88教案网

LadyinRed教学设计

俗话说,居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。教师要准备好教案,这是教师工作中的一部分。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢?小编收集并整理了“LadyinRed教学设计”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

LadyinRed教学设计
一、教学课型:阅读课
二、教材分析
阅读文章LadyinRed选自吉林出版集团有限责任公司、外语教育出版公司出版的《英语知道40个文化故事》。故事叙述了主人公因中西文化在颜色方面的差异而造成的不愉快经历。文章内容适合高一学生的认知水平,贴近学生的生活,有助于学生文化意识和情感态度价值观的培养;话题生活化,有助于丰富学生的语言知识和培养学生的语言能力;通过阅读,学生熟悉高中的阅读方法策略。
三、学情分析
高一新生正处在初高中角色转换期,高一的英语教学也要考虑到这个问题,对他们的语言知识和语言能力方面的要求既是初中的延续,又要略高于初中时的要求,在阅读方法策略方面要充分考虑延续和提高的要求。
四、教学总体思路
整个教学过程以“信息获取、词汇猜测、语言运用、讨论提升等”为主线,以完成任务(阅读、思考、反馈、猜词、朗读)为教学形式,引导学生实践高中的阅读方法和策略,完成学习任务。
五、教学过程
StepI.Lead-in
Introducingmyselfandtalkingaboutfavoritesongs.
(以同名歌曲Theladyinred片段为引入,为阅读作铺垫:
TheLadyInRed
ByChristDeBurgh
Iveneverseenyoulookingsolovelyasyoudidtonight
Iveneverseenyoushinesobright
Iveneverseensomanymenaskyouifyouwantedtodance

Itsjustyouandme
ItswhereIwanttobe
AndIhardlyknowtheresbeautybymyside
Illneverforgetthewayyoulooktonight
Ineverwillforgetthewayyoulooktonight
Theladyinred)
设计说明:教师引导学生从歌词(looksolovely,shinesobright,somanymenhopetodancewithher)获取信息:Theladyinredisreallybeautifulandlovely.然后引导学生思考问题:Isaladyinredalwaysbeautifulandlovelyinanysituation?以顺利引入课文阅读。
StepII.FastReading
Q1:Wherewastheladyinredgoing?
Q2:DidJanandherfamilylikeher?
设计说明:通过浅显并体现阅读主题的两个问题使学生大致了解文章,为文章的进一步理解和通过语境猜词义作准备;浅显的问题让学生放松,尽快适应新的上课环境。
StepIII.Comprehending
I.Readthepassageandfillintheform.

BeforetheweddingAttheweddingAfterthewedding
HowSufeltExcitedUnhappy,sadLost
WhatSudidBoughtaredsuitHadnobodytotalktoUnderstoodwhathadhappened
II.Readthepassageagainanddotrueorfalseexercises.
1.Suthoughtblackandwhitewouldbegoodforawedding.
2.Su’sblousehadsee-throughsleeves.
3.AtJan’shouseJangreetedSuhappily.
4.SuintroducedJantoherfamily.
5.Sufoundallthisdifficulttounderstand,butfinallyunderstoodwhathadhappened.
6.Suwouldnotbeangrywithpeoplejustbecauseofaculturalmisunderstanding.
III.Practiceusingthewordsgivenjab88.coM

wedding,see-through,greet,introduce,confusing,misunderstanding
1.Ather______________,she____________metoherfriendTomandwe____________eachother.
2.Ishallspeakinsimplewordssothattheremaybeno__________________.
3.Itisnotgoodforateachertoweara__________________dresstoclass.
4.Ifoundthemathproblem_______________.
设计说明:这一环节让学生深入理解阅读材料。通过阅读输入语言,让学生了解和练习高中阅读方法和策略,获取和归纳信息,根据语境理解生词意思,并设计语境让学生运用巩固生词,学以致用。在获取和归纳信息的同时,融入朗读指导(意群)。(在表格中填入understoodwhathadhappened后,引导学生思考主人公犯错的原因,并从Su和Jan的视角对文化差异问题的理解作进一步提升。)
StepIII.Readforlanguage
Rewritetheunderlinedparts
1.Iwasthinkingofwhattoweartothewedding.
2.ThedayoftheweddingmyfriendspickedmeupsothatwecouldgotogethertoJan’shouse.
3.IwantedtocrybecauseeveryonekeptlookingatmelikeIhaddonesomethingwrong.
设计说明:在学生获取和归纳信息,根据语境理解生词意思,巩固运用生词之后,引导学生根据语境意思用自己的语言改写句子:whattowear(whatIshouldwear),pickmeup(givemealift/ride),like(asif),了解语言点的处理。
StepIV.Groupwork
1.Discussandgivethepassageabettertitle.Giveyourreasons.
2.IfyouwereSuandJan,whatwouldyoudoatthewedding?Actitout.
3.Ifyouarestudyinginaschoolwithstudentsfromdifferentcountries,whatshouldyoudonottomakeculturalmistakes?
设计说明:此环节目的在于让学生运用所学内容,拓展思维,对课堂内容有较好的输出,提高学生在实际生活中的为人处事能力和文化意识能力。
StepV.Homework
1.Readthepassageagain,payingattentiontosensegroups.
2.Writeastoryofculturalmistakesofyourown.

相关知识

LadyinRed学案


LadyinRed学案
I.Enjoythesong“TheLadyinRed”byChrisDeBurgh.
II.Readthestoryfasttoanswertwoquestions:
1.Wherewastheladyinredgoing?
2.DidJanandherfamilylikeher?
III.Readthestoryanddothefollowing:
1.Fillintheform
BeforetheweddingAttheweddingAfterthewedding
HowSufelt
WhatSudid
2.Dotrueorfalseexercisesandthenreadthesentenceswithgoodsensegroups.
(1).Suthoughtblackandwhitewouldbegoodforawedding.
(2).Su’sblousehadsee-throughsleeves.
(3).AtJan’shouseJangreetedSuhappily.
(4).SuintroducedJantoherfamily.
(5).Sufoundallthisdifficulttounderstand,butfinallyunderstoodwhathadhappened.
(6).Suwouldnotbeangrywithpeoplejustbecauseofaculturalmisunderstanding.
3.Practiceusingthewordsgiven
wedding,see-through,greet,introduce,confusing,misunderstanding
1.Ather______________,she____________metoherfriendTomandwe____________eachother.
2.Ishallspeakinsimplewordssothattheremaybeno__________________.
3.Itisnotgoodforateachertoweara__________________dresstoclass.
4.Ifoundthemathproblem_______________.
III.Rewritetheunderlinedpartsinyourownwords.
1.Iwasthinkingofwhattoweartothewedding.
2.ThedayoftheweddingmyfriendspickedmeupsothatwecouldgotogethertoJan’shouse.
3.IwantedtocrybecauseeveryonekeptlookingatmelikeIhaddonesomethingwrong.
IV.Groupwork
1.Discussandgivethepassageabettertitle.Giveyourreasons.
2.IfyouwereSuandJan,whatwouldyoudoatthewedding?Actitout.
3.Ifyouarestudyinginaschoolwithstudentsfromdifferentcountries,whatshouldyoudonottomakeculturalmistakes?
V.Homework
1.Readthepassageagain,payingattentiontosensegroups.
2.Writeastoryofculturalmistakesofyourown.

Underthesea教学设计


作为优秀的教学工作者,在教学时能够胸有成竹,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。关于好的教案要怎么样去写呢?考虑到您的需要,小编特地编辑了“Underthesea教学设计”,相信能对大家有所帮助。

Underthesea教学设计

WarmingUpprovidestwoactivitiestosparkstudentsinterestinthetopic.Ofcourse,beforetheclass,thestudentsmusthavegatheredsomeinformationtomakepreparationsforthisclass.Manykindsoftheirfavoriteseaanimalsarepresentedintheirvividpictures.Studentsareencouragedtointroducethemusingsomenewexpressionssuchasatanaquarium,onasnorkellingtrip.
Pre-readingisdesignedtofurtherstimulatetheirinterestinthetopicoftheunit.Meanwhile,studentsmayhavesomebasicinformationaboutthetext.
ThereadingpassageOldTomtheKillerWhaletellsabouttwoanecdoteswitnessedbythewriterhimself.Theteachercanfirstgetstudentstoskimthetextforthecharactersinthetwoanecdotesandgetthemainideaofeachanecdote.Thenletthemscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordertoletstudentspayattentiontothewritersvividdescription,theteachercanaskthemtodoablank-fillingexerciseinpairstofindoutsomekeyverbsandverbphrases.Havingdonethis,studentsmusthavehadaveryclearunderstandingofthewholehuntingandsavingprocess.Tomaketheirunderstandingeasier,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Andthenunderlinesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.
Forfurtherthinking,studentsareexpectedtoworkinpairsorgroups.Theywilldiscusstheproblemsandworkouttheanswerscooperatively,choosingareporterintheirgroup.Studentswillthinkactively,sovariousanswersarepossible.
Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassageinthenameofOldTomorthebaleenwhaleorJameswithasmanykeywordsaspossible.
Attheendoftheclass,byholdingadebate,theteachercanarousestudentsinterestfurtheraswellasmakethemawareoftherelationshipbetweenmanandanimalsandtheimportanceofbanningwhaling.
三维目标 
知识目标
1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:anecdote,annual,witness,accommodation,shore,opposite,yell,pause,telescope,teamwork,dive,depth,lip,urge,abandon,shark,relationship,help...out.
2.Letstudentslearnaboutseveraldifferenttypesofwhales,especiallythekillerwhales.
能力目标
1.Enablethestudentstolearntotalkabouttheirfavoriteseaanimals.
2.Developstudentsreadingabilitybylearningtoreadaboutthekillerwhalesandletthemlearndifferentlearningskills.
3.Developtheircreativethinkingability.
情感目标
1.Arousestudentsgreatinterestinseaanimals.
2.Makethemawareoftherelationshipbetweenmanandanimalsandtheimportanceofbanningwhaling.
3.Developstudentssenseofcooperativelearning.
教学重点 
1.Readingcomprehensiontothetext.
2.Learningmoreaboutthekillerwhalesandunderstandingtherelationshipbetweenthekillerwhalesandthewhalers.
3.Importantwordsandexpressions.
教学难点 
1.Therelationshipbetweenthekillerwhalesandthewhalers.
2.Developstudentsreadingability.
教学方法 
1.Individual,pairandgroupwork.
2.Task-basedteachingandlearning.
3.Quiz,discussion,blank-filling,retelling,debate.
教学工具 
Acomputerandaprojector.
教学过程 
?Step1 Warmingup
1.Asksomestudentstoshowsomepicturesoftheirfavoriteseaanimalsandintroducethemtotheclass.Theintroductionshouldcovertheseaspects:
TheEnglishandChinesenameofyourfavoriteseaanimal.
Wheredidyoufindit?
Somefeaturesofit,itsdistribution,orlivingcondition.Anythingaboutitiswelcome.
Whydoyoulikeit?
Sampleintroduction:
①Myfavoriteseaanimalisdolphins(海豚).Ifoundthematanaquariumthissummerholiday.Dolphinsareverymeek(温顺的).Neitherastimidanimalsinvirginforestswhorunawayimmediatelytheydiscoverastranger,norasbeastsinremotemountainswhobarefangsandbrandishclawsthemomenttheyencounteraperson,dolphinsarealwaysfriendlywithpeople.Dolphinsandhumanbeingshavebeenonfriendlytermsallalong.
Ilikedolphins,becausedolphinsaretrulyintellectual.Theycanevenimitatesomepeoplesvoiceafteraperiodoftraining.Yet,dolphinshaveintelligencedifferentfromcommonanimals.Thevolumeandmassoftheirbrainareamongthemostconsiderableintheanimalworld.Uptothepresentmoment,scientistshavetwodifferentviewsonanimalsintelligence:oneisthatofallanimals,chimpsarethemostintellectualandcapable;anotheristhatchimpsarenomorecapableofstudyingthandolphins,anditisprobablethatdolphinsaremoreintellectualthanchimps.Therefore,somepeopleconsiderdolphinsas“wizardsinthesea”.
Whenmentioningdolphins,peoplewillprobablyspeakhighlyoftheirsupernormalintelligenceandability.Inthataquarium,itiscommonthatdolphinsaregivingawonderfulperformancebyfollowingthetrainersinstructions.Theyseemtobecapableofunderstandingwhatmankindexpressesandtakingactionsaccordingtotheinstructions.Atpresent,themajorityofpeoplemarvelatdolphinssupernormalintelligenceasakindofseaanimal.Buttowhatextentcandolphinsintelligenceandabilityachieve?Itremainstobeprobedandresearched.
②Myfavoriteseaanimalistropicalfish(热带鱼).Ifoundthemonasnorkellingtrip.Iwasattractedbyitscolorfulappearance.Inthehalfanhourstripfromtheshore,Ifoundcoralreefs,tropicalfishandothermarinelife.Excitedly,Iboughtsomefisheshome.Itwasmyfirsttimetoraisetropicalfish.Onemonthagomyfriendtoldmethattropicalfishareeasiertoraisethanthegoldenfish.Herwordsletmethinkofanotherfriendofmine.Heisraisingtropicalfish.Iamfeedingfourcategoriesoftropicalfish.Twoblackmarry,eightpeacocks,anothertwofishes,althoughIdontknowtheirnames,arethemostbeautiful.ThepeacockisthesmallestandisntcolorfulasIhaveseeninotherplacesbefore.Myfriendtoldmetheywillbebeautifulwhentheygrowup.SoIputtheeightpeacockfishintoasmallfishjar.Iobservesthemeverydayandisexpectingthemtobebiggerandmorecolorful.Twoofthefourbigtropicalfisheshavediedincludingthebeautifulone.Perhapsthebeautifulfishslifeisfragile.Ifitistrue,thenIdontexpectthesmallpeacockstoturnbeautiful.Ishouldntbesogreedytowantboth.Thattheyjusthavestronglifeisenoughforme.
2.Theteachershowthepictureofakillerwhaleanddoasmallquizaboutit.
(1)WhatstheChineseandEnglishnameofthiswhale?
虎鲸Killerwhales
(2)CanyoumatchthesewhaleswiththeirChineseandEnglishnames?(Showstudentssomepicturesofdifferentwhales.)
 
baleenwhale须鲸spermwhale抹香鲸
bluewhale蓝鲸whitewhale白鲸
(3)Whichofthesekindsofwhalescangrowtobethelargest?
Bluewhales蓝鲸(about21-27minlength,100-120tonsinweight)
(4)Humanshavebeenhuntingwhalesformorethan__A__years.
A.2000 B.1000 C.500
(5)Willthekillerwhalesattackpeopleandeatthem? No.
(6)Doesafemalekillerwhalegivebirthtoababywhaleorlayeggs? Givebirthtoababywhale.
(7)Whatdoesanewly-bornbabykillerwhalefeedon?__C__
A.Smallseaanimals.B.Seaplants.C.Itsmothersmilk.
(8)Dothekillersbelongtothefamilyofdolphinsorwhales? Dolphins.
(9)Malekillerwhaleshavealifeexpectancyof__B__years,whilefemalescanliveaslongas__D__years.
A.40-50 B.50-60 C.60-70 D.80-90
(10)Killersarehighlysocialanimalsthattravelingroupscalledpods(群).Podsusuallyconsistof__A__whales.
A.2-50B.20-50C.30-60
(11)Howmanysoundscanakillerwhalemake? 62sounds.
(12)Arekillersendangeredspeciesandinneedofconservation? No.
(13)Thekillerwhalesaresometimescalledthe“__A__ofthesea”becausetheyarebothveryfierce.
A.wolfB.dogC.tiger
?Step2 Pre-reading
1.ReadthewordsinPre-readingonPage19quicklyandfillintheform.
WriterAnoldmancalledClancy
OccupationAwhaler
StyleAnecdotes
TimeAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury
PlaceAustralia
WhathappenedThekillerwhaleshelpedthewhalerscatchabaleenwhale.

?Step3 Skimming
1.Glancethroughthetwoanecdotesanduseonesentencetogetthemainideaofeachanecdote.
Mainideas:
Anecdoteone:Thekillerwhaleshelpedthewhalerstocatchabaleenwhale.
Anecdotetwo:OldTomsavedawhalerJames.
2.Fillintheblankswiththenamesoftherolesinthetext.
(1)______was16yearsofagewhenhewenttoworkatthewhalingstation.
(2)______orderdClancytogototheboatastherewasawhaleoutthereinthebay.
(3)______wasswimmingbytheboatshowingthewhalerstheway.
(4)______toldClancythattheywouldreturnthenextdaytobringinthebodyofthewhale.
(5)______wascarriedbythewavesfurtherandfurtherawayfromthewhalers.
(6)______knewthatOldTomwouldprotectJames.
Suggestedanswers:(1)Clancy (2)George (3)OldTom (4)Jack (5)James (6)Red
?Step4 Scanning
1.Readthesetwoanecdotescarefullyandfindoutsomeverbsorverbphrasestodotheblank-fillingworksheet.
Anecdoteone:
Therewasperfectcooperationbetweenthewhalersandthekillerwhales.
Beforethehunt
Thekillersaction:Threw_itselfout_ofthewaterandthencrashed_downagain.
Swam_bytheboat,showingthewhalerstheway.
Circledbacktotheboat,leadingthewhalerstothehunt.
Thewhalersreaction:Awhaleryelledout.Georgeranahead_of_clancy.Clancyraced_afterhim.
Theyjumped_into_theboatwiththeotherwhalersandheaded_outintothebay.
Duringandafterthehunt
Thekillersaction:Apackofkillersarethrowing_themselvesontopofthewhalesblow-holeto_stopitbreathing;someothersarestoppingitfleeing_outtosea.
Thekillersstartedracing_betweenthewhalersboatandthewhale,justlikeapackofexciteddogs.
Withinamomentortwo,thewhalesbodywasdragged_down_intothedepthsofthesea.
Thewhalersreaction:Themaninthebowoftheboataimedaharpoonatthewhaleandletitgotohitthespot.
Startedturningtheboataroundtogohome.
Anecdotetwo:
ThedangersfacingJames:
(1)Hewaswashed_off_theboatandwascarried_away_byroughwaves.
(2)Therewasasharkoutthere.
ThehelpofferedbyOldTom:
(1)OldTomwouldnt_let_thesharknear.
(2)OldTomfirmlyheldJamesupinthewater.
2.Readingaloudandunderliningexpressions.
Studentsreadthetextaloudtothetapeandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintotheirnotebooksafterclassashomework.
Suggestedanswers:
Collections:atthetime,witnesssth.withonesowneyesmanytimes,sortoutmyaccommodation,intimetodosth.,crashdown,yellout,aheadof,fleeouttosea,aimat,letsth.go,bedraggedswiftlydownintothedepthsofthesea,inthemeantime,haveagoodfeedonsth.,becarriedfurtherandfurtheraway,befirmlyheldupinthewater
3.Reading,identifyingandsettling.
Studentsskimthetextonceagainandidentifythedifficultsentences.Letthemtryanalyzingthestructuresofthedifficultsentencesanddiscussthemamongtheirgroupmembers.Theymayalsoturntotheteacherforhelp.
...Georgedidntlikebeingkeptwaiting...
...Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.
Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.
...Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyus.
?Step5 Discussion
Afterthestudentsreadthepassage,askthemtodiscussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandthenreporttotheclass.
1.WhyhasthekillerwhalegotthenameOldTom?
2.Doyoulikekillerwhales?Whyorwhynot?
Suggestedanswers:
1.OldTomisapersonsname.Inmyopinion,thereasonswhythekillerinthetextiscalledsomaybetwo.Foronething,thekillerthatshowedthewhalersthewaytothehuntandsavedJamesmustbeamalekillerwhalebecauseTomisamansname.Foranother,thewhalerscalleditOldTom,justastheywerecallingaman.Thatistosay,thewhalerstreateditastheirdearfriend.Inthemeantime,thekilleritselfmustbeveryfriendlytothewhalersandhelpedthemalotinhuntinginthesea.Inreturn,thekillercangetpartofthebaleenwhaleasitsfood.Sotosomeextent,thewhalersandkillersaredependingoneachother.Theycooperatedwellandlivedinharmonywithoneanother.
2.IlikekillerwhalesbecausewhenJamesfellofftheboat,thekillerwhalenotonlyprotectedhimfrombeingdrownedbutalsowouldntletthesharknear.Theyaresocleverandfriendlytohumanbeings.Whatsmore,theyworkedasateam,whichshouldbelearnedbyuswhenweareworking.
Idontlikethem.Thoughtheyarecleverandfriendlytous,theyaretoofierce.Tomygreatsurprise,theyshouldeatthefleshofanotherwhale.Icouldhardlybelieveit.Ihaveneverheardofoneanimalkillinghisfamiliesandeveneatingtheirmeat.Howpitifulitis!
?Step6 Further-thinking
1.Whatelsedoyouthinkisamazinginthestory?Showyourevidence.
2.Whatisananecdote?
Suggestedanswers:
1.Ithinkitissoamazingthatwehumanbeingsshoulduseoneanimaltoattackorhuntanotheranimalevenhisownfamilymembers,justlikedogsthathelphuntershuntanimals.
Ithinkthatthekillerwillreturnthebodyofthebaleenwhaleinsteadofkeepingitoreatingitupisveryamazing.ButIguessthekillerwhalesarejustfondofthetasteofthebaleenwhaleslipsandtongue.Ortheyjustwanttoshareitwiththewhalersinreturnfortheircooperation.
2.Accordingtothetext,asfarasIamconcerned,ananecdotemustbeanexcitingoramazingstory.
?Step7 Consolidation
Askstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpoftheirworksheet.
1.PleaseretelleitherofthetwoanecdotesinthenameofOldTom,thebaleenwhaleorJames.Youranecdoteshouldatleastconsistoftwoparagraphs:
Paragraphone:aboutthewriter,time,placeandwhathappened
Paragraphtwo:detailedinformationabouttheanecdote
Forreference:
InthenameofOldTom
IamOldTom,akillerwhale.IliveinthesoutheasternoceanofAustralia.EnormousasIam,Ineverharmorattackpeople.Instead,Ialwayshelpthewhalerscatchbaleenwhales.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasIandmycompanionswhoassistedthewhalersinhuntingahugebaleenwhale.Andlater,IdidsaveJamesfrombeingdrowned.
Onthatday,whenIfoundabaleenwhalenearby,Iquicklythrewmyselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonastheysawthisandheadedouttothehunt,Iswambytheboat,showingthemtheway.Usuallyweworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofuskillers.Somethrewourselvesontopofthewhalesblow-holetostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersstoppeditfleeingouttosea.Atlast,wesucceededincatchingit.Inthemeantime,weenjoyedthelipsandtongueofthebaleenwhale,leavingtherestofittothewhalersthenextday.
Oneday,Jameswaswashedofftheboat.Theseawasrough.Thewaveswerecarryinghimfurtherandfurtheraway.Worsestill,Isawasharkswimmingaround.FromJamessface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyothersandattackedbytheshark.ButIwouldntletthesharknear.Whentheyapproachedhim,Ihadbeenholdinghimupinthewaterforhalfanhour.
Idohopeyoucouldwitnessthemwithyoureyes.Andmostimportantly,youshouldlearnfromus—“workasateam”!
Inthenameofthebaleenwhale
Iwasapitifulbaleenwhale.IoncelivedinthesoutheasternoceanofAustralia.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,amisfortunedidfalluponme.Tomygreatsorrow,Iwascorneredandkilledbythewhalerswiththehelpofanotherkindofwhalecalledkillerwhales.
Onthatday,IwasfoundbyakillerwhalecalledOldTomnearby.Hequicklythrewhimselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonasthewhalerssawthisandheadedouttothehunt,heswambytheboat,showingthemtheway.Usuallythekillersworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofthem.Somethrewthemselvesontopofmyblow-holetostopmebreathing.Andthoseothersstoppedmefleeingouttosea.Atlast,Iwaswornoutandhadnoluck.Iwasbadlywoundedbyaharpoon.Ididnothingwrong.Whydidtheywanttokillme?Later,Iwasdraggeddownintothedepthsofthesea,havinghadmylipsandtongueeaten.Iwassentbacktothewhalersthenextday.Ireallyhatedthekillers.Iftheyhadnthelpedthewhalers,Icouldhavefledouttoseatoenjoymyrestlife.
InthenameofJames
IamJames,awhaler.IliveonthesoutheasterncoastofAustralia.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,IwassavedbyOldTom,akillerwhale.
Believeitornot,thekillerwhalescannotonlyhelpushuntbutalsosavepeoplewhentheyareindanger.Oneday,OldTomfoundabaleenwhalenearby,itquicklythrewitselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonaswesawthisandheadedouttothehunt,itswambytheboat,showingustheway.Usuallythekillersworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofthem.Somethrewthemselvesontopofthebaleenwhalesblow-holetostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersstoppeditfleeingouttosea.Atlast,wesucceededincatchingit.Inthemeantime,thekillersenjoyedthelipsandtongueofthebaleenwhale,leavingtherestofittousthenextday.
Anotherday,Iwaswashedofftheboat.Theseawasrough.Thewaveswerecarryingmefurtherandfurtheraway.Tomakemattersworse,Isawasharkswimmingaround.Iwasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyothersandattackedbytheshark.Buttomysurprise,OldTomwouldntletthesharknear.Whenmycompanionsapproachedme,IhadbeenheldupinthewaterbyOldTomforhalfanhour.
Thisexperienceleftadeepimpressiononme.IreallyappreciatedOldTom.Itwasitthatgavemeasecondlife.
?Step8 Debate
ThelastwhalingstationinAustraliaclosedin1978.Whalesarenowanendangeredspeciesandprotectedbyaninternationalban,butsomecountriesopposetheban.Ingroupsdiscussthereasonsforandagainstbanningwhaling.
?Step9 Homework
1.Writedowntheusefulnewwordsandexpressions,thenlearnthembyheart.
2.WritedownananecdoteinthenameofOldTom,thebaleenwhaleorJames.
备课资料
PhysicalDescription
Thekillerwhale,ororca,isthelargestmemberofthedolphinfamily.Killerwhalesarelargeandrobustwithabluntheadandreducedbeak.Withtheirstrikingpigmentation,theyarenotoftenconfusedwithotherspeciesintheirnaturalsetting.Orcasarejetblackwithawhitepatchbehindandabovetheeyes.Thelowerjawandthroatarealsowhite,contiguouswithawhitebellypatchthatextendsbacktothegenitalregion.Theundersidesoftheflukesarewhiteandwhitelobesextendupwardsfromthewhitebellytobehindthedorsalfin.Agreysaddlepatchisfoundbehindthedorsalfin,theshapeofwhichisuniquetoindividualwhales.Thetalldorsalfinofmatureanimals,especiallymales,canreachupto1.8meters(5.9feet).Malesreach8.5meters(28feet)inlength,whilefemalesreach6.7meters(22feet).
NaturalHistory
Killerwhalesareoneofthemostcosmopolitanspeciesofwhales,withadistributionthatspanstropicaloceansandarcticseas.Theyarehighlysocialandformstrongandpersistentsocialbondswiththeirpodmembers.Podsaremadeupofextendedfamilymembersand2ormorepodsmaycometogetherforshortperiodstomate.Theworldskillerwhalepopulationseemstoconsistofsubpopulationsadaptedtolivewithinthespecializednicheoftheirenvironment.Apodsmovementstendstofollowthoseoftheirintendedpreywhich,dependingonlocation,mayincludesalmonherring,baleenwhales,penguinsandseals.
Status
InCanada,killerwhalesarelistedasthreatenedbytheCommitteeontheStatusofEndangeredWildlife(COSEWIC)andareprotectedunderthenewfederalSpeciesatRiskAct(SARA).Otherpopulationsworldwidemaybeprotectedunderspecificnationallegislation.
ThreatstotheSpecies
Althoughtheglobalpopulationofkillerwhalesisnotendangered,differentregionalpopulationsaredepleted.ResidentandtransientpopulationsoffthecoastofVancouver,CanadaandWashingtonState,U.S.,weredepletedbythelivecapturefisheryforaquariathatoccurredbeforescientistsknewhowmanykillerwhalesexistedinthepopulation.Todaythesepopulationsnumberonlyafewhundredwhalesandarethreatenedbypollution,heavyshiptraffic,andpossiblyreducedprey.Becauseofthekillerwhalespopularity,thereareconcernsthatintensivewhalewatchingoperationsmaydrivewhalesfromtheirpreferredhabitat.Aswell,noise-makingdevicesattachedtosalmoncagestoscareoffpredatorsmayalsoforcewhalesoutoftheirpreferredhabitat,affectingtheirabilitytofeed.SomeorcapopulationsarealsohuntedinJapan,Indonesia,GreenlandandtheWestIndies.
外形特征
虎鲸是一种大型齿鲸,身长为8~10米,体重9吨左右,背呈黑色,腹为灰白色,有一个尖尖的背鳍,背鳍弯曲长达1米,嘴巴细长,牙齿锋利,性情凶猛,食肉动物,善于进攻猎物,是企鹅、海豹等动物的天敌。有时它们还袭击其他鲸类,甚至是大白鲨,可称得上是海上霸王。
寿命:雄性:50~60年;雌性:80~90年,甚至100年
雌雄虎鲸外观区别(上雄下雌)
虎鲸的体型极为粗壮,是海豚科中体型最大的物种。头部呈圆锥状,没有突出的嘴喙。大而高耸的背鳍位于背部中央,其形状有高度变异性,雌鲸与未成年虎鲸的背鳍呈镰刀形,而成年雄鲸则多半如棘刺般直立,高度约1至1.8米。胸鳍大而宽阔,大致呈圆形,这点与大多数海豚科成员的典型镰刀状背鳍不同。上、下颚各有10至14对大而尖锐的牙齿作为武器,每颗牙大概有8厘米。在海湾的浅水地带,它还喜欢用尾巴去钩拉海藻,发出“呼呼”的声音,不久,浑身就披满了半透明的海草。
虎鲸的体色图样主要由黑与白这两种对比分明的色彩组成,位于身体腹面的白色区域自下颚往后延伸至肛门处,在全黑的胸鳍之间变得狭窄,到了肚脐后方产生分歧,尾鳍腹面亦为白色。背部与体侧皆为黑色,但在生殖裂附近的侧腹处有白色斑块,眼睛斜后方亦有明显的椭圆形白斑。在背鳍后方有呈灰至白色的马鞍状斑纹。
习性
虎鲸时常会有跃身击浪、浮窥等行为,或是以尾鳍或胸鳍拍击水面。虎鲸的泳速最快可达时速55千米,可闭气17分钟左右。当周遭空气凉爽时,通常可看见它们低矮而呈树枝状的喷气。它们对船只的反应多样,冷漠忽视或是充满好奇心都有可能。偶尔会集体搁浅,群体有时会被困在潮池或海湾中。在北极与南极海域,因为风吹而快速产生的浮冰对虎鲸而言是一大麻烦,有时会因此迫使它们停留于水面开阔的小水域里相当长的时间。
虎鲸喜欢群居的生活,有2~3只的小群,也有40~50只的大群,每天总有2~3个小时静静地待在水的表层,因为肺部充满了足够的空气,所以能够安然地漂浮在海面上,露出巨大的背鳍。群体成员间的胸鳍经常保持接触,显得亲热和团结。如果群体中有成员受伤,或者发生意外失去了知觉,其他成员就会前来帮助,用身体或头部连顶带托,使其能够继续漂浮在海面上,就是在睡觉时也扎成一堆,这是为了互相照应,并保持一定程度的清醒。它们在一起旅行,用食,以种群为社会组织,在广大的家庭中休息,互相依靠着生存长大。
食性
虽然它的牙齿非常坚硬,但却不如鲨鱼的牙齿那样锋利,因此主要用于摄取而不是咀嚼,而被它叼住的食物都是整个吞下的。虎鲸的食物多样,由小型结群鱼类、鱿鱼(枪乌贼),一直到大型须鲸与抹香鲸都有可能成为它们的猎物;其他的如海豹等鳍脚类动物、海龟、海豚、海狗、海獭、海牛、儒艮、鲨鱼、魟等,甚至还有鹿与麋鹿,似乎是趁它们游泳横渡水道时伺机捕食。甚至会利用涨潮冲到海岸边,捕捉来不及逃走的海豹、企鹅。各群似乎有自己偏好的食物种类,例如某些族群主要以鲑鱼、鲔鱼、或鲱鱼等鱼类为主要食物,某些群则会巡视鳍脚类的登陆地寻找猎物,或跟随迁徙中的鲸群,有如狼群追踪北美驯鹿的情景。虎鲸显然需要合作以袭击并制服大型猎物,但它们也会合力将鱼群集中成一个大球,然后轮流钻入取食。虎鲸也会偷吃延绳钓渔船上钩的鱼获,或吃食渔民丢弃的下杂鱼等。它们似乎会选择性的咬食须鲸的舌头。其猎物可能深受对虎鲸的恐惧所影响,当虎鲸出现时鳍脚类会逃往陆地或冰上,鲸豚则会游入浅水域或藏匿于浮冰的裂隙间。

《电场》教学设计


高中物理粤教版(选修3-1)
第一章《电场》教学设计
一、教学内容分析
本章的概念比较多,应引导学生抓住力与能这条主线,以把整章的知识联系起来,并重视电场与其他物理知识的联系,巧用类比,加深理解。另外,受力分析是解题的基础,应强调学生要画受力图。本章知识的命题频率较高且有相当难度的集中在电场力做功与电势能变化、带电粒子在电场中的运动这两个知识点上,尤其在与力学和磁场等内容综合时,巧妙地把电场概念、磁场力、牛顿运动定律和功能原理等联系在一起,对学生能力有较大要求。
二、学情分析
学生通过新课的学习,已经本章内容有一定的认识,但是由于本章涉及的概念较多,也比较抽象,因此在复习时,要对主要知识点进行疏理,并要针对学生不理解的、容易混淆的概念,运用类比的方法帮助学生理解及区分,同时按学生的实际水平,选择难度适当并有代表性的题目进行分析并加以练习强化。
三、教学目标:
(一)知识目标
1.加深理解电场强度、电势、电势差、电势能、电容等重点概念。
2.在熟练掌握上述概念的基础上,能够分析和解决一些物理问题。
3.通过复习,培养学生归纳知识和进一步运用知识的能力,学习一定的研究问题的科学方法。
(二)过程与方法
1、列表疏理重要的知识点
2、运用类比法加深对概念的理解
3、利用学案导学,讲解与练习相结合
(三)情感态度与价值观
1、通过类比各物理概念的联系与区别,让学生体会物理概念的严谨性,不同物理知识之间紧密联系的奥妙,培养在理解物理量时举一反三的能力。
2、通过典型综合题的分析,让学生体会把力学与电学知识成功综合运用的快乐。
四、教学重、难点:加深理解电场强度、电势、电势差、电势能、电容等重点概念;电场力做功与电势能变化的关系,带电粒子在电场中的运动。
五、教学策略:
对重要知识点建立框图,力求简明扼要;疏理知识点时把抽象概念多与学生相对熟悉的知识进行类比,帮助学生加深理解;利用学案导学,在复习中注意讲练结合。
六、教具:多媒体课件,学案,
七、教学过程:

教学环节教师活动学生活动教学目的
(一)梳理基础知识
本章的主要内容可分为下面几大块:
一、静电、静电力(三种起电方法,两个规律:电荷守恒定律、库仑定律)
二、电场的研究(两种性质和相互关系)
1、两种性质:力的性质及能的性质
2、两种相互关系:电场力做功与电势能变化的关系、电场强度与电势差的关系
三、电场的应用(示波器和电容器)
1、示波器:带电粒子在电场中的加速和偏转
2、电容器:电容器的工作过程与动态分析
(用PPT演示基础知识的填空题,让学生边回答,再对重要的知识难点加以解释)先利用学案中的框图,对本章知识要点进行梳理,然后解答PPT中提出的问题。对主要知识点进行梳理,建立知识结构
(二)难点辨析,专项练习及讲解
(三)综合题分析及强化练习
(四)小结、作业布置一、电场强度E(矢量)的理解.
电场强度E是电场本身的一种特性,与检验电荷存在与否无关.E是矢量.要区别公式E=F/q(定义式)、E=kQ/r2(点电荷电场)、E=U/d(匀强电场)的物理意义和适用范围.提出问题:E既然是矢量,那么如何比较电场中任两点的场强大小和方向呢?
启发学生用多种方法判断.然后将学生回答内容归纳.可能方法有:
(1)判断电场强度大小的方法.
①根据定义式E=F/q;
②点电荷电场,E=kQ/r2;
③匀强电场,场强处处相等,且满足E=U/d;
④电场线密(疏)处场强大(小).
(2)判断电场强度方向的方法.
①正电荷所受电场力的方向即是该点的场强方向;
②电场线上每一点的切线方向即是该点的场强方向;
③电势降低最快的方向就是场强的方向.
教师巡查学生练习的情况,把学生解答中出现的类似错误及典型错误用投影机演示,作有针对性的讲解。
二、关于电势及电势能
电势Φ是电场本身的一种特性,与检验电荷存在与否无关.Φ是标量.规定:无限远处的电势为零.电势的正负和大小是相对的,电场中任两点间电势差U的值是绝对的.
电势能是电荷和电场所组成的系统共有的.规定:无限远处的电势能为零.电势能的正负和大小是相对的,电势能的差值是绝对的.提出的问题:
(1)如何判断电势的高低?
启发学生用多种方法判断.然后将学生回答内容归纳可能方法有:
①根据电势的定义式Φ=W/q,将+q从无穷远处移至+Q电场中的某点,外力克服电场力做功越多,则该点的电势越高;
②将q、εP带符号代入Φ=εP/q计算,若Φ>0(<0),则电势变高(低);
③根据电场线方向,顺(逆)着电场线方向,电势越来越低(高);
④根据电势差,若UAB>0(<0),则ΦA>ΦB(ΦA<ΦB);
⑤根据场强方向,场强方向即为电势降低最快的方向.
(2)怎样比较电势能的多少?
启发学生用多种方法判断,将学生回答归纳,可能方法有:
①可根据电场力做功的正负判断,若电场力对移动电荷做正(负)功,则电势能减少(增加);
②将q、Φ带符号代入εP=qΦ计算,若εP>0(<0),则电势能增加(减少).
教师巡查学生练习的情况,把学生解答中出现的类似错误及典型错误用投影机演示,作有针对性的讲解。
针对静电力、电场的研究及电场的应用(带电粒子在电场中的运动及电容器的动态分析)等三大块内容进行相关典型例题的分析及强化练习:
先用PPT展示相应例题,先让学生思考,再点拨及启发。然后做学案上的强化练习,教师巡查,然后就学生解答中出现的问题进行分析。
教师小结:本章的学习方法:1、抓基础,善用类比加强对概念的理解;2、抓主线,抓住电场的力的性质及能的性质这条主线;
3、注意考虑利用功能关系解题,分析带电粒子在电场中的运动时,要画受力图
作业:完成导学案上剩下的题目;再次复习辅助教材中关于本章的主要概念,加深理解。思考并讨论、回答相关问题,有必要时要做笔记再完成学案中相关的专项练习

能源 教学设计


一、能源

(一)教学目的

1.知道什么是能源。

2.知道什么是一次能源、二次能源。知道哪些能源是常规能源、哪些能源是新能源。

3.知道解决能源问题的重要性和主要出路。

(二)教学过程

1.引入新课

教师:同学们每天要吃饭、喝水,用什么来煮饭、烧水呢?(煤,煤气,柴禾、天然气……)

教师:同学们说得都对,把生米做成熟饭,把生水烧开都需要能量。煤、煤气、柴禾、天然气等等在燃烧时都能提供能量。那么要开动汽车、火车、飞机等交通工具需要消耗什么呢?(汽油或者柴油)

教师:对,汽油、柴油燃烧时也能提供能量。同学们再想想,江河里的水流能不能提供能量呢?

学生:能。山上采伐的木料放到江、河里能顺流而下,水流可以运送木料做功。

学生:水流还可推动水轮机做功,使磨转动,水轮机还能带动发电机转动发出电来。

……

教师:同样,流动的空气——风也有能量,风能推动风车做功。像煤、天然气、汽油、水流、风等等能够提供能量的物质资源,我们把它们都叫做能源。人们的生活、生产、科研都离不开能源。那么能源包括哪些种,我们应该怎样来开发和有效地利用它们呢?今天开始我们就来学习这方面的知识。

2.进行新课

(1)什么叫能源?

板书:〈第十四章能源的开发和利用第一节能源〉

教师:什么叫能源呢?

板书:〈像煤、石油、天然气、水流等等,凡是可以提供能量的物质资源都叫做能源。〉

(2)一次能源和二次能源

教师:同学们知道吗?汽油、柴油都是从石油提炼出来的。那么煤、石油、天然气等等又是从哪里来的呢?从地下开采出来的。地下的这些东西又是从哪里来的呢?煤、石油、天然气都是由古代的动物、植物经过长时间的地质变迁中形成的,我们把它们统称为化石燃料。

板书:〈化石燃料、水能、风能、太阳能等等都是由自然界提供的能源叫做一次能源〉

教师:一次能源是自然界直接提供的能源。教室里点灯,家里开收音机、电视机,工厂里开动机器都要用电能,电能是哪里来的呢?(电能是由发电厂供给的;电能可由电池提供;电能还可由太阳能转化而来——太阳能电池。)

教师:同学们说得都对。火电厂把煤、石油等化石燃料转化成电能;水电站把水流能转化成电能;干电池、蓄电池把化学能转化成电能;太阳能电池把太阳能转化成电能,……电能是由化石燃料、水能、风能、太阳能等等自然界直接提供的能源转化而来的,所以叫做二次能源。

板书:〈由自然界提供的能源转化而来的能源是二次能源〉

(3)世界能源消耗量迅速增长

教师:现在我们大量使用二次能源——电能,但实际消耗的还是转化成电能的一次能源——目前我国主要还是消耗化石燃料。随着科学技术的发展和进步,特别是近三、四十年以来,随着工、农业生产和科学技术的现代化,人们的生活也渐趋现代化,使能量消耗的增长趋势十分明显,为了便于比较,我们把各种能源的消耗量都折合成燃烧值为2.93×107焦/千克的标准煤计算(看课本图14—1),在1950年是26亿吨,1987年就是110多亿吨,估计到2000年要超过200亿吨。我们国家的能源消耗量也在迅速增加,1953年全国能源消耗仅为0.54亿吨标准煤,到1992年已达到10.89亿吨标准煤,增加了近20倍,预计到2000年将增加到14~17亿吨标准煤,几乎接近20世纪初全世界1年能源消耗的总量。能源消耗的迅速增长,会不会引起“能源危机”呢?人类能不能解决这个问题呢?

学生:煤和石油越采越少,人类可能要出现能源危机。

学生:人们可以寻找新的能源。

(4)常规能源和新能源

①从古到今,人类使用的能源都是由太阳能转化来的。

教师:同学们知道煤、石油、天然气等化石燃料是古代生长的动、植物经过长时间的地质变迁而形成的,那么这些动、植物又是怎么能生长壮大的呢?植物生长靠太阳把各种养分进行光合作用变成植物生长的养料,动物生长靠吃植物或者其他的小动物,所以化石燃料从根本上来说,来源于太阳能。那么水能和风能又是从哪里来的呢?

学生:太阳照到地球上,使空气变热上升,冷空气就下降形成风。

学生:太阳照到江、河、湖、海的水面上,使水蒸发,蒸发的气上升到空中,在高空遇冷使变成雨雪降下来,降到高山上的雨和雪融化成的水从高处流下,形成水能。

②新能源的利用

教师:同学们说得很好,化石燃料、水流能、风能等都来源于太阳光的辐射,即太阳能。课本上的图14—2就画出了太阳能的转化情况。太阳每秒钟要向周围空间辐射3.8×1026焦的能量,其中到达地球表面的太阳能只有1.7×1017焦,但仍有大量的太阳能还没有被利用。近年来发明的太阳灶、太阳能热水器、太阳能电池等对太阳能的直接利用还刚刚开始。这里还有很大的潜力可挖。此外自然界还存在大量的潮汐能和地热能,我国和有的国家已试验用潮汐能和地热能来发电,由于有些技术问题还没有解决,使造价过高,因此还没有被广泛采用。另外本世纪初还发现了原子核能(原子能),原子能已经做为核潜艇、航空母舰和破冰船的核动力,也广泛地用于核电站。

板书:〈我们把化石燃料、水流能、风能等人类早就应用的能源叫做常规能源〉

〈把核能、太阳能、地热能、潮汐能等新近才开始利用的能源叫做新能源〉

(5)解决能源问题的主要出路

教师:开发和利用新能源是人类解决能源问题的主要出路。我国虽然蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源,新油田也在不断被发现,但是我国人口众多,能耗巨大,节约常规能源的消耗,开发和利用新能源仍是我国的一项重要任务。同学们努力吧,为将来给祖国作出更多的贡献而努力学习吧。

3.总结(略)

4.布置作业

(1)阅读课本,思考以下问题:

①什么叫能源?②什么是一次能源?什么是二次能源?③哪些是常规能源?④哪些是新能源?

(2)把课本上图14—2所示的太阳能的转化情况用你自己的语言正确简练地写出来。

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