作为老师的任务写教案课件是少不了的，是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。只有规划好了教案课件新的工作计划，新的工作才会如鱼得水！你们清楚有哪些教案课件范文呢？以下是小编为大家收集的“Astronomy教案”供大家借鉴和使用，希望大家分享！

Unit4
Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
教材分析和教材重组
教材分析
本单元的主要内容是边缘科学、地球生命的起源，万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识。通过本单元的学习，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探究科学的热情。
1.WarmingUp部分共有三组问题，第一组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学(FrontierScience)，即以两种或多种学科为基础而发展起来的科学。例如，生物化学是以生物学和化学为基础的边缘科学。第二组问题探讨科学研究的方法。第三组问题让学生思考要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。
2.Pre-reading部分主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。学生总喜欢听故事或讲故事，在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，让学生交流一下有关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。
3.Reading部分讲述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有别与其他星球，它使得地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人深省：Theearthmaybecometoohotforthelivesonit.它关系到地球上生命的未来。
4.Comprehending部分通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解：地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件?随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力。
5.LearningaboutLanguage部分首先通过英文解释帮助理解课文中的生词，然后，通过短文填空、词语分类等形式将这些词语用于一个相关的情境中。语法部分也是采用先发现后应用的学习方法。先通过到课文中找句子，让学生认识主语从句，然后，设置一个用手机发短信息的情境，让学生进行简单句与主语从句之间的转换练习。最后设置情境来复习第三单元出现的表语从句。
6.UsingLanguage部分综合训练听说读写的能力。听力部分的内容介绍三位科学巨匠，不仅通过听力填表的形式训练学生捕捉细节的能力，还通过四选一的形式帮助学生找主题思想。在解释对与错的过程中，教师可以适当地介绍一下概括主题的方法。阅读部分是一个科幻小故事，通过“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飞船登月球的经历，介绍了重量、失重和地球引力等科学道理。说和写部分以Visitingthemoon为话题，要求学生讨论登月球需要携带的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困难，并要求学生找出克服这些困难的方法。教师可以根据课本上的提示，向学生介绍“先分述后总结”的写作方法。提出问题的解决方案时，要求学生选用适当的“指示”用语。
教材重组
1.将WarmingUp，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。
2.将LearningaboutLanguage和Workbook的usingwordsandexpressions及usingstructures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。
3.将UsingLanguage设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课（一）”。
4.将Workbook的READINGANDLISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说课”。
5.将Workbook的LISTENINGTASK，READINGANDWRITINGTASK和SPEAKINGTASK设计为一节“综合技能课（二）”。
课时分配1stPeriodReading
2ndPeriodLanguagestudy
3rdPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅰ)
4thPeriodListeningandSpeaking
5thPeriodIntegratingskills(Ⅱ)

Part1:TeachingDesign
(第一部分：教学设计)
Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading
(HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH)
Aims
Todevelopthestudents’readingability
Tolearnsomethingaboutastronomy
Procedures
I.Warmingupbylearningvocabulary
Goodmorning,class!Today,waregoingtotakeUnit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars.Beforewereadthetext,let’sturntopage99andgetfamiliarizedwiththevocabularyfirst.Payattentiontothemakingoftheword.Studytheprefixes,rootsandsuffixesinthewords.
AstronautYangLiwei
II.Pre-reading
1.Lookingandsaying
Haveyoueverwonderedhowtheuniversebegan?WellImsureyoumayhavemanyanswerstothisquestion,butIhaveonethatperhaps,youmaynothaveheardofyet.Iwillbegivingyoumytheoryonthissubject.Nowlookatthescreenandlistentometellingyousomethingexciting.
科学家透露：宇宙可能有两个
我们的宇宙和一个"隐藏的"宇宙共同"镶嵌"在"五维空间"中。在我们的宇宙早期，这两个宇宙发生了一次相撞事故，相撞产生的能量生成了我们宇宙中的物质和能量。
2.Talkingandsharing
Doyouknowhowtheuniversebegan?
Inthe1920sinCalifornia,astronomerEdwinHubbleobserveddistantgalaxiesusinganextremelypowerfultelescope.Hemadetwomind-boggling(unbelievable)discoveries.
First,HubblefiguredoutthattheMilkyWayisn’ttheonlygalaxy.Herealizedthatfaint,cloud-likeobjectsinthenightskyareactuallyothergalaxiesfar,faraway.TheMilkyWayisjustoneofbillionsofgalaxies.
Second,Hubblediscoveredthatthegalaxiesareconstantlymovingawayfromeachother.Inotherwords,theuniverseisexpanding.Thebiggestthingthatweknowaboutisgettingbiggerallthetime.
Afewyearslater,BelgianastronomerGeorgesLematreusedHubble‘samazingdiscoveriestosuggestananswertoabigastronomyquestion:“Howdidtheuniversebegin?”
III.Reading
1.Listeningandreadingaloud
Nowpleaselistentotherecordingandthenreadthetextaloud.Payattentiontohowthenativespeakerisreadingalongandwherethepausesarewithineachsentence.Iwillplaythetapetwiceandyoushallreadaloudtwice,too.
2.Readingandunderlining
Nextyouaretoreadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemintoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
CollocationsfromHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
acloudofenergeticdust具有能量的尘埃,combineinto…合成……,movearoundthesun环绕太阳运转,becomeviolent变得激烈,thesolidsurface固体表面,explodeloudly猛烈爆炸,intime及时，最终,producethewatervapor产生水蒸汽,maketheearth’satmosphere构成了地球的大气层,cooldown冷却,onthesurface在表面,bedifferentfrom…与……不同,goroundthesun环绕太阳运转,disappearfrom…从……消失,stayon…存留在……,showone’squality显现某人的特性,dissolveharmfulgases分解，溶解有害气体,becomepartof…变成……的一部分,developlife发展生命,growinthewater在水里生长,fill…with…用……来填充……，充满了……,encouragethedevelopmentof…鼓励……的发展,millionsofyearslater几万年以后,liveonland在陆地上生活,liveinthesea在海里生存,growintoforests长成森林,produceyoung生出幼仔,layeggs下蛋,animalswithhandsandfeet长着手脚的动物,spreadallovertheearth遍布全世界,developnewmethods发展了新的方法,growfood种植,movearound迁徙,goby过去，推移,takecareof…在意……，照看好……,put…into…把……带入，放入……,prevent…from…防止……做……,escapefrom…into…从……逃离到……,becomehot变热,dependon….依靠，依赖，取决与……,solveaproblem解决一个问题
3.Readingandunderstandingdifficultsentences
Skimthetextandidentifythedifficultsentencesofeachparagraph.Youmayputyourhandupifyouhaveanyquestions.
4.Readingandtransferringinformation
Readthetextagaintocompletethetablebelow,
HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
Whatwastheearthlikeafterthe“BigBang”?
Whywastheearthdifferent?
Howwaslifedevelopedonearth?
Whatdidsmallcleveranimalsdo?
5.Readingandtranslating
Asyouhavereadthetexttimes,youcansurelyputitintoChinese.WangHongqin,willyoubethefirsttohaveatry,ofputtingthefirstparagraphintoChinese.
IV.Closingdown
Closingdownbydoingexercises
Toendthelessonyouaretodothecomprehendingexercises2and3onpages26and27.
Closingdownbyhavingadiscussion—HowDidtheUniverseBegin?
Thereareonlythreepossibleanswerstothisquestion.
1．Itwascreatedbysomethinglargerthanitselfsincethefirstlawofthermodynamics(热力学)saysthatenergycannotbecreated,onlychanged.
Theuniversehadtobecreatedbysomethingoutsideitself,becauseofthesamelaw.Wealsoknowthatmancouldnothavecreatedit.
2．Itwasbegunbychance(oraccident);or
3．Theanswerisnotsure.
Shownthisway,thequestionis:
AdditionalMaterials
Completethesummaryofthestorywithonewordineachblank.
HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH
Afterthe“BigBang”camea1ofenergeticdust,theearth.Dustcombinedintoaball,moving2thesun.Theearthbecameviolent.Thenit3loudly.Intime,thewatervaporwasproduced,makingtheearth’satmosphere4down.Waterthenappearedonthe5.Theearthwastobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthe6.Waterdisappearedfromotherplanets.Butitstayedon7.
Smallplantsbegandeveloping8thewater.
Yearslatergreenplantscameinto9.Theairthenwas10withoxygen.
Millionsofyearslater,small11animalswerefoundtobelivingonthe12,inthesea.Theyspreadallovertheearth,moving13theearth,puttingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmospherewhich14heatfromescapingfromearthintospace.
Intheendtheearthmaybecometoohottolive15.
（Keys:1.cloud2.around3.exploded4.cool5.surface6.sun7.earth8.in9.being10.filled11.clever12.land13.around14.prevents15.upon）
Comprehensionquestions
1.Whatformstheearth’satmosphere?
A.Carbondioxide,oxygen.B.Carbondioxide,oxygen,poisonousgas.
C.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogen.
D.Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.
2.Canyoutellwhatisthe“specialqualities”oftheearthaccordingtothepassage?
A.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.B.Theearthwassolidshapewhichwaslast.
C.Thereareanimalsandhumanbeingsliveonit.D.Waterremainsonthesurfaceoftheearth.
3.Whatkindoffactorimprovetheprogressoflife?
A.Waterformsontheearth’ssurface.B.Greenplantsbegantoappearonland.
C.Theairisfullofcarbondioxide.D.Animalsbegantoappearsuchasinsects,amphibians,est.
4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Ittellsushowdoeslifebegintoappearontheearth.
B.Ittellsuswhydoesgreenplantsgrowbeforeanimals.
C.Ittellsuswaterplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoflife.
D.D.Ittellsuscarbondioxideisthereasonwhylivingbeingswilldieinthefuture,
5.Theauthorinfersusthatifwewanttothelifecontinueontheearth,whatshouldwedo?
A.Weshouldproducemorecarbondioxidetocauseglobalwarming.
B.Weshouldsolvetheproblemofglobalwarmingassoonaspossible.
C.Weshouldbearlesspeopleandthinkaboutanewwaytogrowmorecrops.
D.Weshouldbeworthyofwater.
(Key:DDBAB)
Notestosomedifficultsentences
1.Afterthe“BigBang”theearthwasjustacloudofenergeticdust.随着“轰隆”一声巨响，地球就成为一个云团，充满着具有能量的尘埃。
BigBang(big-bangcosmology)大爆炸宇宙学。
2.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后。
I’llseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。
intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及时；不迟。
Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。
in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节怕。
Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。
（sth）beto(do):(something)willdefinitelyhappen,oritmusthappen不可避免要发生或必须发生。
Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。
Sheistobehonoredforthisgreatwork.她（一定）会因这部著作而获得荣誉。
Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10o’clockatthelatest.”克拉克先生对他的女儿说：“你必须在10点之前到家。”
3.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun.谁也不知道地球会别于环绕太阳运转的其它行星。
（sb/sth）bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways与……不同。
Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
注意：（1）强调different时用very,much,quite,entirely,totally等词。（2）有时，美语口语中用than，英语口语中用to来代替from。
goingroundthesun为现在分词短语，作定语，表示一般的动作。例如：
Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.
Menwhobreakthelawwillbepunished.违法的人要受到处罚。
现在分词短语作定语，也可以表示进行的动作。例如：
Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?
Canyouseethegirlwhoisdancingwithherboyfriend?你能看见与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？
4.Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearth’satmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。
allow…todo允许某人做某事。如：
Herparentswon’tallowhertostayoutlaterthan11:00intheevening.她父母不允许她晚上在外逗留超过11点。
PleaseallowmetoexplainthatIdidnothaveanyideaabouthisarrangement.请允许我解释，我事先不知道他的安排。
但要注意：“准许做某事”应当是allowdoing不是allowtodo。如：
Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.他们不应该允许在这条街上停车，街道太窄了。
Walkingonthegrassisnotallowed.不许踩踏草坪。
5.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
encourage鼓励；促进；怂恿
Fatherencouragedhimtostudyphysicsbutheprefersmaths.父亲鼓励他学物理，但他更喜欢数学。
Heencouragedmetolearndancing.他鼓励我去学跳舞。
名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示：
1)行为，例如：argument,betterment,development,treatment.
2)结果，例如：arrangement,statement,settlement.
3)工具，例如：instrument,pavement.
6.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。
bydoing用于说明做某事的手段，方式。如：
Idon’tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。
Heusedtomakehislivingbypainting.他以前是靠画画为生。
7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
prevent…fromdoing阻止某人做某事。如：
Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。
Nothingcanpreventtheirplans(from)beingcarriedout.什么也不能阻止他们的计划得以实施。
8.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
(sth)dependon(sthelse):somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit取决于；决定于。如：
“Willyougofishingthisafternoon?”“Well,italldependsontheweather.”“你今天下午去钓鱼吗？”“得看天气。”
formillionsofyearstocome中不定式tocome作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，例如：
Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.她是最不像做这种事的人。

主语从句
一、由what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。
Whattheyareafterismoney.他们追求的是金钱。
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。
二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语，that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。
Thatmoneydoesntgrowontreesshouldbeobvious.
金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。
Itisobvious（that）moneydoesntgrowontrees.显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。
Hasitbeenannouncedwhentheplanesaretotakeoff？飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？
注意：
1）选用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what（以及whatever，whoever等）引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。
Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。（what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。）
ThatChinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.（=It’swellknownthat…）众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。（that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。）
2）it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为：“Itis（或was）+强调部分+that（或who）…”强调句去掉Itis（或was）…that（或who）…框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。
ItwasIthat(who)metMaryinthestreetyesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语)
3）常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构：
*Itis+形容词（necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等）+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。
It’snecessarythathewritesomethinginEnglish.他用英语写点东西是必要的。
It’sstrangethatshedidnotgotoschoolyesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。
*Itis+名词（afact，apity，nowonder，goodnews，等）+that从句
Itsapitythatsheshouldhavesaidso.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。
*Itis+过去分词（said，reported，decided，unknown等）+that从句
ItssaidthatourEnglishteacherwillgoabroadnextweek.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。
*It+不及物动词（seems，appears，happens，matters等）+that从句
Itseemsthatsheisingreatneedofhelp.看来她急帮忙。
4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念（常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式：
Whatweneediswater.我们需要的是水。
Whatweneedareusefulbooks.我们需要的是有用的书。
三、由连接代词或连接副词（或if,whether）引导的主语从句。
Whentheywillcomehasntbeenmadepublic.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。
WhetherI’llattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether(if)I’llattendthemeeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。

1._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
2.______shecouldntunderstandwas____fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What；whyB.That；whatC.What；becauseD.Why；that
3._____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
4.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo____Icantosavethem
A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever
5.Itisprettywellunderstood_____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
6.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what
7._______teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.
A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhichC.WhateverD.Whichever
8.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
9.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,______ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace.
A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how
10.______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires

1．____studieshardwillpasstheexam.
A.WhoeverB.AnystudentC.WhoD.Thosewho
2.____theworkersinsistedonwasthatthey____morepay.
A.That;mustbegivenB.What;begivenC.Whether;wouldbegivenD.What;shouldgive
3.____hewillbesenttoHainaniscertain.
A.WhyB.WhetherC.ThatD.How
4---Youlooksoworried,whathashappened?
----Itworriesme____I’vehurthim.
A.ifB.whichC.whatD.whether
5.____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
6.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
7.____breaksthelawshouldbepunished.
A.AnyoneB.WhoeverC.HeD..Whatever
8.____Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.WhetherC.EvenifD.When
9.____saidthatwaswrong.
A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnybodyD.Everybody
10._____isunknowntousall.
A.WheredidhegetitB.Wherehegotit
C.ThatwherehegotD.Whichhegotit
11.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever
12.Itworriedherabit____hershoeswerewornout.
A．whileB.thatC.ifD.for
13．Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother，doesitmatter____itwas？
A.WhereB.whatC.howD.which
14．____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
15．Ifound____strangethatshedidntshowanyinterestinit.
A.thatB.whatC.itD.which

1.澳大利亚出产羊毛。
2.父亲把零钱放进钱包。
3.他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势蔓延。
4.你不能永远依赖你的双亲。
5.我们初次见面到如今已有好多年了。


1.B因谓语动词dependson，说明gocamping这件事尚未确定。主语从句在句首时，不用if，故用whether。
2.A本句兼考查主语从句与表语从句。
3.C此题中有两个不是并列的动词谓语，而Anyone和Theperson不是连接代词，也不是关系代词，所以先排除A和B；又whoever=thepersonwho,故选C.
4.A本句考查“dowhatonecan（do）”这一句型。用whatever代what语气更强。
5.Cwhat引导主语从句，在从句中做主语，it是形式主语；that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。
6.A主语从句wecan’tget后缺宾语，故需用what；而than后分句也缺宾语，仍需用what。
7.D根据句子结构可知本题考查名词性从句用法，故A、B项排除；whatever与whichever的不同之处在于前者没有范围而后者有范围，而本句中所表达的是在本周六参加比赛的获胜队，是有范围的，故D项正确。
8Awhat引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语。表语从句部分是说明该商店与众不同的具体内容，并未指人，因此排除B、D两项；whatever：anythingthat…意为“……的任何事物”，不合句意，故排除。
9.B根据题干中的…todois…可知主语从句中缺少主语，而选项中能作主语从句主语的只有what。
10.C此句中it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句，而且that从句内容与require构成被动关系，故C项正确。

1.A2B.3C4D5A6D7B8B9B10B11D12B13D14D15C

1.Australiaproduceswool.
2.Thefatherputthesmallchangeintothewallet.
3.Theirpromptactionspreventedthefirefromspreading.
4.Youcan’tdependonyourparentsforever.
5.Manyyearshavegonebysincewefirstmet.

延伸阅读

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案

作为杰出的教学工作者，能够保证教课的顺利开展，高中教师要准备好教案，这是每个高中教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。优秀有创意的高中教案要怎样写呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案”，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

单元要览

类别

课程标准要求掌握的项目

话题

Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity

词汇]

astronomy

n.天文学

exist

vi.存在;生存

system

n.系统;体系;制度

thus

adv.因此;于是

religion

n.宗教;宗教信仰

dioxide

n.二氧化物

theory

n.学说;理论

biology

n.生物学

atom

n.原子

biologist

n.生物学家

billion

pron.（美）十亿

puzzle

n.迷;难题vt.（使）为难

globe

n.球体;地球仪;地球

gravity

n.万有引力;重力

violent

adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

float

vt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物

carbon

n.碳

gentle

adj.温和的;文雅的

atmosphere

n.大气层;气氛

physicist

n.物理学家

unlike

prep.不同;不像

climate

n.气候

fundamental

adj.基本的;基础的

crash

vt.坠落

harmful

adj.有害的

spaceship

n.宇宙飞船

acid

n.酸

pull

n.拖;牵引力

chain

n.链子;连锁;锁链

satellite

n.卫星;人造卫星

multiply

vt.增加

mass

n.质量;团;块;大量

oxygen

n.氧

exhaust

vt.用尽;耗尽

短语

solarsystem太阳系

blockout挡住（光线）

intime及时;终于

cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋

layeggs下蛋

nowthat既然

givebirthto产生;分娩

breakout突发;爆发

inone’sturn轮到某人;接着

watchout密切注视;当心;提防

carbondioxide二氧化碳

prevent...from阻止;制止

重要句型

1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8bill!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--ionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)

2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)

3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)

4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]

5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)

功能

Instructions:

Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...

Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...

You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...

语法

Nounclausesasthesubject

Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain...

...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.

教学重点

1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.

2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.

3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.

4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.

5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.

教学难点

1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.

2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.

3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.

课时安排

Periodsneeded:7

Period1Warmingupandreading

Period2Learningaboutlanguage:Importantlanguagepoints

Period3Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

Period4Usinglanguage:Listeningandspeaking

Period5Usinglanguage:Extensivereading

Period6Usinglanguage:Speakingandwriting

Period7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整体设计教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教学重点1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教学难点1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三维目标知识目标1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目标1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目标1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

教学过程设计方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

Paragraph1

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Thepassage

Letstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.设计方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板书设计

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH

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Paragraph5

Thepassage

活动与探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife.

高二英语Astronomy教案

一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐，帮助授课经验少的教师教学。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢？下面是小编精心为您整理的“高二英语Astronomy教案”，相信能对大家有所帮助。

高二英语Astronomy教案
Unit4Astronomy:TheScienceOfTheStars
Teachingaims:
1.Enablestudentstoimprovetheirlisteningskillsandreadingability.

2.Enablestudentstounderstandthedevelopmentofgravityandhowgravityaffectsusindifferenttimesandplaces.

3.Arousestudents’interesttosearchforthemysteryofspace.
Emphasis:
1.Wordsandexpressions:gravity,float,cheerup,nowthat,breakout,etc

2.Astronomicknowledgelikegravityandblackhole.
Difficulties:
1.Helpthestudentstounderstandthedevelopmentofgravity.

2.Helpthestudentstoknowhowgravityinfluencesus.
Teachingmethods:skimming,scanning,discussing.
Teachingaids:ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.

Teachingprocedures:
Thefirstperiodreading
StepIPresentation
T:Hello,everyone!Todaywe’llcometoUnit4Astronomy.BeforethatIhaveaquestion:Wheredowecomefrom?Orwecansay:Whoareourancestors?
S1:Monkeys!
S2:BeijingRenwholivedmanyyearsago.
S3:Reptiles.
S4:Mammals.
S5:Amphibians.
S6:Dinosaurs.
T:Verygood!Canyouputtheminrightorder?
S7:Amphibians,Reptiles,Dinosaurs,Mammals,BeijingRen.
T:Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedonearth?
S8:Itwasfullofwater,perhaps.
T:Beforethat,whatwasitlike?
S9:Sorry,Idon’tknow.
T:Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?Todaywe’lllearnsomethingaboutHowLifeBeganontheEarth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingupfirst.
StepIIWarmingup
1.Readthethreequestions,whilethestudentslistenandfollow.
2.GivetheSsseveralminutestodiscussthequestions.
3.Collectanswersfromthewholeclass.
4.Checktheanswerswhilediscussing.
T:I’llreadthethreequestionsforyou.Youshouldlistentomecarefully.(Ifstudentsdon’tknowhowtodiscuss,showthemanexample.)Forexample,medicine.Whensomeonegetsseriousillness,hewillgotothehospital.Thedoctorwillexaminehim.Hewilltakehistemperature,measurehisbloodpressureandgivehimanX-ray,oraCT.Forthewholeprocessoftheexamination,whatkindofsciencehasbeenused?
S1:Biology.
S2:Chemistry.
T:Sowecansaymedicinecombinesbiologyandchemistry.Whataboutbiochemistryandgeophysics?
S3:Ithinkbiochemistrycombinesbiologyandchemistry.
S4:Geophysicscombinesgeologyandphysics.
T:Whataboutastronomy?
S5:Physics.
S6:Mathematics.
T:Verygood.Weshouldknowthatastronomyisamultidisciplinarysubjectandifwewanttodosomeresearchonit,weshouldknowmanysciencesubjectsrelatedtoit.Nowdiscussthesecondquestion:
Whatdowemeanwhenwesaywearestudyingasubjectscientifically?Orwhat’sthecorrectattitudetowardsscience?
S7:Weshouldbeobjective,notsuperstitious.
T:What’sthecorrectwaytoproveascientificidea?
S8:Weshoulddesignexperimentstotestitforseveraltimes.
S9:Thenwecananalyzetheresultsanddrawaconclusionatlast.
T:Let’ssumuptheanswers.Tostudyasubjectscientifically,wemusttrytobeobjective.Inordertotestouridea,weshoulddesignexperiments,thenanalyzetheresultsanddrawaconclusion.Nowlet’stalkaboutthethirdquestion.
Whatarethemostimportantskillsweneedtoberealscientists?
S10:Weshouldbeverycareful.
S11:Beobjectiveandlogical.
S12:Weshouldbewiseenoughtodesignanexperimentandwritethereportsclearly.
S13:Weshouldbeabletodrawconclusionsfromtheexperimentsandnotimposeconclusionsonthedata.
T:Ithinkyouhavedonegreatwork.Fromthediscussionweknowthatit’snoteasytobeascientist.Soyoushouldworkharderifyouwanttobeascientist.
StepⅢPre-reading
GettheSstodiscussthequestionsonPage25withtheirpartners.ThenasktheSstotelltheirstories.EncouragetheSstotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome.
T:Nowpleaselookattheslideshow.Anddiscussthesequestionswithyourpartners.ThenI’llasksomestudentstotellustheirstories.Areyouclear?
Ss:Yes,Sir/Madam.
1.Doyouknoweachreligionorculturehasitsownideasaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse?Pleasegiveanexampleifyouknow.
2.Doyouknowwhatascientificideais?
AftertheSs’discussion,teachersaysthefollowing.
T:Nowwho’dliketotellusastory?Volunteer!
S1:Letmetry.InChina,weallknowthatPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.
T:Canyoudescribethestoryindetails?
S1:Sorry,Ican’trememberclearly.
T:Whocan?Nobody?NowI’lltellyou.Lookatthescreen.
StepⅣReading
Scanning
GettheSstoreadthepassagequicklyandaccuratelyandmeanwhilehelptheSstoformagoodhabitofreading.TeachergivestheSsacoupleofminutestolookthroughthewholepassage.TelltheSstoreadthetextsilentlyandthenasksomedetailedquestionsaboutthetextontheslideshowwiththeirpartners.TeachershouldencouragetheSstoexpresstheirideas.
T:We’regoingtolearnapassageabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Nowlet’slookattheslideshow.Readthetextquicklyandfindanswerstothefollowingquestions.
Showthequestionsonthescreen.
1.Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifecouldbegin?
2.Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?
3.Whydidanimalsfirstappearintheseas?
4.Whydidgreenplantshelplifetodevelop?
5.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?
T:Nowwhocananswerthefirstone?
S1:Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.
T:Whataboutthesecondone?
S2:Becausethereisnowateronthemoon.
T:Whataboutthethirdone?
S3:Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.
T:Thefourthone?
S4:Becausegreenplantscantakecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereandfilltheairwithoxygen.
T:Whataboutthelastone?
S5:Theyweredifferentbecausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.
T:Welldone!NowturntoPage26Comprehending1,Ithinkyoumaycontinuetoreaditagaintogetmoredetails.
Skimming
Inthispart,SswillreadthetextagainandthenfinishPart1,2and3.
T:NowpleaseskimthepassagefasttofinishPart1.Thenwewillchecktheanswer.
KeytoPart1:BCBB
T:SkimParagraph2,3and4,andfinishPart2and3.
Key:DBIGEHACFJ
T:ForPart3,discussthemwithyourpartner.
T:Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?
S:Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.
T:Doyouagreewithhim?
S:Yes.
T:Whatabouttheanswertothesecondquestion?
S:Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreaturesontheearthsofar.
T:Excellentjob!I’llcheckhowmuchyouhavelearnedaboutthepassage.
StepVListening
Listentothetapeforthestudentstofollowandhavefurtherunderstandingofthepassage.
T:Readafterthetape,thenanswermesomequestionswithyourbookclosed.
Playthetape
T:Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?
Ifonestudentcan’tanswercompletely,asktwoorthreeormorestudents.
Ss:Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.
T:Whyiswaterimportantontheearth?
Ss:Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintotheoceansandseas.
T:No.3,finishthefollowingform.

Keytotheexercise:
2.shellfishandallsortsoffish5.amphibian(onlandandinwater)
7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland)
T:That’sallforthispassage.Nowlet’sdealwithsomelanguagepoints.
Explanation
T:TurntoPage25.Let’slookatthesentences:
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour.
whichleadsnon-restrictiveattributiveclause.
intime:soonerorlater;eventually
I’llseehimintime.
intime(forsth./todosth.):notlate
Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.
in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime
Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.
2.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingaroundthesun.
bedifferentfrom:notlikesomeoneorsomethingelseinoneormoreways
Note:Wecanusevery,much,quite,entirely,totallytomodifydifferent
Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
goingaroundthesunis-ingformthatservesasattributive.
Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.
Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?
3.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
tocome:servesasattributive
Sheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.
dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforit
Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
4.Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.
nowthat:becauseofthefactthat
NowthatI’mfree,Icanenjoymusicforawhile.
Nowthatyou’vegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
PassageAnalyzing
Chartofthetext
Howlifebeganontheearth

TextRetelling

Retellthetextusingabout100words.
StepⅥHomework
Retellthepassageaccordingtotheform.
Rememberimportantlanguagepoints.

ThesecondperiodExtensivereading
Step1
Showsomepicturesoftheastronautsinthespace
Step2
Readthepassageandfillintheform
Step3Languagepoints
1.LastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.
Enough:pronadjadv
Theboyisoldenoughtodotoschool.
Hecouldn’trunquicklyenoughtocatchupwiththecat.
2.Thenwewereoff.
beoff=setoff
Iamofftoday.
Weareofftoday.
3getcloseto
靠近，接近，指动态变化
becloseto
距......近，指状态
Theschoolisclosetothepostoffice
4.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
1).“A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+
B”.
Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.
Hisfatheristwiceasoldashe.
2).“A+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+
B”
TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelongerthanthePearlRiver.
Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanthatintheirs.
3).“A+be+倍数+the+名词(size,length,amount)+of+B”
Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.
6.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.
breakout
1)战争爆发
2)发生争吵
3)(火灾)发生
7.cheerup;cheersb.up
感到高兴振奋
8.massesof许多，大量
9.getthehangof熟悉,掌握,理解
10.exhausting(sth);exhausted(sb)
Step4Homework
Collectpassagesaboutgravity.
Prepareforspeaking.

ThethirdperiodLanguageStudy
Step1Revision
Translatethefollowingsentences
1.你迟早会成功的。
You’llsucceedintime.
2.我的车与你的不一样。
Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3.站在门旁边的那个人是谁？
Whoisthepersonstandingbythedoor?
4.他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
5.既然你已经长大了，你自己决定吧。
Nowthatyouhavegrownupyoucandecideityourself.
Step2
Checktheexercisesinthispart.
Step3Grammar
Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.
Wecanseefromthesesentencesthatasentenceservesassubject,sowecallitSubjectClause
1.NounClausesastheSubject
Totellwhatitisandtheimportancewithsomeexamples
Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.
Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.
Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.
Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.
2it作形式主语
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
1)Itis+adj./n.+从句
　Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……
　Itispossiblethat...很可能……
　Itisunlikelythat...不可能……
2)It+不及物动词+从句
　Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……
　Ithappenedthat...碰巧……
3)It+be+过去分词+从句
Itissaidthat...据说……
Itisknowntoallthat...
众所周知……
Itisreportedthat...据报道……
Itisbelievedthat...
据信……;人们相信……
Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……
1.Askthestudentstodosomeexercises
Step4Homework
FinishtheexercisesaboutNounClausesastheSubject

TheFourthperiodListening
Step1Pre-listening
IntroduceIsaacNewtonandAlbertEinstein
Step2Listening
1.Listentothetapeandfilltheform
2.Handoutthelisteningmaterialsandlistentothetapeagain,thenfillthebracketwiththerightanswers.Atlastasksomestudentstoreadthepassage
Step3ListeningonP62
1.Discussthefollowingquestions
1)_.Who’sYangLiwei?
He’sourherowhotraveledintospaceonOctober15,2003.
2).What’sthenameofthespaceship?
ShenzhouV.
3).Doyouknowwhateducationandexperienceyouneedtobecomeanastronaut?
No.
2.Listentothetapeandanswersometrueorfalsequestions
3.Givethestudentslisteningmaterialandaskthemtocompletethepassagewhilelistening
Step4Homework
Afterclass,youshouldlistentothemagainandsumupwhatyouhavelearntfromthem.Forthehomework,thinkaboutonequestion:Whatneedstobeanastronaut?

TheFifthPeriodSpeakingandWriting
Step1Speaking
1.Spacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?
Oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood,specialropes.
2.Haveaninterviewwiththefollowingtwoheroes.
1).Howdoyoufeelwhenyouhavejustcomebackfromouterspace?
2)Whatisthemostexcitingexperiencewhenyouareinouterspace?
3)Whataboutthemostterriblething?
4)Whatdifficultieshaveyougonethrough?
3Speakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.
Step2TalkingonPage62
1.Showtheusefulexpressions:
Pleaselookat/listento...
Pleasecheckthat...
Youneed...
Pleasepayattentionto...
Don’tforgetto...
You’dbetter...
Makesureyou...
Watchoutfor...
Youmustn’t...
2.GivetheSampledialogue
Step3Discussion
1.Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?
Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.
2.Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?
Writedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.
Step4WritingTask
1.Haveyoueverremembered16thOct,2003?Whathappenedonthatday?
2.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?
3.Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.
1).Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?
2).Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?
3).Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?
4.showaSamplearticletothestudents
Step4.Homework

Sumupthewholeunit.
Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife.

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分词语
辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave
4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as
词形
变化1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本
3.developmentn.生长，发
展；新情况developvt.发展；产生
vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的
4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.谎话；说谎
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的
6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地
7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的
重点
单词1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法
2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)
3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的
4.existvi.存在；生存
5.puzzlev.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题
6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
7.cheervt.vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼
重点
词组1.tobeginwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
2.intime及时；最终；迟早
3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着
4.prevent...from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
5.blockout挡住（光线）
6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发
8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防
重点句子1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.
2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.
3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
重点语法宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1.loudly/loud/aloud

loudlyadv响亮地，高声地
loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用
aloudadv相对默读而言；出声
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Willyoupleasespeak______?
2).ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.
3).Thebombexploded______.
4).Ishervoice______enough?
5).Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩).
Keys:1).louder2).aloud3).loudly4).loud5).louder
2.unlike/dislike

unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同
dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.
2).Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.
3).Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like).
4).Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.
Keys:1).dislikes2).unlike3).disliked4).unlike
3.remain/leave

remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下
常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是
remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做
leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等
常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物
leavesth(forsb)留下，交待下(某物)leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人
remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.
2).Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.
3).Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.
4).Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.
5).Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.
6).Don’tleaveher______(wait)outsideintherain.
7).Sheremained_______(change)afteralltheseyears.
8).Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do).
Keys:1).left2).remained3).remaining4).left
5).left6).waiting7).unchanged8).tobedone
4.climate/weather

climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；
weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1).Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.
2).Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.
3).Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.
4).The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.
Keys:1).weather2).climate3).climate4).climate;weather
5.nowthat/since/because/as

都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。
1)._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.
2)Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.
3).Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.
4)._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.
Keys:1).since/nowthat2).because3).for4).Now(that)

Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地
2.fundamentaladj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则)fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本
3.developmentn.生长，发
展；新情况developvt.发展；产生
vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的
4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋)lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于
lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.vi.谎话；说谎
lie---lied---lied---lying
5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的
6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地
7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的
用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1).Thenaughtyboy_______(lie)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie)therejustnowhad______(lay)twoeggsthedaybefore.
2).Inmyopinion,________(prevent)ismoreimportantthantreatment.
3).SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent)andsex.
4).Withthe________(develop)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.
5).Chinaisa________(develop)countrybelongtothethirdworld.
6).Thereare________(fundament)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.
7).Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics).
Keys:1).lied;lay;laid2).prevention3).violence4).development
5).developing6).fundamental7).physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的
[典例]
1).Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。
2).Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).The____________(教育系统)operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.
2).Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统).
Keys:1).educationalsystem2).railwaysystem

2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying)把放下；摆设；铺(地毯)；产(蛋)
[典例]
1).Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。
2).Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?
[重点用法]lay短语：
layeggs下蛋laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）
laysth.down把某物放下laytheblameonsb.责备某人
laythetable摆桌子layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.
2).Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调)individualresponsibility.
3).He______somemoney______forrainydays.
Keys:1).lays2).laysgreatstresson3).lays/puts;aside

3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.vt.伤害（某人）
[典例]
Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。
[重点用法]
beharmfultosb./sth.对……有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.对……有害；伤害……
[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1).Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.
2).Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.
3).在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).harmful2).harm3).Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.

4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在
[典例]
1).DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命吗?
2).IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。
[重点用法]
exist+prep.存在于地方existonsth.靠某物生存
[练习]用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Thisplant______only______Australia.
2).Canyou____________suchalowsalary?
3).Idoubtthe______(exist)ofalien.
Keys:1).exists;in2).existonto3).existence

5.puzzlevt.vi.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题puzzledadj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的
[典例]
1).Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
2).Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
[重点用法]
sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/为难sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人对……感到迷惑
puzzleabout/oversth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁
solveapuzzle解决一个难题
[练习]用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1).Toexplainthe________(puzzle)findings,heofferstwotheories.
2).I_______(puzzle)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.
3).Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle)expressiononherface.
4).Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle)ofhowlifebegan.
5).He_______(puzzle)whattodonext.
6)._____________________(使我困惑的事情)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.
Keys:1).puzzling2).ampuzzled3).puzzled4).puzzle5)waspuzzled6).Whatpuzzlesme

6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
[典例]
1).YoupushandI’llpull.你来推，我来拉。
2).Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
[重点用法]
pullahead(ofsb/sth)领先（於某人/物）pull(sb)back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）
pulloff(sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pullout(sth.)拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）
pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pulltogether同心协力；通力合作
[练习]用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1).Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.
2).He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.
3).Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.
Keys:1).pullingout2).pulledout3).pulltogether

7.cheervt.vi.(使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerfuladj.高兴的cheerlessadj.不高兴的
[典例]
1).ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
2).Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.他听到这个消息非常高兴。
[重点用法]
cheersb.on为某人加油cheer(sb)up（使某人）更高兴或更快活
[练习]用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1).Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.
2).Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.
3).Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.
Keys:1).cheered2).cheered;on3).cheering

Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
[典例]
Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。
[重点用法]
begin/startwith从……开始begin/startsthwith从……开始……
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。
1).He______hisspeech______apoem.
2).Hisspeech____________apoem.
3).__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.
Keys:1).began/started;with2).began/startedwith3).Tostart/beginwith
2.intime及时；最终；迟早
[典例]
1).Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。
2).Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。
[短语归纳]time短语：
intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟innotime立刻；马上atnotime永不……
atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时
allthetime一直；始终；老是ontime按时；准时bythetime到……的时候为止
forthetimebeing暂时；暂且takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间
fromtimetotime不时地，间或manyatime常常；多次onceuponatime从前
atthesametime同时；尽管如此aheadoftime提前，提早raceagainsttime争分夺秒
timeandagain一次又一次；重复地keeptime(钟表)走得准keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准
takeone’stime慢慢来，别急haveagood/nice/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很……
It’s(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了
[练习]用time短语填空。
1).Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.
2).Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.
3).Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.
4)._____________________willIgiveup.
5).Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.
6)._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.
7).Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.
8).You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.
Keys:1).intime2).intime3).innotime4).Atnotime
5).atthesametime6).Atonetime7).atatime8).forthetimebeing

3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着
[典例]
Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。
[短语归纳]turn短语：
inturn轮流；一个接着一个byturns轮流；一阵……一阵……
taketurns(todosth.)轮流（做某物）It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了
[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1).Shewenthotandcold______________.
2).我们轮流着开车。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3).今天轮到谁发言了？
____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).byturns2).Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.
3).Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?

4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事
[典例]
Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加
不了明天的比赛。
注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中
from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，
三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，
因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。
[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1).Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止这种疾病的蔓延).
2).OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.
3).警察阻止他们携带武器。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2).prevent/stop
3).Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.
=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.

5.blockout挡住（光线）
[典例]
Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
[短语归纳]out短语：
breakout爆发，发生burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来goout外出；过时；(灯)熄
putout关(灯)；扑灭；生产comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
lookout留神；注意watchout注意；提防findout找出，查明，发现
pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）
hangout挂出，闲逛knockedout(拳击中)击倒，打昏sellout售完(某种货物)，脱销
turnout结果证明是runout(of)用完，耗尽checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去
handout分发，散发giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)
[练习]用out短语填空。
1).Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.
2).It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.
3).Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.
4).Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.
5).We______________of/fromourhotelat5a.m.tocatcha7a.m.flight.
Keys:1).gaveout2).pick;out3).comeout4).turnedout5).checkedout

6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
[典例]
Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。
[短语归纳]off短语：
getoff下车falloff从……摔下来takeoff脱下；起飞keepoff远离
turnoff关闭payoff付清，还清set...off给……送行kickoff踢球
jumpoff跳下giveoff散发showoff炫耀shutoff关闭
[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译。
1).ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班)today.
2).Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.
3).Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.
4).Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.
Keys:1).areoff2).wasoff3).Keepoff4).paidoff
7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发
[典例]
Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。
[短语归纳]break短语：
breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制）breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败
breakup打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体)breakoff(使)停止；中断；折断
breakintosth.强行进入某处breakone’sword/promise食言；说话不算数
[练习]用break短语填空。
1).Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.
2).Whendoyou______________forChristmas?
3).Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.
4).Hishousewas______________lastweek.
Keys:1).brokeout2).breakup3).brokendown4).brokeninto

8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防
[典例]
Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。
[重点用法]
watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物watchover保护；照看
[练习]用watch短语填空。
1).Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.
2).WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?
3).You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.
Keys:1).watchingover2).watchoutfor3).watchout

Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
[解释]“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2).Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)
2).Theworstisstill____________(come).
3).We’llholdameetingtomorrow.
=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.
4).这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).aretogo2).tocome3).aretohold;tobeheld
4).ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.

2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
[解释]此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
1).Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.
3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).We________________________(规定)togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.
2).I__________________(发现很难)togetalongwithhim．
3).他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4).我觉得我有责任帮助你。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:1).makeitarule2).findithard3).HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4).Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.

3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[解释]twiceas...as...“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：
1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
2).Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
[解释]twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1).倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.
2).倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.
3).倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。
[练习]完成句子或翻译。
1).这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2).到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.
Keys:1).Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.
=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2).fourtimesasmanystudentsas
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move)aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearths2（大气层）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow)themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的)smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖)andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydontonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.
答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.good
Ⅱ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语，
短文解释了生命如何在地球上开始的。首先，地球爆炸和产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物和动物，包括人类逐渐在地球上出现。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
[模仿要点]句子结构：what＋主语从句＋is…till+时间名词＋定语从句
他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.
没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.
2Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
[模仿要点]句子结构:主语从句＋is＋that表语从句
他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.
他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.

3Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.
[模仿要点]句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。
我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.
她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.
单元自测（模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：196完成时间：14分钟难度：***
Whosaid:"IfIdidnthavebadluck,Iwouldnthaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n)1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿)thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.
Hemingwaycouldntimaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.
Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保证)Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.
Dontprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Dontaskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!
1.A.essentialB.confusingC.acceptableD.bad
2.A.backwardsB.offC.onD.forwards
3.A.learnedB.saidC.heardD.solved
4.A.waitingB.strugglingC.dreamingD.wishing
5.A.challengesB.changesC.disasterD.failure
6.A.buriedB.failedC.wastedD.undone
7.A.fortuneB.resultC.journeyD.idea
8.A.weakB.importantC.goodD.last
9.A.knowledgeB.confidenceC.imaginationD.luck
10.A.chanceB.sympathyC.wisdomD.kick
答案：
文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
1.D通读全文可知“不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机会或者动力)。根据此意需要选D项
2.D根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。
3.A海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了/学会了要用learn表达。
4.B从第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling)当中。
5.C即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster)。
6.C这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simplywasted)。
7.A他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写作并且取得成功可以看出来。
8.A忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak)部分。weak与thebest相对。
9.B朋友鼓励他要乐观(optimism)，要有自信心(confidence)，而confidence与optimism并列，表达相近的意思。
10.C从前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈祷问题会减少，而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智慧(greaterwisdom)来应对这些挑战。不是寻找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。
2.语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。
字数：143完成时间：8分钟难度：***
OnWednesdaymorningatelevenoclock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come)fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come)out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance),hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.
ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy)achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.
答案：
1．hadcome考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：
2．Coming考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth．的结构：
3．with介词，"有，具有"：
4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：
5．Before时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：
6．andand连接ranup...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：
7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：
8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。
9．wasbuying过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：
10．a表一份奖品：
3.信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。
请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息：
SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructingyourownhome.
SectionB:SportsLeisureSection--Stocksalargerangeofthelatestbooksonyourfavouritesportingteamsandevents.PickuptheperfectFathersDaypresenthere.
SectionC:HumourSection--Agreatselectionofjokebooks,funnystoriesandwonderfulreallifeadventuresthataresuretokeepthereaderlaughingfordays.
SectionD:BusinessFinance--Students,businesspeopleoranyoneinterestedintheworldofcommercearecertaintofindthebooktheyareafterhere.Wehavespecialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce.
SectionE:Biography--Findoutaboutthelivesofyourfavouritesportsstars,singers,actorsandotherfamouspeoplefromtodayandthepast.Learnwhattheyhadtogothroughtobecomesuccessfulandtheeffectithadontheirlives.
SectionF:Education--Hasahugerangeoftextbooksandsupplementarymaterialcoveringallthemajorhighschoolanduniversitysubjects.Buyersshowingtheirstudentcardsreceivea15%discountonallpurchasesfromthissection.
阅读下列关于各书籍的信息，匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架：
1.TheDelightedEye--byProf.JohnNash--The1994NobelPrizeWinnerforEconomics,whoseideashaveinfluencedagenerationoftheworldsgreatesteconomicminds,tellshislifestory:growingupinasmalltowninAmerica,becomingoneofAmericasmostinfluentialmathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness.
2.MotherTongue:TheEnglishLanguage--byBillBryson--BrysonsbookisajourneythroughthehistoryanddifferentaspectsoftheEnglishlanguage,onethatisbothinformativeandhugelyentertaining.AswithmostofBrysonsbooks,funcomesbeforefactsandreaderswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces.
3.IntoThinAir--byJohnKrakauer--isarivetingfirst-handaccountofadisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest.InMarch1996,"Outside"magazinesentveteranjournalistandexperiencedclimberJohnKrakauertojointheteamledbythefamousEverestguideRobHall.DespitetheexpertiseofHallandtheotherleaders,bytheendoftheraceeightpeopleweredead.
4.ReadyMade:HowtoMake(Almost)Everything--byShoshenaBergerandGraceHawthorne--beautifullywrittenwithgreatfactualinformation.Thethemebehindthisbookisre-use,re-claim,re-cycleandtherearemanydetailedeasy-to-doprojectsforthereadertotrysuchasmakingaphotoframefromabookcoverorapotforyourplantsfromplasticshoppingbags.
5.TheSmartestGuysintheRoom:TheAmazingRiseandScandalousFallofEnron--byBethanyMcLeanandPeterElkind--AsthetitlesuggeststheauthorscovertheriseoftheAmericanelectricitycompanytobecomeoneofthe10richestcompaniesintheworldanditsspectacularfallintodishonourandbankruptcy.Aperfectguideonwhatnottodoinbusiness.
答案：
1.E"Biography"对应"tellhislifestory""learnwhattheyhadtogothrough"对应"mathematiciansandhisbattleswithmentalillness"
2.C"keepthereaderlaughing"对应"readerswillbeleftwithasmileontheirfaces"
3.B"favoritesportingteamsandevents"对应"adisastrousracetothetopofMountEverest"
4.A"onhowtodoeverything"对应"thethemebehindthisbookisreuse,reclaim..."
5.D"specialsubsectionforinternationaltradeande-commerce"对应"aperfectguideonwhatnottoinbusiness"
4.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文：
Hi,IamMike!Personally,Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallengingandexciting.
EachtimeIcomeupwithanideaafterlongtimethinking,Ifeelagreatsenseofachievement.StudyingalonealsoallowsmetodevelopindependentthinkingwhichisaveryimportantskillIneedasIgrowolderandmustsolvetheproblemsmyselfwithoutthehelpofparentsandteachers.Ourteachersoftenencourageustostudyingroups.Ienjoymyfriendscompany,butin-groupstudy,Ifindwespendfarlesstimestudyingandmoretimeplayinggamesandhavingfun.ItisforthesereasonsthatIbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbystudyingalone.
[写作内容]
学校最近组织了一次中关学生交流活动，你参加其中的“合作学习”讨论：听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“MyViewonOurStudy”，内容要点包括：
1、以约30个词概括短文的要点：
2、以约120个词谈谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，并包括下面要点：
1)你对Mike的观点的评价;
2)你赞成哪一种学习方式，合作学习还是单独学习?
3)你以前采取什么学习方式，比较你先后采取两种学习方式上的变化及不同结果。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：热情enthusiasm,合作学习studyingroups，单独学习studyalone。
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：Iprefertostudyalone.Ifindstudyingalonemorechallenging
andexciting./IbelievethemosteffectivewaytolearnnewknowledgeisbyStudyingalone.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是谈你对同学间是否必要合作学习的看法，属于评论性文字，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。但你以前采取何种学习方式属于经历，必须使用一般过去时态。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：
TheBestWaytoLearn
InMikesspeech,weknowthathelikestostudyalonebecausestudyingaloneisthemosteffective,morechallengingandexcitingwaytolearnnewknowledge.
PersonallyIlikestudyingingroups.Whenstudyingingroupswecanlearnfromeachother,shareourexperiencesinsolvingdifficultproblemsandlearnmoreinlesstime.
InthepastIseldomhadtheconfidencetodiscussstudytopicswithmyclassmates.IalsohadlittleenthusiasmforstudyingasIfounditveryboring.ButfollowingmyteachersadviceIjoinedastudygroupandtomysurprisemyperformanceinclasswasimprovedgreatly.StudyingbecamemoreenjoyableandsomethingIlookedforwardtodoing,asIwasabletolearnfromaswellashelpothers.Soforme,studyingingroupsisbyfarthemosteffectivewaytolearn.

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars教案2

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

单元要览类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity词汇astronomyn.天文学existvi.存在;生存systemn.系统;体系;制度thusadv.因此;于是religionn.宗教;宗教信仰dioxiden.二氧化物theoryn.学说;理论biologyn.生物学atomn.原子biologistn.生物学家billionpron.（美）十亿puzzlen.迷;难题vt.（使）为难globen.球体;地球仪;地球gravityn.万有引力;重力violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的floatvt.（使）漂浮n.漂浮物carbonn.碳gentleadj.温和的;文雅的atmospheren.大气层;气氛physicistn.物理学家unlikeprep.不同;不像climaten.气候fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的crashvt.坠落harmfuladj.有害的spaceshipn.宇宙飞船acidn.酸pulln.拖;牵引力chainn.链子;连锁;锁链satelliten.卫星;人造卫星multiplyvt.增加massn.质量;团;块;大量oxygenn.氧exhaustvt.用尽;耗尽短语solarsystem太阳系blockout挡住（光线）intime及时;终于cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋layeggs下蛋nowthat既然givebirthto产生;分娩breakout突发;爆发inone’sturn轮到某人;接着watchout密切注视;当心;提防carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent...from阻止;制止重要句型1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(betodo;what-clauseasthesubject)2.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that;itis/wasnot+adj.+whether-clause)3.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.(what-clauseasthesubject;that-clauseasthepredicative)4.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.[itis/was(not)+adj.+that]5.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether-clauseasthesubject;dependon+whether-clauseastheobject)功能Instructions:Pleasepayattentionto...Pleasecheckthat....Youneed...Don’tforgetto...Makesurethat....Watchoutfor...You’dbetter...Youmust/mustn’t...Pleaselookat...语法NounclausesasthesubjectWhatitwastobecomewasuncertain......itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.教学重点1.Getstudentstolearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearthandmakingaspacetrip.2.HavestudentslearnsomeusefulnewwordsandexpressionsandletthemlearneffectivewaystorememberEnglishvocabulary.3.Enablestudentstousetheexpressionsofinstructionscorrectlyindailylife.4.Letstudentslearnthenewgrammaritem:nounclausesasthesubject.5.Developstudents’listening,speaking,readingandwritingabilities.教学难点1.Enablestudentstomastertheuseofnounclausesasthesubject.2.Letstudentslearntowriteashortarticletoshowtheirproblemsandthewaystoovercomethem.3.Developstudents’integrativeskills.课时安排Periodsneeded:7Period1WarmingupandreadingPeriod2Learningaboutlanguage:ImportantlanguagepointsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage:GrammarPeriod4Usinglanguage:ListeningandspeakingPeriod5Usinglanguage:ExtensivereadingPeriod6Usinglanguage:SpeakingandwritingPeriod7Revision:Summingupandlearningtip

Period1Warmingupandreading

整体设计教材分析Thisisthefirstteachingperiodofthisunit.Atthebeginningoftheclass,theteachercanleadinthetopicoftheunitbyhavingafreetalkwithstudentsaboutsomefamousscientistsandwhattheyhavediscovered.ThenturntoWarmingUp.Itisintendedtohavestudentsthinkaboutandthendiscussthesetwogroupsofquestions:1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Pre-readingistoremindstudentsthattheoriginoflifeontheearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomersandeachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganontheearth.Theteachershouldaskstudentswhattheyknowabouttheseandthenletthempredictwhatkindofinformationwillbeintroducedinthenextpart!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Reading.ThereadingpassagetitledHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHprovidesstudentsabriefintroductiononhowtheuniversedevelopedandhowlifebeganontheearth.Itprovidesascientificbackgroundtoanyinvestigationintospaceanditisfactual.Studentsareencouragedtopreviewthetextandfindouttheusefulnewwords,expressionsandstructuresthemselves.Theyshouldtrytoworkoutthemeaningsofthenewwordsthroughthecontext.Thenifnecessary,theycanlookthemupinthedictionaryorturntotheteacherforhelp.Alsoencouragethemtolookatthepicturesandreadthetitletoguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.Thenletthemskimforthegeneralidea,andscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordernottoletthemfeelmuchdifficult,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Afterreading,studentsarerequiredtodothefiveexercisesintheComprehendingtoseehowmuchtheyhaveunderstoodthereadingpassage.Theteachercanfirstletthemworkinpairsoringroupstofindtheanswerscooperatively,andthenchecktheiranswerswiththewholeclass.Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassage.Inordertoarousethestudents’interest,theteachercanholdacompetition.教学重点1.Letstudentsreadthepassageandlearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Getstudentstolearndifferentreadingskills,especiallythereadingabilityofunderstandingimpliedmeaningoftheauthor.教学难点1.Enablestudentstounderstandthepassageandknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.2.Letstudentslearnhowtousedifferentreadingskillsfordifferentreadingpurposes.三维目标知识目标1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:astronomy,system,religion,theory,atom,billion,globe,violent,carbon,atmosphere,unlike,fundamental,harmful,acid,chain,multiply,oxygen,exist,thus,dioxide,puzzle,solarsystem,intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,prevent...from2.Letstudentslearnaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.能力目标1.Developstudents’readingabilityandletthemlearndifferentreadingskills.2.Enablestudentstoknowaboutthedevelopmentoftheearth.情感目标1.Trainstudents’interestinscienceandstimulatetheirloveforastronomy.2.Developstudents’senseofcooperativelearning.

教学过程设计方案（一）→Step1PresentationHaveafreetalkwithstudents.1.Letstudentsbrainstormthefollowingquestions:Whoareourancestors?Doyouknowwhatitwaslikebeforelifeappearedontheearth?Doyouknowhowlifebeganontheearth?Doyouwanttogetmoreinformation?2.Tellstudents:Todaywewilllearnsomethingabouthowlifebeganontheearth.TurntoPage25.Let’scometoWarmingUpfirst.→Step2WarmingupLetstudentsthinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandthendiscussthemwiththeirpartners.1.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--VenusEarthMarsMercuryJupiterNeptuneSaturn2.Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?→Step3Pre-reading1.Getstudentstodiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.1)Theoriginoflifeonearthisaquestionthatinterestsastronomers.Whatdoyouknowaboutit?2)Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?2.Letthemtelltheirstories.Encouragethemtotelldifferentstories.Iftheydon’tknowany,tellthemsome,forexample,Panguseparatedtheskyfromtheearth,Panguturnedintoamyriadofthings,Nuwamademen,andsoon.3.Askthemtoreadthetitleandlookatthepictures.Predictwhatthereadingwillbeabout.→Step4Reading1.FastreadingGetstudentstoreadthepassagequicklyandthenwritedownthemainideaforeachparagraphandthewholepassageinthefollowingchart.HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5ThepassageLetstudentslookthroughthechartandthenreadthetextsilently.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.2.IntensivereadingAllowstudentstoreadthepassagecarefullythistimetogettheimportantdetails,andthenfinishthefollowing:1)Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.(1)Insectsandamphibiansappeared.(2)Dinosaursappeared.(3)Theearthbecameasolidball.(4)Smallplantsgrowonthewater.(5)Reptilesappeared.(6)Plantsbegintogrowondryland.(7)Theearthwasacloudofdust.(8)Waterappearedontheearth.(9)Shellfishandotherfishappeared.(10)Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.(11)Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.(12)Mammalsappeared.2)Choosethebestanswertoeachquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatisimportantforthebeginningoflife?A.Thewaterontheearth.B.Theearth’satmosphere.C.Theformofforests.D.Dissolvingharmfulgases.(2)Whichofthefollowingappearedontheearthfirst?A.Insects.B.Reptiles.C.Amphibians.D.Shellfishandfish.(3)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.WaterstillexistsonMars.B.Theearth’satmosphereismadeupofoxygenandnitrogen.C.Theearthhaddissolvedtheharmfulatmosphereintotheoceansandseas.D.Plantsprovideoxygentotheearth.(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theappearanceanddevelopmentoflifeontheearth.B.Thebirthoftheearth.C.Whydinosaursdiedout.D.Thefactthathumanbeingscausedglobalwarming.Suggestedanswers:(1)A(2)D(3)D(4)A3.ReadinganddiscussionReadthetextathirdtimeandthenworkinpairstodiscussthefollowingquestions.1)Whywastheearthdifferentfromtheotherplanets?2)Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?3)Whyisitwrongtoshowfilmswithdinosaursandpeopletogether?4)Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?5)Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?(Letstudentshaveenoughtimetoreadthepassagecarefullyanddiscussthequestionswiththeirpartners.Encouragethemtoexpresstheirownideas.)4.ExplanationHelpstudentsanalyzesomedifficult,longandcomplexsentencesandguessthemeaningofsomenewwords.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Discussthefollowingimportantsentencesandphrasesinthepassage.1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.3)Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.4)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Suggestedexplanations:1)Whatleadsanounclauseasthesubjectandwhenleadsanattributiveclause.2)Here“whethertheshapewouldlastornot”isanounclauseasthesubject.3)Here“whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere”isanon-restrictiveattributiveclause.intime:1)soonerorlater;eventually2)intime(forsth./todosth.):notlateIwillseehimintime.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.4)Inthissentence,therearetwoclausesledbywhether.Thefirstoneisanounclauseasthesubjectandthesecondastheobject.tocome:servesasattributiveSheisthelastpersontodosuchathing.dependon:somethingmightonlyhappenorbetrueifthecircumstancesarerightforitOursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.5.ReadingaloudandunderliningAskstudentstoreadthepassagealoudtothetapeandletthempayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Tellthemtopickoutalltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsfromthepassagewhilereadingandcopythemtothenotebooksafterclassashomework.Collocations:ontheearth,accordingto,acloudofdust,so...that,whether...ornot,intime,watervapor,cooldown,onone’ssurface,allow...todo...,achainreaction,millionsof,onthesurfaceof,beableto,aswellas,bydoing....,layeggs,bedifferentfrom,givebirthto,spreadallovertheearth,inone’sturn,prevent...from,asaresultof,too...to...,dependon→Step5DiscussionAfterreadingthepassage,letstudentsdiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?2.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?3.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6ConsolidationAskstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpofthefollowing.acloudofdust→asolidball→presenceofwater→smallplantsgrowonthewater→shellfishandotherfishappear→plantsbegintogrowondryland→insectsandamphibiansappear→retilesappear→dinosaursappear→mammalsappear→Step7Homework1.Learntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.Readthereadingpassageagainandtrytotalkabouthowlifebeganontheearthinyourownwords.设计方案（二）→Step1LeadinginthetopicShowstudentsapictureaboutsolarsystem.Letthemmatchthenameswiththeplanets.→Step2WarmingupEachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouttheoriginoflifeontheearth.Letstudentstelldifferentstoriesthattheyknow.→Step3Predictingbylookinganddiscussing1.Lookatthepicturesandtitleofthereadingpassageanddiscussinpairswhatthepassagemightbeabout.2.Twoorthreestudentswillgivetheiropinions.3.Letthemreadthepassagequicklytoseeiftheyareright.→Step4Reading1.Givestudents3minutes,andaskthemtoskimthepassagetogetthegeneralideaforeachparagraphandthepassage.2.Givestudents5minutestoreadthepassagecarefully,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Whatwasthereontheearthbeforelifebegan?2)Whydoscientiststhinktherehasneverbeenlifeonthemoon?3)Whydidanimalsfirstappearinthesea?4)Whydogreenplantshelplifetodevelop?5)Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3.Givestudents4minutestoreadthepassageathirdtime.Encouragethemtotrytodealwiththelanguagepointsinthecontext.Givethemsomeexplanationsifnecessary.4.ListeningandreadingaloudLetstudentslistentothetape.Remindthemtopayattentiontothepronunciationofeachnewwordandthepauseswithineachsentence.Thenaskthemtoreadthetextaloudtothetape.→Step5ExtensionLetstudentsthinkaboutanddiscussthefollowingquestions.1.Doyoubelievethatthereislifeonotherplanets?Whyorwhynot?2.Doyouthinkitispossiblethatonedaypeoplewillmovetheirhousestootherplanets?→Step6Closingdown1.Havestudentsgetpreparedin3minutesorsoandthenaskthemtoretellhowlifebeganontheearth.2.Askasmanystudentsaspossibletohaveatryinfrontoftheclass.→Step8Homework1.Gooverthetextandtrytolearnalltheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthispartbyheart.2.FinishtheexercisesinComprehendingonPage27.

板书设计

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Warmingupandreading

HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4Paragraph5Thepassage

活动与探究Supposeyouareanexpertwhostudiesastronomy.YouareinvitedtogiveaspeechtotheschoolstudentsaboutthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthDay(April22).ReadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagainandgotothelibraryorsurftheInternettofindmoreinformationandbereadytopresentyourspeechtotheclass.Youmaybeginlikethis:Goodmorning/afternoon.Iamgreatlyhonoredtobeheretogiveyouaspeechaboutthedevelopmentoflife....

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