俗话说，居安思危，思则有备，有备无患。作为教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点，帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢？小编收集并整理了“GlobalwarmingPeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(2)”，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

GlobalwarmingPeriod3　Grammar—theUseof“It”(2)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：theuseof“it”．“It”hasmanyusagesintheEnglishlanguage.“It”canbeusedasapronounandtheformofsubjectandobject，andbeusedtoexpressemphasis.FromUnit3weknowthat“it”canbeusedasapronounandtheformofsubjectandobject.Inthisunitwewilllearnthat“it”canbeusedtoexpressemphasis.Thiskindofsentenceiscalledemphasizedsentences.Itsmainformis“Itis/was...that/who...”，whichisaveryusefulsentencepattern.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureoftheemphasizedsentences.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
3．Toenablethestudentstousetheemphasizedsentencescorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickouttheemphasizedsentencesfromthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesoftheemphasizedsentencesbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29tomastertheemphasizedsentences.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage64andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesoftheemphasizedsentences.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousetheemphasizedsentences.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
?Step2　Warmingup
Askthestudentstocomparethetwosentencesbelow.Thesecondsentenceisfromthereadingpassage.TranslatethemintoChineseandthendiscussanydifferenceinmeaningandform.Askthestudentstoexplainwhy“it”isusedinthesecondsentence.
Humanactivityhascausedthisglobalwarming.
It_ishumanactivity_thathascausedthisglobalwarming.
Tellthestudentstherearetwomoresentencesinthetextinwhich“it”isusedforemphasis.Findthemandthenwritethemdown.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Suggestedanswers：
1．It_wasascientistcalledCharlesKeeling，whomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherefrom1957to1997.
2．...it_istheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureoftheemphasizedsentences.
Tomfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasTomwho/thatfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasmypenthatTomfoundintheclassroomyesterday.ItwasintheclassroomthatTomfoundmypenyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatTomfoundmypenintheclassroom.
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Themainstructureoftheemphasizedsentencesis“Itis/was...that/who...”．
2．Theemphasizedsentencescanbeusedtoemphasizethesubject，objectandadverbial(includingadverbialoftimeandadverbialofplace)．
3．Whenwewanttoemphasizethesubject，objectandadverbial，weonlyneedtoputthesepartsbetween“itis/was”and“that/who”，therestpartshouldntbechanged.
4．Whentheemphasizedpartisapersonwecanuseboththestructure“Itis/was...that...”andthestructure“Itis/was...who...”．Whentheemphasizedpartisnotapersonwecanonlyusethestructure“Itis/was...that...”．
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintoemphasizedsentences.(Toemphasizetheunderlinedparts.)
(1)Peterlentusthemoney.
(2)Theywantmoney.
(3)Allthishappenedon_Monday.
(4)Ididnthearfromheruntil_last_summer.
(5)WhydoeseveryonethinkIamnarrow－minded?
Suggestedanswers：
(1)ItwasPeterwholentusthemoney.
(2)Itismoneythattheywant.
(3)ItwasonMondaythatallthishappened.
(4)ItwasnotuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher.
(5)WhyisitthateveryonethinksIamnarrow－minded?
Thelasttwomaybealittledifficultforthestudents.Helpthemtogetthecorrectanswer.
2．DoExercise2inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage64.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemcorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
Showthefollowingsentencestothestudentsandaskthemtofindwhatthesimilarityofthesesentencesis.
1Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousaythatmatters.2Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesiredthatherealizeditwasnotsoimportant.3ItwasnotuntilshegothomethatJenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.
Suggestedanswers：
Inthesethreesentences，theunderlinedpartsareallclauses—asubjectclauseandtwoadverbialclauses.Thatistosay，theemphasizedsentencecannotonlybeusedtoemphasizesubject，objectandadverbial，butalsobeusedtoemphasizesubjectclausesandadverbialclauses.Payspecialattentiontothethirdsentence，inwhich“not”and“until”mustbeputtogether.
ThenshowthefollowingtwosentencestostudentsandaskthemtotranslatethemintoChinese.Payattentiontothesentencepattern.
1Wasitin1969thattheAmericanastronautssucceededinlandingonthemoon？2Whowasitthatputsomanylargestonesontheroad？
Suggestedanswers：(1)美国宇航员是于1969年成功登陆月球的吗？
(2)究竟是谁在路上放了这么多大石头？
Thegeneralquestionsentencesandthewh－questionsentencesoftheemphasizedsentencesshouldfollowthefollowingformulas：
Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分
Wh－疑问词＋is/wasitthat＋其他部分
?Step7　Task－basedlearning
Askstudentstochooseatopictheylike(eg.globalwarming，wildlife，protection，music，film，etc)．Workingroupsandtrytotelltheinformationtheyknowaboutthetopicusingemphatic“it”．
EXAMPLES：
Itwasduringthe20thcenturythatthetemperatureoftheearthwentupaboutonedegreeFahrenheit.
ItwasCharlesKeelingwhomadeaccuratemeasurementsoftheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.
?Step8　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothemandthenaskthemtofinishtheseexercisesin10minutes.
1．Wasitinthisplace______theyoncebuiltatallbuilding?
A．thatB．inwhich
C．beforeD．which
2．Itis______heoftenbreakstheschoolrules______makeshisheadteacherunsatisfiedwithhim.
A．what；thatB．that；what
C．that；thatD．because；that
3．ItisbecauseEnglishisbeingwidelyusedatpresent______.
A．whywelearnithardB．thatwelearnithard
C．whichwemustlearnD．whenweshouldlearn
4．—Wasitwhathesaidorsomethingthathedid______madeyoucrysosadly，Sarah?
—No，notreally.
A．whichB．that
C．whenD．what
5．______thepeoplehavebecomemastersoftheircountry______sciencecanreallyservethepeople.
A．Itisonlythen；thatB．Itwasthat；when
C．Itisonlywhen；thatD．Itwaswhen；then
6．—Ithinkwehavemetthewordbefore.
—Yes.Itisinthereadingmaterial______we______readingyesterday.
A．that；didB．that；were
C．when；wereD．when；did
7．Itwasthere，thepolicebelieve，______shewasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.
A．untilB．which
C．thatD．when
8．Itwasthissenseoffailure______madehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.
A．whoB．which
C．thatD．why
9．______thatsomanypeoplethinkthatbeingperfectisthewaytogo?
A．ItiswhyB．Whyisit
C．WhyitisD．Iswhyit
10．Whenaskedtoexplain______hedoestomakehisstudentssoenthusiasticaboutschool，hepausesandthinksdeeply.
A．whatitisthatB．thatwhatitis
C．whatisitthatD．thatwhatisit
11．—WasntitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?
—______.
A．IdidntknowwhowasB．Yes，itwas
C．No，hewasntD．Yes，hedid
12．Itwas______hesaidatthemeetinglastnight______mademeangry.
A．what；thatB．that；that
C．what；whatD．that；what
13．Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?
A．ityouB．notyou
C．youD．thatyourself
14．Itwasthenervousnessintheinterview______probablylosthimthejob.
A．whichB．since
C．thatD．what
15．Itwas______Ireachedthere______Ibegantoknowsomethingaboutthematter.
A．until；whenB．until；that
C．notuntil；thatD．notwhen；that
16．Itwas______myfatherworked______Iworkednow.
A．where；thatB．where；when
C．that；whereD．that；that
17．Whatasillymistakeitis______youvemake!
A．it　B．that
C．thisD．which
Suggestedanswers：1～5ACBBC　6～10BCCBA　11～15BAACC　16～17AB
?Step9　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2．PreviewthenewwordsandexpressionsleftinUnit5andthepassageonPage30.Markanyparttheycantunderstandwell.
?Step10　Reflectionafterteaching
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

相关阅读

GlobalwarmingPeriod2　LanguageStudy

GlobalwarmingPeriod2　LanguageStudy
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedontheimportantnewwords，phrasesandsentencepatternsinWarmingUp，Pre－reading，Reading，ComprehendingandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsinLearningaboutLanguage.Therearealtogether53newwordsandphrasesinthesefiveparts.20ofthemaremarkedwithtriangles，whichshowsthatthestudentsneedntlearnthembyheart.Itisenoughtorecognizethemwhenmeetingthemwhilereadingthepassage.Theother33shouldallberemembered，amongwhichthefollowingwordsandexpressionsareevenmoreimportant：tend，range，subscribeto，goup，widespread，state，glance，steady，tendency，keepon，onthewhole，quantityof，beopposedto，comeabout，resultin，evenif.Theyareallveryusefulandimportant.Soarethesentencepatterns“...itisarapidincreasewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges.”and“Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer...”Weoughttopaymoreattentiontothem.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstolearntousethefollowingimportantnewwordsandphrasesfreely：tend，range，subscribeto，goup，widespread，state，glance，steady，tendency，keepon，onthewhole，quantityof，oppose，comeabout，resultin，evenif.
2．Togetthestudentstounderstandandusethefollowingimportantandusefulsentencepatterns：
(1)．..itisarapidincreasewhencomparedtoothernaturalchanges.
(2)Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer...
Processandmethods
1．Tohelpthestudentstounderstandthemeaningsoftheaboveusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthecontext，andthengivesomeexplanationsaboutthem，andatlastoffersomeexercisestomakestudentsmastertheirusages.
2．Toaskthestudentstomakeuptheirownsentencesbyimitatingtheabovesentencepatterns.
3．Attheendoftheclass，makestudentsdomoreexercisesforconsolidation.Indoingso，theycanlearn，graspandusetheseimportantlanguagepointswell.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．TostimulatestudentsinterestinlearningEnglish.
2．Todevelopstudentssenseofcooperationandteamwork.
教学重、难点　
1．Importantnewwordsandexpressions：quantityof，oppose，comeabout，resultin，evenif.
2．Importantandusefulsentencepatterns：
(1)．..itisarapidincreasewhen_compared_toothernaturalchanges.
(2)There_is_no_doubt_thattheearthisbecomingwarmer...
3．Somedifficultandlongsentencesinthetext.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Asksomestudentstotalkaboutglobalwarming.
?Step2　Readingandfinding
GetstudentstoreadthroughWarmingUp，Pre－reading，Reading，ComprehendingandDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsinLearningaboutLanguagetounderlineallthenewwordsandusefulexpressionsorcollocationsintheseparts.Readthemaloudandcopythemdownintheexercisebook.
?Step3　Practiceforusefulwordsandexpressions
1．TurntoPage28.GothroughtheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionswithstudentsandmakesuretheyknowwhattodo.
2．Givethemseveralminutestofinishtheexercises.Theyfirstdothemindividually，andthendiscussandcheckthemwiththeirpartners.
3．Checktheanswerswiththewholeclassandexplaintheproblemstheymeetwherenecessary.
?Step4　Vocabularystudy
Ⅰ.简单知识扫描
1．tend(P26)

Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。

(1)Wesometimestendtothinkthattheoceanbottomismadeupofsmoothplains.
我们往往误以为海底由平坦的平原构成。
(2)Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
(3)Doctorsandnursestended(to)theinjured.医生和护士护理受伤的人。

tendvi.vt.意思是“往往会，趋于，倾向；照料，护理”。作“照料，护理”讲时，常与介词to搭配。

(1)救护车上的救护人员在照料受伤的工人。
Ambulancecrews______theinjuredworkers.
(2)男孩往往比女孩个子高。
Boys______tallerthangirls.
Suggestedanswers：(1)weretending(to)　(2)tendtobe
2．range(P27)

...itwillencourageagreaterrangeofanimals—allofwhichwillmakelifeforhumanbeingsbetter.
这将促进动物的生长——所有这一切都会使人类的生活变得更好。

(1)Maybethequestionisbeyondtherangeofhumanunderstanding.
或许这个问题超越了人类理解的范围。
(2)Youcanseearangeofmountainsstandingonthetopofthetower.
站在塔顶你可以看到一系列山脉。
(3)Thetemperaturerangesbetweentenandthirtydegrees.
气温在十至三十度之间。
(4)Irangedthebooksontheshelfby/accordingtosize.
我把书依大小顺序排在书架上。

rangen.意思是“范围；射程；山脉；行列”；v.意思是“变化；排列；归类于”，常用于rangefrom...to...结构，意为“从……到……范围内变化”。

有年龄从七岁到十四岁的两百个男孩。
Therearetwohundredboys______________.
Suggestedanswer：rangingfromseventofourteeninage
3．subscribeto(P26)

Allscientistssubscribe_totheviewthattheincreaseintheearthstemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.
所有科学家都赞同这样的观点：人们为了生产能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气、石油等)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。

(1)Thechildreneachsubscribed5pencetobuyapresentforNickinhospital.
孩子们每人出五便士为住院的尼克买礼品。
(2)Allthepeoplepresentsubscribetotheopinionputforwardbythechairman.
参加会议的人全部同意主席提出的意见。
(3)Ihavesubscribedtothatmagazineforyears.
我订阅那本杂志已好几年了。

subscribeto的意思有“捐款；捐助；同意，赞同；订购(报纸、杂志等)”等。

Thegovernmentcalledonallthecitizensto______arelieffund.
A．subscribetoB．agreetoC．amounttoD．shiftto
Suggestedanswers：A
4．goup(P26)

Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedintheatmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogo_up.
这意味着更多的热量被困在大气层中，从而引起全球温度上升。

(1)Theelevatorwentuptothefourthfloor.电梯升到了四楼。
(2)Asyougoupamountain，youhavetoovercometheearthsgravitywhichpullsyoudown.
上山时你必须克服把你往下拉的地球引力。
(3)Pricesoffruitandvegetableshavegoneup.
水果和蔬菜的价格上涨了。

动词短语goup的意思有“升；攀登；向上去，沿(街)而去；涨价”等。类似意义的词还有rise，increase等。其反义词是：godown，falldown，decrease。

(1)物价又上涨了。Prices______again.
(2)到处都盖起新的大楼。Newbuildings______everywhere.
Suggestedanswers：(1)havegoneup　(2)aregoingup
5．keepon(P27)

Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeep_onwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.
尽管我们已经开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，但是在未来的几十年或几个世纪里气候将会持续变暖。

(1)Theairplanekeptonflyingatahighaltitude.这架飞机持续在高空飞行。
(2)Hekeptonsmokingafterthedoctortoldhimtostop.
医生劝告他戒烟，可他仍继续抽。
(3)Heiskeepingonthehouseinhishometown.他把家乡的那所房屋保留着。
(4)Keepstraightonandyoullcometothemarket.一直往前走就到市场。
(5)Ihavefailedseveraltimes，butIstillkeepon.
我已经失败了好几次，但我仍然坚持下去。

keepon意为“继续(做某事)；不顾困难、反对或警告而坚持(做某事)；继续前进，继续工作”等。

EvenifIfailagain，Iwill______workingharduntilIsucceed.
A．giveupB．turnto
C．keeponD．thinkof
Suggestedanswer：C
6．onthewhole(P28)

On_the_wholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.
大体上，地球变暖是一种引起巨大关注的现象。

Theweatherthismonthhasbeengoodonthewhole.
这个月的天气基本上是好的。
Livingintownispleasantbut，onthewhole，Ilikethecountrybetter.
住在城里是愉快的，但是，总的来看，我更喜欢农村。

onthewhole意为“总的看来；大体上；基本上”，相当于ingeneral，mostly，可位于句首、句中或句尾。

翻译句子
总的看来，我认为他那样做是对的。
Suggestedanswer：Onthewhole，Ithinkhewasquiterighttoactashedid.
Ⅱ.重点知识探究
1．oppose(P27)

Ontheotherhand，therearethose，likeGeorgeHambley，whoareopposedtothisview，believethatweshouldnotworryabouthighlevelsofcarbondioxideintheair.
另一方面，像乔治汉布利那些人，他们反对这种观点，认为我们不应该为空气中二氧化碳含量高担心。

Manymembersofthecouncilopposedthebuildingoftheluxuryhousesinthecentreofthecity.
许多市议会议员反对在市中心建造豪华型住宅。
Manyresidentsareopposedtotheplanofbuildingthemotorway.
许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。

opposevt.vi.意为“反对；使对立；使对抗；抗争”，后面可直接跟名词作宾语，也可用于beopposedto(doing)sth.结构。

oppose，object和resist
三者都含有“反对”的意思，但是用法有区别。
oppose为常用词，指“对某人、某事采取积极行动来反对”，着重动作，尤指“反对一种观念、思想、计划等”。如：
Thefatheropposedtohissonsmarriage.父亲反对儿子的婚事。
object常指“用言论或论据等表示反对”，着重“个人嫌厌”和“(由于与个人有关因此)提出反对意见”。如：
Iobjectedtohisplan.我反对他的计划。
resist指“积极地反抗、对抗；用武力阻止……的前进”，如：
Thevillagerswereunitedtoresisttheenemy.
村民们团结起来抵抗敌人。

我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
We______firmly______thepracticeofpowerpoliticsbetweennations.
Suggestedanswers：are；opposedto
2．comeabout(P26)

Sohowhasthiscome_aboutanddoesitmatter？这种情况是怎么发生的，有什么影响？

Withtheuseofelectricity，greatchangeshavecomeabout.
随着电的使用，种种大变化发生了。
Theaccidentcomesaboutinthisway.这事故就是这样发生的。
Manyaquarrelhascomeaboutthroughamisunderstanding.
许多争执都是由于误会产生的。

comeabout意为“发生，造成”，有时用it作主语，后面跟that引导的从句。

comeabout与happen，occur，takeplace的异同。
comeabout与happen，occur，takeplace同义。takeplace常指经过安排的。happen指“偶然发生”，等于occur。happento＋v.意为“偶然/碰巧做出”。
Ithappens/happenedthat－clause...碰巧……
occur/happen＋to(prep.)．..发生在……
occur＋to(prep.)．..想起……
Itoccur(－s/－ed)(tosb.)＋todosth./that－clause想起，想到

同义句转换
Shehappenedtobeoutwhenhecalled.
A：It______thatshe________________________whenhecalled.
B：She______nottobe______whenhecalled.
C：It____________shewasnotathomewhenhecalled.
Suggestedanswers：A：happened；wasnotathome　B：happened；home　C：cameabout
3．resultin(P26)

Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresulted_inthisincreaseincarbondioxide.
他们还一致认为，正是因为越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧才导致了二氧化碳的增长。

Thesemeasuresresultedinagreatvictory.
由于采取了这些措施，打了一个大胜仗。
Theplotresultedinfailure.阴谋以失败告终。

resultin的意思是“产生，导致”，与cause或leadto同义，其主语是起因；in的宾语是结果。resultfrom的意思是“由……引起，产生”，与liein，asaresultof和becauseof同义，其主语是结果，from的宾语是起因。

同义句转换
(1)Hisfailureresultedfromnotworkinghardenough.
Notworkinghardenough____________hisfailure.
(2)Hissicknesswascausedbyeatingtoomuch.
A．Hissickness____________eatingtoomuch.
B．Hewasill______heatetoomuch.
C．________________________eatingtoomuch，hewasill.
Suggestedanswers：(1)resultedin　(2)resultedfrom；because；Asaresultof
4．quantitiesof(P26)

Theproblembeginswhenweaddhugequantities_ofextracarbondioxideintotheatmosphere.
当我们把大量额外的二氧化碳排入大气层的时候，问题就出现了。

(1)Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.桌子上有许多食品(坚果)。
(2)Greatquantitiesofsandwerewasheddownthehillsidebytherain.
雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。
(3)Hecollectedquantities(aquantity)ofoldpictures.
他收集了大量的旧画。
(4)Thereisonlyasmallquantityofwineleft.只剩下很少一点酒了。

quantitiesof＝aquantityof，意为“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。quantitiesof无论修饰可数还是不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数。
另外，quantity前面还可以加修饰成分，构成的短语有acertainquantityof(一定数量的)，alarge(great，good)quantityof(大量的)，asmallquantityof(少量的……)，large(great，good)quantitiesof(大量的)，smallquantitiesof(少量的……)。

(1)quantity量，数量。如：
Withoutquantitytherecanbenoquality.没有数量就没有质量。
Thegovernmenthasbeenbuyingsilveringreatquantities.
政府一直在大量购进白银。
(ingreat/smallquantities意为“大/少量”，用作状语。)
(2)表示“大量的”时，可用以下形式：
①修饰可数名词
many，agreat/largenumberof，great/largenumbersof，agood/greatmany(后面没有of)，manya(后接单数名词，其谓语动词也用单数形式)
②修饰不可数名词
much，agreat/largeamountof，great/largeamountsof，agreat/gooddealof
③既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词
alotof＝lotsof，aquantityof＝quantitiesof，amassof＝massesof，plentyof(前面没有a)
▲这些短语均常被形容词修饰，如：alargenumberof，asmallamountof，agreatquantityof。
▲quantitiesof/amountsof＋不可数名词＋复数动词；alotof/lotsof/plentyof＋不可数名词＋单数动词。
▲inamount/amounts/quantity/quantities/number意为“在数量上，大量地”。

(1)Weaimatqualityratherthan______.
A．numberB．amount
C．figureD．quantity
(2)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.
A．iswashingawayB．isbeingwashedaway
C．arewashingawayD．arebeingwashedaway
Suggestedanswers：(1)D　(2)D
5．evenif(P27)

Even_ifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases，theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.
尽管我们已经开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的排放量，但是在未来的几十年或几个世纪里气候将会持续变暖。

Evenifitrainedheavily，westillmarchedon.即使大雨倾盆，我们还是继续前进。
Evenifyouareagoodhigh－jumper，youjumpnomorethanthreemeters.
即使是个优秀的跳高运动员，你也跳不过三米。
Weshallgo，evenifitrains.就是下雨，我们也要去。

evenif有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思，引导让步状语从句，可以与eventhough互换，语气比although和though强，可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。

though，although引导让步从句的用法：
though，although引导让步从句时，后面的从句不能有but，但是可以用yet。如：
Althoughitsraining，theyarestillworkinginthefield.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
Heisveryold，buthestillworksveryhard.
虽然很老了，但他仍然努力地工作。
Thoughthesorebehealed，yetascarmayremain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。(谚语)

(1)Wellmakeatrip______theweatherisbad.
A．asforB．evenif
C．becauseofD．aslongas
(2)______sheisyoung，sheknowsquitealot.
A．WhenB．However
C．AlthoughD．Unless
Suggestedanswers：(1)B　(2)C
Ⅲ.词汇综合运用
1．用括号中所给的单词或短语翻译下列句子。
(1)即使一个工人持续工作三十余年，他依然买不起房。(evenif)
(2)总起来说，中国的房价太高。而且房价还在持续增长。(onthewhole；tend；keepon)
(3)他们坚决要求把房价控制在一定的范围内。(range)
(4)尽管政府已经采取了一些措施，但是房价依然在上涨，这导致了许多问题。(although；goup；resultin)
(5)许多人想知道这是如何造成的。(comeabout)
(6)他们反对政府采取的一些措施。(oppose)
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Evenifaworkerworkscontinuallyformorethanthirtyyears，hestillcantaffordahouse.
(2)Onthewhole，thepriceofhousesinChinaistoohigh.Andittendstokeeponrising.
(3)Theyinsistthatthepriceofhousesshouldbecontrolledwithinarange.
(4)Althoughthegovernmenthastakensomemeasures，thepriceofhousesisstillgoingup，whichhasresultedinmanyproblems.
(5)Manypeoplewanttoknowhowitcomesabout.
(6)Theyopposesomemeasurementstakenbythegovernment.
2．连句成篇(按照一定的逻辑顺序适当调整句子的顺序，把上面的句子连成一篇小短文，必要时增加适当的连词。)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Suggestedanswers：
Onthewhole，thepriceofhousesinChinaistoohigh.Andittendstokeeponrising.Althoughthegovernmenthastakensomemeasures，thepriceofhousesisstillgoingup，whichhasresultedinmanyproblems.Evenifaworkerworkscontinuallyformorethanthirtyyears，hestillcantaffordahouse.Manypeoplewanttoknowhowitcomesabout.Theyopposesomemeasurementstakenbythegovernmentandinsistthatthepriceofhousesshouldbecontrolledwithinarange.
?Step5　Sentencefocus
1．...butitisarapidincreasewhen_compared_toothernaturalchanges.(P26)
……但是，同自然界的其他变化相比，这种升高是迅速的。
这是一个省略句，补全之后是．..butitisarapidincreasewhenitiscomparedtoothernaturalchanges。
一般说来，省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：
(1)由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句；
(2)由whether，if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；
(3)由though，although，evenif，whatever等引导的让步状语从句；
(4)由as，than等引导的比较状语从句；
(5)由as，asif，asthough等引导的方式状语从句。
上述状语从句在省略时，并非任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循以下原则：
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
①连词(as，asif，once)＋名词。如：
Once(hewas)aworker，PangLongnowbecomesafamoussinger.
庞龙曾经是个工人，现在成了一位著名的歌手。
②连词(though，whether，when)＋形容词。如：
Workhardwhen(youare)young，oryoullregret.
趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
③连词(whether，asif，while)＋介词短语。如：
Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.
他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
④连词(when，while，though)＋现在分词。如：
While(hewas)holdingtalkswithPresidentHuJintao，USPresidentGeorgeW．BushthankedChinaforitsimportantroleintheSix－PartyTalks.
在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，美国总统布什感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
⑤连词(when，if，evenif，unless，once，until，than，as)＋过去分词。如：
Theexhibitionismoreinterestingthan(itwas)expected.
这次展览比被预料的有趣得多。
⑥连词(asif，asthough)＋不定式。如：
OlympicgoldmedalisthurdlerLiuXiangopenedhislipsasif(hewere)tospeak.
奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴，好像要说什么。
(2)当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever)＋形容词的结构。如：
Unless(itis)necessary，youdbetternotrefertothedictionary.
如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
2．There_is_no_doubt_thattheearthisbecomingwarmer...(P26)
毫无疑问地球正在变暖……
在Thereisnodoubt后常可跟that引导的同位语从句(在肯定句中，doubt后面有时可跟whether引导的从句)。
Thereisnodoubtthatyouwillsucceedifyoutryyourbest.
毫无疑问如果你尽最大努力你一定会成功。
Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomeontime.他一定会准时来。
类似常用结构：
Thereisnoknowing/telling...没法知道/说……
Thereisnoneed...没有必要……
Thereisnoquestion...……是没有问题的。
Thereisnoreason...没有理由……
Thereisnopossibilitythat...……是没有可能的。
Itisno/smallwonderthat...(Nowonderthat)．..难怪……
Itisawonderthat...……真奇怪/真是令人惊奇。
?Step6　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.DoExercise1inUsingWordsandExpressionsinyourexercisebook.
2．Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsbyheart.
?Step7　Reflectionafterteaching
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PoemsPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(2)

PoemsPeriod3　Grammar—theSubjunctiveMood(2)
整体设计
教学内容分析　
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar：thesubjunctivemood(2)．FromUnit1wehavealreadyknownthatintheEnglishlanguage，verbsareoftendividedintothreedifferentmoods—theindicativemood，theimperativemoodandthesubjunctivemood.WehavelearnedtwokindsofsubjunctivemoodinUnit1：oneisfoundaftertheword“wish”，theotherisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”talkingabouttheimaginedconsequenceofasituationatpresentthatisimpossibletohappen.Inthisperiodwewillcontinuetofocusonanotherkindofsubjunctivemood，thatis，thesubjunctivemoodbeginningwiththeword“if”，talkingabouttheimaginedconsequenceofasituationinthepastthatdidnothappenorinthefuturethatisnotlikelytohappen.
三维目标设计　
Knowledgeandskills
1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
3．Toenablethestudentstousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectlyandproperly.
Processandmethods
1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandtranslatethemintoChinese.
2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemoodbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.
3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13tomasterthesubjunctivemood.
4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPages50－51andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
Emotion，attitudeandvalue
1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2．Todevelopthestudentsabilityofcomparingandsummarizing.
教学重、难点　
1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousethesubjunctivemoodcorrectly.
教学过程
?Step1　Revision
1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：
(1)我们的时间快用完了。
(2)他编造了滑稽的顺口溜引逗我们发笑。
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Wearerunningoutofourtime.
(2)Hemadeupfunnyrhymestomakeuslaugh.
?Step2　Warmingup
AskthestudentstogobacktoPage10andstudyoneofthelistpoems，PoemCOurFirstFootballMatchandtranslateitintoChinese，payingspecialattentiontoitsverbforms：
Wewould_have_won...
ifJackhad_scoredthatgoal，
ifwed_hadjustafewmoreminutes，
ifwehad_trainedharder，
ifBenhad_passedtheballtoJoe，
ifwed_hadthousandsoffansscreaming，
ifIhadnt_takenmyeyeofftheball，
ifwehadnt_stayed_upsolatethenightbefore，
ifwe_hadnt_takeniteasy，
ifwehadnt_runoutofenergy.
Wewould_have_won...
ifwed_beenbetter!
Tellthestudentsthattheabovesentencesarewiththesubjunctivemoodandthendiscussitwiththem.Thenaskthestudentstothinkaboutthequestion“Whatisthesubjunctivemood？”
?Step3　Grammarlearning
Askthestudentstostudythefollowingsentencesandtrytosummarizethestructureandusagesofthesubjunctivemood.
1．Thesubjunctivemoodinthepasttense：
(1)IcouldhavedonebetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.
我要是细心一点，是可以做得更好的。
(ThefactisthatIwasnotmorecarefulandIdidntdobetter.)
(2)IcouldhaveshownyouaroundthecityifIhadknownyouwereinBeijing.
我要是早知道你在北京，我就会带你到处去转转。
(ThefactisthatIdidntknowyouwereinBeijingandIdidntshowyouaroundthecity.)
(3)IfIhadbeeninthemood，Iwouldhavegonetothemovies.
如果我有心情的话，我就会去看电影了。
(ThefactisthatIwasnotinthemoodandIdidntgotothemovies.)
2．Thesubjunctivemoodinthefuturetense：
(1)从句谓语用过去式：
Ifyourfatherknewthis，hewouldbeangry.
要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。
Ifitrainedtomorrow，thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.
要是明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
(2)从句谓语用should＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：
Ifitshouldrain，thecropswouldbesaved.
要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。
此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：
Ifitshouldraintomorrow，dontexpectme.
万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。
IfIshouldbefreetomorrow，Iwillcome.
万一我明天有空，我就来。
(3)从句谓语用wereto＋动词原形(通常指可能性极小或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：
Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest，myloveforyouwouldnotchange.
即使太阳从西边升起，我对你的爱也不会变。
?Step4　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions：
1．Thesubjunctivemoodisusuallyusedtotalkaboutsituationsthatarenottrueornotlikelytobetrue.Thesituationreferredtointhesubjunctivemoodisnotreal，butitishypothetical.
2．Thesubjunctivemoodisoftenfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”．Thepastperfecttense(haddone/been)isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋havedone/been”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothepast.
3．Inexpressingthesituationcontrarytothefuture，“were/did/should＋v./wereto＋v.”isoftenusedinthe“if”clauseand“would＋v.”isoftenusedinthemainclauseexpressingthesituationcontrarytothefuture.
?Step5　Grammarpractice
Askstudentstodothefollowingexercises：
1．Changethefollowingsentencesintothesubjunctivemood.Puttheverbsintothecorrectforms.
(1)Shewasbusy，soshedidntcome.
(2)Wedidntknowyourtelephonenumber，sowedidntcallyou.
(3)Everybodywhoatethefishgotsick.Ididnteatanyfish.
Suggestedanswers：
(1)Ifshehadntbeenbusy，shewouldhavecome.
(2)Ifwehadknownyourtelephonenumber，wemighthavecalledyou.
(3)IfIhadeatenthefish，Iwouldhavegottensicktoo.
2．DoExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPages50－51.
Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.
?Step6　Gettingmoreaboutthegrammar
AskstudentstogobacktoPage10andreadthroughthereadingpassageAFewSimpleFormsofEnglishPoemstopickoutthesentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodandthentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers：
Wewould_have_won...我们本来会夺冠……
ifJackhad_scoredthatgoal,如果杰克踢进了那个球，
ifwed_hadjustafewmoreminutes,如果我们还有几分钟，
ifwehad_trainedharder,如果我们训练得更严格，
ifBenhad_passedtheballtoJoe,如果本把球传给了乔，
ifwed_hadthousandsoffansscreaming,如果有大批球迷助威，
ifIhadnt_takenmyeyeofftheball,如果我死死盯住球，
ifwehadnt_stayed_upsolatethenightbefore,如果我们头晚不熬夜，
ifwe_hadnt_takeniteasy,如果我们没有放松警惕，
ifwehadnt_runoutofenergy.如果我们没有精疲力竭，
Wewould_have_won...我们本来会夺冠……
ifwed_beenbetter!如果我们能干得更好！
?Step7　Summingup
Trytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions.
1．Whenthesubjunctivemoodisfoundinaclausebeginningwiththeword“if”，“hadbeen＋pastparticiples”isusedinthe“if”clause，while“would/couldhave＋pastparticiples”isusedinthemainclausesoastoexpressthesituationcontrarytothepast.
2．Insentenceswiththesubjunctivemood，sometimesaprepositionalphrasebeginningwith“without(＝ifnot)”isusedtotaketheplaceofthe“if”clausetoexpressimpliedcondition.
?Step8　Playingagame
1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.
2．Letstudentsplaythegame“Wewouldhavewonthechampionshipifwe...”
Askthestudentstotaketurnstoimaginewhattheywouldhavedonetowinthechampionship.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.
3．Readthefollowingcompositionandtrytofindoutasmanysentenceswiththesubjunctivemoodaspossible.
UnexpectedGuests
Lindahadaverydifficultsituationatherhouseafewdaysago.HerrelativesfromHongKongarrivedunexpectedly，withoutanyadvancenoticeatall，andtheywantedtostayfortheweekend.Theydidntevenknockatthedoor.Theyjustwalkedrightin.
Needlesstosay，Lindawasveryupset.IfshehadknownthatherrelativesfromH．K.weregoingtoarriveandwanttostayfortheweekend，shewouldhavebeenpreparedfortheirvisit.Shewouldhaveboughtalotoffood.Shewouldhavecleanedthehouse.Shewouldhavemadeplanstogosightseeing.Shewouldhavecookedaspecialdinner.Shewouldhaveplannedeverythingperfectly.Andshecertainlywouldnthaveinvitedallherdaughtersfriendsfromnurseryschooltocomeoverandplay.
PoorLinda!Shereallywishesherrelativeshadcalledinadvancetosaytheywerecoming.Theweekendwasreallyadisaster!
Suggestedanswers：
UnexpectedGuests
Lindahadaverydifficultsituationatherhouseafewdaysago.HerrelativesfromHongKongarrivedunexpectedly，withoutanyadvancenoticeatall，andtheywantedtostayfortheweekend.Theydidntevenknockatthedoor.Theyjustwalkedrightin.
Needlesstosay，Lindawasveryupset.Ifshehad_knownthatherrelativesfromH．K.weregoingtoarriveandwanttostayfortheweekend，shewould_have_been_preparedfortheirvisit.Shewould_have_boughtalotoffood.Shewould_have_cleanedthehouse.Shewould_have_madeplanstogosightseeing.Shewould_have_cookedaspecialdinner.Shewould_have_plannedeverythingperfectly.Andshecertainlywouldnt_have_invitedallherdaughtersfriendsfromnurseryschooltocomeoverandplay.
PoorLinda!Shereallywishesherrelativeshad_calledinadvancetosaytheywerecoming.Theweekendwasreallyadisaster!
?Step9　Closingdownbyaquiz
Showstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.
1．Youarelate.Ifyou______afewminutesearlier，you______him.
A．come；wouldmeetB．hadcome；wouldhavemet
C．come；willmeetD．hadcome；wouldmeet
2．Letssayyoucouldgothereagain，how______feel?
A．willyouB．shouldyou
C．wouldyouD．doyou
3．Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance，I______himattheairport.
A．wouldmeetB．willmeet
C．wouldhavemetD．willhavemet
4．Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible，butI______sobusythen.
A．hadbeenB．were
C．wasD．wouldbe
5．Ifit______anothertenminutes，thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.
A．hadrainedB．wouldhaverained
C．haveseenD．rained
6．—Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?
—IwouldhaveboughtoneifI______enoughmoney.
A．hadB．havehad
C．wouldhaveD．hadhad
7．Hewasverybusyyesterday；otherwise，he______tothemeeting.
A．wouldcomeB．came
C．wouldhavecomeD．willcome
8．______anychangeaboutthedate，pleasetellmeimmediately.
A．WilltherebeB．Shouldtherebe
C．TherewillbeD．Thereshouldbe
9．Afewminutesearlierandwe______thetrain.
A．havecaughtB．hadcaught
C．couldhavecaughtD．weretocatch
10．IftheWatergateIncident______，Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.
A．didnotoccurB．hadnotoccurred
C．wasnotoccurringD．becircling
11．IfIhadseenthemovie，I______youallaboutitnow.
A．wouldtellB．willtell
C．havetoldD．wouldhavetold
Suggestedanswers：
1～5BCCCA　6～10DCBCB　11.A
?Step10　Homework
1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2．Previewlisteningandspeaking.
?Step11　Reflectionafterteaching
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LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

作为优秀的教学工作者，在教学时能够胸有成竹，教师要准备好教案，这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础，帮助教师提高自己的教学质量。所以你在写教案时要注意些什么呢？经过搜索和整理，小编为大家呈现“LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

LivingwellPeriod3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Studentswillbeabletorecognizetheinfinitivesandknowtheexactmeaningsofthem.

2．Studentswillbeabletousethesestructurescorrectly.Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

AskseveralstudentstoretellMartysstory.ShowMartysminibiographyonthePowerPoint.

Myminibiography

Name

MartyFielding

Status

Highschoolstudent

Health

Developedamusclediseaseattheageof10，veryweak，cannotdothingslikenormalpeople

InterestsandHobbies

·Enjoyingwritingandcomputerprogramming

·Goingtothemoviesandfootballmatcheswithfriends

·Spendingalotoftimewithmypets—tworabbits，aparrot，atankfulloffishandatortoise

Ambition

Toworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftware

Motto

Liveonedayatatime?Step2　Discoveringusefulstructures

1．基本概念

不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。

2．基本形式

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

todo

tobedone

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

/

完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

/

否定形式

nottodo

nottobedone

疑问词＋不定式

wh－todo

wh－tobedone

复合结构

sb.todo/forsb.todo

/3.句法功能

不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即forsb.todosth.。

Itisgoodto_help_others.(subject)

Itismyambitionto_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_

access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)

Myambitionis_to_work_inthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.(predicative)

Idonthavetimeto_sit_aroundfeelingsorryformyself.(attributive)

Iamtheonlystudentinmyclassto_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)

Abigcompanyhasdecidedto_buy_it_from_me.(object)

Myfellowstudentshavebegunto_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)

Ihavehadtoworkhard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)

SomedaysIamtootiredto_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)

Wemustcallonlocalgovernment_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people.(objectcomplement)

4．不定式的时态与语态

根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(todo)，完成式(tohavedone)，完成进行式(tohavebeendoing)，进行式(tobedoing)等时态形式以及被动形式tobedone和tohavebeendone。

Hedidntallowustogohomeearly.

他不允许我们早回家。

Heseemedtohaveseenthefilm.

他好像看过这部电影。

Sheissaidtohavebeenlivinginthecityforsixyears.

据说她住在该城市六年了。

Theboypretendedtobereadingwhenhismothercamein.

当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。

Heissaidtohavestudiedabroadafewyearsago.

据说他几年前在国外学习过。

Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

据说此书已被译成了多种语言。

[注意]

1．Thefollowingverbsareusuallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.

afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish

Forexample：

Icantaffordto_gotothepub.

Heagreedto_practice_more.

Youshouldlearnto_express_yourself.

Theymanaged_to_fix_the_problem.

2．Explanationofthegerundandtheinfinitive

Somewordscanbefollowedbyeithertheinfinitiveorthe－ingform.Pleasepayattentionwhenthereisnodifferenceinmeaningandwhenthereisdifference.

(1)Thegerundandtheinfinitive(nodifferenceinmeaning)

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs：

begin

Hebegantalking.

Hebegantotalk.

continue

Theycontinuesmoking.

Theycontinuetosmoke.

hate

DoyouhateworkingonSaturdays？

DoyouhatetoworkonSaturdays？

like

Ilikeswimming.

Iliketoswim.

love

Shelovespainting.

Shelovestopaint.

prefer

Patpreferswalkinghome.

Patpreferstowalkhome.

start

Theystartsinging.

Theystarttosing.

Weusethegerundortheinfinitiveafterthefollowingverbs.Therearetwopossiblestructuresaftertheseverbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing

Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive

advise

Theyadvisewalking_totown.

Theyadviseus_to_walktotown.

allow

Theydonotallowsmokinghere.

Theydonotallow_us_to_smoke_here.

encourage

Theyencourage_doing_thetest.

Theyencourageus_to_do_thetest.

permit

Theydonotpermitsmokinghere.

Theydonotpermitus_to_smokehere.Weusethefollowingstructuresafterthewordrecommend：

recommend

Theyrecommendwalking_totown.

Theyrecommendthat_we_(should)_walk_to_town.(2)Someverbsorverbphraseshavedifferentmeaningswhenusedwiththegerundortheinfinitive.

GERUND

INFINITIVE

forget

Hellneverforgetspending_somuchmoneyonhisfirstcomputer.他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。

Dontforgetto_spendmoneyonthetickets.

不要忘记用钱去买票。

goon

Goonreadingthetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)

Goonto_read_thetext.

继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)

mean

Youhaveforgottenyourhomeworkagain.Thatmeansphoning_yourmother.

你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。

Imeantto_phoneyourmother，butmymobiledidntwork.

我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。

remember

Irememberswitching_offthelightswhenIwentonholiday.

我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。

Rememberto_switch_offthelightswhenyougoonholiday.

当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。

stop

Stopreading_thetext.

停止读这篇文章。

Stopto_read_thetext.

停下来读这篇文章。

try

Whydontyoutryrunning_afterthedog？

你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？

Itriedto_runafterthedog，butI．..

我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……?Step3　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise2onPage5andcheckwiththeirpartnersthenchecktogether.

Keys：tohavekeptyouwaiting；tohaveforgotten；tohavefinished；

AskstudentstodoExercise3andsharetheirpastexperienceinagroup.

Keys：tohavespent；Tofree；tosee；totreat；tohelppass；toabolish

?Step4　Usingtheinfinitive

AskstudentstotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandpayattentiontotheuseoftheinfinitive.

1．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。

2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。

3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。

4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。

5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。

6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。

Suggestedanswers：

1．Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecenter.

2．Itsveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.

3．Idontknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.

4．Luckily，wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.

5．Helenisverypleasedtohavetravelledinmorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.

6．Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork，andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren.

?Step5　Homework

FinishoffExercises2and3onP49.

RobotsPeriod3　Grammar

一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗，会提前做好准备，作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么，你知道高中教案要怎么写呢？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《RobotsPeriod3　Grammar》，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。

Period3　Grammar

Teachingaims　

1．Revisethepassivevoice(includingtheinfinitive)andknowtheexactmeaningofthestructure.

2．Beabletousetheusefulwords，expressionsandstructurescorrectly.

Teachingprocedures　

?Step1　Revision

Askstudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionswithoutreferringtothetextbook.

1．WhatwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire?

2．HowdidLarryBelmontfinallypersuadehiswifetoaccepttheexperiment?

3．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasofferedsympathybyarobot?

4．WhatdidTonyexpecttodoaboutthehousebeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn?

5．HowdidClairefeelwhenshewasenviedbythosewomen?

6．WhathappenedtoTonyatlast?

Suggestedanswers：

1．TherobotwasgoingtobetestedoutbyLarryswife，Claire.

2．Larrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldntharmherorallowhertobeharmed.

3．Shethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.

4．Tonyexpectedthehousetobecompletelytransformed.

5．Shefeltitasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen.

6．Tonyhadtoberebuilt.

?Step2　Grammarlearning

1．不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种：一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式：tobedone，表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

Itisagreathonor_to_be_invited_tospeakhere.

很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

Thenovelissaid_to_be_published_nextmonth.

据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式：tohavebeendone，表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

Thebookissaidto_have_been_translated_intosixlanguages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

Thebosspreferred_to_have_been_given_moreworktodo.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

被动

一般式

tobedone

完成式

tohavebeendone2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

Itsanhonorto_be_invitedtotheceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

Itsapityto_be_keptinthehouseinsuchfineweather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

Theletteris_to_be_sent_byairmail.

这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

Shedidntliketo_be_treatedasachild.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

Theboyaskedto_be_givenanopportunitytotryagain.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

Idlikemybedroomto_be_cleaned.

我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

Hewasthelastone_to_be_askedtospeakatthemeeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

Hismotherleftthesmallvillage，never_to_be_seenagain.

他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没有人见过她。

3．不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to，但在变成被动语态后需要加上to，能这样用的动词或动词词组有：make，have，let，see，hear，notice，listento，watch等。如：

Weoftenseehimactlikethat.＝Heisoftenseentoactlikethat.

我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在canthelpbut，havenothingtodobut结构中，介词but后的不定式省去to。如：

Icant_help_butsuspecthismotive.

我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

Ihave_nothing_to_do_but_watchTV.

我没什么事情可做，除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy，difficult，important，impossible等。如：

Theworkisimpossible_to_finishintwodays.

工作不可能两天之内完成。

Englishisnotsoeasy_to_learn.

英语并不好学。

②一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用betoblame；“(东西等)出租”用tolet。

Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.

他应为他所做的受责备。

Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。

?Step3　Exercises

1．ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported______theworldrecordinthe110－meterhurdlerace.

A．breaking　B．havingbroken　

C．tohavebroken　D．tobreak

2．Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.

A．tobebreathedB．tobreathe

C．breathing　D．beingbreathed

3．______theprojectasplanned，wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A．Completing　B．Complete

C．Completed　D．Tocomplete

4．Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple，butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.

A．tosee　B．tobeseen

C．seeing　D．seen

5．Ihurriedtothemeetinghall，only______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．telling　D．told

6．Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth；sheappears______everything.

A．totell　B．tobetold

C．tobetelling　D．tohavebeentold

7．LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheaterthisevening.

A．tobetaken　B．totake

C．beingtaken　D．taking

8．Itissaidthatplasticscanbeusedto______manythings.Nowpeopleareusedto______plasticsproducts.

A．make；usingB．making；using

C．making；useD．make；use

9．Withalotofproblems______，thenewly－electedpresidentishavingahardtime.

A．settled　B．settlingC．tosettle　D．beingsettled

Keys：1～5CBDBB　6～9DAAC?Step4　Drilling

AskstudentstodoExercise1onPage14andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise1

betestedout，beharmed，beoffered，wasamazed，wasnotallowed，bediscovered，becompletelytransformed，wereimpressed，beenvied，berebuilt

AskstudentstodoExercise2andthenchecktheanswerstogether.

Keys：

Exercise2

1．tobedesigned　2.toberebuilt　3.tobeaccompanied　4.tobeknownas　5.tobefilledwith　6.tobetestedout　7.tobeenvied　8.tobesetaside

?Step5　Usingthepassiveinfinitive

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishusingthepassiveinfinitive.

1．那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。

2．下周末前，这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。

3．不要着急，你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。

4．你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。

5．刚刚出了一起事故，不过没有必要惊慌，没有人受伤。

6．虽然她考得不错，但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。

7．当在医院进行大手术的时候，她得到了家人的关爱和支持，为此她感到非常高兴。

8．他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。

9．他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起，总共3500元。

10．没有主力队员的参与，他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。

Suggestedanswers：

1．ThatbookontheHolyBibleneedstobereturnedtothelibraryby/beforetheendoftheweek.

2．Thatoldarmchairistobereplacedbyasofanextweek.

3．Dontworry—youstillhaveplentyoftimeforthatfaxtobesenttoyourcompany.

4．Yourdecisiontodivorceyourwifehastobemadewithheragreement.

5．Therehasbeenanaccidentbutthereisnoneedtobealarmed.Nobodyhasbeenhurt.

6．Althoughshehaddonewell，sheexpectedherparentstobedisappointedbyherexamresults.

7．Shewashappytobesupportedbytheaffectionofherfamilywhenshehadaseriousoperationinhospital.

8．Hewassoexcitedtobedeclaredthewinnerofthetalentcompetition.

9．Headdedthe2000yuantheyhadreceivedtothe1500yuantobeoffered，making3500yuaninall.

10．Withouttheirkey/leadingplayer，theyreboundtobebeateninthecomingcompetition.

?Step6　Homework

FinishoffExercises1and2onPage56.

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