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高二英语Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知识点总复习教案

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JaB88.CoM二英语Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica知识点总复习教案
SectionII阅读
6.EversincetheCivilWar,theSouthhasstruggledtofindwaystodealwithitstroubledpast.自从南北战争以来,美国南方各州一直在竭力找办法处理动荡不安的过去。(p.43Reading第一段第1行)
▲struggle此处是动词,作“尽力使得”解释,后面接不定式。如:①Thebusinessmanstruggledtofreehimselffromdebt.那商人竭力想要摆脱债务。②Shestruggledtorememberwhereshehadbeenatthetimeoftheaccident.她竭力回忆事故发生时她在哪里。
struggle的原意是“挣扎”“斗争”后面可接不定式或for,against,with等介词。如:①Mostanimalshavetostruggleforexistenceinadangerousworld.大多数动物不得不在一个充满危险的世界里为生存而斗争。②Themanintheboatstruggledwiththegreatwaves.小船上的人与巨浪搏斗。③Theboystruggledwiththequestionandatlastfoundtheanswer.那男孩苦想问题,终于找到了答案。④Theswimmerstruggledagainstthetide.游泳者奋力与海浪搏斗。
▲way
(1)道路,路线路途Whichisthebest/right/quickest/shortestway?哪条路是最好(正确、最快、最近)的路?Thelongest/farthestwayround/aboutisthenearestwayhome.最远的路才是捷径。Hemade/pushed/fought/felthiswayout.他走(挤、冲、摸索着走)出去。
(2)方法,手段Theyhadnowaytocommunicatewithher.他们没有办法与她联系。Whatsthewayofaddress-ingtheQueen?怎么称呼女王才得体?Theway(that)youaredoingitiswrong.你这么做错了。
拓展:bytheway顺便说
ononesway在……的路上;ontheway在途中;alltheway一直地;asktheway问道;bywayof取道,经由;havealongwaytogo还要走很远的路,还要做很大的努力;ina/oneway在某种程度上(in)onesown;way按自己的方式intheway妨碍
▲dealwith有“对付”“应付”“相处”之意。如:①Thatmanisimpossibletodealwith.这人无法相处。②Illgetsomeoneelsetodealwiththem.我将另找一个人来对付他们。③Dealfairlywithyourstudents!对你的学生要公正!④Heseemedtobequick-tempered,butwasactuallynotdifficulttodealwith.他性子急,但不难相处。
dealwith还常用来表示以下意思:
(1)是……的买主;与......有生意往来TheGreensdealwiththebutcheratthecorneroftheblock.格林家通常在街角处的肉铺买肉。
(2)attendto处理(事情、问题、紧急情况等)Heisapersonwhocandealproperlywithallsituations.他是一个能恰当处理各种局面的人。
(3)关于,论及Thisarticledealswithanimportantsubject.这篇文章论及一个重要问题。
7....thepainsofslavesbroughtfromAfricabygreedyslaveowners.被贪婪的奴隶贩子从非洲带来的奴隶的痛苦。(p.43Reading第一段第3行)
▲pain原意为“疼痛”,表示身体局部的疼痛,其前一般用不定冠词,也可以用复数。如:①Maryiscryingbecauseshehasapaininherstomach.玛丽胃疼得哭了起来。②Shehadpainsinherbackallthetime.她背部一直痛。③Icouldntsleepforpain.我疼得睡不着觉。
表示身体某部分的疼痛,介词要用in,不可用at或on,如例句①②。
pain表示“痛苦”时,是不可数名词。如:①YouwillforgivemeifIhavegivenyourpain.如果我给了你痛苦,请你原谅我。②Thepaininherheartwasintolerable.她内心的痛苦简直无法忍受。③Itwillcauseherinfinitepain.这会给她带来无限的痛苦。④HowwellIunderstoodtheconfusionandpainofherparents!我非常理解她父母的迷惑和痛苦!
pain作“烦恼”“辛苦”“费心”“努力”解释时要用复数形式。如:①Heisagoodteacherandtakesgreatpainswithhispupils.他是个好老师,非常尽力地教育学生。②Withgreatpainsandmuchpatience,IatlastmanagedtogetfromthemtheinformationIwanted.我煞费苦心,坚韧不拔,总算从他们那里弄来了我需要的信息。②Theoldladyhadtakengreatpainswithherhair.这老太太在头发上花了一番工夫。③Shetookgreatpainstoshowmehowthecomputerworked.她努力向我展示这台计算机的工作原理。
inpain是“痛苦”“疼痛”之意,通常作表语,withpain是“疼痛地”“痛得”之意,用作状语。如:①ThesoldierWaswounded,andinpain.这名战士受伤了,疼得很。②TheboyWascryingwithpainafterhebrokehisarm.这男孩摔断胳膊后疼得哭叫起来。
也可作动词用,意为“使心痛(痛苦)”“使苦恼”。如:①Itpainedmetowatchthemquarrel.看见他们争吵我很难受。②Onnightslikethis,hiswoundedfootpainedhim.在这样的夜晚,他的伤脚就作痛。③Mytoothdoesntpainmenow.我的牙齿现在不痛了。
8.…themanysacrificesoftheCivilRightsMovement.许多人在民权运动中所作出的牺牲。(p.43Reading第一段倒数第4行)▲sacrifice
(1)n.[U]供奉,献祭,祭祀thesacrificeofanoxtoJupiter.用牛祭祀朱庇特。
(2)[C]供品,祭品,牺牲Killasheepasasacrifice.宰羊用作祭品。
(3)[U]放弃某事物(通常是重要或有价值的东西)Gettingrichisntworththesacrificeofyourprinciples.为致富而牺牲原则是不值得的。Hebecameatopsports-manatsomesacrificetohimself.他付出了些代价才成为优秀的运动员。
(4)[C]牺牲的事物Herparentsmademanysacrificessothatshecouldgotouniversity.她父母为她上大学在多方面作了牺牲。
(5)v.供奉,献祭,牺牲某物Shesacrificedhercareertomarryhim.她为了嫁给他牺牲了自己的事业。Thecarsdesignershavesacrificedcomforttoeconomy.汽车设计人员为降低造价舍弃了汽车舒适方面的一些设想。ImnotsacrificingmydayoffjusttogoshoppingwithJane.我可不愿意牺牲一天休假日单单陪简去买东西。
9.Thewoundsareslowtohealandthescarsrundeep.伤口很难愈合,伤疤很深。(p.43Reading第一段倒数第3行)
▲在作表语的形容词后的不定式,如果不带宾语,则与句子的主语往往有一种逻辑上的动宾关系,如本句toheal逻辑上的宾语是句子的主语thewounds;若该不定式动词是不及物动词,则其后应加上适当的介词,与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,请体会下列例句的意思和结构。①Yourwritingisimpossibletoread.你的书法没法认。②Mycarishardtostartincoldweather.我的车天冷时很难发动。③Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?你认为这水喝起来安全吗?④Thefoodisnotfittoeat.这食品不适合吃。
上述例句中,不定式动词均为及物动词,其逻辑宾语是句子的主语,若不定式动词为不及物动词,则需加一介词。如:①Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.这房间住起来很舒服。②MrTurneriseasytogetalongwith.特纳先生很容易相处。③Thebenchislongenoughtosleepon.这凳子很长,可以在上面睡觉。
▲run此处为连系动词(常作连系动词),后接形容词,意为“变得”(进入或达到某一状态)。如:①Thefiverwasbeginningtorundry.河水开始干涸起来。②Theyhadtoreturntocampbecausetheirfoodsupplywasrunninglow.因为粮食不够了,他们只好返回营地。③Youmustntletthechildrenrunwildanddoexactlywhattheylike.你不要让孩子们毫无约束,爱干什么就干什么。④Pricesforfruitarerunninghighthisseason.这个季节的水果价格上涨了。⑤Asthefuelranshort,theplanewasforcedtoland.由于燃料快要用完,飞机被迫降落。
(1)负责(某事物),经营,管理Hehasnoideaofhowtorunasuccessfulbusiness.他不知道把企业办好的办法。Stoptryingtorunmylifeforme!我的生活不用你来管。
(2)(使某物)动转,起作用。Yournewcarseemstorunverynicely.你的新车开起来不错。
(3)(指公共汽车等)(沿一固定路线)往来行驶。BusestoOxfordruneveryhalfanhour.去牛津的公共汽车每半个小时一班。ThetrainsdontrunonChristmasDay.圣诞节火车停驶。
(4)run还有“内容为……”之意。如:①Hereceivedanotewhichranasfollows.他收到一个条子,内容如下。②Thestoryrunslikethis.故事大致内容如下。③Thisishowthesongruns.这首歌曲是这样唱的。
10.Eventoday,theSouthisfarbehindtherestoftheUnitedStatesinareassuchaseducationandeconomicdevelopment.甚至到今天,南部在教育和经济发展方面都远远落后于美国其他州。(p.43Reading第一段倒数第2行)▲behindprep.
(1)在或向(某人,物)后面WhoisthegirlstandingbehindRichard?站在理查德后面的那个姑娘是谁?Sheglancedbehindher.她向身后瞥了一眼。Theaccidentisbehindyounow.事情已过去了,别再想它了。
(2)落后于……BritainisbehindJapanindevelopingmoderntechnology.在发展现代技术方面英国落后于日本。
(3)支持(人,物),赞成Myfamilyisrightbehindmeinmyambitiontobecomeadoctor.我的家人对于我立志从医很赞同。
11.Therearesignsthatanew,differentsouthiscomingoutofitsdarkpast.有迹象表明,从黑暗的过去中将诞生出一个崭新的,完全不同的南方。(p.43Reading第二段第2行)
▲comeoutof意为“有……的结果”。如:①Nothingcameoutofthistalk.这次会议没有产生任何结果。②Well,whatcameoutofyourcarefulplanning?喂,你那样精心筹划的结果怎样?③Noonecansaywhatwillcomeoutofthediscussion.谁也说不上讨论会有什么结果。
comeout后接不同的介词表示不同的意思。如comeoutwith意为“说出来”“讲出”“发表”。如:①Ifyouhaveanythinginyourmind,Iwantyoutocomeoutwithit.你要是有什么想法,我希望你说出来。②Hecameoutwithsomefunnyideas.他提出了一些可笑的想法。③Thatyeartheycameoutwithanotherarticle.那一年他们又发表了一篇文章。
comeout意为“出版…出来”。如:①Themagazinecomesoutonceamonth.这本杂志每月出一期。②Thetruthhascomeoutatlast.真相终于大白。
comeout还有“开花”“褪色”“罢工”等意思,要根据句意来推测其确切的意思。如:①Ithinktheroseswillcomeoutnextweek.我想玫瑰下星期要开了。②Willthecolorcomeoutiftheclothiswashed?这布洗了会褪色吗?③Thedockershavecomeoutonstrike.码头工人罢工了。④Howdidthefilmcomeout?这片子拍得怎样?
12.AtlantawasburntdownintheCivilWar.亚特兰大在内战中被烧毁。(p.43Reading第二段第4行)
▲burndown意为“烧掉”“焚毁”,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。如:①Theschoolbuildingwasburneddowninthatbigfire.在那场大火中,学校大楼被烧毁。②Thewholevillagewasburneddownbvtheenemy.整个村庄都被敌人烧毁了。③Thewoodshedburntdowninhalfanhour.小木屋半个小时就烧毁了。
burndown所指的“烧毁”多是指将高大的物体烧毁,烧塌,而burnup也有“烧掉”“烧毁”之意,其范围比burndown要广,既可指建筑物被烧毁,也可指其他的东西被烧毁,烧掉。如:①Allhisbookswereburntupinthefire.他所有的书都在这场火灾中被焚。②Thefireburntupmolethan£500000worthofantiques.这次大火烧毁了价值五十万的古董。③Thehouseburnedupbeforethefiremengotthere.还没等消防人员来到,那房子就烧毁了。
请注意burndown。burnupburning与burnout的区别,后者意为“烧完”“烧坏”“烧尽”。如:①Thefireburnedoutforlackoffuel.由于没有燃料,火灭掉了。②Herenthusiasmseemstohaveburnedout.她的热情似乎已耗尽了。③Thepoetsabilityburntitselfoutbeforehewasthirty.诗人的才能还不到三十岁就枯竭了。
burnout也可表示将建筑物或其他物体烧掉。如:Thebuildingwasburnedoutandonlywallsremained.大楼被焚毁,只剩下残壁。
13.AtlantaquicklyrecoveredfromthedestructioncausedbytheCivilWar.亚特兰大很快从战争的破坏中恢复过来。(p.43Reading第三段第1行)
▲recover在本课中作不及物动词用,通常与from连用,意为“从……中恢复”;作及物动词用时,意为“恢复”,通常与from连用,意为“从……中恢复”。如:①Ahealthychildquicklyrecoversfromafever.健康的孩子发了烧很快就会好。②Theathletesoonrecoveredhisbreathafterthefinaldash.这位运动员在冲刺之后很快就呼吸正常了。③Shehadnotyetrecoveredfromtheshock.她还没有完全从惊吓中恢复过来。④Dontgobacktoworkuntilyouhavefullyrecovered.等你痊愈了,再去上班。
recover与反身代词连用时意为“镇定下来”“恢复原样”。如:①Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.不一会儿,她冷静下来,不再哭了。②Theskaterstumbledbutatoncerecoveredhimself.滑冰的人绊了一下,但立即恢复了平衡。③Shemadeagreatefforttorecoverherself.她极力使自己镇定下来。
recover“恢复(能力,健康等)”Imslowlyrecoveringmystrengthafteraflu.流感以后我身体慢慢恢复。Sherecoveredherconsciousness.她已恢复了知觉。
recover还有“重新找到”“找回(被盗,遗失之物)重新获得某事物”“收复(回)”之意。如:①Recentlyaman-madesatellitewesentuphasbeenrecovered.最近我们发射的一颗人造卫星已返回地面。②Thepolicehelpedthemtorecovertheirstolenjewellery.警察帮助他们把被窃的珠宝找回来了。③Theboyrecoveredhisfootballfromtheneighbourslawn.男孩从邻居的草坪上找回了自己的足球。
重新控制(自己,行为,情绪)Sherecoveredherselfandsmiled.她恢复了常态笑了笑。Themurdererneverrecoveredhispeaceofmind.这个杀手心里从没有平静过。
重新获得(金钱,时间,地位)Theysoughttorecoverdamagesfromthefirm.他们设法向那家公司索取赔偿金。
14.Despitethehardshipsofthepost–waryearsandtheGreatDepression,…不管战后年代和大萧条时期有多么艰难,…(p.43Reading第三段倒数第2行)
★介词despite的用法
▲despite意为“不管”“任凭”,相当于inspiteof,后接名词、代词或动词,但语气比后者轻,不如后者常用。如:①Hewentoutdespitebadweather.他不管天气恶劣出发了。②Despitethefogswewentoutforawalk.尽管有雾,我们还是外出散步。③Despitemyself,Harrysremarkshadcausedmetostopandreflect.尽管不是我的本意,哈里的话使得我停下来想了想。④Despitewaitingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletter.尽管很想再见到他,她却拒不答复他的来信。
despite后可接what引导的从句。如:①Despitewhatshesays,Illgo.不管她怎么说,我也要去。②Iwouldsupporthimdespitewhathedid.不管他做什么,我都支持他。
despite=inspiteof,故不能再与of连用;inspiteof/despite+名词=although+从句
(a)Theplanetookoffinspiteofthebadweather.(=althoughtheweatherwasbad)
(b)Theplanewilltakeoffregardlessoftheweather.(=nomatterwhethertheweatherisgoodorbad)
inspiteof=despite;regardlessof=withoutconsideringortakingnoticeof
15.…butwheresegregationtookawaymanyoftheirrights.但是种族隔离制度剥夺了他们的许多权利。(p.44Reading第二段第3行)
▲takeaway
(1)在餐馆买(带回家),带走Twochickencurriesandricetotakeaway.劳驾,要两份外卖的咖喱鸡饭。
(2)(使心情等)消失Thedoctorhasgivenhersometabletstotakeawaythepain.医生给了他些止疼药。Anxietyhastakenawayhisappetite.他愁得吃不下饭。
(3)(从某处)移去,移开(某事或某物)Whattakesyouawaysoearly?你为什么这么早就走?
拓展:takeapart拆开;takeback收回(诺言,话语);takedown拿下来,记下来;takein接受;理解;欺骗;takeoff脱下;takeon接受,从事(工作);雇佣;takeout取出,拿出;takeover接管;takeup开始学习(从事活动)
16.TheinjusticeofthecityandoftheSouthledDrKingtoorganizenon-violentdemonstrationsaimedatendingsegregation.这座城市以及整个南方的不公正导致金博士组织非暴力的示威运动,目的是结束隔离制度。(p.44Reading第二段第3–4行)
▲leadto和leadsb.todosth.的区别:前者是“通向”“引起”,to为介词。后接名词、代词或动名词,而后者的to是不定式的符号,是不定式作宾语补足语,意为“使得……做某事”。如:①"Wheredoesthisroadlead?""Itleadstotherailwaystation."“这条路通到哪里?”“通向火车站。”②Thesepassagesleadtotheroomsinside.这些走廊通向里面的房间。③Blindlycopyingothersmightleadtolosses.盲目照搬别人的经验可能导致损失。④Allthishasledtorapidprogressinindustryinthearea.所有这些使这个地区的工业迅速发展。⑤Thatledmetothinkthattheboywasill.那使我想到孩子是病了。⑥Hisanswerledmetomakefurtherinquiries.他的回答促使我进一步调查。⑦Hisamazingintelligenceledhimtomakemanydiscoveries.他惊人的智力使他有很多发现。
▲aimat意为“目的是”“为的是”。①Idontunderstandhisbehavior.Whatsheaimingat?我不理解他的行为,他意图何在?②Thefactorymustaimatincreasingproduction.工厂必须致力于增加产量。③Heaimsatperfectionineverythinghedoes.他做每一件事都力求做得尽善尽美。
也可以说aimtodosth.即在aim后用不定式表示目的。如:①HeaimstogaintheNobelPrize.他的目标是得到诺贝尔奖金。②Weaimtoproducesuperiorgoods,notlargequantities.我们的目标是生产优质产品,而不是追求数量。③Thehunteraimedatthelionandfired,butmissedhim.猎人对着狮子开了枪,但未击中。④Thestudentspickedupstonesandaimedthematthepolicemen.学生们捡起一些石头,冲着警察投去。⑤Insayingthis,Imnotaimingatyou.我这话不是针对你说的。⑥Hisspeechwasnotonlyaimedattheolderboys.他的话不光是说给那些年龄较大的男孩子听的。⑦Weallrealizedwhothatremarkwasaimedat.我们心里都明白那句话是冲谁说的。
aimat作“针对”解释时,如主语是人,多用主动语态,如主语是人所说的话,所作的评论等,则常用beaimedat,见上述例句⑤⑥⑦。
17.Thecitysawaseriesoffiercefightsbetweenblacksandwhites.这个城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突。(p.44Reading第二段第4行)
▲本句是用拟人化的手法赋予无生命的主语以人的动作,以增加句子的表现力,类似的句子有:①Theyear1949sawthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.一九四九年见证了中华人民共和国的诞生。②Hisunselfishworkisbeginningtotell.他无私的工作开始产生效果。③Hernervousnessbegantotellassoonassheenteredtheroom.她一进房间就表现出紧张不安。④Mywatchsaysitisninealready.我的表显示已经九点了。
▲series意为“连续”“系列”,单复数相同,常用aseriesof表示“系列”。如:①Theycarriedoutaseriesofexpe-rimenttotestthenewdrug.他们进行了一系列试验试新药。②Theregionhassufferedfromaseriesofnaturaldisasters.该地区遭受了一连串的自然灾害。③ShewasinvitedtogiveaseriesoflecturesonAmericanpolitics.她被邀请就美国政治作系列讲座。④Therehasbeenaseriesofearaccidentsatthecrossing.在那个交叉路口已经发生了一连串的车祸。
aseriesof...之后要用名词复数,但通常整个谓语用单数。AseriesofbookshasbeentranslatedintoEnglish一系列书被译成了英文。
18.…andmillionsofAmericanswatchedaspeoplemarchedthroughAtlantainhonourofDrKing.千百万美国人观看了人们为悼念金博士而穿过亚特兰大的游行。(p.44Reading第二段倒数第3行)
▲inhonourof意思是“为向……表示敬意”“为纪念(庆祝)”也可以说insb.shonour。如:①Amemorialwasbuiltinhonourofthosewhodiedforthecountry.为纪念为国捐躯者建了一座纪念碑。②AholidaywasdeclaredinhonourofthePresidentsvisit.为庆祝总统到来特宣布放假一日。③MrMandelawillattendanoutdoorconcertinhishonourinthecentreofParis.尊敬的曼德拉先生将出席在巴黎中心举办的一场露天音乐会。④Thecere-monyWasheldinhonouroftheQueensbirthday.这庆典是为庆祝女王的生日而举行的。⑤Amemorialmeetingwasheldinhishonour.举行了一个纪念他的集会。
有关honour的用法我们学过的还有havethehonourofdoingsth.或itisoneshonourtodosth.意为“乐于做某事”或“有幸做某事”,dohonourto或dosb.honour意思是“用……来庆祝……”或“使某人增添光荣”。如:①Itsagreathonourtomeetyou.认识你三生有幸。②HeisoneofthemostinterestingpeopleIhavethehonourofmeeting.他是我有幸认识的最有趣的人之一。③Herbehaviorinsuchadifficultsituationdoesherhonour.她在逆境中的表现给自己增添了光荣。④Theydressedtheirshipswithflagstodohonourtotheoccasions.他们用旗帜把船只装饰起来庆祝这重要的日子。
19.DrKingseffortswerenotinvain.金博士的努力没有白费。(p.44Reading第二段倒数第3行)
▲invain意为“徒劳”“无效”“枉费心机”。如:①Itbecameobviousthatallhercomplaintswereinvain.很显然她的所有投诉都是徒劳的。②Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群,但没有成功。③Hewantstheworldtoknowhissondidnotdieinvain.他想让全世界的人都知道他的儿子没有白死。
vainadj.
(1)对自己(的才干等)自视过高的,自负的Sheisavaingirl.她是位虚荣的女孩。Heisalwaysvainofhisappearance.他对自己的容貌总很自负。
(2)无价值的,无意义的Itisvaintotrytosavehim试图救他是徒然的。
(3)无结果的,徒然;无效果的,无用的Tryinvaintosleep.怎么也睡不着。Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企图驱散抗议的人群,但没有成功。Allourworkwasinvain.我们所有的工作都白费了。
vain常见的词组还有:inavainattempt/efforttodosth.妄图做……但未成功,inthevainhopethat未能如愿。如:①Iwassinginginavainefforttocheerhimup.我本想唱支歌使他高兴起来,但未能如愿。②Thecrazyfootballfanswereinavainattempttomaketroubleduringthematch.疯狂的球迷们妄图在比赛期间捣乱,但没有成功。③Hemarriedhisfourthwife,Susan,inthevainhopethatshewouldimprovehishealth.他跟他的第四个妻子苏珊结了婚。,希望她能改善他的健康,但没有如愿。
20.DuringtheOlympics,theeyesoftheworldwereonAtlanta.在奥运会期间,全世界的目光都集中在亚特兰大。(p.44Reading第三段第3行)
▲介词on在此处作“(视,盯)在……(目标)上”解释。如:①Alleniseating,hereyesonherfood.埃伦吃东西时两眼盯着食物。②Jimcamein,hiseyeswerefixedonDellaasifhedidntknowher.吉姆走了进来,他的眼睛盯住了黛拉好像不认识她似的。③Hefixedhiseyesonsomethingmovingonthewall.他一直盯着在墙上蠕动的东西。
请注意on的几种常见用法
1.on表示“关于(某个题目)”“在(某个问题)上”。如:①Writeatermpaper0nShakespeare.写一篇关于莎士比亚的学期论文。②Idifferfromyouonthatpoint.在这一点上我和你看法不同。③Heisabsorbedinhisworkonbacteria.他专心进行他关于细菌的工作。
2.on用于引申意义,表示“在……身上”“在心上”等。如:①Mymindisstillontheresearch.我的心思仍然在这项研究上。②Haveyougotanymoneyonyou?你身上带钱了吗?③Isawitontelevision.我是在电视上看到的。
3.表示“在......时”后跟动名词或名词,表示一个动作紧接着另一个动作。如:①Onreachingthecity,hecalledupMary.一到城里,他就给玛丽打电话。②Theboysstoodupontheentranceoftheheadmaster.校长进来时男孩子们都站了起来。③OhhisreturnfromEurope,hesettoworkagain.他一从欧洲回来,就投入了工作。
4.表示原因,意为“根据”“由于”“在……下”。如:①Hediditontheinstructionofthemanager.他是根据经理的指示这样做的。②Icameonyourinvitation.我是在你的邀请下来的。
4.表示目的。如:①ShehadcomeonavisittoEngland.她来访问英国。②TheTurnershadbeenawayonalongtrip.特纳一家离开去长途旅行了。
5.表示“靠……生活”“以……为主食”。如:①Theprisonerscouldnotexistonbreadandwater.囚犯也不能单靠面包和水生活。②Theylivedmostlyonvegetablesfromtheirgarden.他们主要靠园子里的蔬菜生活。
21.…butthepeopletherearedeterminedtomakeanewbeginning.但是那儿的人民决心从头开始。(p.44Reading最后一段第2行)
★动词determine的常见用法
▲determine意为“决定”“决心”,后面常跟不定式或从句。如:①Theydeterminedtostaytheretilltheyearwasup.他们决定在那儿一直待到年底。②Theexplorerdeterminedtosetouttilenextdayinspiteofthestorm.探险者决定不顾风暴次日出发。③Haveyoudeterminedwhereyouaregoingtospendtheholidays?你决定去度假的地方了吗?④Nobodydeterminedwhatistobedone.没有人决定下一步怎么办。
determine作上述解释时,可以跟on引导的短语。如:①Theydeterminedonanearlystart.他们决定早动身。②Hehasdeterminedongoingtomorrow.他已决定明天去。
上述例句⑤⑥相当于determine后接不定式。
▲determine常用作过去分词作表语,意为“有决定”“下定决心”,后接不定式或从句,如本课正是此用法。如:①Shewasdeterminednotfollowhisadvice.她决定不按他的劝告办。②Hewasdeterminedthatnooneshouldknowanythingaboutit.他决定不让任何人知道这事。③Theyweredeterminedtofightfortheirnationsindependenceandfreedomtotheend.他们决心为国家的独立和自由斗争到底。④Hewasdeterminedthathissonshouldhaveagoodeducation.他决定要让他的儿子接受良好的教育。
▲determine有“使决定”“使下决心”之意,后接不定式作宾补。如:①Whatdeterminedyoutoaccepttheoffer?
什么原因使你接受这项提议?②Hisadvicedeter-minedmetodelaynomore.他的忠告使我决定不再拖延。③Youranswerdeterminedmetodoso.你的答复使我决定这样做。
▲determine亦可作“确定”“限定”“算出”解释。如:①Thesizeofyourfeetdeterminesthesizeofyourshoes.脚的大小决定鞋子的尺码。②Theydeterminedthedateforourparty.他们确定了我们聚会的日期。③Thepositionoftheearthinrelationtothesundeterminestheseasons.地球与太阳之间的相对位置决定一年四季的变化。
22.In1996,AtlantahostedtheOlympicGames.一九九六年,亚特兰大举办了奥运会。(p.44Post-ReadingE)
▲此处host作动词用,意为“主办”“作……的主人”“接待”。如:①Birminghamishostingthisyearstradefair.伯明翰将主办今年的交易会。②WhichcountryisgoingtohostthenextWorldCup?下届世界杯由哪一个国家主办?③Thegroupwashostedbytheambassador.这一群人受到了大使的款待。
host还有“作……的节目主持人”之意,一般用于非正式场合。如:①Shesnowhostingherownshow.她正主持自己的节目。②MrSmithhasbeenhostingtheshowfortwoyears.史密斯先生主持该节目有两年了。
host作名词用时有“主人”“东道主”“主办(单位、国家)”之意。如:①Apartfrommyhost,Ididntknowasinglepersonthere.除了主人外我谁都不认识。②Barcelonawaschosentobethehostofthe1992OlympicGames.巴塞罗纳被选为一九九二年奥运会东道主城市。③Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother.主队和客队各赢一场,现在他们两队打平了。
host作名词时是指男主人,女主人用hostess,但hostess不能作动词用。如:Myhostessgreetedmewithunexpectedwarmth.我的女主人出乎意料地热情欢迎我。

延伸阅读

高二英语Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案


Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Period1Let’slistenandspeak!
Goals
◆TalkabouttheUSA.
◆Practisedescribingplaces.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityoflisteningandspeaking.
Procedures
Leadingin:bybrainstorm.
Morning,class!Asisknown,Americaisoneofthemostdevelopedandimportantcountriesintheworld.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutAmerica?
WhoisthepresidentofAmericanow?
WhowasthefirstpresidentofAmerica?
What’sontheAmericannationalflag?
WhendidAmericabecomeanindependentcountry?
WhataremostfamousuniversitiesinAmerica?
What’sthenicknameofNewYork?
Excellent!Youdidwell.NowtolearnmoreaboutAmerica,pleaseturntopage41andlet’slearnLocationofUSA
NorthAmerica,borderingboththeNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthPacificOcean,betweenCanadaandMexico
Task1:Looking,discussingandfinishing.
1.Lookatpage41orthescreen.ThisisamapoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtworelatedpictures.Decidewhetherthefollowing8sentences(onpage41-42)aretrueorfalse.
2.OK,nowyouareingroupsdiscussingwhatyouknowaboutUSAandwhatyou’dliketoknowmoreaboutit.Afterthediscussion,you’dbettermakealistofthethingsdiscussed.
Task2:Listening,correctingandspeaking.
1.Askthestudentstolistentopart1andcorrecttheerrorsinWangXiao’snotesonpage42.
2.Askthestudentstolistentopart1againandanswerthequestionsonpage42.
3.Askthestudentstolistenpart2andchoosethebestanswersonpage42.
4.Askthestudentstorepeatthelisteningtextofnecessary.
Task3:Speaking.
Putthestudentsinpairstodiscuss:Whatdoesyourhometownlooklike?
Usefulexpressions
1.Whatdoesitlooklike?
2.Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe…?
3.It’s…meterslong/wide/high/tall.
4.Thereis…inthenorth.
5.Wheredoesitlie?
6.Itliesintheeast/west/north/westof…
Closingupbyproduction.
Now,that’sallforthediscussion.I’dlikeyoutodescribetotheclasswhatyourhometownlookslike.Whowillhaveatry?
Homework
Askthestudentstowriteashortparagraphabouthis/herhometownoracityinhis/herprovince.

Period2Let’sread!
(THEAMERICANSOUTH)
Goals
◆ProvidestudentswithopportunitiestoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
◆Learnandmastersomekeylanguagepoints.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityofcomprehension.
Procedures
Leadingin:byapuzzle.
Goodmorning,class!Pleaselookatthescreen,matchtheeventsandthetime.
Great!ToknowmoreabouttheUSA,pleaseturntopage43.WeshalllearnTHEAMERICANSOUTH.
USA:Flagdescription
13equalhorizontalstripesofred(topandbottom)alternatingwithwhite;thereisabluerectangleintheupperhoist-sidecornerbearing50small,white,five-pointedstarsarrangedinnineoffsethorizontalrowsofsixstars(topandbottom)alternatingwithrowsoffivestars;the50starsrepresentthe50states,the13stripesrepresentthe13originalcolonies;knownasldGlory;thedesignandcolorshavebeenthebasisforanumberofotherflags,includingChile,Liberia,Malaysia,andPuertoRico
Task1:Readingforgeneralideas.
1.Askthestudentstoreadthetextquickly,thenfindthemainideatoeachparagraph.
2.Askthestudentstoreadthetextcarefully,thenfinishPOST-READINGonpage44.
Task2:Readingandcopying.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEAMERICANSOUTH
Findwaystodosth.,dealwith…,drive…off…,beslowtoheal,thescarsrundeep,bebehind…inareaslikeeducationandeconomy,burndown…,recoverfrom…,takeaway…,aimat…,aseriesof…,inhonorof…,invain,beproudof…,bedeterminedtodosth.,makeanewbeginning,beknownfor…,share…with…,beproudtodosth.,displayone’simage,aboomingbusinesscenter
Task3:Discussing.
Askthestudentstodiscussthefollowingquestions:
WhydidthepeopleofAtlantarebuildthecityalmostfromnothing?
WhydoesthetexttellusaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.?
WhatcanwelearnfromthedevelopmentofAtlanta?
Closingupbyretellingthetext.
FinallyI’dlikeoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.

Period3Let’sstudy!
(Grammar:ReviewNonfiniteVerbs2)
Goals
◆HelpthestudentstosummarizemethodsofWordFormation.
◆HelpthestudentstoimprovetheirabilitytodefinewordsinEnglish.
◆HelpthestudentstoreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).
Procedures
Leadingin(1):listening.
Goodmorning,class!WelearnedTHEAMERICANSOUTHyesterday.Nowlet’slistentoit.
OK.TodayweregoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Leadingin(2):bypresentation.
Hello,everyone!YesterdaywelearnedthetextTHEAMERICANSOUTH.Iwantoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.Whowouldliketotry?
Welldone!NowtodaywearegoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Task1:Pickingoutthedifferentword.
Askthestudentstopickoutonewordfromeachgroupthatisdifferentfromtheothersandexplainwhyitisdifferentonpage45.
Task2:Speakingandfinishing.
AskthestudentstowritethecorrectformsofthewordsaccordingtoWordFormationonpage45.
Task3:Fillingintheblanks.
Askthestudentstofillineachblankwiththecorrectadjectivegiveninthebox.ThenaskthestudentstotranslatethesentencesintoChineseifnecessary.
Task4:ReviewingNonfiniteVerbs(2).
1.HelpthestudentstoreviewthefunctionsofNonfiniteVerbs.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheexercisesonpage46.
3.AskthestudentstoreadTheAmericaSouthagaintofindanyexamplesofNonfiniteverbs.
Homework:Readthefollowingpassage.
USA:ABriefDescription
It’sthoughtthattheAmericaswerefirstinhabitedbyStoneAgepeoplesthatmigratedfromSiberia.
Overthemanycenturiesthatfollowed,thelandwascoveredandterritorializedfromcoasttocoastbyawidevarietyofIndiantribes.
Andthen,theWhitMancame.FirsttheNorsemanfromGreenland,andthenalargegroupofEuropeanexplorers.
ConflictsandwarsoverlandsclaimedbyIndiansandotherestablishednationswerefollowedbytheIndependenceWar,asAmerica,anditsupstartcolonies,brokefromEnglandanddeclaredtheirindependence.
TodaytheUnitedStatesofAmerica,remainsontheplantonlytruesuperpower,bothineconomyandmilitary.
Astheworld’slargesteconomy,it’sasignificantleadinginthefieldsofagriculture,education,energy,healthcare,high-tech,serviceindustries,spaceexploration,andmanufacturingofalldescriptions.
Thecountryincludes50states;48continentalstates,plusAlaskaandHawaii,theneweststates.
Dozensofmajorcitiescoverthelandfromcoast-to–coast,andWashingtonD.C.,thecapital,reflectstheincrediblehistoryofAmerica,andstandsasasymbolofitsfreedom,liberty,andjusticeforall.
Period4Let’sreadandwrite!
(THEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA)
Goals
◆Providethestudentswithopportunitiestodeveloptheirextensivereadingskillsandlearnaboutthebison.
◆Letthestudentspractiseinwritingacomparisonessay.
Procedures
Leadingin:bylistening.
Morning,class!WehavelearnedsomethingabouttheUSA,especiallyaboutAtlanta.Todaywe’lllearnsomethingaboutalargeanimalontheplainsofAmerica.Nowpleaseturntopage46andreadthetextTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICAwhilelisteningtotherecording.
Task1:Readingandcorrecting.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextquicklyandthendecidewhetherthesentencesaretrueorfalseonpage47.
Task2:Copyingdownexpressions.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextagainandcopydowntheusefulexpressions.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
crossalandbridge,liveby…,atypeof…,inhugenumbers,growtoashoulderheightof1.5meters,weigh1,100kilograms,kill…formeat,providewarmclothing,make…from…,from2004onward,movewestward,makeagreementswith…,breakagreements,buildrailwayscrosstheplains,cutofftheskins,asaresult,dieout,inturn
Task3:Discussingandfinishing.
NowyouareingroupstodiscussthequestionofWhat’stheecosystemontheplainsofAmerica?
Afterthediscussion,finishingthediagramonpage48.
Task4:WritinganE-mailaboutthecomparisonbetweenChinaandtheUSA.
1.Askthestudentstogothroughtheinformationonpage48.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheirwriting.
Closingupbypresentation.
Haveyoufinishedyourwriting?Nowingroupsyouareaskedtopresentyourworkbyreadingitaloud,andthendecideonthebestandrecommendittomeafterschool.Thetoptwopieceswillgetrewards.
SampleWriting
DearJenny,
Thankyouforyoure-mail.I’mgladtohearthatyouareinterestedinChinaandIwillbehappytotrytotellyousomethingaboutmycountry.
ChinaandtheUSAarebothlargecountries.Somethingsaboutthetwocountriesaresimilar,whileotherthingsaredifferent.
Thetwocountriesareaboutthesamesize,butChinaisalittlelargerwithanareaof9.6millionkm2.However,thepopulationofChinaismanytimeslarger.Ithasapopulationofnearly1.3billionbuttheUSAhasonlyabout283million.ThismeansthatthereismuchmorespaceintheUSAforitspopulation.
TwoofthemostimportantcitiesintheUSAareontheEastCoast.TheyareNewYork,thelargestcityintheUSA,andWashingtonDC,thecapital.LosAngelesisthelargestandmostfamouscityintheWestCoast.InChinatherearemanycitieswithlargepopulations.AmongthebestknownareBeijing,thecapital,Tianjin,ChongqingandShanghai,thelargestcityinChina.
Ihopethiswillhelpyou.IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChina,oraboutme,pleasesendanothere-mail.IwouldbehappytohearfromyouandIwouldliketoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
Yours,
ZhangMinghui

Period4LanguagePoints
1.entryn.(1)进入,入场;(演员)出场(2)入口;门口(3)通道,路口;河口(4)登记;申报;记录;项目,帐目;词条输入,引入,引入线(5)参加竞赛的人[物](6)(海关)报关手续,报单(7)对土地的侵占;对家宅的侵入
makeatriumphantentryintothetown凯旋入城
bookkeepingbydouble[single]entry复[单]式簿记wordentry(词典中的)词条
fiftyentriesforMarathonrace50名马拉松赛跑参加者
Theirentryintothewarchangedthewholesituation他们的参战改变了整个局势。
习惯用语
forceone`sentryinto闯入makeanentryin记入,登记,入场
makeone`sentry出场entryofsatisfaction偿清登记
2.mentaladj(1)心理的;智力的(2)在心内做的;智力所为的
(3)精神病的mentalillness精神病mentalpatient精神病患者
(4)疯的;精神不正常的
Don`tlistentohim;he`smental."别听他的,他是个疯子。"
3.physicaladj(1)(与思想、精神相对的)物质的
(2)自然的;按自然法则的physicallaws自然法则
(3)身体的;肉体的physicaltraining体育锻炼
Physicalfitnessishavingastronghealthybody.
身体健康就是有一个强壮健康的身体。
(4)物理学的;物理的physicalchange物理变化
4.troubledadj.困惑的;骚乱的,不安的
troubledtimes乱世troubledwaters波涛汹涌的海;混乱状态
fishintroubledwaters[喻]浑水摸鱼,趁火打劫
5.depressionn.(1)低气压区;低气压
Adepressionusuallybringsbadweather.低气压通常带来坏天气。
(2)沮丧;愁苦;抑郁;失望情绪
Aholidaywillhelphisdepression.度假会帮助他改善抑郁情绪。
(3)萧条,不景气;经济萧条时期economicdepression经济萧条
Manymenlosttheirjobsduringthebusinessdepression.
在商业萧条时期很多人都失业了。
6.unrestn.不稳;不安的状态;骚乱,动乱
campusunrest大学学潮,学生运动;financialunrest金融动荡
monetaryunrest货币动荡
7.recoverre-重+cover盖vt,vi恢复,复原;收回;取回;
IrecoveredthemoneyIhadlost.我找回了丢失的钱。
Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.她很快就恢复了常态,不哭了。
Sherecoveredfromacold.她感冒好了。
Ihopeyouwillsoonrecover.希望你早日康复。
8.unemploymentn.失业;失业状态
AlotofworkerswerethrownintounemploymentduringtheGreatDepression.
经济大萧条时期很多工人被迫失业。
unemploymentbenefit[compensation]失业救济;
unemploymentinsurance失业保险;unemploymentpay失业补贴
9.sacrificen(1)供奉,祭祀;祭品
Alambwasofferedinsacrifice.一只小羊用作祭祀。
(2)牺牲,献身Hisparentsmadesacrificestopayforhiseducation.他的父母为供他上学而作出了牺牲。
(3)牺牲品Hegavehislifeasasacrificeforhiscountry.他为国牺牲了。
sacrificevt,vi-ficed,-ficing(1)(常与to连用)供奉,祭祀;献祭
Hesacrificedasheepinthetemple.他在寺庙里供奉上一只羊。
(2)(常与to连用)牺牲;献身Amotherwillsacrificeherlifeforherchildren.母亲会为自己的孩子操劳一生的。Shehassacrificedherselftoherhusband`sinterests.为了丈夫的利益,她牺牲了自己。
10.vainadj(1)无用的;无结果的;徒劳的
avainattempt无用的尝试vainpromises空头许诺
(2)自负的;爱虚荣的
She`sveryvainabouthergoodlooks.她为她那好的容貌而自负。
invain徒然,枉然
Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.
警察企图驱散抗议的人群,但没有成功。
Allourworkwasinvain.我们所有的工作都白费了。
11.overcomevt.(-came;-come)
(1)打败,征服;克服(困难)
overcomedifficulties战胜困难overcomeone`sshortcomings克服缺点
(2)[常用被动语态]压倒,制服,...不堪(with,by)
beovercomewithliquor喝醉;Wewereovercomewithjoy.我们喜出望外。
Wewereovercomebyheat.我们热得受不了。
12.despiteprep相当于inspiteof,“不管;不顾;即使”
Despitethebadweatherweenjoyedourholiday.
尽管天气不好,我们的假期仍过得很愉快。
Despitewantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletters.
她尽管很想再见到他,但却不愿给他回信。
13.eventuallyadv最后
Heworkedsohardthateventuallyhemadehimselfill.
他工作太卖力,最后自己病倒了。
"Whenitwaseventuallybroughttoshore,itwasfoundtobeoverthirteenfeetlong.""最后把它弄上岸时,发现这条鱼身长超过13英尺。"
Thesedesertedorphanslivedhappilyeverafter.
此后,这些被遗弃的孤儿一直过得很幸福。
14.takeachance冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会
注:opportunity,chance,的一般含义是“时机”或“机会”。
(1)opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。比方:“伺机而动”,这“而动”即去做自己想去完成的事情,此语可译为waitforanopportunitytotakeaction;“借此机会说几句话”,这“说几句话”即说明该时机符合自己想干某事的意愿,此语可译为toavailoneselfoftheopportunitytosayafewwords.
Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththesepictures,butfewofushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.或许这两种想象中都有一定的真实成分,但是我们中很少有人有机会去发现它。
Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwenty-centuryopportunities.我们许多人都相信,没有受过教育的人是境况不佳的不幸牺牲品,他们被剥夺了20世纪最了不起的机会之一。
(2)chance表示幸运或偶然的时机
Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.可能正是寻觅幽静的去处,或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。
Noonediscoversararitybychance.侥幸发现一件珍品的人是没有的。
15.hostn主人;主办(地、机构);hostess女主持人,女主人
MrBrownwasourhostattheparty.布朗先生是我们晚会的主人。
MissWangXiaoyawillbethehostessoftoday’sprogram.
王小丫将担任今天节目的女主持人。
"Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother.""客队和主队各赢一场,现在他们两队打平了。"
hostvt作东,作为主人招待;主办
Theacademicconferencewashostedbyouruniverstiy.
我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。
AtlantaandLosAngeleshavehostedtheOlympicGames.亚特兰大和洛杉矶都主办过奥林匹克运动会。

人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案


一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备,教师要准备好教案,这是教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐,减轻教师们在教学时的教学压力。我们要如何写好一份值得称赞的教案呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica教案》,希望能为您提供更多的参考。

人教版高二Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Period1Let’slistenandspeak!
Goals
◆TalkabouttheUSA.
◆Practisedescribingplaces.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityoflisteningandspeaking.
Procedures
Leadingin:bybrainstorm.
Morning,class!Asisknown,Americaisoneofthemostdevelopedandimportantcountriesintheworld.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutAmerica?
WhoisthepresidentofAmericanow?
WhowasthefirstpresidentofAmerica?
What’sontheAmericannationalflag?
WhendidAmericabecomeanindependentcountry?
WhataremostfamousuniversitiesinAmerica?
What’sthenicknameofNewYork?
Excellent!Youdidwell.NowtolearnmoreaboutAmerica,pleaseturntopage41andlet’slearnLocationofUSA
NorthAmerica,borderingboththeNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthPacificOcean,betweenCanadaandMexico
Task1:Looking,discussingandfinishing.
1.Lookatpage41orthescreen.ThisisamapoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandtworelatedpictures.Decidewhetherthefollowing8sentences(onpage41-42)aretrueorfalse.
2.OK,nowyouareingroupsdiscussingwhatyouknowaboutUSAandwhatyou’dliketoknowmoreaboutit.Afterthediscussion,you’dbettermakealistofthethingsdiscussed.
Task2:Listening,correctingandspeaking.
1.Askthestudentstolistentopart1andcorrecttheerrorsinWangXiao’snotesonpage42.
2.Askthestudentstolistentopart1againandanswerthequestionsonpage42.
3.Askthestudentstolistenpart2andchoosethebestanswersonpage42.
4.Askthestudentstorepeatthelisteningtextofnecessary.
Task3:Speaking.
Putthestudentsinpairstodiscuss:Whatdoesyourhometownlooklike?
Usefulexpressions
1.Whatdoesitlooklike?
2.Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe…?
3.It’s…meterslong/wide/high/tall.
4.Thereis…inthenorth.
5.Wheredoesitlie?
6.Itliesintheeast/west/north/westof…
Closingupbyproduction.
Now,that’sallforthediscussion.I’dlikeyoutodescribetotheclasswhatyourhometownlookslike.Whowillhaveatry?
Homework
Askthestudentstowriteashortparagraphabouthis/herhometownoracityinhis/herprovince.

Period2Let’sread!
(THEAMERICANSOUTH)
Goals
◆ProvidestudentswithopportunitiestoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
◆Learnandmastersomekeylanguagepoints.
◆Improvestudents’capabilityofcomprehension.
Procedures
Leadingin:byapuzzle.
Goodmorning,class!Pleaselookatthescreen,matchtheeventsandthetime.
Great!ToknowmoreabouttheUSA,pleaseturntopage43.WeshalllearnTHEAMERICANSOUTH.
USA:Flagdescription
13equalhorizontalstripesofred(topandbottom)alternatingwithwhite;thereisabluerectangleintheupperhoist-sidecornerbearing50small,white,five-pointedstarsarrangedinnineoffsethorizontalrowsofsixstars(topandbottom)alternatingwithrowsoffivestars;the50starsrepresentthe50states,the13stripesrepresentthe13originalcolonies;knownasldGlory;thedesignandcolorshavebeenthebasisforanumberofotherflags,includingChile,Liberia,Malaysia,andPuertoRico
Task1:Readingforgeneralideas.
1.Askthestudentstoreadthetextquickly,thenfindthemainideatoeachparagraph.
2.Askthestudentstoreadthetextcarefully,thenfinishPOST-READINGonpage44.
Task2:Readingandcopying.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEAMERICANSOUTH
Findwaystodosth.,dealwith…,drive…off…,beslowtoheal,thescarsrundeep,bebehind…inareaslikeeducationandeconomy,burndown…,recoverfrom…,takeaway…,aimat…,aseriesof…,inhonorof…,invain,beproudof…,bedeterminedtodosth.,makeanewbeginning,beknownfor…,share…with…,beproudtodosth.,displayone’simage,aboomingbusinesscenter
Task3:Discussing.
Askthestudentstodiscussthefollowingquestions:
WhydidthepeopleofAtlantarebuildthecityalmostfromnothing?
WhydoesthetexttellusaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.?
WhatcanwelearnfromthedevelopmentofAtlanta?
Closingupbyretellingthetext.
FinallyI’dlikeoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.

Period3Let’sstudy!
(Grammar:ReviewNonfiniteVerbs2)
Goals
◆HelpthestudentstosummarizemethodsofWordFormation.
◆HelpthestudentstoimprovetheirabilitytodefinewordsinEnglish.
◆HelpthestudentstoreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).
Procedures
Leadingin(1):listening.
Goodmorning,class!WelearnedTHEAMERICANSOUTHyesterday.Nowlet’slistentoit.
OK.TodayweregoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Leadingin(2):bypresentation.
Hello,everyone!YesterdaywelearnedthetextTHEAMERICANSOUTH.Iwantoneofyoutoretellthetextinyourownwords.Whowouldliketotry?
Welldone!NowtodaywearegoingtodowithwordstudyandreviewNonfiniteVerbs(2).Pleaseturntopage45,andlet’sbeginwithwordstudy.
Task1:Pickingoutthedifferentword.
Askthestudentstopickoutonewordfromeachgroupthatisdifferentfromtheothersandexplainwhyitisdifferentonpage45.
Task2:Speakingandfinishing.
AskthestudentstowritethecorrectformsofthewordsaccordingtoWordFormationonpage45.
Task3:Fillingintheblanks.
Askthestudentstofillineachblankwiththecorrectadjectivegiveninthebox.ThenaskthestudentstotranslatethesentencesintoChineseifnecessary.
Task4:ReviewingNonfiniteVerbs(2).
1.HelpthestudentstoreviewthefunctionsofNonfiniteVerbs.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheexercisesonpage46.
3.AskthestudentstoreadTheAmericaSouthagaintofindanyexamplesofNonfiniteverbs.
Homework:Readthefollowingpassage.
USA:ABriefDescription
It’sthoughtthattheAmericaswerefirstinhabitedbyStoneAgepeoplesthatmigratedfromSiberia.
Overthemanycenturiesthatfollowed,thelandwascoveredandterritorializedfromcoasttocoastbyawidevarietyofIndiantribes.
Andthen,theWhitMancame.FirsttheNorsemanfromGreenland,andthenalargegroupofEuropeanexplorers.
ConflictsandwarsoverlandsclaimedbyIndiansandotherestablishednationswerefollowedbytheIndependenceWar,asAmerica,anditsupstartcolonies,brokefromEnglandanddeclaredtheirindependence.
TodaytheUnitedStatesofAmerica,remainsontheplantonlytruesuperpower,bothineconomyandmilitary.
Astheworld’slargesteconomy,it’sasignificantleadinginthefieldsofagriculture,education,energy,healthcare,high-tech,serviceindustries,spaceexploration,andmanufacturingofalldescriptions.
Thecountryincludes50states;48continentalstates,plusAlaskaandHawaii,theneweststates.
Dozensofmajorcitiescoverthelandfromcoast-to–coast,andWashingtonD.C.,thecapital,reflectstheincrediblehistoryofAmerica,andstandsasasymbolofitsfreedom,liberty,andjusticeforall.
Period4Let’sreadandwrite!
(THEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA)
Goals
◆Providethestudentswithopportunitiestodeveloptheirextensivereadingskillsandlearnaboutthebison.
◆Letthestudentspractiseinwritingacomparisonessay.
Procedures
Leadingin:bylistening.
Morning,class!WehavelearnedsomethingabouttheUSA,especiallyaboutAtlanta.Todaywe’lllearnsomethingaboutalargeanimalontheplainsofAmerica.Nowpleaseturntopage46andreadthetextTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICAwhilelisteningtotherecording.
Task1:Readingandcorrecting.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextquicklyandthendecidewhetherthesentencesaretrueorfalseonpage47.
Task2:Copyingdownexpressions.
Askthestudentstoreadthetextagainandcopydowntheusefulexpressions.
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
UsefulexpressionsfromTHEBISONONTHEPLAINSOFAMERICA
crossalandbridge,liveby…,atypeof…,inhugenumbers,growtoashoulderheightof1.5meters,weigh1,100kilograms,kill…formeat,providewarmclothing,make…from…,from2004onward,movewestward,makeagreementswith…,breakagreements,buildrailwayscrosstheplains,cutofftheskins,asaresult,dieout,inturn
Task3:Discussingandfinishing.
NowyouareingroupstodiscussthequestionofWhat’stheecosystemontheplainsofAmerica?
Afterthediscussion,finishingthediagramonpage48.
Task4:WritinganE-mailaboutthecomparisonbetweenChinaandtheUSA.
1.Askthestudentstogothroughtheinformationonpage48.
2.Askthestudentstofinishtheirwriting.
Closingupbypresentation.
Haveyoufinishedyourwriting?Nowingroupsyouareaskedtopresentyourworkbyreadingitaloud,andthendecideonthebestandrecommendittomeafterschool.Thetoptwopieceswillgetrewards.
SampleWriting
DearJenny,
Thankyouforyoure-mail.I’mgladtohearthatyouareinterestedinChinaandIwillbehappytotrytotellyousomethingaboutmycountry.
ChinaandtheUSAarebothlargecountries.Somethingsaboutthetwocountriesaresimilar,whileotherthingsaredifferent.
Thetwocountriesareaboutthesamesize,butChinaisalittlelargerwithanareaof9.6millionkm2.However,thepopulationofChinaismanytimeslarger.Ithasapopulationofnearly1.3billionbuttheUSAhasonlyabout283million.ThismeansthatthereismuchmorespaceintheUSAforitspopulation.
TwoofthemostimportantcitiesintheUSAareontheEastCoast.TheyareNewYork,thelargestcityintheUSA,andWashingtonDC,thecapital.LosAngelesisthelargestandmostfamouscityintheWestCoast.InChinatherearemanycitieswithlargepopulations.AmongthebestknownareBeijing,thecapital,Tianjin,ChongqingandShanghai,thelargestcityinChina.
Ihopethiswillhelpyou.IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChina,oraboutme,pleasesendanothere-mail.IwouldbehappytohearfromyouandIwouldliketoknowmoreabouttheUSA.
Yours,
ZhangMinghui

Period4LanguagePoints
1.entryn.(1)进入,入场;(演员)出场(2)入口;门口(3)通道,路口;河口(4)登记;申报;记录;项目,帐目;词条输入,引入,引入线(5)参加竞赛的人[物](6)(海关)报关手续,报单(7)对土地的侵占;对家宅的侵入
makeatriumphantentryintothetown凯旋入城
bookkeepingbydouble[single]entry复[单]式簿记wordentry(词典中的)词条
fiftyentriesforMarathonrace50名马拉松赛跑参加者
Theirentryintothewarchangedthewholesituation他们的参战改变了整个局势。
习惯用语
forceone`sentryinto闯入makeanentryin记入,登记,入场
makeone`sentry出场entryofsatisfaction偿清登记
2.mentaladj(1)心理的;智力的(2)在心内做的;智力所为的
(3)精神病的mentalillness精神病mentalpatient精神病患者
(4)疯的;精神不正常的
Don`tlistentohim;he`smental."别听他的,他是个疯子。"
3.physicaladj(1)(与思想、精神相对的)物质的
(2)自然的;按自然法则的physicallaws自然法则
(3)身体的;肉体的physicaltraining体育锻炼
Physicalfitnessishavingastronghealthybody.
身体健康就是有一个强壮健康的身体。
(4)物理学的;物理的physicalchange物理变化
4.troubledadj.困惑的;骚乱的,不安的
troubledtimes乱世troubledwaters波涛汹涌的海;混乱状态
fishintroubledwaters[喻]浑水摸鱼,趁火打劫
5.depressionn.(1)低气压区;低气压
Adepressionusuallybringsbadweather.低气压通常带来坏天气。
(2)沮丧;愁苦;抑郁;失望情绪
Aholidaywillhelphisdepression.度假会帮助他改善抑郁情绪。
(3)萧条,不景气;经济萧条时期economicdepression经济萧条
Manymenlosttheirjobsduringthebusinessdepression.
在商业萧条时期很多人都失业了。
6.unrestn.不稳;不安的状态;骚乱,动乱
campusunrest大学学潮,学生运动;financialunrest金融动荡
monetaryunrest货币动荡
7.recoverre-重+cover盖vt,vi恢复,复原;收回;取回;
IrecoveredthemoneyIhadlost.我找回了丢失的钱。
Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.她很快就恢复了常态,不哭了。
Sherecoveredfromacold.她感冒好了。
Ihopeyouwillsoonrecover.希望你早日康复。
8.unemploymentn.失业;失业状态
AlotofworkerswerethrownintounemploymentduringtheGreatDepression.
经济大萧条时期很多工人被迫失业。
unemploymentbenefit[compensation]失业救济;
unemploymentinsurance失业保险;unemploymentpay失业补贴
9.sacrificen(1)供奉,祭祀;祭品
Alambwasofferedinsacrifice.一只小羊用作祭祀。
(2)牺牲,献身Hisparentsmadesacrificestopayforhiseducation.他的父母为供他上学而作出了牺牲。
(3)牺牲品Hegavehislifeasasacrificeforhiscountry.他为国牺牲了。
sacrificevt,vi-ficed,-ficing(1)(常与to连用)供奉,祭祀;献祭
Hesacrificedasheepinthetemple.他在寺庙里供奉上一只羊。
(2)(常与to连用)牺牲;献身Amotherwillsacrificeherlifeforherchildren.母亲会为自己的孩子操劳一生的。Shehassacrificedherselftoherhusband`sinterests.为了丈夫的利益,她牺牲了自己。
10.vainadj(1)无用的;无结果的;徒劳的
avainattempt无用的尝试vainpromises空头许诺
(2)自负的;爱虚荣的
She`sveryvainabouthergoodlooks.她为她那好的容貌而自负。
invain徒然,枉然
Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.
警察企图驱散抗议的人群,但没有成功。
Allourworkwasinvain.我们所有的工作都白费了。
11.overcomevt.(-came;-come)
(1)打败,征服;克服(困难)
overcomedifficulties战胜困难overcomeone`sshortcomings克服缺点
(2)[常用被动语态]压倒,制服,...不堪(with,by)
beovercomewithliquor喝醉;Wewereovercomewithjoy.我们喜出望外。
Wewereovercomebyheat.我们热得受不了。
12.despiteprep相当于inspiteof,“不管;不顾;即使”
Despitethebadweatherweenjoyedourholiday.
尽管天气不好,我们的假期仍过得很愉快。
Despitewantingtoseehimagain,sherefusedtoreplytohisletters.
她尽管很想再见到他,但却不愿给他回信。
13.eventuallyadv最后
Heworkedsohardthateventuallyhemadehimselfill.
他工作太卖力,最后自己病倒了。
"Whenitwaseventuallybroughttoshore,itwasfoundtobeoverthirteenfeetlong.""最后把它弄上岸时,发现这条鱼身长超过13英尺。"
Thesedesertedorphanslivedhappilyeverafter.
此后,这些被遗弃的孤儿一直过得很幸福。
14.takeachance冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会
注:opportunity,chance,的一般含义是“时机”或“机会”。
(1)opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。比方:“伺机而动”,这“而动”即去做自己想去完成的事情,此语可译为waitforanopportunitytotakeaction;“借此机会说几句话”,这“说几句话”即说明该时机符合自己想干某事的意愿,此语可译为toavailoneselfoftheopportunitytosayafewwords.
Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththesepictures,butfewofushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.或许这两种想象中都有一定的真实成分,但是我们中很少有人有机会去发现它。
Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwenty-centuryopportunities.我们许多人都相信,没有受过教育的人是境况不佳的不幸牺牲品,他们被剥夺了20世纪最了不起的机会之一。
(2)chance表示幸运或偶然的时机
Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.可能正是寻觅幽静的去处,或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。
Noonediscoversararitybychance.侥幸发现一件珍品的人是没有的。
15.hostn主人;主办(地、机构);hostess女主持人,女主人
MrBrownwasourhostattheparty.布朗先生是我们晚会的主人。
MissWangXiaoyawillbethehostessoftoday’sprogram.
王小丫将担任今天节目的女主持人。
"Thehostteamandtheguestteamwoneachofthegames,sotheywereevenwitheachother.""客队和主队各赢一场,现在他们两队打平了。"
hostvt作东,作为主人招待;主办
Theacademicconferencewashostedbyouruniverstiy.
我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。
AtlantaandLosAngeleshavehostedtheOlympicGames.亚特兰大和洛杉矶都主办过奥林匹克运动会。

高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica


俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。作为教师准备好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助授课经验少的教师教学。怎么才能让教案写的更加全面呢?下面是小编帮大家编辑的《高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica》,仅供参考,希望能为您提供参考!

2011高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
?自式复习板块
知识搜索
A.单词?
1.进入许可;进入;词条(?n.?)________________
2.萧条期;降低;沮丧(?n.?)________________
3.痛苦;折磨(?n.?)________________
4.失业;失业人数(?n.?)________________
5.重建;重建物(?n.?)________________
6.市长(?n.?)________________
7.隔离;分离(?n.?)________________
8.不公平;非正义(?n.?)________________
9.葬礼(?n.?)________________
10.开端;黎明(?n.?)________________
11.链条;连锁;一连串(?n.?)________________
12.心甘情愿的;愿意的(?adj.?)_______________
13.普遍的;分布广的(?adj.?)_______________
14.财务的;金融的;财政的(?adj.?)_______________
15.经济的;节约的(?adj.?)_______________
16.以前的;(两者中的)前者(?adj.?)_______________
17.脑力的;智力的;精神的(?adj.?)_______________
18.清楚的;明白的;平易的(?adj.?)_______________
19.战胜;克服(?v.?)________________
20.腐烂;堕落(?v.?)________________
答案:1.entry 2.depression 3.suffering?4.unemployment 5.reconstruction ?6.mayor? 7.segregation 8.injustice ?9.funeral? 10.dawn 11.chain 12.willing 13.widespread 14.financial ?15.economical? 16.former 17.mental 18.plain 19.overcome 20.rot?
B.短语?
21.徒劳;白辛苦_______________
22.不打扰;不理会_______________
23.从破坏中恢复_____________________________
24.以结束隔离制度为目标_____________________________
25.下定决心重新开始be___________________________________________
26.一系列的_____________________
27.以这些植物为主______________theseplants?
28.灭绝______________
29.为……腾出空间_____________________
30.达成协议______/_____________________
答案:21.invain 22.leavealone ?23.recover?fromthedestruction 24.aimatendingsegregation 25.determinedtomakeanewbeginning 26.aseriesof 27.liveon 28.dieout 29.makeroomfor 30.make/reachanagreement
C.句型?
31.—Whatdoesyoursisterlooklike?
—She_____________myMum.
32.—Haveyoumetthenewboss?What______?
—Oh,heisreallykind.Weareluckytohavesuchaboss.
答案:31.lookslike/islike 32.ishelike
D.语法?
33.我们的希望能实现吗??
Isitpossibleforourhopes______________.
34.她是第一个被选为总统的妇女。?
Shewasthefirstwomanto________________.
35.老师要试卷马上做好。?
Theteacherwantsthetestpapers____________atonce.
36.你有开这个门的钥匙吗??
Haveyougotakey____________thedoor?
37.这本书很难理解。?
Thebookisdifficult__________.
答案:33.toberealized 34.havebeenelectedpresident 35.tobetyped 36.to?unlock? 37.tounderstand
?重难聚焦
重点单词
要点1 resist
Hetriedtorunawayfromthepoliceandwaschargedwith_______arrest.?
A.protecting B.defending C.resisting D.enforcing?
解析:resistarrest拒捕。?
答案:C
归纳与迁移?
(1)(武力)抵抗,对抗?
Hecouldresisttheattacknolonger.?
他再也抵抗不住进攻了。?
(2)抗拒(计划、主张等)?
Resistthecallforreform.?
抗拒实行改革的号召。?
(3)耐,抗?
resistheat/damp耐热/防潮?
(4)不屈从,经得住?
Shecouldhardlyresistlaughing.?
她真忍不住要笑。?
Ican’tresistbakedapples.?
我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
??要点2 recover
InafewdaysMrBarnstaplehad______strengthofbodyandmind.?
A.recoveredB.returned?
C.curedD.rejuvenated?
解析:recover恢复。?
答案:A
归纳与迁移?
(1)恢复健康;痊愈?
Graduallysherecoveredherhealth.?
她逐渐恢复了健康。?
It’sgoingtobesometimebeforeIrecovermyfullstrength.?
还要一些时间我才能完全恢复体力。?
(2)berecovered痊愈了,恢复了(健康)?
Hewasstillnotfullyrecoveredandhismemorywaspoor.?
这时他还没有痊愈,记忆力很差。?
Shewasquiterecoveredbysupperandthemealwascheerful.?
到吃晚饭时,她情绪已经很好了,饭吃得很香。?
(3)recoverfrom从……中复原?
Hehasjustrecoveredfromasevereillness.?
他害了一场大病,刚刚痊愈。?
(4)recoveroneself镇静下来,恢复原样?
Shesoonrecoveredherselfandstoppedcrying.?
她很快冷静下来,不再哭了。
重点短语
要点1 putout
Lastyearthefactory______oversixmillionrecords.?
A.putforwardB.putdown?
C.putoutD.putthrough?
解析:purforward“提出计划等”;putdown“放下,写下”;putout“生产”;putthrough“使经受”,根据句意“生产超过600万的记录”,选C。?
答案:C
归纳与迁移?
(1)发布;出版;广播?
Theydecidedtoputoutabookthatwouldcontainallkindsofworldrecords.?
他们决定出版一本书,书中包含各种世界记录。?
(2)(植物)生长出(叶、芽等)?
Thetreesarebeginningtoputoutshoots.?
树木正在发芽。?
(3)生产,产生?
Theplantputsout400newcarsaweek.?
该厂每周生产400辆新车。?
(4)扑灭?
Firemenputoutthefire.?
消防员把火扑灭了。?
(5)关掉?
Pleaseputoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.?
上床之前请把灯关掉。
?要点2 takeachance
(2010全国Ⅲ,10)Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet______chance.?
A.ofB.in
C.forD.by?
解析:bychance偶然地;意外地。?
答案:D
归纳与迁移?
(1)takeachance(on)sth.试图做成某事;冒险;碰运气?
Thisroadmaynotbetheonewewant,butwehavetotakeachance.?
我们要走的可能并不是这条路,但是我们不得不试一下。?
Thechainsmightbreakbutthat’sachanceI’llhavetotake.?
链条也许会断,但我不得不冒这个险。?
(2)chance作名词还有其他重要意思:?
机会,运气?
Ihaven’thadachancetoreadmyletter.?
我还没有机会看我的信呢。?
Isthereanychanceoftheteamwinningthisweek?
这个队本星期有无获胜的机会??
可能性?
ThereisachancethatIwillseehimthesedays.?
这几天我有可能见到他。?
(3)相关短语?
byanychance可能;或许?
bychance偶然地;意外地?
thechanceare(that)...很可能……?
(4)chance作动词表偶然发生;碰巧;冒险?
Itchancedthatthetrainwaslatethatday.?
那天偶然火车晚点。?
Youshouldn’tchanceallyourmoneyatonce.?
你不应该一下子拿所有的钱去碰运气。
必背句型
要点1 insiston...坚持……
(2010江苏,25)Themaninsisted_______ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.?
A.findB.tofind
C.onfindingD.infinding?
解析:insistonsth./doingsth.坚持做某事。?
答案:C
归纳与迁移?
(1)insistonsth./doingsth.坚持;坚决主张;固执地声称??
Weinsistonself-reliance.?
我们坚持自力更生。?
Iinsistedonyourbeingthere.?
我坚持要你在那里。?
Heinsistedongivingmeasecondhelping.?
他坚持再给我一次帮助。?
(2)insist所跟的宾语从句中,如果一件事情已经做过,表示坚持说,从句时态跟谓语动词时态变化;而当一件事情尚未做,表示坚决主张怎样时,从句常用shoulddo表虚拟。
Weinsistthatyouacceptthesegifts.?
我们坚决要求你收下这些礼物。?
Weallinsistthatwe(should)notrestuntilwefinishthework.?
大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息。
要点2 What...looklike?看上去什么样子?
Themanwasholdingwhat______aguncoveredbyaplasticbag.?
A.lookslikeB.lookedlike?
C.likesD.liked?
解析:looklike表示看上去的样子像什么;like表示“像”,是介词,本题what引导宾语从句,因此要选择动词词组。?
答案:B
归纳与迁移?
(1)What...looklike?看上去什么样子??
Whatdoesthebuildingyoumentionedlooklike?
你提到的房子什么样??
Itlookslikeachurch.?
看上去像个教堂。?
Canyoutelluswhatitlookslike?
你能不能告诉我们它看起来什么样啊??
Giveustenyearsandjustseewhatthisplacewilllooklike.?
给我们10年时间,看这个地方会变成什么样。?
(2)What...like?怎么样?(让人描述或给出意见)?
What’stheweatherliketoday?
今天的天气怎么样??
Whatwilllifebelikeinthefuture?
未来的生活会是什么样子??
What’syourteacherlike?
你的老师是个什么样的人?

高二英语Unit17Disabilities知识点总复习教案


高二英语Unit17Disabilities知识点总复习教案
SectionIII词汇语法、综合技能
18.Everyfouryears,mentallydisabledathletescometogethertotakepartintheSpecialOlympics.智障运动员每四年聚会一次,参加特殊奥运会。(p.55IntegratingSkill第一段第1行)*every的一种用法
▲此处every用在数词前,如everytwo(three,etc.),意为“每两个(三……)个……”。如:①Igothereeverythreedays.我每三天去那里一次。②TheAmericanpeopleelectapresidenteveryfouryears.美国人四年选一次总统。③Thereisabustothestationeverytenminutes.每十分钟有一辆公共汽车进站。④Theystoppedandrestedeveryfivemiles.他们每五英里停下来休息一会儿。⑤Ninewomenhavelostjobsforeveryfivemen.每五个男子失业就有九个女子失业。
也可以跟序数词表示同样的意思。如:①TheOlympicsareheldeveryfourthyear.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。②Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverythirdday.近来大约每三天就要下一次雪。
值得注意的是表示“每隔……”。要用everyother或everysecond。如“每隔一天”,要说everyotherday或everysecondday。①Iwenthomeeveryotherweek.我每隔一周回家一次。②"Pleasewriteeveryotherline."saidtheteacher.老师说:“请隔行写”。
19.JustliketheregularOlympicGames,theeventsaresurroundedbygrandceremonyand…正如通常举办的奥运会一样。(p.55IntegratingSkill第一段第2行)
*event,incident和accident
▲这三个词都表示“事件”,但各有不同,event一般表示比较重大的事件或体育运动的比赛项目。如:①Adaughtersmarriageisquiteaneventforamother.女儿的婚姻对一个母亲来说确实是件大事。②ThesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencewasanimportantevent.《独立宣言》的签定是重大事件。③Thenexteventwillbe100metres.下一个比赛项目是一百米赛跑。④Thefirstdayatschoolisabigeventinachildslife.上学第一天在孩子的一生中是件大事。
▲incident是指“(不寻常的或令人不快的)事情、小事情、插曲”。①Letsforgetthewholeincident.忘了那件不愉快的事吧!②Therewasafunnyincidentwhenthefatwomancouldntgetoutofthecar.当那个胖女人下不了小汽车时有一段滑稽的插曲。③Thatwasone0fthestrangestincidentsinmylife.那是我一生中最奇怪的事之一。
▲incident也可以表示引起战争、争端的事件;可作为battle,war一类词的委婉说法。如:①Frontierincidentshavebeencommonalongtheborderbetweenthetwocountries.两国常发生边界事件。②Thediplomaticincidentwascausedbymisunderstanding.这一外交事件是由误解造成的。
▲accident多指“不愉快的、意外的、不测之事导致不良后果”。如:①Helostbothhislegsinatrainaccident.
他在一次火车事故中失去了双腿。②Therewereseveralpeopleinjuredinthetrafficaccident.在这次交通事故中有好几个人受了伤。
▲accident也可以指中性的事情。如:theaccidentofbirth出生这件事。theaccidentthatFranceandGermanyhaveacommonborder法国和德国有共同的边界线的情况。
▲surroundby/with
surroundby/with意思是“四周都是”“处于……的气氛中”。如:①Oursisahillyareasurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.我们这儿是一个山区,三面都是大山。②Thegardenwaslarge,surroundedbyahighwallandshadedbythicktrees.这座花园很大,周围有一道高墙,里面有茂密的树林。③Theylovebeingsurroundedbyfamiliarpossessions.他们喜欢周围摆放一些熟悉的东西。④Hefoundhimselfsurroundedwithanatmosphereofkindness.他发现自己处在友好的气氛之中。⑤Theyweresurroundedwithdangerstheyknew.他们知道他们处于危险之中。
surroundedwith/by实际上是个过去分词短语,现在分词surrounding可单独作前置定语。如:①Thetownswatercomesfromthesurroundinghills.这个城镇的水是从周围的小山上流下来的。②Therearealotofinterestingplacestovisitinthesurroundingarea.周围地区有很多风景胜地可参观。
surrounding也可作名词用,意为“周围的事物”“环境”。如:①Idliketobringupmychildinhealthysurroundings.我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。②Shegrewupincomfortablesurroundings.她在舒适的环境中长大。
20.Livingwithamentaldisabilityisperhapsthemostdifficultchallengeahumanbeingcanfaceinlife.同残疾人生活在一起也许是人们所能面临的最困难的挑战。(p.55Integratingskills第二段第1–2行)
▲facevt./vi.“面向”“朝”此时可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词①Sheturnedtofacethenewcomerandintroducedherself.她转身面向新来者作了自我介绍。②Thebuildingfacesthestreet.那建筑物面对着街道。③--Howdoesthathouseface?--Itfacestotheeast.“那座房子朝哪边?”“朝东边。”④Manufacturingindustryfaceagrimfutureifthegovernmentpursuesitspresentpolicies.如果政府继续推行现行政策,制造工业将面临严酷的未来。⑤Hecouldntfacehisbossaftermakingsuchafoolofhimselfatthemeeting.他做出这样的丑事后,不敢面对自己的老板。
face常用短语:faceapersondown以势压人;faceupto勇敢地对付;befacedwith面临、面对;faceout大胆地,坚持到底;facetoface面对面;相对;inapersonsface当着某人的面;inthefaceof面对,不顾;make/pullaface扮鬼脸;set/putonesfaceagainst强烈反对、抵制;takeonanewface面貌一新;turnone’sfaceaway把脸转过去;facethemusic面对失败、接受批评
拓展:face还可意为“面对/面临(问题、挫折、困难等)”
21.Thedisabilitymakeseverydaylifedifficultandsocietyoftenfailstotreatthementallydisabledwithdignityandrespect.残疾使日常生活困难,社会也经常不能给智力障碍者以尊重和尊严。(p.55Integratingskills第二段第2行)
▲注意everyday和everyday在用法上的不同,前者是形容词,作前置定语,后者作状语修饰动词。如:①Itisacommoneverydayexpression.这是一个普通的日常用语。②Thenshechangedintohereverydayclothes.然后她换上了日常的衣服。③ThebookiswritteninsimpleeverydayEnglish.这本书是用简单的日常用语写的。④Shecametoseeuseveryday.她每天都来看我们。⑤Everydayyousaidtoyourself,"Iwilllearnmylessontomorrow."Nowyouseewhathashappened.每天你总对自己说“我明天学功课。”现在你看发生什么了。
▲fail表示“没能做到某事”可用failtodosth.也可以说failindoingsth.。如:①Herangthenumberagain,butfailedtogetaconnection.他又拔了那个号,仍然没能接通。②Ifailedtoseehim.Hewasout.我没见到他,他出去了。③Hefailedtopasstheexaminationthoughcarelessness.由于粗心,他考试没有及格。④Ifailedinpersuadinghim.我没能说服他。⑤Healwaysfailstolockthedoorwhenheleaves.他离开时总是忘记锁门。
failsb.有“使某人失望”之意。如:①Hisfriendsfailedhimwhenhemostneededthem.他的朋友们在他最需要他们的时候使他失望了。②Shereachedforachairandsatdownsuddenly,asifherlegshadfailedher.她伸手抓过一把椅子,突然坐了下来,好像她的腿支持不住了似的。③Shewassoupsetthatwordsfailedher.她心烦意乱得说不出话来。④Hewouldhavesucceededifhiscouragehadntfailedhim.如果他当时没有失去勇气,他就成功了。
▲dignity
(1)n.高尚的品质;尊严;尊贵,真正的价值Onlyafreemanhashumandignity.只有真正自由的人才有人的尊严。
(2)n.庄严的举止,端正的仪态Shekeptherdignitydespitethehissing.尽管嘘声四起,她依旧泰然自若。
(3)bebeneathonesdignity有失身份。Somehusbandsstillthinkitbeneaththeirdignitytodotheshopping.有些丈夫到现在仍旧认为让他们去买东西是件有失面子的事。
(4)standononesdignity保持尊严;自命不凡Shedoesntstandonherdignityandtreattherestofusasservants.她没有摆架子把我们当仆人看待。
联系:dignityv.使……显得尊贵;给……增光dignifiedadj.高雅的,高贵的dignitaryn.显要人物,权贵
22.Foralongtime,mentaldisabilitywasconsideredshamefulandthementallydisabledreceivedlittletreat-mentorencouragement.而社会往往又不能给残疾人以尊严和尊敬。(p.55Integratingskills第二段第4行)
▲consider
(1)考虑consider+n.①Isatdownbythefiretoconsidermyposition.我坐在火堆旁考虑我的处境。②Thatswhatwehavetoconsidernow.那是我们现在所要考虑的问题。
注意:consider不接不定式作宾语但可接特殊疑问词加不定式的结构。①Youhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.你必须考虑下一步干什么。②Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere?你考虑好如何到那儿了吗?
注意:跟动名词,不跟动名词的复合结构。①Iconsideredgoingtoseehimmyself.我想亲自去看他。②跟介词或不加任何成分③Youmustconsiderwelloverthematter.在这件事上,你必须考虑周全。④Letmeconsider.让我想想。
(2)认为,以为
*跟从句Weconsiderthatyouarenottoblame.我们认为你不应受责备。
*跟名词的复合结构①Idontconsiderhimagoodfriend.我不认为他是我的好友。②WeconsiderChairmanMaoagreatman.我们认为毛主席是伟人。
*跟形容词的复合结构①Theyconsideredthemselvessuperiortoothers.他们自以为自己比别人优秀。②Icon-siderwhathesaidunimportant.我认为他说的不重要。
*跟不定式的复合结构(主要接tobe的形式,也可用其他形式)①Yousurelycantconsiderhimtobeaselfishman.你当然不认为他是个自私的人。②Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.我认为他表演得并不优雅。
联想:considerableadj.相当多的,相当大的
considerateadj.体贴的、体谅的、考虑周到的
consideration考虑;体贴、关心;要考虑的事
▲shameful
辨析:ashamed与shameful
ashamed指人(感到)惭愧的,羞耻的;
shameful指(行为等)可耻的,不道德的。例如:Heisashamedofhisshamefulconduct.他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。
联想:shamen.羞耻、羞愧;可耻的人(或物);vt.使……受羞辱,使丢脸
ashamedadj.(感到)害臊的,羞耻的
shamelessadj.无耻的,不要脸的
shamefullyadv.可耻地shamefulnessn.耻辱
拓展:putsb./sth.toshame使……蒙羞,使没面子;shamesb.into/outofdoingsth.使某人感到羞愧而做/不做某事;beashamedtodosth.因羞愧而勉强做某事;以做某事为耻辱;beashamedof对……感到羞愧;beashamedthat…对……感到羞愧
23.BypreparingforandparticipatingintheSpecialOlympics,…通过筹备和参加特奥会…(p.55Integratingskills第三段第1行)
*动词participate的用法
▲participate意为“参加”“参与”,与介词in连用相当于takepartin。如:①Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoparticipateinthediscussion.希望班上每个人都参加到讨论中来。②Herefusedtoparticipateinthesportsmeet.
他拒绝参加运动会。③Terrycantparticipateinthematchbecausehehashurthisfoot.特里不能参加比赛,因为他扭伤了脚。
▲participate可作“分享”“分担”解,而takepartin无此解。如:participateinonessuffering分担某人的痛苦participateintheprofits分享利润
24.OnethousandparticipantsfromCanadaandtheUnitedStatescompetedinthreeevents.来自加拿大和美国的一千多名参加者在三项比赛中进行了角逐。(p.55Integratingskills第三段第6–7行)
*动词compete的用法
▲compete意思是“竞争”“比赛”“争夺”,表示与谁竞争、比赛,介词用with或against;表示竞争的目的,即想要得到什么,用介词for,即competewith/againstsb.forsth.。如:①HecompetedwithamanfromCaliforniaforthepost.他与一个从加里福尼亚来的人争夺这个职位。②Fiftystudentscompetedwithoneanotherforthescholarship.五十名学生相互竞争以取得这项奖学金。③Theyounggolferoftencompetesagainstfamousplayers,butsofarhehasalwaysbeenbeaten.那个年轻高尔夫球手常与名手较量,但到目前为止还没有赢过。④Thebankshavelongcompetedwitheachother.
银行间早就开始了竞争。⑤TheAmericaneconomyanditsabilitytocompeteabroadisslowingdown.美国经济增速放缓,对外竞争力下降。⑥Thefirmistoosmalltocompetewithlargeinternationalcompanies.这家公司太小了,竞争不过国际性大公司。⑦Bothgirlsarealwayscompetingfortheirfathersattention.两个姑娘总是竞相争取父亲的注意。
25.InterestintheSpecialOlympicshasspreadacrosstheworldandcitiesarenowcompetingforthehonourtohosttheevent.如今一些城市都在争取特奥会的举办权,并以此为荣。(p.55Reading最后一段倒数第5–3行)▲honour
(1)n.荣誉、光荣;(高尚)人格;尊敬(多作不可数名词)①Theyfightforthehonourofthecountry.他们为国家荣誉而战。②Heisamanofhonour.他是一个人格高尚的人。③Wemustshowhonourtoourparents.我们应尊敬父母。
注意:也可用作可数名词,使人感到荣幸的人或事(多用单数);代表荣誉的东西(奖品、奖章等)(多用复数)。①Itsanhonourtomeetyou.很荣幸见到你。②Hegraduatedwithhonours.他以优异的成绩毕业。
(2)vt.尊敬,使……感到荣幸①Chaplinwashonouredforhiscontributiontothefilmindustry.卓别林因其对电影业的贡献而受到尊敬。②Thepresidenthonouredhimwithhispresence.总统的到场使他感到无比荣幸。③Willyouhonourmewithavisit?可否请你光临?
短语:inhonourof为了纪念;withhonours以优异成绩;havethehonourof有幸……,荣幸地……;showhonourtosb.尊敬某人
26.Chineseathletes,theirfriends,parentsandtheaudiencewillbeproudtowelcomeSpecialOlympianstoChina.中国运动员和他们的朋友,父母以及运动会的观众都将以骄傲的姿态欢迎特奥会在中国的召开。(p.55Reading最后一段倒数第2–1行)▲welcome
(1)vt.welcome/greetsb.ononesarrival用作及物动词,意为“欢迎(人),高兴迎接”。如:①TheQueenwelcomedthePresidentashegotofftheplane.总统走下飞机时,女王上前迎接。②Theheroeswerewarmlywelcomedbythemasses.英雄们受到了群众的热烈欢迎。③Ishallwelcomethecomingofwarmweather.我将欢迎温暖天气的来临。
(2)welcome也可用作形容词,意为“受欢迎的,被愉快接受的”。如:①Youarealwayswelcomeatourhouse.欢迎你随时来我们家。②Hedidn’tmakehisguestsverywelcome.他待客冷淡。③Allsuggestionswillbewelcome.欢迎一切建议。
(3)welcome也可用作名词,意为“欢迎、款待”,为可数名词。如:①Theygaveusawarmwelcome.他们热烈欢迎我们。②Thepresidentofthecollegeextendedawarmwelcometothevisitingprofessor.院长向来访的教授表示热烈的欢迎。③Youarewelcome.(回答对方道谢时的客套话,主要用于美国英语),意为“不用谢,别客气”。如:--ItsjustwhatIwanted.Thankyouverymuch.
这正是我要的东西,非常感谢。--Yourewelcome.不用谢。
注意:welcome是规则动词,其过去式与过去分词是welcomed,welcomed,而不welcome,welcome;“欢迎某人做某事”不能说welcomesb.todosth.而说sb.bewelcometodosth.如:(×)WewelcomeforeignfriendstovisitChina.(√)ForeignfriendsarewelcometovisitChins.我们欢迎外国朋友来中国参观。

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