?
2.Whathappenstobringaboutthechange?
4.Appreciation
Brainstormabouthowstudentsfeelatthebeginningofthepoem.
Answersmayvary:
TheCrowmayletsomeofthemthinkofbadluck.
TheCrowabovethewriter’sheadmayletsomeofthemthinkofalonelyplace.
5.Practice
Getstudentstoreadthepoemaloudagainandhavesomeofthemtorecitethepoeminclass.
StepSixEnjoyyourselves
AsksomeSstosingthesong----Rightherewaiting
EnjoysomeotherEnglishsongsiftimepermits
Homework:
1.DrawacoupleofcomicstripsaccordingtotheimageryofDustofSnow
2.Finishtheworkbookpassage"TheBirthofModernPoetry"byyourself.
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